iec Work For Energy Efficiency · 3 What is energy efficiency The IEC defines energy efficiency as...

IEC work for Energy Efficiency

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Tools to overcome barriers

Many energy efficient technologies and

solutions are readily available and cost-

effective; nevertheless, a variety of

barriers inhibits the deployment of these

technologies and impedes harvesting their

energy efficiency potential.

Standardization, together with testing and

certification can play an important role

to help overcome these barriers and to

disseminate and promote energy efficient

technologies, solutions and services. @ D

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What is energy efficiency

The IEC defines energy efficiency as the ratio

or other quantitative relationship between

an output of performance, service goods or

energy, and an input of energy.

Energy efficiency can be achieved in several

ways:

1. Use less energy to achieve the same

outcome = higher efficiency

2. Use same amount of energy to achieve

a better outcome = higher efficiency

3. Improve the conversion of primary

energy1 into usable energy, including

electricity through the use of more

efficient technologies = reduce waste

(of primary energy)

Why is energy efficiency important?—

Energy efficiency is the biggest untapped

energy source in the world.

According to the International Energy

Agency (IEA) energy efficiency is the largest

“fuel” before all fossil and renewable

energy sources combined. In the face of

rising energy demand and a need to limit

greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, energy

efficiency has become a pillar of the

global development goals. Recognizing the

importance of energy efficiency in achieving

sustainability goals reflects a paradigm shift

since both the supply and the demand side

are taken equally into consideration. Energy

efficiency is no longer “measured and valued

only as the negative quantity of energy not

used.”

However, much still remains to be

accomplished: IEA projections to 2035 show

that as much as two-thirds of the energy

efficiency potential are likely to remain

untapped. A major issue is that energy

efficiency is invisible, it represents energy

NOT used. Public and private stakeholders

don’t always understand the value of energy

efficiency and instead focus on investments

in energy generation.

Benefits of energy efficiency improvements—

Traditionally energy efficiency was simply

viewed as delivering energy savings in

the form of reductions in energy demand.

However, energy efficiency improvements

provide a much wider range of benefits,

including for example a reduction in GHG

emissions, increased energy security, better

health and well-being through lower air

pollution, positive impact on public budgets

and disposable incomes and much more.

In countries with near universal electricity

access, improved industrial productivity

may be the main driver for energy efficiency.

Many developing countries with low

electricity access can provide power to

more people without the need to expand the

existing infrastructure. Energy efficiency also

supports economic growth and reduces fuel

import bills. Increased efficiency can reduce

the per capita electricity cost for lighting,

refrigeration and other services and helps

lower pollution levels.

Primary energy includes all fossil fuels, biomass, geothermal and renewables. 1

4

The IEA has published a document that

captures the mutliple benefits of energy

efficiency (http://bit.ly/2n9NvD1).

Principal barriers to energy efficiency—

Despite the many identified benefits of

energy efficiency, many barriers remain to

its wide adoption. Those include for example:

lack of awareness of the savings

potential

inadequate information about

performance efficiency

lack of widely used metrics for

performance efficiency

focus on the performance of individual

components rather than the energy

yield or consumption of complete

systems

perceived low rate of return on

investment (lack of systems approach)

tendency to focus on lowest initial cost

rather than life cycle cost

split incentives – user is not the payer

Standardization can play an important role in

overcoming some of these barriers. Energy

efficiency aspects related to definitions,

measurement of performance and

assessment of energy efficiency are typical

domains of standardization.

Where and how do International Standards and testing come into play?—

Setting the baselineTo improve energy efficiency outcomes,

one needs to measure the consumption

of a device, system or process in order to

establish the baseline. This is achieved

through measurements, data collection and

analysis as well as testing and verification.

To achieve meaningful, comparable and

reportable results, a well-defined set of

criteria, calculation methods and metrics

is indispensable such as can be found in

standards.

From individual initiatives to built-in efficienciesEnergy efficiency improvements can be

achieved by modifying social behaviour or by

applying technology solutions.

While consumers often care about energy

efficiency outcomes, they generally rely

on others, for example manufacturers or

distributors to deliver better, more efficient

products or systems. Therefore, the most

efficient energy preservation measures are

those that are directly built into processes,

devices and systems.

From measurement to improvementMeasuring performance is just the first

step in achieving better energy efficiency

outcomes. As the first IEC President, Lord

Kelvin said:

If you can’t measure it,you can’t improve it

In general, the IEC doesn’t specify minimum

energy efficiency values, however IEC

publications support testing and certification

including for example: labelling, energy

efficiency classes or classifications, etc.

The table on page 5 explains the different

steps that need to be looked at to define,

measure, assess, improve and enable

energy efficiency. Many of these topics are

covered by IEC work.

Reliable, consistent, reproducible, comparableThe metrics, methodologies and processes in

IEC International Standards are defined with

the help of many thousand experts from all

around the world. They deliver the technical

foundation that allows for energy efficiency

to become measurable, comparable and

reportable; consistently, time after time.

