Identity & Current Status of Nomadic / Sedentary Pastoral

Tribes

Nomads

PASTORALISM

Pastoralists are people who owe indigenous herd.

A community whose main source of livelihood are livestock rearing as a culture and in a traditional way with indigenous knowledge & skills. It also

includes those who have been forced out of Pastoralism owing to wrong policies and

development model.

Living a nomadic life . . .

Migration

Migration

Political

Pre Colonial Colonial Post Independence

• Had high important as breeder

• Social,economical & physical exploitation started in some kingdom

• Close to decision makers due to their indigenous knowledge and skills

Lost importance

•Exploitation & ignorance at height

• Lost interest in governance

• No where in the political picture

• Not a “worthy” community for a politician

• State atrocity very high

• Out of political or co-operative movement

Economical (cont.)Issue Pre-Colonial Post-Independence

• Health

• Transfer of

knowledge

• Marketing

• Healthy cattle, at times,

mass deaths

due to unknown illnesses

• Women & Men Had

good indigenous

knowledge and skills

• Milk and other produces

were not sold

• Only excess produces to

be sold

• Poor health of cattle

due to lack of water &

fodder

• No transfer of

indigenous knowledge

• Increased sale of row

milk

EconomicalIssue Pre-Colonial Post-Independence

• Herd-size

• Livestock pattern

• Grazing practices

• Breeding practices

• More than 100 cows, camels

• Cow>Camel>Goat>Sheep>

Buffalo

• Social norms for grazing (when, where, how)

• Good and sufficient grazing land

• Janada system

• Selection of breed, exchange of bull

•15 –25 animals

•Sheep>Goat>Buffalo>Cow>Camel

• No access and control over CPRs

• Degraded and declining grazing land.

•Legal Land grabbing

• focused on cross breeds, loss of indigenous breeds

Pastoralism Vs Capitalism

• Living together• Unity• Interdependence• Common Property• Sharing of Knowledge and

resources• High Ethical values • Customary Institutions• Gender equity• sustainable • Concept of conservation

• Nuclear living• Highly competitive• Dependency/ independent • Centralization of property• Copy -Pattern rights,

• Lack of ethical and moral values

• Very strong Patriarchy• Exploitative life style• Just Consume

Major problems experienced by the

Pastoralists • Non-recognition of Pastoral land rights & Pastoralism -No grazing policy - largest live-stock in the world• Incorrect classification of land use by government • Identity crisis (Ration, electoral card, birth certificate, own

village• Livelihood threats - Reduced Pastures

- Enclosure of migratory routes - Forests enclosure

      - Expansion of irrigated agriculture, green revolution     - Breakdown of self governance• Forced Sedentary life.• Atrocity against pastoralist (criminal, illegal grazer, anti-social).

Major Problems (Cont.)   • No access to Govt. services• “Non useful” animals • Lack of support for input and output market • Lack of linkages with outside world and access to

information• Urban Pastoralists face severe difficulties as they

and their settlement are considered a hurdle in the development of urban areas

Pastorlists coming together

Pastoral in action

• Pastoral Parliament/ PPM

• Jay Maldhari/Pastoral pride

• Land right movement

• Joining hand with other marginalized

• Policy research-advocacy

• Strengthening customary institution

• Direct action to reclaim grazing lands

Socio-Cultural (Cont.)Pre Colonial Colonial Post Independence

• Dignity of life

• Strong ethical values

• Women were part of decision making process in customary institution

• Traditional Jewelry and clothes showed the richness of culture

Lost confidence Degradation of values Women excluded from the formal structure

• Lost dignity

• Losing ethical values

•Women left out of most decision making processes

• Traditional practices left behind with modernization

Socio-CulturalPre Colonial Colonial Post Independence

• Interdependent

• social status

• Very strong value based customary leadership (men and women)

• Tradition to support others

• beginning of dependence

• Declining social status

• Decline of customary institution

• Dependent on others

• Lower/No social status

• Weakening customary institution, plays very limited role only in socio-cultural aspect