Identification Simplified

What we need ?

a method to identify individuals which is -

What we need ?

Secure

What we need ?a method to identify individuals which is -

Secure

Convenient

What we need ?a method to identify individuals which is -

How do we do that ?

ID Cards & Smart Cards

How do we do that ?

RFID Cards

How do we do that ?

• RFID – Radio Frequency Identification

Passwords

How do we do that ?

Wrist Bands

How do we do that ?


Wrist Bands too !!Wrist Bands

Passwords

RFID Cards

How do we do that ?

Wrist Bands


Passwords

RFID Cards

Wow! So many ways to identify

people! what could be wrong?

How do we do that ?

What’s wrong with all that ?

ID Cards

Smart Cards

RFID Cards

Wrist Bands

Can be Stolen!


Easily Duplicated

Have got Limits

BG107CS***Allocates from

BG107CS000 to BG107CS999

Total 1000 students!

Passwords


Passwords Easily Forgotten


Passwords

Needs to be Changed

Easily Forgotten


Passwords

Needs to be Changed

Easily Forgotten

The Password Is "Expensive“

It typically costs a company $10 to $13 to reset an employee password, according to Forrester

Research


The answer to all this…

Lies Within Us!

The answer to all this…

In the form of Biometrics


Biometrics is the study ofcomputerized methods to

identify a person by their

uniquephysical or behavioural

characteristics

What’s in store for you?

Iris Recognition

What’s in store for you?

Voice Recognition

Fingerprint Authentication

Face Recognition

Other Types

Iris Recognition

S. Supraja

The Basics

Iris Recognition

The Basics

Iris Recognition

• Colored portion of the eye

• Unique •Single enrollment for a lifetime

• Can be used with glasses or contacts

The Process

Iris Recognition

1. Image Acquisition

The Process

Iris Recognition

1. Image Acquisition2. Iris Definition

The Process

Iris Recognition

1. Image Acquisition2. Iris Definition3. Field Optimization

The Process

Iris Recognition

1. Image Acquisition2. Iris Definition3. Field Optimization4. Image Analysis

Iris Code Comparison

Iris Recognition

Iris Code Comparison

Iris Recognition

Mismatch = (204/2048)*100 = 10%

It’s Fool-Proof

Iris Recognition

• 65.8% match• Un-modifiable• Pupil Dilation• No replacement

for a live eye

Voice Recognition

“Voice verification required.”

“My voice is my password.Give me access.”

“Voice Print verified. Identity confirmed.

Access Granted.”

Sahana V.

Voice Recognition

Approach

Voice Recognition

Approach

Voice Recognition

Time

Fre

qu

en

cy D

om

ain

Waveform

1. Text dependent-hidden markov model

2. Text independent-vector quantization

How is it done ?

Voice Recognition

How is it done ?

Voice RecognitionA

mp

litu

de

Time

Two Waveforms of same word

•Waveform - the shape of a wave illustrated graphically

• Amplitude - displacement of a periodic wave

How is it done ?

Voice RecognitionA

mp

litu

de

Time

Are Different

“Sample”

Two Waveforms of same word

“Sample”

How is it done ?

Voice RecognitionFr

eq

ue

ncy

Time

“Sample” “Sample”

But the Frequency-Time plots

•Frequency - The number of occurrences of an event within a given interval

How is it done ?

Voice RecognitionFr

eq

ue

ncy

Time

Look Similar

“Sample” “Sample”

But the Frequency-Time plots

Applications

Voice Recognition

1. Voice recognition for Authentication1. Single pass phrase system2. Text prompt system3. Verification integrated in a dialogue system

Applications

Voice Recognition

1. Voice recognition for Authentication1. Single pass phrase system2. Text prompt system3. Verification integrated in a dialogue system

2. Voice recognition for SurveillanceForensic Voice Recognition

Face Recognition

Pooja Sastry

Features

Face Recognition

• Facial Features are Unique

Features

Face Recognition

• Facial Features are Unique• Passive Biometrics

Features

Face Recognition

• Facial Features are Unique• Passive Biometrics• Already Widespread

Features

Face Recognition

• Facial Features are Unique• Passive Biometrics• Already Widespread• Inexpensive

Categories

Face Recognition

Categories

Face Recognition

1. Face Geometry

Categories

Face Recognition

1. Face Geometry2. Facial Thermograms

Categories

Face Recognition

1. Face Geometry2. Facial Thermograms3. Eigen Face Method

Categories

Face Recognition

1. Face Geometry2. Facial Thermograms3. Eigen Face Method4. Template Based

Process

Face Recognition

Process

Face Recognition

Detection

Process

Face Recognition

Alignment & Measurement

Process

Face Recognition

Representation & Matching

Process

Face Recognition

Identity Confirmed

Identification

Face Recognition

WHO AM I?