IEC Standards also form the basis for testing

and certification. They are indispensable

in the comparison of the energy efficiency

of devices from different manufacturers.

IEC Standards are accepted nearly

everywhere and aim to take into account the

needs of every country in the world.

Conformity Assessment: from promise to realityIEC International Standards are used

by thousands of testing laboratories, all

around the world, to test and certify the

energy efficiency of all types of electrical

and electronic devices and systems. Many

of these laboratories also participate in the

IEC Conformity Assessment Systems.

Laws and regulations—

State-of-the art regulations often incorporate

IEC International Standards in policies and

laws that cover energy efficiency. Energy

labelling programmes such as Energy Star

directly count on manufacturers to apply

IEC International Standards when they build

their products.

71% of European electrical and electronic

standards are identical to IEC International

Standards and are imbedded in European

regulations. A new agreement between the

IEC and its European counterpart aims to

bring this harmonization to 90% or more.

71%

European electrical and electronic standards=

IEC International Standards

‘

http://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/capturing-the-multiple-benefits-of-energy-efficiency.html

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Energy efficiency aspect categories Energy efficiency aspect

Define energy efficiency Define terminology

Define system boundaries (including the scope for energy efficiency)

Define energy efficiency key performance indicators (EE KPIs)

Define energy baseline

Define driving parameters (adjustment factors, static factors)

Define reference applications

Define reference load profiles

Define reference control strategies

Measure energy efficiency Define test methods

Define measurements methods

Define measurements plans

Define calculation methods

Define classes

Assess energy efficiency Energy audits

Benchmarking methods

Energy efficiency investment evaluation

Improve energy efficiency Energy management system

Design criteria guidelines

Develop application guidelines

Apply best practices

Reduce overall losses

Reduce standby losses

Enable energy efficiency Interoperability

Communication

Standardized data format

Qualification of energy efficiency services

Measurement infrastructure

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IEC work for energy efficiency

The IEC doesn’t offer a single suite of

Standards that covers energy efficiency

as a whole. Instead dozens of technical

committees and hundreds of IEC

International Standards apply energy

efficiency considerations to every aspect

of electricity generation, distribution and its

use by billions of devices and systems. IEC

work supports the roll-out of more energy

efficient technologies including those that

make better use of primary energy and help

reduce overall energy waste. The 20 000

experts who work in the IEC at the global

level continuously update and improve

IEC International Standards and with them

the efficiency of all relevant devices and

systems.

Better outcomes—

IEC work for energy efficiency helps improve

industrial productivity in a number of

areas. For example, during the innovation

process, IEC International Standards allow

companies and research laboratories

to assess incremental gains in energy

efficiency compared to competitive devices

and systems that are already installed and

available in the market place.

The whole wind industry measures the

performance of wind turbines based

on the criteria that are described in IEC

International Standards. Regulators, insurers

and investors know exactly what to expect

from a new turbine: how it will perform at

different wind speeds that are classified in

IEC Standards; their endurance in terms

of abrasion rates; how much power it is

expected to deliver depending on where it is

installed. The performance of new designs

can directly be compared with existing

designs and installations.

IEC International Standards are also

essential in uprating and upgrading outdated

installations since they provide the necessary

and internationally recognized metrics and

guidelines to improve performance. For

example, they provide the technical basis for

the refurbishment of hydro installations with

more efficient hydraulic turbines. Engineers

learn how to proceed and what mistakes to

avoid during installation, maintenance and

repair.

Quality and risk management—

IEC International Standards not only focus on

efficiency, they are also essential for quality

and risk management. For this very reason,

tenders by the World Bank often contain

references and obligations with regard to

them.

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Higher efficiency through a systems approach

Improving the efficiency of individual

devices is just one way of improving energy

outcomes. A systems approach to energy

efficiency management supported by IEC

International Standards can go much further.

It considers the energy performance of the

combined efficiency of many individual

components within the boundaries of a

system. Generally, the efficiency gains of

a system are much higher than that of its

individual parts.

A concrete example— An automotive parts manufacturer in Japan

had optimized energy efficiency for a whole

series of individual manufacturing processes

in the machining, paint and cleaning

departments.

By addressing the three units in a single

system the manufacturer was ultimately

able to reduce energy consumption by

an impressive additional 80%. This was

achieved by replacing a boiler with a heat

exchanger, thus benefiting from heat

generated by machining for the cooling of

parts.

This example demonstrates that equipment

replacement in combination with drastic

process changes can achieve fundamental

energy efficiency improvements in a systems

approach.

This systems approach is also applied in

the IEC. Closer collaboration between many

different technical committees leads to new

types of Standards that allow for improved

integration of different technologies.

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Areas offering biggest potentialHere a non-exhaustive overview of IEC work

for some of the areas that offer the biggest

potential for energy savings and increased

efficiency.

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Energy generation

Energy generation is the first stop on the way

to increased energy efficiency and energy

savings. How much primary energy can be

converted into usable electricity is directly

dependent on which generation technology

is selected.

