Identification of Requirements related to the use of a...

IDENTIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS

RELATED TO THE USE OF A WIRELESS

HANDHELD TOOL FOR A COMMANDER

Stéphane Fortin

Prepared by:

DMR Consulting, a division of Fujitsu Consulting (Canada) Inc.Place Iberville Trois, 2960 Boulevard LaurierBureau 400, Sainte-Foy (Québec) G1V 4S1

Document control number: JCDS-CTB-232-0232 Contract No.: W7701-5-4996, RFQ 72864

Scientific Authority: Normand Pageau (418) 844-4000 Ext. 4674Micheline Bélanger (418) 844-4000 Ext. 4734

Defence R&D Canada – ValcartierContract Report

DRDC Valcartier CR 2009-119January 2008

The scientific or technical validity of this Contract Report is entirely the responsibility of the contractor and thecontents do not necessarily have the approval or endorsement of Defence R&D Canada.

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IDENTIFICATION OF REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO THE USE OF A WIRELESS HANDHELD TOOL FOR A

COMMANDER January 2008

This work was performed under contract to the

Department of National Defence Contract number: W7701-5-4996, RFQ 72864

DRDC Scientific Authority: Normand Pageau Fujitsu Project Manager: Stéphane Fortin

And prepared by

DMR Consulting, a division of Fujitsu Consulting (Canada) Inc. Place Iberville Trois, 2960, boulevard Laurier Bureau 400, Sainte-Foy (Québec) G1V 4S1

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History Version Description Author Date

0.1 Initial draft Stéphane Fortin 2008-01-14 1.0 Final Stéphane Fortin 2008-02-25

NOTES

This document and the information it contains is disclosed in confidence for defence information purposes only, with no disclosure to others or any other use (including manufacturing use) to be made without the written permission of the Canadian Department of National Defence. This document contains proprietary information.

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Table of Content

1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 5

2 WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS TREND................................................................................... 6

3 TECHNOLOGY DOMAINS ............................................................................................................. 8

3.1 MICROSOFT WINDOWS MOBILE BASED TECHNOLOGIES.................................................................... 8 3.1.1 Market trend ........................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.2 Windows Mobile comparative table ..................................................................................... 10 3.1.3 Windows Mobile software..................................................................................................... 13

3.1.3.1 Email ............................................................................................................................................... 13 3.1.3.2 Office suite ...................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1.3.3 File Management............................................................................................................................. 15 3.1.3.4 Backup ............................................................................................................................................ 16 3.1.3.5 Security ........................................................................................................................................... 17 3.1.3.6 Chat ................................................................................................................................................. 19 3.1.3.7 Web browsing ................................................................................................................................. 20

3.2 OPEN SOURCE BASED TECHNOLOGIES............................................................................................. 20 3.2.1 Market trend ......................................................................................................................... 21 3.2.2 Open Source comparative table............................................................................................ 21 3.2.3 Open Source software solutions ........................................................................................... 23

3.2.3.1 Commercialised Open Source solution ........................................................................................... 24 3.2.3.2 Open Source promising solutions.................................................................................................... 24

3.3 UMPC (ULTRA MOBILE PC) BASED TECHNOLOGIES ...................................................................... 25 3.3.1 UMPC comparative table ..................................................................................................... 25 3.3.2 UMPC choices explanation .................................................................................................. 27

3.4 OTHER SOLUTIONS CONSIDERED ..................................................................................................... 28 3.4.1 Other solutions comparative table........................................................................................ 28 3.4.2 BlackBerry Curve 8320 ........................................................................................................ 30 3.4.3 Apple iPhone......................................................................................................................... 31

3.5 EXISTING MILITARY GRADE MOBILE SOLUTIONS ............................................................................ 31

4 TECHNOLOGY RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................... 33

5 INFORMATION EXCHANGE POSSIBILITIES......................................................................... 37

5.1 VOICE ............................................................................................................................................. 37 5.2 NOTIFICATION................................................................................................................................. 37

5.2.1 Emails ................................................................................................................................... 37 5.2.2 RSS (Real Simple Syndication) ............................................................................................. 38

5.3 SITUATION AWARENESS ................................................................................................................. 39 5.3.1 Command View Portal.......................................................................................................... 39 5.3.2 Planning Data....................................................................................................................... 39

5.4 PLANNING DOCUMENTS.................................................................................................................. 39 5.4.1 Supporting, Input and Output ............................................................................................... 40

5.5 INSTANT MESSAGING...................................................................................................................... 40 5.5.1 Chat ...................................................................................................................................... 40

5.6 COMMANDER PLANNING STATUS ................................................................................................... 40 5.6.1 CCIR, Intent, Authorized movement, Guidance, etc. ............................................................ 40

6 CHOSEN TECHNOLOGY.............................................................................................................. 41

6.1 HARDWARE..................................................................................................................................... 41 6.1.1 Equipment acquisition .......................................................................................................... 42

6.2 MICROSOFT WINDOWS MOBILE EMBEDDED CAPABILITIES ............................................................. 42

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6.2.1 PIM (Personal Information Manager) ................................................................................. 43 6.2.2 Internet (Browsing, Email, Chat) ......................................................................................... 43 6.2.3 Office suite............................................................................................................................ 43

6.3 3RD-PARTY SOFTWARE SOLUTIONS CHOSEN ..................................................................................... 43 6.3.1 Internet (Browsing, Email, Chat) ......................................................................................... 43 6.3.2 File Management.................................................................................................................. 44 6.3.3 Backup .................................................................................................................................. 44

7 INFORMATION EXCHANGE ASSESSMENTS ......................................................................... 45

7.1 EMAIL ............................................................................................................................................. 45 7.1.1 Observations......................................................................................................................... 45

7.2 COMMANDVIEW PORTAL................................................................................................................ 45 7.2.1 Observations......................................................................................................................... 45

7.3 COPLANS ....................................................................................................................................... 46 7.3.1 Observations......................................................................................................................... 46

7.3.1.1 COPlanS mobile.............................................................................................................................. 46 7.4 CHAT .............................................................................................................................................. 50

7.4.1 Observations......................................................................................................................... 51

8 NOTES............................................................................................................................................... 52

8.1 ACRONYMS ..................................................................................................................................... 52 8.2 GLOSSARY ...................................................................................................................................... 52

9 REFERENCES.................................................................................................................................. 53

10 ANNEXES ......................................................................................................................................... 56