Verification

Face Recognition

AM I WHO I SAY I AM ?


S. Krithika

Features


•Ridges, Valleys

Features


•Ridges, Valleys

Features


Ridges

Valleys

•Ridges, Valleys•Dark lines - Ridges •Brighter lines -Valleys

Features


Ridges

Valleys

Discriminating Information


Discriminating Information


1. Ridge Termination

2. Ridge Bifurcation

Authentication Procedure




Two essential procedures

• Enrollment

• Authentication



Classified roughly as• Optical• Non-Optical

Image Acquisition



• Direct• Feature or Minutia based

Feature Extraction



• 1 : 1 Matching

• 1 : N Matching

Matching

Applications


Applications


• Biometric Smart Gun

Applications


• Biometric Smart Gun• Olympic Summer Games - Athens, Greece 2004

Drawback


Drawback


• Skin Diseasesprevent normal formation

• Magali (Naegeli) syndrome

• The HuangTienfamily in Taiwan

Other Types

Subhash Choudhary

Palm/Hand Geometry

Other Types

Palm/Hand Geometry

Other Types

• Full-Hand Geometry

Palm/Hand Geometry

Other Types


• Two Finger Scan

Palm/Hand Geometry

Other Types


• Two Finger Scan

Image Acquisition

Palm/Hand Geometry

Other Types


• Two Finger Scan

Image Acquisition Outline

Palm/Hand Geometry

Other Types


• Two Finger Scan

Image Acquisition Outline Geometry

DNA

Other Types

DNA

Other Types

• Requires Actual Physical Sample

DNA

Other Types


• Not fully automated

DNA

Other Types



• Expensive

DNA

Other Types



• Expensive

• Privacy Issues

Gait

Other Types

Gait

Other Types

• Study of AnimalLocomotion

Gait

Other Types


• Helps Athletes

Gait

Other Types


• Helps Athletes

• Standard Camera – any condition

Gait

Other Types


• Helps Athletes

• Standard Camera – any condition

• Identification at a Distance

Skin Reflection

Other Types

Skin Reflection

Other Types

• Absorption Spectrum of Skin varies

Skin Reflection

Other Types


• LEDs send Light into Skin

Skin Reflection

Other Types


• LEDs send Light into Skin

• Photodiodes read reflected light

Future of Biometrics

Ratnala Srikanth

The Past & The Present

Security & Privacy

Biometrics in Action

Cost & Accuracy

Future of Biometrics

Biometric Systems must be Fool-Proof

Security & Privacy

Security of Collected Biometric Data

Biometrics In Action

Immigration Control


Immigration Control

Biometric Data is embedded in UK Passports


Transactional Authentication


Transactional Authentication

A Biometric ATM in Malawi (South Africa)


Computer Security


Computer Security

Finger Scan In Modern Laptops


Smart Doors


Smart Doors

A New way for Physical Access Control


Time and Attendance


Time and Attendance

A New Tamper-Proof way…


More Accuracy = More Cost

Cost & Accuracy

Conclusion

End of Paper based Identity

Conclusion

End of Identity Theft

Conclusion

Comfortable life + Improved Security

Helps us Fight Terrorism

Saves Time

Reduces Expenditure on Security

Conclusion

We need to -

Conclusion

• do Research in Biometrics• bring Awareness amongst people• Be ready for the change• Bring about a change• Become Smart

Further Reading• Paul Reid . Biometrics for Network Security . Prentice Hall PTR . December 30, 2003

• Nalini K Ratha . Advances in Biometrics . Springer . 2007

• Biometrics Consortium -•http://www.biometrics.org/resources.php

• Biometrics Products –http://www.biometricsproducts.com/

• Introduction to Biometrics -http://biometrics.gov/ReferenceRoom/Introduction.aspx

Thank You!

Abhishek Mishra S. Krithika

Pooja Sastry

S. Supraja

Subhash Choudhary

Ratnala Srikanth

Sahana V.

Questions ?

Identification Simplified - An Introduction to Biometrics

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