Hydropower and other renewable energy sources—

Hydropower is acknowledged to be the most

efficient source of electricity.

Modern hydro turbines can convert 90% of

all available primary energy into electricity. In

opposition, the burning of fossil fuels results

in the waste of at least half of the primary

energy input even with the best technologies.

In older plants energy conversion is as low

as 30% that means: 2/3 of coal or oil goes

to waste.

Hydropower represents 85% of all renewable

energy, is instantly available and highly

useful for the integration of intermittent

renewable energy, such as wind or solar PV.

IEC International Standards provide

the technical foundation, including the

measurement and rating methodologies

for hydro, wind, solar PV and solar thermal

power plants, geothermal and wave energy

systems. The IEC also provides International

Standards for electricity generation in fossil

fuel and nuclear power plants.

Storing electricity for later use—

Energy storage is an important component

of energy efficiency projects. It is essential

to allow us to take full advantage of when

the wind blows and the sun shines. By

storing electricity for later use we can

largely eliminate the need for expensive

(and polluting) generators and idling power

plants. Energy storage is essential for

controlling power quality and regulating

fluctuating power demand. Last but not

least, energy storage is also an essential

ingredient in so-called microgrids and off-

grid rural electrification.

Electricity off-grid —

The IEC is a partner of the UN Sustainable

Energy for All initiative. In this context IEC

work supports the design of decentralized

rural electrification systems that supply

electricity for sites which are not

connected to an electricity network. In rural

electrification projects, energy generation

from renewables in combination with solar

lights and some form of energy storage

can significantly improve overall energy

efficiency and help populations make better

use of often expensive primary energy as

well as reduce pollution.

For further details, please consult IEC work

for rural electrification http://go.iec.ch/rural.

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http://go.iec.ch/rural

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IEC Standard Description

IEC TS 62600 series Power performance assessment of wave, tidal and other water current converters

Marine


IEC 60834 series Performance of teleprotection equipment of power systems

IEC 60870-4 Performance of telecontrol equipment and systems

IEC TS 61970 series Energy management system

Power generation (other)


IEC 61400 series Power performance of wind turbines

Wind


IEC 60622 Rechargeable cells and batteries

IEC 60896 series Stationary batteries

IEC 61427 series Cells and batteries for renewable energy storage

IEC 62282 series Fuel cell technologies

IEC 62620 Rechargeable cells and batteries for industrial applications

IEC 62660 series Rechargeable batteries for electric vehicles

IEC 62933 Electrical Energy Storage (EES) systems (to be published)

Electricity storage


IEC 60041 Performance of hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and pump-turbine

IEC 62097 Performance conversion methods for radial and axial hydraulic machines

IEC 62256 Rehabilitation and performance improvement for hydraulic turbines, storage pumps and

pump-turbines

Hydropower


IEC 61724 Photovoltaic system performance

IEC 61853 Photovoltaic (PV) module performance testing and energy rating

IEC 62253 Design and performance of photovoltaic pumping systems

IEC 62670 Performance of photovoltaic concentrators

IEC 62862 series Solar thermal electric plants (to be published)

IEC 62891 Efficiency of photovoltaic inverters (to be published)

IEC 62892 series Performance of PV modules in different climates and applications (to be published)

Solar

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Bringing electricity to where it is consumed

Smart Grid and automation—

The IEC provides the large majority of

technical Standards for the Smart Grid

as well as for equipment such as smart

metering. Several IEC technical committees

cover power electronic systems and

automation. All are essential for reducing

grid losses and identifying energy efficiency

opportunities.

A detailed overview of Standards that

apply to the Smart Grid can be found here

http://go.iec.ch/std

Transmission technologies—

IEC International Standards provide the

performance and test requirements that

help assess the efficiency of all types of

cables, overhead conductors or power

transformers. They help calculate losses

and provide important parameters for cable

http://go.iec.ch/std

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IEC 61334 series Distribution automation

IEC 61850 series Communication networks and systems for power utility automation

IEC 61970 Energy management system

IEC TR 62051 series Electricity metering

IEC 62325 series Framework for energy market communications

IEC TS 62872 System interface between industrial facilities and the smart grid

IEC TS 62898 series Microgrids (to be published)

IEC 62934 Grid integration of renewable energy generation (to be published)

IEC/IEEE PAS 63547 Interconnecting distributed resources with electric power systems

ISO/IEC 30101 Sensor networks: interfaces for smart grid system

Smart Grid and automation


IEC 60076 series Efficiency of power transformers

IEC TR 60919 series Performance of high-voltage and ultra-high-voltage direct current (HVDC and UHVDC)

systems

IEC 61788 series Superconductivity

IEC TR 62681 Electromagnetic performance of high-voltage direct current and ultra-high-voltage direct

current (HVDC and UHVDC) overhead transmission lines

Power transmission

or transformer design and installation.

Important new technologies such as Ultra

High Voltage transmission are made safe

through IEC work. This highly sophisticated

technology can help reduce transmission

losses over long distances by nearly 30%.