10.1 ANNEX A ................................................................................................................................... 56 10.1.1 Windows Mobile devices detailed comparative table ...................................................... 56 10.1.2 Open Source based devices detailed comparative table .................................................. 59 10.1.3 UMPC devices detailed comparative table...................................................................... 62 10.1.4 Other devices detailed comparative table........................................................................ 66

10.2 ANNEX B.................................................................................................................................... 70 10.2.1 Wireless Handheld Demo ................................................................................................ 70 10.2.2 Installation and configuration guide................................................................................ 70

TABLES

Table 1Windows Mobile devices comparative table ........................................................ 11 Table 2 Open Source devices comparative table .............................................................. 22 Table 3 UMPC devices comparative table........................................................................ 25 Table 4 Other solutions devices comparative table .......................................................... 28 Table 5 Microsoft Windows Mobile: Strengths and Limitations ..................................... 34 Table 6 Palm OS: Strengths and Limitations.................................................................... 34 Table 7 RIM OS: Strengths and Limitations .................................................................... 34 Table 8 Symbian OS: Strengths and Limitations.............................................................. 35

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1 Introduction In today’s reality, technologies guide or influence the way we do business. We have entered the the technology era where information is to be available everywhere at any time. In a military context where commanders have to move regularly out of their office, we see an increasing need for mobile technologies allowing them to keep the Canadian Forces (CF) working. Based on that principle, this study’s goal is to ultimately identify the requirements for the use of a wireless handheld tool for commanders.

This report aims at providing, in the first place, a description of the wireless handheld (cellphones and smartphones) domain and the trends. This will then be followed by a comparative study of the various wireless handheld tools available on the market. Each technology will be described and commented before presenting a comparative table. These technologies will be evaluated based on their portability, versatility and expendability. For each of them, comments will be made with regards to security which is a major factor within the Canadian Forces.

Based on the observations made through the comparative study, we will choose one technology that offers the most robust, versatile and flexible solution based on the current technologies and solutions used within the Canadian Forces. We will also take into consideration the trend on the market in order to plan for future technologies and standards.

In order to better support the choices and recommendations made throughout this report, we will discuss the emerging technologies and trend as well as the best business practices based on various research and studies from Gartner and Forrester.

Ultimately, the goal is to provide enough information and proof that wireless handheld tools are rapidly taking over and soon, they will be part of our daily reality. In this particular case, we are keeping in mind the work and situation of commanding officers that have multiple responsibilities and tasks to achieve in parallel. For this reason, it is impossible for one individual to be in many places at the same time to handle various tasks concurrently. This document will act as a proof of concept where we demonstrate that a commanding officer could very well interact with systems, taking part of collaborative planning and/or situational awareness all while not necessarily being physically in the operation center.

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2 Wireless communications trend Wireless communications have become one of the “hottest” and most discussed subjects in 2007. It is already expected that its importance will be growing tremendously in 2008 and 2009. This is can be confirmed in a Gartner study1 where we are shown statistics and forecasts covering the a period from 2003 up to 2011. The author of the study explains that the mobile devices market will be increasing as we see the penetration rate grow throughout the years. North America is slowly catching up to other countries wireless communications technologies (with regards to cellphone types of technologies).

In Canada, as well as in the United States, we have two major leading technologies with regards to cellphones. There is CDMA (code division multiple access), which is mainly used by Bell Canada and Telus in Canada, while Verizon is the leader in the US. The other leading communication technology is GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) which is used by Rogers in Canada, while AT&T (now merged with Cingular) and T-Mobile are the two leaders on the other side of the border. In the case of CDMA, the data side of the communication is handled through EV/DO (Evolution Data-Optimized) while for GSM, it was handled mainly with GPRS (general packet radio service). Since then, GPRS has been upgraded to EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution) which offered a better bandwidth and speed for emerging portable applications beginning to appear on portable devices. In 2007, the standards for data have changed again for both technologies. For CDMA, they evolved to EV/DO Rev. A which is an improved version of its predecessor. For GSM, the new standard has become HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access). The study was seeing CDMA as being the leading technology, but some major changes happened in 2007. First, there is Apple that entered the cellphone world with the iPhone, where they signed an exclusivity contract initially with Cingular. Before the iPhone was released to the world, AT&T purchased Cingular, making them one of the biggest GSM provider in North America. With that purchased came the contract with Apple for the iPhone. This new revolutionary device provoked a huge influx of new customers driving GSM to a higher level of adoption. Another major event was an announcement from Verizon2 later this year where they said that they were going to migrate to GSM. Although this change won’t really be completed until 2010, it still brings GSM as the top technology not only in North America, but worldwide as it is the most used technology in other developed countries.

Wireless communications are now strongly entering the market. There is a growing need for such solutions as we require fast access to information as well as fast and reliable communications anywhere we are. DragonWave, Redline and First Comm, three Canadian companies organized a conference on “Wireless Microwave” in Ottawa on 5th December 2007. Throughout the various presentations, we learned that wireless communications were being used far more than many would have imagined. Just to name a few, there is PWGSC (Public Works and Government Services Canada), Service Canada Experience and Library and Archives Canada. A lot of people and businesses are still reticent to the idea of implementing and using wireless communications technologies. One of the most recurrent argument is security. Wireless network specialists explained to us at the conference that the new wireless communications means are very secure, even as much as the standard wired networks using CAT5 cables. They explained that what is important is how the network is actually setup. For any official use, like for the federal government and the Canadian Forces, all security policies and measures must be properly put in place. Encryption is a must and is already implemented in the various wireless technologies. As stated and documented by CSE (Communications Security Establishment), the encryption algorithm that should be used for up to SECRET is AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) which is available in various key lenghts (128-bit, 192-bit, 256-bit) For TOP SECRET information, it is required to use the 192 or 256 key lenghts. The implementation of AES in products to be used to national security systems and/or information must be reviewed and certified by NSA (National Security Agency) prior to their acquisition and use3.

1 De la Vergne, Hugues, Forecast: Mobile Devices, North America, 2003-2011, Gartner, 2007. 2 Dano, Mike, Verizon Wireless selects LTE for 4G network, 29 November 2007, RCR Wireless News, http://www.rcrnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071129/FREE/71129001. 3 CNSS, CNSS Policy No. 15, Fact Sheet No. 1, June 2003, http://www.cnss.gov/Assets/pdf/cnssp_15_fs.pdf.