Superconductivity is another technology

that can improve energy efficiency. Most

conductors have some degree of resistance

which prevents electricity from flowing

effortlessly. Although utility scale power

transformers waste less than 1% of power

of their total rating, over the live span of

a transformer which can be in service

for decades, energy savings can add up

tremendously. With superconductors,

which are cooled down to between

–73 °C and –135 °C, energy losses due

to heat generated when current is flowing

through the conductor become essentially

zero. Even with the added cost for making

them cold enough for superconducting,

transformers in the 10 MW and higher

range are substantially more efficient and

less expensive than their conventional

counterparts. Superconducting cables also

offer the advantages of lower loss, lighter

weight and more compact dimensions,

compared to conventional cables. Energy

efficiency gains can be achieved during their

manufacturing, transport, installation, use

and end-of-life disposal.

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Electric motors

More than 50% of all electricity worldwide

is converted into mechanical energy by

electrical motors. Increasing the efficiency of

these motors is probably by far the biggest

and most affordable energy efficiency

opportunity out there.

The biggest user of motors is industry.

Industry consumes 40% of global electricity

(source: IEA) of which the large majority

drives electric motors in machines, pumps,

fans, compressors, conveyer belts, and the

like. Most of these motors are unable to

adjust their power consumption and waste

precious energy.

Changing to electric motors with variable-

speed drives reduces energy consumption

by up to 50%. The annual electricity cost

of running a motor is usually many times

greater than its initial purchase price and

energy savings quickly amortize the initial

investment: the new motor basically pays for

itself.

Another example is the pumping of fresh

and waste water, which is estimated to

account for around 10% of the world’s

electricity supply. Most pumping stations

rely on electricity to supply water to water

networks. These pumps are driven by

electric motors, most of which comply

with International Standards IEC 60034 or

IEC 61800. For more information

on IEC work for water management

http://go.iec.ch/water

IEC International Standards rank electric

motors according to their efficiency classes.

The IEC Conformity Assessment System

IECEE has put in place a global testing

scheme for electric motors to verify that

promises are kept.

Regulators everywhere in the world have

taken on board this classification system and

made it part of their policies. For example,

since January 2015, the EU only allows the

installation of IE3 rated electric motors (or

IE2 with variable-speed drive). In North

America NEMA and DOE have also taken

on board this rating system and the same is

true for many other countries.


IEC 60034 series Electric motor efficiency, rating and performance

IEC 60252-1 AC motor capacitors testing and rating of performance

IEC TS 60349-3 Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles, determination of

total losses

IEC 61800 series Adjustable speed electrical power drive systems

Electric motors

http://go.iec.ch/water

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Industry

In addition to motors, which drive the

large majority of production processes and

consume around 70% of electricity used

by industry, several other technology areas

offer a good potential for increased energy

efficiency.

Heating and cooling—

Around 20%, and in some industries

up to 40% of electricity is consumed in

heating processes. These are widely used

across many sectors from food processing

and automotive applications to smelting.

Electroheating offers many benefits over

processes that use combustion of fossil

fuels, higher efficiency is just one of them.

Cleaner air, higher temperatures and better

process control are among the others. The

optimum energy efficiency of gas furnaces

ranges from 40% to 80% while that of an

electric furnace can reach 95%.

Technologies used in industry include

among others:

Induction furnaces that melt various

metals including steel, copper,

aluminium with absolute temperature

control

Resistance heating to heat, treat, form,

melt and dry metals; to cook, sterilize

and roast in the food industry or to fire

and dry ceramic products

Plasma torches to cut steel plates

Microwaves to treat food products

Radio-frequency electric fields to dry

textiles, fix dyes, control moisture

content, but also to sterilize medical

equipment

Lasers to weld, cut and treat various

metals

Infrared and radiation heating to coat

and cure surfaces

Electricity based technologies significantly

decrease primary energy waste compared

to combustion based technologies.

IEC Technical Committee 27 plays a central

role in preparing International Standards for

electroheating installations.

Automation—

Digital automated manufacturing systems

(smart manufacturing) pave the way for

more energy efficient processes. They cover

the whole life cycle of a product from idea

to order, construction and development,

delivery, recycling including all related

services as well as the integration of user or

consumer input and feedback.

Real-time information and data collection

enables continuous optimization – beyond

company borders – of cost, availability and

resource consumption.

IEC TC 65 publishes the International

Standards that address the safety and

efficiency of equipment and processes,

regulatory compliance and energy

consumption, as well as the many protocols

and methods that support the full range of

communication, monitoring, control, safety

and cyber security technologies in the

area of automation. Many other technical

committees publish Standards that are

needed for sensor networks, localization

and tracing technologies, batteries, piezo-

electrics, actuators, 3D printing, lasers and

much more.@ eblog.huawei.com/how-smart-factory-changes-automotive-steel-production

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IEC 60947 series Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear

IEC 61003 series Industrial-process control systems

IEC 61069 series Industrial-process measurement, control and automation

IEC 61131 series Programmable controllers

IEC 61158 series Industrial communication networks

IEC 61253 series Piezoelectric technologies


IEC 61334 series Distribution automation


IEC 61784 series Industrial communication networks



IEC TR 62837 Energy efficiency through automation systems

IEC TS 62872 Interface between industrial facilities and the smart grid

ISO/IEC 20005 Intelligent sensor networks

ISO/IEC 20140-5 Automation systems and integration

ISO/IEC 29182 series, ISO/IEC 30101 Sensor networks

Automation


IEC 60240 Electric infra-red emitters for industrial heating

IEC 60398 Electroheating and electromagnetic processing installations

IEC 60676 Industrial direct arc furnaces

IEC TS 60680 Plasma heating equipment

IEC 61307 Industrial microwave heating installations

IEC 62395 series Industrial and commercial electrical resistance trace heating systems

Heating and cooling

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Commercial and residential buildings

account for about 40% of primary energy

consumption in many countries. This energy

is used for lighting, heating, ventilation and

air conditioning systems, as well as for

powering elevators, escalators, machinery

and appliances.

Building automation—

Building automation and control can

significantly improve the energy efficiency

of buildings. They include a wide variety

of technologies that are wirelessly

connected, including light detectors,

timers, temperature, motion, humidity and

many other sensor systems, as well as

programmable logic controllers. Building

automation can help optimize device

use by switching them off entirely or by

reducing their use to the minimum. They

can also highlight “bad habits” that should

be corrected. For example by modifying

the heating or cooling temperature settings

by 2 °C, up to 10% of energy can be

saved. Additional energy savings can be

achieved by upgrading and renovating a

building’s electrification and by installing

low-consumption, high-efficiency lighting

systems, more efficient electrical motors and

transformers.

IEC Technical Committee 8 focuses on

overall systems aspects of electricity supply.

IEC TC 57 deals with communications

between equipment and electricity systems.

IEC TC 47 develops Standards for sensors

and similar devices. ISO/IEC JTC1/SC 25

covers building automation including for

example energy harvesting.

Heating and cooling—

Heat pumps represent one of the most

efficient means of heating or cooling a

building. They require a minimum amount

of electricity to function and work on the

principle of transferring heat from water, air,

soil or other sources to provide hot water or

air conditioning.

Moving people around—

Elevators and escalators account for up to

10% of energy use in buildings. Innovative

motors and regenerative braking systems

that recuperate energy help cut elevator

power consumption in half. Escalators can

be made more efficient by mounting sensors

that turn them off when they are not needed

or activate soft start systems when the

number of people carried is low. IEC TCs 2

and 47 provide the technical foundation

that ensures that elevators and lifts work as

efficiently and safely as possible.

Buildings (commercial, public and medical)

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IEC 60335 series Air-conditioners, dehumidifiers, heat-pumps, circulation pumps, etc.

IEC 60531 Electric thermal storage room-heaters, performance

IEC 60675 Electric thermal storage room-heaters, performance

IEC 60704-2-5 Electric thermal storage room-heaters, performance

IEC 60730 series Automatic temperature sensing and energy regulators

Heating and cooling


IEC 60034 series Electric motors for escalators, elevators, breaking systems, conveyor belts, etc.

IEC 60747-14 series Optical, bio and other sensors

IEC 60747-16 series Integrated circuits

IEC 60748 series Integrated circuits

People movers


IEC 60364 series Energy efficiency of low-voltage electrical installations

IEC 60730 series Automatic electrical controls

IEC 60747 series Semiconductor sensors and MEMS

IEC 61240 series Piezoelectric devices and energy harvesting

IEC 61837 series Piezoelectric devices and energy harvesting

IEC 61970 series Energy management system

IEC 62018 Power consumption of information technology equipment

IEC 62047 series Semiconductor sensors and MEMS

IEC 62053 series Electricity metering equipment

IEC 62746 series Systems interface between customer energy management system and the power

management system

IEC 63044 series Home and building automation

ISO/IEC 14543 series Home electronic system architecture

Building automation

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Lighting

Nearly 20% of total electricity production

is consumed by electric lighting. By 2030,

energy demand for artificial light is projected

to be 80% higher than today.

The introduction of more energy efficient

lighting solutions is seen as a priority in

many countries.

Here as elsewhere, the choice of technology

makes a big difference in terms of energy

efficiency. Incandescent bulbs waste about

95% of electricity mostly in the form of

heat. Compact fluorescent lamps are 80%

more efficient than incandescent bulbs and

have been a good tool to reduce energy

consumption in this area.

LEDs represent currently the highest

commercially available energy efficiency

levels. LEDs find increasing application

in street and airport lighting systems,

where they can save up to 95% of energy

compared to other technologies. Such

savings generally help amortize the

investment in just a couple of years. They

also find increasing application in low-

power situations for example off-grid or with

batteries.