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In terms of possible use for the military, with direct relation to this project, the solutions that should be further investigated are for covering wireless communcation within a single multiple floor building as well as for multiple building setup. One exemple of the “multi-building” setup that was presented to us through the various discussions is the network for the surveillance cameras installed at Tuney’s Pasture in Ottawa. They are actually using a wireless secured network. This comes as a proof that the solutions are there and ready to be used. It’s only a matter of identifying our requirements and then properly implementing the solutions.

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3 Technology Domains For the purpose of this project, we focus on three main technology domains: Microsoft Windows Mobile based, Ultra Mobiles Personal Computers (UMPC) and Open Source based. Addionally, other widely used and/or known devices or technologies are added to the comparative tables as well as considered in the evaluation.

3.1 Microsoft Windows Mobile based technologies Microsoft Windows Mobile is currently the most widely known and used platform for smartphones. It is an offspring of the PocketPC Operating System that was developped specifically for high-end cellphones. Various studies show that the smartphone market is in a constant growth that is not about to stop. IDC expects the global mobile worker population to increase from more than 650 million in 2004 to more than 850 million in 2009, representing more than one-quarter of the worldwide workforce. Such an increase in mobile workers can only drive the demand up, thus encouraging more development for more advanced technologies.

In Canada, we currently have devices running on the two latest versions of the Operating System, which comes in two flavors himself. We have Windows Mobile 5 for Smartphones and PocketPC, and we have Windows Mobile 6 Standard and Professional. Windows Mobile 5 (or Windows Mobile 6 Standard) is a nice platform which offers users with tons of hardware and software possible solutions. The Smartphone edition is for devices that do not have a touchscreen. The PocketPC edition (or Windows Mobile 6 Professional) takes advantage of the touchscreen technology, allowing the user to use a pointing device for more flexibility and control over the various applications.

One of the reasons of for the high popularity of this platform is the core functions where it is provides the user with the ability to synchronize the device with a computer desktop, more specifically Microsoft Outlook. Since Outlook is one of the most used piece of software in offices around the world, it easy to understand how convenient it is to have the calendar, contacts, tasks and even emails, all synchronized on a portable device allowing people to have quick access to their information while on the move. This synchronization process happens through software from Microsoft called Activesync.

The development environment of Windows Mobile is the preferred one for developers as it is the easiest of them all to use. It supports Java, but in its Mobile Edition version. It also supports “.NET” which is a very popular solution, but once again in its compact version which can be obtained directly on Microsoft’s website. These mobile edition are for the time being as it has been announced by a Sun Microsystems representative that the new mobile devices are becoming powerful enough that it will be possible to run the regular edition of the runtime environments. There are no such announcements on Microsoft’s part yet, but it is to be expected that if Sun Microsystems are to take such a decision, they’ll follow with the “.NET” Framework.

3.1.1 Market trend Microsoft Windows Mobile is becoming one of the preferred solutions with Research In Motion (RIM) BlackBerry solution as its main competitor in the business world. Windows Mobile 6 (WM6) is being distributed on many devices since it launched, either by default or as a free upgrade provided via a downloaded file from the providers website. Windows Mobile is the operating system used on smartphones and cellular PDA’s. Their popularity dramatically increased since RIM has demonstrated how useful it can be to have portable email at any time. This is more or less where the smartphones and cellular PDA’s started gaining momentum in North America. This can be first noticed in a study from Gartner called: “Forecast: Mobile Devices, North America, 2003-2011”4. Microsoft, in 2007, has demonstrated their dedication into becoming one of the major driving forces in the world of PDA’s and smartphones. With the release of their latest mobile operating system, they brought the users with a very suite of applications and functionalities. Among the most important functions and

4 De la Vergne, Hugues, Forecast: Mobile Devices, North America, 2003-2011, Gartner, 2007.

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applications we find the PIM (Personal Information Manager) consisting of the Calendar, a Task List and an Address Book. Added to this is a very solid email application to make this a package giving users a fully portable version of Microsoft Outlook. In order to better compete with RIM, Microsoft has also worked on their server side software solutions through The Messaging and Security Feature Pack (MSFP) and Exchange Server 2003 SP 2 where they can provide users of Windows Mobile 5 and above with Direct Push technology. This has also been directly tested and evaluated against RIM BlackBerry solution through a study produced by Wipro Product Strategy & Architecture Practice, sponsored by Microsoft. The study, titled “TCO Comparison of Enterprise Mobile Solutions: RIM BlackBerry 4.X and Windows Mobile 5.0 MSFP”5, shows a lower TCO (Total Cost of Ownership) with the Microsoft based solution compared to the RIM BlackBerry solution. Although the study bases itself on Windows Mobile 5, they explain that this previous version of the operating system is is very similar to the latest version. The conlcusion they come to puts the Microsoft Windows Mobile solutions ahead of the RIM BlackBerry as of mid-2007. After all the researches conducted for this project, I came to the same conclusions which are explained in details later in this document. The Wipro study conclusions clearly states:

“The RIM BlackBerry 4.X solution provides users with the appropriate functionality to manage email and PIM data from a mobile device. The RIM BES application includes a comprehensive set of functions and controls for deploying and managing BlackBerry devices and users. The functionality and manageability of this platform enabled the RIM BlackBerry 4.X solution to take the early lead in mobile email technology.

However, with the introduction of Windows Mobile platforms, 5.0 MSFP and 6.0, and Exchange Server 2003 SP2, Microsoft has leveled the technology playing field.

Enterprises planning to deploy mobile solutions should consider the following:

• The Microsoft solution will minimize both startup and ongoing operational costs as it leverages existing Exchange Server 2003 infrastructure and IT knowledge.

• The Microsoft solution provides more options from third party applications and enables more rapid application development leveraging the .Net environment.

• The Microsoft solution will scale up to support the growth of mobile users within the existing Exchange Server 2003 environment without the need to continually acquire, install and manage additional infrastructure components.”

Another proof of Microsoft’s dedication to provide solid solutions for the new emerging mobile industry is the upcoming release of their System Center Mobile Device Manager 20086. This new solution will bring a much better seurity and management functions. They add a focus on data sensitivity and the use of recognized communications security solutions as shown in these diagrams taken from a document on Microsoft’s website7.

5 Wipro Product Strategy & Architecture Practice, TCO Comparison of Enterprise Mobile Solutions: RIM BlackBerry 4.X and Windows Mobile 5.0 MSFP, study sponsored by Microsoft, June 2007, http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/b/d/cbdc18d1-1a01-4736-a557-08474ec73443/TCO_Comparison_Enterprise_Mobile_Solutions_Windows_Mobile_and_RIM.docx. 6 Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft® System Center Mobile Device Manager 2008, http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/mobiledevicemanager/default.mspx. 7 Microsoft Corporation, Overview Microsoft® System Center Mobile Device Manager 2008, http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/b/d/cbdc18d1-1a01-4736-a557-08474ec73443/Overview-MSC_Mobile_Device_Manager2008.pdf.