LEDs are complex electronic assemblies; in

order for them to deliver on their efficiency

and long-life promise they need to be built

with reliable components and quality tested.

IECQ, one of the IEC Conformity Assessment

Systems offers a dedicated programme

for the testing and verification of LED

components and assemblies.

IEC Technical Committee 34 prepares the

large majority of International Standards

for safe and efficient lighting, including

performance requirements, specifications,

testing and measuring methods for all types

of lamps and their auxiliaries. Their scope

includes lamps/lighting equipment used in

homes, medical facilities, offices, road and

street lighting; airports and landing strips;

theatres and stadiums, cars/transportation,

decoration, emergency lighting, etc.

Light management systems help switch

lights on and off and regulate levels of

lighting depending on weather and time

of day. They can significantly reduce

energy waste. IEC TCs 23 and 47 provide

the Standards that apply to electronically

activated switches and sensors.

21


IEC 60364-7-714 and IEC 60364-7-715 Lighting installations

IEC 60598-2-3 Luminaires for road and street lighting

IEC 60929 Normal and compact fluorescent lamps

IEC 60968 Controlgear for fluorescent, high intensity discharge lamps, halogen, LED modules


IEC 61167 Metal halide lamps

IEC 61347 series LED lamp controlgear AC and DC

IEC 61821 Airport lighting




IEC 61951 series Batteries (Flashlights)


IEC TS 62257 series Solar lanterns

IEC 62341 series OLED displays

IEC 62442 series Controlgear for fluorescent, high intensity discharge lamps, halogen, LED modules



IEC 62722 series Luminaire performance

IEC TR 62750 Controlgear for fluorescent, high intensity discharge lamps, halogen, LED modules


IEC 62922 OLED displays

IEC 63044 series Home and building electronic systems

Lamps and lighting

22

Consumer goods

IEC Technical Committee 59 develops

International Standards that address

the energy efficiency characteristics of

appliances such as dishwashers, laundry

appliances, cooking, cooling and freezing

appliances and many more. Among

other things, these Standards provide

the basis for measuring and testing the

performance and power consumption,

including in standby mode. The work of

IEC TC 59 has markedly helped making

appliances more efficient. For example,

today’s refrigerators use 40% less energy

than they did 15 years ago.

According to a study by McKinsey & Co, the

replacement of old appliances is one of the

most efficient global measures to increase

energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse

gas emissions.

IEC TC 100 provides standard measurement

methods for the power consumption and

energy efficiency of audio, video and

multimedia systems, as well as other

equipment connected to the power mains.

Their scope also includes applications for

home energy management applications.

Often energy efficiency promises of

manufacturers need to be independently

verified. Such testing and verification is

done by independent laboratories, many of

which also participate in IECEE, the global

Conformity Assessment System of the IEC

that takes care of the certification of all

electric and electronic equipment used in

homes, offices and medical environments, to

name but a few.

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IEC 60299 Electric blankets

IEC 60311 Irons and ironing machines

IEC 60350 series Electric cooking appliances and food preparation appliances such as ovens, steam ovens,

grills, hobs, toasters, fryers, coffee makers, etc.

IEC 60379 Electric storage water-heaters

IEC 60436 Dishwashers

IEC 60456 Clothes washing machines, washer-dryers, tumble dryers

IEC 60496 Electric warming plates, kettles, jugs

IEC 60665 Ventilators, fans

IEC 60675 Room heaters

IEC 60705 Microwave ovens

IEC 61254 Electric shavers

IEC 61817 Electric cooking appliances and food preparation appliances such as ovens, steam ovens,

grills, hobs, toasters, fryers, coffee makers, etc

IEC 61855 Electrical hair care appliances

IEC 62018 Information technology equipment, desktop and notebook computers

IEC 62087 series Audio, video, and related equipment

IEC 62301 Standby power consumption of household appliances

IEC 62512 Clothes washing machines, washer-dryers, tumble dryers

IEC 62552 series Refrigerators, freezers and other similar appliances

IEC 62623 Information technology equipment, desktop and notebook computers

IEC 62849 Household robots

IEC 62885 series Vacuum cleaners and cleaning appliances

IEC 62929 Household robots

Performance of household devices, audio and video

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Transportation

Energy savings and increases in efficiency in

transportation can be achieved in a number

of ways.

Vehicles —

All types of engines can be made more

energy efficient. The most significant energy

savings will come from a move to electric

or fuel-cell motors. As explained earlier,

combustion is by definition highly inefficient.

Combustion motors in cars waste over 60%

of fuel.

The work of IEC Technical Committees 21,

23, 69 and 105 support the introduction of

electric, hybrid or fuel-cell vehicles, covering

the full range of relevant electric and

electronic technologies, including batteries

and charging infrastructure.

Electric vehicles are found in many different

applications, including in warehouses and

more recently in airports where they help

guide airplanes to the runway. Such taxi

operations can save up to 4% of aviation

fuel.

All of this helps accelerate the transition

to cleaner more energy efficient transport

systems.

25


IEC 60077 series Railways: electrical and electronic equipment, switchgear, power converters, traction

materials, insulators, overhead contact line systems, electrical connectors, etc.

IEC 60349 series Electric motors for trains and other vehicles

IEC 61881 series Railway capacitors for power electronics

IEC 61992 series Railways: electrical and electronic equipment, switchgear, power converters, traction

materials, insulators, overhead contact line systems, electrical connectors, etc.

IEC 62290 series Urban guided transport management and command/control systems

IEC 62580 series On-board multimedia and telematic subsystems for railways

IEC 62864-1 Onboard energy storage system for hybrid railway applications

IEC 62888 series Energy measurement on board trains

IEC 62924 Energy storage system for DC traction systems

IEC 62928 Onboard traction batteries and auxiliary power supply systems

IEC 63076 Electric equipment in trolley buses

Trains, metros, trolleybuses, cable cars


IEC 60092 series Electrical installations in ships

IEC 60309-5 Ship connectors and ship inlets for low-voltage and high-voltage shore connection systems

IEC 61892 series Electrical installations for mobile and fixed offshore units

IEC 62613 series Ship connectors and ship inlets for low-voltage and high-voltage shore connection systems

IEC/IEEE 80005 series Ship connectors and ship inlets for low-voltage and high-voltage shore connection systems

Shipping


IEC 60095 series Starter, traction or aircraft batteries



IEC 61851 series Electric vehicle conductive charging system

IEC 61980-1 Electric vehicle wireless power transfer systems

IEC 61982 series Electric vehicle batteries and battery swap systems

IEC 62196 series Charging infrastructure for electric vehicles (plugs, sockets, outlets, inlets)

IEC 62282 series Fuel cell technologies

IEC 62576 Capacitors for hybrid vehicles

IEC 62660 series Lithium-ion cells for electric vehicles

IEC 62840 series Electric vehicle batteries and battery swap systems

Electric and other vehicles

Public transport—

IEC TC 9 is tasked with the standardization

of energy management systems in trains,

metros, trams and similar transport

applications. Their work encompasses

systems that assist drivers for optimal driving

in an effort to reduce energy consumption.

They also provide International Standards

that enable the recovery of braking energy,

or on-board energy storage, to name but a

few.

Shipping—

IEC TCs 18 and 23 enable increased energy

efficiency in shipping. Their work supports

the introduction of hybrid and full electrical

propulsion systems.

26

Other energy efficient technologiesThere is a rapidly increasing range of

applications, including in the power sector,

using energy harvesting. This designates

the process of collecting low levels of energy

from sources such as ambient or waste

heat, solar, thermal and kinetic energy and

converting it into electrical energy. This

trend is driven by sensors and wireless

communication devices which increasingly

aim to run independently from an external

power source. Most kinetic-based energy

harvesting systems depend on piezoelectric

transducers. International Standards for

these are developed by IEC Technical

Committee 49.


IEC 60368 series Piezoelectric devices, filters, sensors, etc.

IEC 61261 series Piezoelectric devices, filters, sensors, etc.

IEC 62884 series Measurement techniques of piezoelectric, dieletric and electrostatic oscillators

Other energy efficient technologies

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LEDs, cell phones, PCs or TVs are able

to use direct current. Solar PV generates

direct current and yet – even in rural off-

grid settings – this energy is transformed

into alternating current. This results in

unnecessary efficiency losses.

Low Voltage Direct Current (LVDC) is a low

cost, simple but high-level technology that

promises to bring energy to the millions who

have none. It will help reduce conversion

losses and eliminate the need to build many

power transformers. LVDC will also make it

easier to connect renewable energy.

The IEC is leading efforts to make this

technology safe for use in rural electrification

but also in data centres, hospitals, office

buildings and other domains where a lot of

energy could be used directly without losses

in energy conversion. More information

on IEC work for LVDC can be found on

http://go.iec.ch/seg4

LVDC

http://go.iec.ch/seg4

28

IEC publications

The following table illustrates the role of different types of IEC publications relevant to energy efficiency (non-exhaustive). A single publication can

address more than one energy efficiency aspect. Not all energy efficiency aspects of individual publications have been highlighted.

Topic Energy efficiency aspect Examples publications

Define energy efficiency Define terminology ISO/IEC 13273-1 – Energy efficiency and renewable energy

sources – Common international terminology – Part 1: Energy

efficiency

Define systems boundaries IEC 61800-9-1 – Adjustable speed electrical power drive

systems – Part 9-1: Energy efficiency of power drive systems,

motor starters, power electronics and their driven applications –

General requirements for setting energy efficiency standards for

power driven equipment using the Extended Product Approach

(EPA) and semi analytic model (SAM)

IEC TR 62837 – Energy efficiency through automation systems

Define energy efficiency key

performance indicators (EE KPIs)

IEC 60364-8-1 – Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 8-1:

Energy efficiency

IEC 60034-30-1 – Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-1:

Efficiency classes of line operated AC motors (IE-code)