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Figure 1 Microsoft System Center Mobile Device Manager 2008 - Device Management

Figure 2 Microsoft System Center Mobile Device Manager 2008 - Mobile VPN

3.1.2 Windows Mobile comparative table

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The following figure displays the comparative table for three Windows Mobile based devices that are part of the best selection available in Canada at the end of September 2007.

Table 1Windows Mobile devices comparative table Devices

Description HTC Excalibur (S621) HTC Mogul Palm Treo 750 Company / Distributor / Carrier

High Tech Computer Corp. (HTC) / - / Rogers

High Tech Computer Corp. (HTC) / - / Telus (HTC P4000) and Bell (HTC 6800)

Palm Inc. / - / Rogers

Dimensions 4.4 x 2.5 x 0.5 (111.5 x 62.5 x 13 mm)

4.3 x 2.3 x 0.7 (110 x 59 x 18.5 mm) 4.4 x 2.3 x 0.9 (111 x 58 x 22 mm)

Display resolution

Color, 65 536 colors, 320 x 240 pixels



Extended Specs Operating System

Windows Mobile 5 Smartphone Edition (upgradable to WM6 Standard)

Windows Mobile 5 (upgradable to WM6 Professional)

Windows Mobile 6 Professional

Processor TI's OMAP™ 850, 201 MHz

QUALCOMM® MSM7500, 400MHz

300MHz Samsung processor

Connectivity Data GPRS/EDGE

(850/900/1800/1900) CDMA2000 1xRTT/1xEV-DO rev.0/1xEV-DO rev.A

GPRS/EDGE/UMTS (850/900/1800/1900/2100)

Max Speed 384.00 Internet Browsing

WAP 2.0 WAP 2.0 / HTML

Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Mobile Bluetooth Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Profiles Headset (HSP)

/ Handsfree (HFP) / Generic Object Exchange (GOEP) / File Transfer (FTP) / Object Push (OPP) / Generic Access (GAP) / Serial Port (SPP) / Service Discovery Application (SDAP) / Public Area Network (PAN) / Human

Features Stereo Profiles Headset (HSP) / Handsfree (HFP) / Dial-up networking (DUN) / Object Push (OPP) / Generic Access (GAP) / Human Interface Device (HID) / Generic Audio/Video Distribution (GAVDP) / Advanced Audio Distribution (A2DP) / Audio/Visual Remote

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Interface Device (HID) / Generic Audio/Video Distribution (GAVDP) / Advanced Audio Distribution (A2DP) / Personal Area Networking Profile (PAN) / SIM Access (SAP)

Control Profile (AVRCP)

Wireless LAN 802.11b / 802.11g 802.11b / 802.11g X Computer Synchronization

Yes Yes Yes

Input Full Keyboard QWERTY QWERTY (sliding down) QWERTY Touch Screen X Yes with stylus and handwriting

recognition Yes with stylus and handwriting recognition

Memory Memory 128 MB ROM; 64 MB

RAM X X

Memory Expansion

microSD (T-Flash) microSD (T-Flash) miniSD

Messaging Text Send/Receive

Yes Yes Yes

Instant Messaging

Yes

E-mail IMAP / POP3 / SMTP IMAP / POP3 / SMTP / Microsoft Exchange / Lotus Domino

IMAP / POP3 / SMTP

Organizer Alarm Yes Yes Yes Calendar Yes Yes Yes Calculator Yes Yes Yes To-Do Yes Yes Yes Other X Notes Notes

Software Applications Microsoft ActiveSync,

ClearVUE Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF)

Microsoft Office Word Mobile, Office Excel® Mobile, Office PowerPoint® Mobile, Office Outlook® Mobile, Internet Explorer Mobile, Windows Media Player 10 Mobile, ActiveSync, Pocket MSN®, PDF Viewer

Picsel PDF Viewer, Palm Desktop

Voice Dialing Yes Yes Yes Commands X Yes Yes Recording Yes Yes Yes Speaker Phone Yes Yes Yes

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3.1.3 Windows Mobile software The Microsoft Windows Mobile platform has a very large selection of software offered through various channels. The first advantage contributing to this platforms popularity is the low price tag of each 3rd-party applications. In a mobile professional user context, such as a commander, we can think of productivity tools such as office applications, file management, encryption, archiving, backup, security, chat and web browsing.

3.1.3.1 Email For email, Windows Mobile comes with it a built-in client, but as can be expected, it comes with some limitations. It will allow to get emails via POP3 or IMAP and the Direct Push if used in conjunction with a MS Exchange 2003 SP2 server. But for a full fledged email client that will support all of those functions plus the ability to read HTML based emails, filter, search, reduce data traffic on limited bandwidth connections, FlexMail 2007 from WebIS8 is the better choice. It also supports “flagging” of emails as well as accepting and rejecting meeting requests, where they get automatically added to the built-in calendar application. This really brings the full Microsoft Outlook feeling and experience to the Windows Mobile platform.

8 WebIS, FlexMail 2007, http://www.pocketinformant.com/products_info.php?p_id=mail&tab_id=mail.

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3.1.3.2 Office suite For the smartphone edition, the most powerful office application is Dataviz Documents To Go 3. This suite provides a complete portable office suite supporting all Microsoft office documents including Word, Excel and PowerPoint, and also included is a PDF reader and a ZIP archive manager. With Documents To Go, you can view, edit and create documents. It is the only mobile solution that currently offers full support of Microsoft Office 2007 format (for viewing, editing and creating documents). The other added value to this software solution is the InTact Technology. Dataviz describes this feature as follow:

DataViz has developed a new technology to make document editing as accurate on mobile devices as it is on desktops and laptops. DataViz InTact Technology™, embedded in its established Documents To Go® software suite, preserves original document formatting on handhelds by intelligently disassembling and reassembling them to fit on handheld devices. InTact Technology “remembers” ALL the original formatting of a given document, and maintains the document’s fidelity until it reaches its destination.9

For the PocketPC edition, there is SoftMaker Office 2006 for Pocket PCs which offers the most powerful solution for viewing, editing and creating Microsoft Office files (Word and Excel) without restrictions. The suite is also offered for the desktop version of Microsoft Windows and even Linux, making it very easy to exchange and interoperate will all systems without the risk of losing information or data.

9 DataViz, InTact Technology™: Cutting the Last Tie Holding the Wireless Office to the Desktop, http://www.dataviz.com/products/documentstogo/winmobile/intact.html.

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There is also the built-in Microsoft Office Mobile that comes by default with Windows Mobile 6, or can be baught seperately for Windows Mobile 5 devices. It includes Microsoft Word Mobile, Excel Mobile and PowerPoint Mobile. Each of them even support the new MS Office 2007 file format, providing much better compatibility overall. They all allow the user to edit and create files, but with limited functionality. For more advanced capabilities closer to the desktop experience, the other commercial solutions should be considered (but only if advanced document editing is required and/or foreseen).

3.1.3.3 File Management For File Management, the most popular solution, winner of the first place in the Smartphone and Pocket PC Magazine evaluation in 2006 for both smartphone and PocketPC platforms, is Resco Explorer. This utility offers a very intuitive interface that will be very familiar to any Microsoft Windows users.

On both Windows Mobile Smartphone and PocketPC edition, it offers the file manager with various view options. It includes strong file encryption with strong algorithms such as RC2-128, DES-56, 3DES TWO KEY-112, 3DES-168. It also includes ZIP compression as well as ZIP/RAR decompression. There is also a built-in viewer for files in TXT, BIN or HEX format,

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as well as JPEG, GIF, BMP and PNG graphic formats. Finally, there is a Recycle Bin manager allowing an “undelete” option, an FTP Explorer, a Registry Editor as well as capability to exchange files via Bluetooth.

3.1.3.4 Backup For backup, the best solution is Sprite Backup. This software solution is offered for both the Smartphone and PocketPC editions. It provides capabilities such as regular backups, scheduled backups, remote backups, self-extracting backups, automatic backup file management, backup to storage card, restore to different device and support for Windows Mobile 6 storage card encryption.

Sprite Software, which are behind the known solution Symantec Ghost, also offer a cloning solution called Sprite Clone for mobile deployment.

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3.1.3.5 Security For security, there are numerous solutions which offer similar capabilities. What is recommended for mobile devices security is the ability to minimize the loss of data, the leak of information and possibility to recover the device. For this purpose, companies have developed solutions that run an invisible process on the mobile devices monitoring for special triggers to activate the security. There could be many software solutions listed, but that would go beyond the spectrum of what this study has to cover. The first solution worth mention is Sprite Terminator, mainly due to the fact this is coming from a well known company in the field of Windows Mobile software. The second solution is Phone Security System by EvenByte Software. The last solution worth mentioning is sCPsOFT remotePROTECT.

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Each of these solutions work the same in general. Once installed, the user (and/or system administrator, ISSO) sets password, keywords, info to be displayed in case of loss and triggers. The password is for preventing a thief or anyone else to be able to simply go in the security application and disable it. The keywords are used with SMS (text messages) where it is possible to send a text message to the lost of stolen device to activate the security to either lock the device, launch an alarm or even wipe all data remotely from the device. The trigger is based on the use of the SIM card. If the SIM card is removed or changed, the security system can be set to activate itself, send an SMS to pre-defined numbers with information about the new SIM card being used or the location where it is being used, and/or even wipe all data from the device. This is a good way to prevent any data loss or leak of information in case of theft.

Also part of the “Security” section, there are solutions for secure data storage and/or management. The first very useful application worth mention is Ilium eWallet 6.010. This can be bought as a bundle under the name of eWallet 6.0 Professional Edition, which consists of both the Windows Mobile and Desktop versions of the software. As per their website description, this solution offers many very useful functions such as:

• government-level encryption - eWallet now uses 256-bit AES FIPS encryption11, the method required by US government agencies

• Save your important data with automatic backups - tell eWallet to create a backup of your wallet file each time you close or lock the program

• Sync securely to remote locations from your desktop eWallet using SFTP synchronization and new remote syncing options

10 Ilium Software, eWallet 6, http://www.iliumsoft.com/site/ew/ewallet.php. 11 NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm Validation List, January 2008, http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cavp/documents/aes/aesval.html.

http://www.iliumsoft.com/site/ew/ew_suptk1a.php#qencr�

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• Keep important documents safe - insert and encrypt files that you can easily extract when you need them

• Protect scanned card images - use an image of your real credit cards, or any card, and eWallet will encrypt those too

The encryption algorithm used is endorsed for use within Government of Canada by CSE (Communications Security Establishment). This provides a very good portable secure information manager.

3.1.3.6 Chat For the chat purpose, there are many software solutions available, but not all of them are thoroughly supported. The most supported solution is called IM+, from Shape Services. This software is a text chat solution allowing the user to connect to MSN®⁄Windows Live Messenger™, AIM®⁄iChat, Yahoo!®, Jabber®, Google® Talk. It also allows the user to connect to Jabber via SSL. It supports group mode and is Digitally signed with Geotrust Global CA certificate.

Another similar solution is called mundu IM. This application does not offer secure chat like IM+ does, but in return it provides the user with the capability to initiate conference chat (even through multiple chat services). It also allows the user to send and receive files, unlike in IM+.

In both cases, the applications work really nicely and support all the same chat protocols. At this stage, unless there is a requirement for secure chat via SSL, it remains a matter of taste.

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3.1.3.7 Web browsing For web browsing, there are not a lot of options, but there are still choices. Windows Mobile comes by default with PocketIE (Pocket Internet Explorer), a simplified version of Microsoft Internet Explorer. It is a good solution for very limited browsing, but nothing advanced. The next solution in line is Opera Mini. This is the free version of the mobile edition of the Opera browser optimized for use on wireless mobile devices. It allows advanced web browsing on any regular web pages and web sites. This software is built in Java, thus require that the mobile device supports it. For the power users and the best browsing experience, there is the Opera Mobile browser. This one is an advanced version optimized for wireless handheld devices. It is optimized for the platform it is installed on and provides the closest experience to desktop computer web browsing. There is an alternative to Opera Mobile called NetFront from Access, but it is not as widely used and it is limited to the PocketPC platform, unlike Opera Mobile which works on Pocket PCs as well as Smartphones.

The Opera web browser is by far the best solution of the crop offering advanced functions bringing the mobile device very close to the desktop experience. The upcoming version 9 of Opera Mobile will also include native support for AJAX and widgets which is a giant step up for mobile devices.