IEC TS 60034-30-2 – Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-2:

Efficiency classes of variable speed AC motors (IE-code)

IEC TS 60076-20 – Power transformers – Part 20: Energy

efficiency

ISO/IEC 30134 series – Information technology – Data centres –

Key performance indicators

IEC 61800-9-2 – Adjustable speed electrical power drive

systems – Part 9-2: Ecodesign for power drive systems, motor

starters, power electronics & their driven applications – Energy

efficiency indicators for power drive systems and motor starters


Define energy baseline ISO

Define reference applications IEC 60456 – Clothes washing machines for household use –

Methods for measuring the performance

Define reference control strategies IEC TR 62837 – Energy efficiency through automation systems

29

Topic Energy efficiency aspect Examples publications

Measure energy efficiency Define test methods IEC 60034-2-1 – Rotating electrical machines – Part 2-1:

Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from

tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)

Define measurements methods IEC 62442-1 – Energy performance of lamp controlgear – Part 1:

Controlgear for fluorescent lamps – Method of measurement to

determine the total input power of controlgear circuits and the

efficiency of the controlgear

IEC 62301 – Household electrical appliances – Measurement of

standby power

IEC 62018 – Power consumption of information technology

equipment – Measurement methods

IEC 60034-2-1: Rotating electrical machines – Part 2-1:

Standard methods for determining losses and efficiency from

tests (excluding machines for traction vehicles)

Define measurements plans IEC 62888 series – Railway applications – Energy measurement

on board trains

Define classes IEC 60034-30-1 – Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-1:

Efficiency classes of line operated AC motors (IE-code)

IEC 60034-30-2 – Rotating electrical machines – Part 30-2:

Efficiency classes of variable speed AC motors (IE-code)

IEC 61800-9-2 – Adjustable speed electrical power drive

systems – Part 9-2: Ecodesign for power drive systems, motor

starters, power electronics and their driven applications – Energy

efficiency indicators for power drive systems and motor starters

IEC TS 60076-20 – Power transformers – Part 20: Energy

efficiency

Assess energy efficiency Energy audits, benchmarking methods,

energy efficiency evaluation and

investment evaluation

ISO

Improve energy efficiency Energy management system ISO

Design criteria guidelines IEC TS 60034-31 – Rotating electrical machines – Part 31:

Selection of energy-efficient motors including variable speed

applications – Application guide

Application guidelines IEC 60364-8-1 – Low-voltage electrical installations – Part 8-1:

Energy efficiency


Enable energy efficiency Communication ISO/IEC 15067-3 – Information technology – Home electronic

system (HES) application model – Part 3: Model of a demand-

response energy management system for HES

Measurement infrastructure IEC 62974-1 – Monitoring and measuring systems used for data

collection, gathering and analysis – Part 1: Device requirements

30

About the IEC

The IEC, headquartered in Geneva,

Switzerland, is the world’s leading publisher

of International Standards for electrical

and electronic technologies. It is a global,

independent, not-for-profit, membership

organization (funded by membership fees

and sales). The IEC includes 170 countries

that represent 99,1% of world population

and 99,2% of world energy generation.

The IEC provides a worldwide, neutral and

independent platform where 20 000 experts

from the private and public sectors cooperate

to develop state-of-the-art, globally relevant

IEC International Standards. These form

the basis for testing and certification, and

support economic development, protecting

people and the environment.

IEC work impacts around 20% of global

trade (in value) and looks at aspects such

as safety, interoperability, performance

and other essential requirements for a vast

range of technology areas, including energy,

manufacturing, transportation, healthcare,

homes, buildings or cities.

The IEC administers four Conformity

Assessment Systems and provides a

standardized approach to the testing and

certification of components, products,

systems, as well as the competence of

persons.

IEC work is essential for safety, quality and

risk management. It helps make cities

smarter, supports universal energy access

and improves energy efficiency of devices

and systems. It allows industry to consistently

build better products, helps governments

ensure long-term viability of infrastructure

investments and reassures investors and

insurers.

Key figures

170 Members and Affiliates

>200

Technical Committees and

Subcommittees

20 000

Experts from industry, test and research

labs, government, academia and

consumer groups

10 000

International Standards

in catalogue

4

Global Conformity Assessment Systems

>1 million

Conformity Assessment Certificates

issued

>100 Years of expertise

A global network of 170 countries

that covers 99% of world population and

electricity generation

Offers an Affiliate Country Programme

to encourage developing countries to

participate in IEC work free of charge

Develops International Standards and runs

four Conformity Assessment Systems to

verify that electronic and electrical products

work safely and as they are intended to

IEC International Standards represent a

global consensus of state-of-the-art

know-how and expertise

A not-for-profit organization enabling global

trade and universal electricity access

31

IEC Conformity Assessment Systems

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c/o IEC − International Electrotechnical

Commission

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Australia Square, Level 33

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Sydney NSW 2000

Australia

T +61 2 4628 4690

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for North America

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Please visit the IEC website at www.iec.ch

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Further information

32

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