3.2 Open Source based technologies The Open Source movement is a growing force on the market. If Microsoft was the one and only solution before, it is not the case anymore on many occasions. The wireless handheld world is no exception. The community, backed by known companies, has come up with some great ideas and promising projects are now underway. The solutions in two of the three cases that are presented in this study are still under development, one of which is still in its infancy, while the other has already gained a lot of maturity and support. Open source solutions should be kept in mind as they offer the greatest flexibility of all since it is possible to do whatever we may want with the source code being available. That being said, depending on how many people are working on the projects, development can be slow since it is often based on a voluntary base. Nevertheless, those solutions are very interesting and should the source for many more discussions in the short term as the various projects evolve.

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3.2.1 Market trend Open Source based solutions are still scarce on the market in the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and smartphone domain, but this trend is changing rapidly if we only look at everything that’s happened in 2007. First, there are many promising projects that have taken form to produce a new mobile open source platform. Amongst the most notorious ones we find Nokia with the production ready Nokia Internet Tablet. In the next section, we evaluated the N800, but only to discover that Nokia was releasing the new improved version, the N810 which now includes a built-in hardware slide-in keyboard plus other new improved features. There was Trolltech that had been working on a project called the Greenphone, but they announced12 only a few weeks ago that the project was being closed to merge with their main competitor which actually had the same goals, but some new very promising ideas to compete with strong new rivals such as the Apple iPhone. This brings us to the last project considered for the sake of this project, the OpenMoko project. Since they have now joined forces with Trolltech, expectations are becoming very high on the market. Although many things have changed and more may still change in the near future, we are nevertheless evaluating them all on the same level where we took all of their information and achievements at a same period in time. It should be noted that due to their nature, Open Source based projects evolves more rapidly than any of their commercial counterparts in general.

Some people may want to say that this study is missing some crucial data with the arrival of Google on the Open Source from with their release of the “Android13” platform. They will be discussed mainly in this section as they have just entered and don’t have anything released officially on the market. Android will be the software layer on mobile devices that will be able to run on about any devices manufacturers may want to try it on. It is to become a direct competitor to Apple’s iPhone, Microsoft Windows Mobile and BlackBerry ultimately. Android will be very promising and will possibly be adopted much quicker than many may think as there were announcements by the likes of Verizon Wireless which mentioned they would fully support this operating system once it is officially released. Where it will be able to overtake the already very popular iPhone on the consumer market, or manage to treath Microsoft Windows Mobile, remains to be seen.

On thing that is for sure is that there is definitely a growing market and a demand for linux (and open source) based devices. Motorola has come back with a new breed of devices that are based on the Linux operating system. They already cought the attention of many people both on the consumer and business market. An article from Linux.com14 cites a press announcement from Market research firm ABI Research, titled “Linux to Be the Fastest-Growing Smartphone OS over the Next 5 Years”, where they say that by 2012, the growth rate of Linux on mobile devices will account for nearly 31% of all smart devices in the market.

One major advantage the Open Source based projects will keep over the popular Apple iPhone is the security aspect. Linux as always maintained one of the strongest security up until now. Mobile versions such as solutions from MontaVista already support the latest security protocols and standards. For this reason, Open Source solutions should always be kept in mind.

3.2.2 Open Source comparative table The following figure displays the comparative table for three Open Source based devices that are part of the best selection available on the market at the end of September 2007.

12 Linuxdevices.com, RIP Linux "Greenphone", http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS6964769377.html. 13 Open Handset Alliance, Android Overview, http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.html. 14 Shohat, Murry, Linux on cell phones: the trend is up, Linux.com, 17 September 2007, http://www.linux.com/feature/119159.

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Table 2 Open Source devices comparative table Devices

Description FIC Neo1973 Trolltech Qtopia Greenphone Nokia N800 Company / Distributor / Carrier

FIC / - / - Trolltech / - / - Nokia / - / -

Dimensions 120.7 x 62 x 18.5 mm (4.75 x 2.44 x 0.728 inch)

50mm x 107mm x 15mm 75 x 144 x 13(/18) mm (2.95 x 5.7 x 0.5 in.)

Display resolution

Color, 480 x 640 pixels Color, 16 million colors (24 bits), 240 x 320 pixels



OpenMoko (when finished), Qtopia

Qtopia Phone Edition (Linux-based) Internet Tablet OS 2007 edition (Linux-based, Maemo 3.2)

Processor 266MHz Samsung System on a Chip (SOC) (Samsung S3C2410AL-26)

Marvell® PXA270 312 MHz TI Omap 2420 320 Mhz

Connectivity Data 2.5G GSM – quad band,

voice, CSD, GPRS Tri-band (GSM/GPRS 900/1800/1900)

Internet Browsing

WAP 2.0 / HTML WAP 2.0 / HTML HTML

Opera Bluetooth Version 2.0 Version Version 2.0 Profiles Dial-up

Networking, File Transfer, Generic Access, SIM Access, Object Push profile, Human Interface profile, and Serial Port profiles

Wireless LAN X X 802.11b/g Computer Synchronization

Yes Yes Yes

Input Full Keyboard QWERTY (software on-

screen) Phone keypad QWERTY (software on-

screen) Touch Screen Yes (stylus or fingers) Yes with stylus and handwriting


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Memory Memory 128MB SDRAM 64MB RAM & 128MB Flash 128 MB RAM, 256 MB

Flash Memory Expansion

microSD (T-Flash) Mini-SD Two internal memory card slots, compatible with SD, MicroSD, MiniSD, MMC, and RS-MMC. Compatible with cards up to 2GB, total configuration up to 4GB


Yes Yes Yes

Instant Messaging

TBD Yes Yes

E-mail TBD IMAP / POP3 / SMTP IMAP / POP3 / SMTP Organizer

Alarm Yes Yes Yes Calendar Yes Yes Yes Calculator Yes Yes Yes To-Do Yes Yes Yes Stopwatch TBD X X Other TBD X Notes

Phone Book Features Capacity depends on

system memory Capacity depends on system memory

Capacity depends on system memory

Multiple Numbers per Contact

Yes Yes Yes

Picture ID Yes Yes Yes Ring ID Yes Yes Yes

Software Applications TBD Microsoft ActiveSync, ClearVUE

Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF)

Web Browser (Opera) with Flash player , Internet calling with video, Instant Messaging, Email, Media player, Internet Radio, RSS Feed Reader, Application installer, PDF viewer, Sketch, File manager, Backup/restore, Image viewer, Notes, Calculator

Voice Dialing TBD X X Commands TBD X X Recording Yes Yes Yes Speaker Phone Yes X Yes

3.2.3 Open Source software solutions The first devices presented in the comparative table is based on the OpenMoko project which is promising to become the most advanced wireless handheld alternative able to compete with the biggest appearance on the market in 2007, the Apple iPhone (which will be discussed later in this report). In this case, the project wants to present the world with a GSM/GPRS phone in its first edition, offering a large touchscreen display to control the device. The Operating System is based on Linux

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and will therefore make use of many known Open Source applications such as Pidgin (formerly known as GAIM) for multi-protocol chat. The plan in the longer term is to come up with a new phone that will include quad-band GSM/GPRS capability as well as Wi-Fi communication (802.11b / 802.11g), Bluetooth and even possibly with embedded GPS capability. This project is still considered in its pre-alpha stage. It is therefore not recommended to consider and/or use it as a day to day phone. That being said, this project is big and ambitious enough to get the worlds attention. Only the future will be able to tell us how far it will go tough. In the meantime, the project’s team suggests that people who still want to buy a FIC Neo1973 install the Qtopia Operating System to use the device.

Trolltech Qtopia is the other Open Source solution currently on the market for cellphones and smartphones. Unlike OpenMoko, Qtopia is a much more mature project that is already in use in various commercialised products such as the Sony mylo or the Motorola A1200 Ming. This platform is also used in the popular portable multimedia device called the Archos. It is also used by known names such as Fluke Networks, for use in the EtherScope™ Series II Network Assistant, or by Volvo for their Human-Machine Interface (HMI) that bus drivers interact with. The Greenphone, in this case, is more mature than the OpenMoko project, but still has some way to go before the project is deemed production ready. That being said, the curious minds of the world can still get their hands on the device if they are willing to cope with some instability for various functions or limited support for some functions. It would be wise to expect the Greenphone to hit the market before the OpenMoko does.

3.2.3.1 Commercialised Open Source solution The Nokia N800 is one of the prides on the market as it is an Open Source platform running on the Internet Tablet OS 2007, which is based on Linux and the Maemo project. Maemo capitalizes on GTK+/GNOME technologies and the Debian tools. Debian is known as one of the most stable and robust Linux distribution on the market right now. Its popularity is growing exponentially through Ubuntu which has revived the whole project. The Nokia internet tablet features a really nice and solid interface presenting the user with powerful applications such as the Opera browser and the Flash Player. This product is a very inexpensive solution that could be easily exploited for use in environments where Wi-Fi communication is available. This last affirmation is also the one weakness that can prevent the use of such nice tool, as it depends on Wi-Fi for wireless information exchange.

3.2.3.2 Open Source promising solutions It is worth mentioning that there are promising solutions that could help answer some specific needs. MontaVista has announced Mobilinux 5.0. This is a linux based platform that offers some very advanced capabilities. It will be possible to exploit those features in various wireless handheld tools to fulfill some specific requirements such as connectivity and security. The security prowess are one of the features that should be kept in mind by the Canadian Forces as it is based on SELinux which is a solution similar to what was offered in Trusted Solaris from Sun Microsystems. This can also be seriously considered as it is based on work from the National Security Agency (NSA), as stated in this extract from the official website of Mobilinux:

MontaVista Mobilinux 5.0 is the first mobile operating system to include MontaVista MicroSELinux, a miniaturized version of Security-Enhanced Linux (SELinux), developed by the National Security Agency (NSA) to protect the integrity of system software, configuration information, and system logs. MicroSELinux enables a single Mobilinux device to be used by users with different security roles to access multiple kinds of information with different security levels. No one else has put SELinux on a phone. Only Mobilinux 5.0 can provide this degree of protection.15

15 MontaVista, Commercial Linux Development for Wireless Handset and Mobile Devices from MontaVista, http://www.mvista.com/product_detail_mob.php.

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3.3 UMPC (Ultra Mobile PC) based technologies The UMPC is a new comer on the market that has gained a lot of popularity with devices such as the OQO. Those devices have seen the light of day, all thanks to advancements in the field of miniaturization. What they are basically are full fledged computers in an ultra portable form. Of course, the smaller we want to get, the more compromises we have to make most of the time. In this section, three models are compared, chosen due to their price, capabilities and availability. There is one exception which is the OQO model 02, the new generation of OQO. It will be presented in the last section as it is the most expensive solution and also, it was previously tested by DRDC Valcartier with its first generation model.

The UMPC’s offer the easiest platform to deal with as they are all running a full version of Microsoft Windows. The only matters left to worry about at this point are the interface and the security issue depending on how the device is to be used. The table will help compare all devices on a technical point of view.

3.3.1 UMPC comparative table The following figure displays the comparative table for three UMPC devices that are part of the best selection available on the market at the end of September 2007 (except for the HTC Shift which launched on October 1st 2007, but was considered due to its highly advanced capabilities).

Table 3 UMPC devices comparative table Devices

Description ASUS R2Hv Fujitsu Lifebook U810 HTC Shift Company / Distributor / Carrier

ASUS / - / - Fujitsu / - / - High Tech Computer Corp. (HTC) / - / -

Dimensions 234 x 133 x 28 mm (WxDxH)

6.73" (W) x 5.24"~6" (D) x 1.04~1.26" (H) (with the 4-cell battery)

8.1 x 5.1 x 1.0 (207 x 129 x 25 mm)

Display resolution

7" WVGA (800 x 480) 5.6-inch Crystal View WSVGA, 1024 x 600 pixels, Touch screen

Color, TFT, 7 inches, Touch, 800 x 480 pixels


Windows Vista® Business, Windows Vista® Ultimate, Windows Vista® Home Premium

Genuine Windows Vista® Home Premium (or Genuine Windows Vista® Business) (or Genuine Windows® XP Tablet PC Edition 2005)

Microsoft Vista Business OS

Processor / Chipset

Intel® Pentium® M 723, 1GHz, 2MB L2 Cache / Intel® 915GM

Intel® Ultra Mobile platform 2007 Intel® processor A110 (800MHz, 512KB L2 cache, 400MHz FSB) Intel® 945GU Express Chipset Intel® ICH7U I/O Controller Hub

Intel A110 (Stealey) 800 MHz / Qualcomm MSM 7200, 400 Mhz

GPS Yes X Yes

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Security FingerPrint Reader, ASUS Security Protect Manager

User and supervisor BIOS password3, Boot Sector Write Prevention, Fingerprint Sensor, Trusted Platform Module (TPM)

Fingerprint sensor

Connectivity Data On board LAN

10/100Mbps Realtek 8101L 100Base Ethernet GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSD

PA 1.8 Mbit/s/HSDPA 3.6 Mbit/s

Speed - HSDPA: Up to 3.6Mbps for download and 384 kbps for upload - UMTS: Up to 384kpbs for up- and download

Internet Browsing

Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Bluetooth Version 2.0+EDR Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Profiles

Wireless LAN 802.11b / 802.11g 802.11b / 802.11g 802.11b / 802.11g Computer Synchronization

X Yes X

Proprietory R2H Port Bar connector for external hub(S/PDIF, VGA, DC-in, 3 USB, LAN) / VGA function support via VGA Cable

VGA (external display) and RJ45 (LAN) via LAN/VGA adapter connector

VGA out

Input Full Keyboard QWERTY (on-screen

software keyboard), External foldable USB KBD ( optional accessory )

QWERTY (Keyboard with Glide Point: 56 key, 14mm key pitch, 1.3mm key stroke)

QWERTY (slide-out)

Touch Screen Yes with stylus and handwriting recognition;

Yes with stylus and handwriting recognition;

Yes with handwriting recognition

7" active matrix TFT (800x480), Embedded Intel® 915 GM internal GFX

5.6-inch Crystal View WSVGA 1024 x 600 pixels, Integrated Intel® Graphics with 3D Accelerator

7" 800x480 TFT LCD, Intel GMA 950

Memory Memory On board 256MB DDR

533MHz, 1 x SODIMM socket for expansion up to 1280 MB DDRII-667 DRAM support, (1GB installed)

1GB DDR2 400MHz RAM 1024 MB RAM

Memory Expansion

SD 1 x Type I/II CF Card slot 1 x Secure Digital (SD) Card Reader

SD

Hard Disk 1.8" 30/40/60/80 GB 40 GB, 1.8-inch PATA Ultra DMA 100 (4200rpm), S.M.A.R.T. support

1.8" 40GB or 60GB hard disc (60GB option)

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Yes Yes Yes

Instant Messaging

Yes Yes Yes

E-mail IMAP / POP3 / SMTP / Microsoft Exchange / Lotus Domino /

IMAP / POP3 / SMTP / Microsoft Exchange / Lotus Domino /


Organizer Alarm Yes Yes Yes Calendar Yes Yes Yes Calculator Yes Yes Yes To-Do Yes Yes Yes Stopwatch X X X Other X Microsoft Office OneNote®

2007 Notes

Software Applications ASUS Mobile Theater 4.0,

Microsoft® Touch Pack, Symantec® Norton®, Internet Security 2007, Adobe Acrobat Reader 7.0, NERO 7 Essentials, ASUS Infopen, ASUS WinFlash, ASUS Live Update, ASUS Power4Gear+.

Microsoft Works with Office 2007 Home and Student Trial (on Genuine Windows Vista® Home Premium model only), Microsoft Office OneNote® 2007 (on Genuine Windows Vista® Business and XP TPC model only), Microsoft Origami Experience Pack (on Genuine Windows Vista® models only), Microsoft Experience Pack for Tablet (on XP TPC model only) ArcSoft Web Companion 2, Softex OmniPass, Adobe Acrobat Reader, Fujitsu Menu, Fujitsu Driver Update, Zoom utility, Bluetooth Driver and Utility, Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Driver and Utility CD

Windows native softwares

Voice Dialing Yes Yes Yes Commands Yes Yes Yes Recording Yes Yes Yes Speaker Phone Yes Yes Yes Push-to-Talk X X X VoIP Yes Yes Yes

3.3.2 UMPC choices explanation The ASUS model was selected for both its advanced capabilities as well as its availability on the market. It is presented at an interesting price with an interesting variety of software included. It also offers GPS capability, which can be a very nice extra for future use. The one major drawback is its size, being the biggest of them all.

The Fujitsu model is comparable to the ASUS in terms of performance, but it offers much more security features which are an important factor to take into account when dealing with portable devices. Its size is also interesting considering the fact that there is also a keyboard included.

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The HTC Shift is the most promising products of all those that were considered in this study. It takes the best of the desktop and the Pocket PC worlds, all packaged into one wireless mobile device. It will be sold at an interesting price, but availability remains to be confirmed. In terms of software capabilities, the limits are more or less the same as for Windows on the desktop. The place where the HTC Shift shines is the fact that it has a Pocket PC version of Windows to use in portable mode as per the Windows Mobile based solutions, but it can then be switched back to the full version of Windows. The HTC Shift also offers the best connectivity options as it supports all the most current cellphone networks as well as Wi-Fi. It could even use regular Ethernet through the use of a USB Ethernet adapter. This makes the HTC Shift the most versatile of them all.

3.4 Other solutions considered The other solutions considered are based on what is currently widely used or the most popular on the market. There is the very latest model of BlackBerry which offers Wi-Fi capability, but is not yet available in Canada officially. There is also the unavoidable Apple iPhone, considered possibly the greatest wireless handheld device released on the market in 2007. Finally, there is the OQO model 02 which can help compare those two other choices with the rest of the devices in this study. The OQO model 02 is the very smallest UMPC evaluated in this study. Its only weakness on the technical side is its lack of connectivity to the cellular wireless network. The last factor to take into account with the OQO is the fact that it is the most highly priced devices evaluated.

3.4.1 Other solutions comparative table Table 4 Other solutions devices comparative table Devices

Description RIM BlackBerry Curve 8320

Apple iPhone OQO model 02

Company / Distributor / Carrier

Research In Motion (RIM) / - / Rogers

Apple / Apple / AT&T OQO / - / -

Dimensions 4.2 x 2.4 x 0.6 (107 x 60 x 15.5 mm)

4.5 x 2.4 x 0.5 (115 x 61 x 11.6 mm) 5.6”(W) x 3.3”(H) x 1.0”(D)

Display resolution

65 536 colors, Color, TFT, 320 x 240 pixels

3.5 inches, multi-touch, 16 777 216 colors, Color, 320 x 480 pixels

5 inches Wide VGA LCD with active digitizer, 800x480 pixels


BlackBerry OS 4.2.2 Mac OS X (iPhone) - Windows Vista® Ultimate, Business - Windows® XP Tablet PC Edition 2005, Windows® XP Professional,

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Windows® XP Home Processor 312 MHz Intel Processor Samsung® ARM 1176 620MHz

with TrustZone (enables trusted computing environment for media, apps, network, OS, etc.)

1.6GHz VIA C7M ULV

GPS X X X Security - Password protection and

keyboard lock - Support for AES or Triple DES encryption when integrated with BlackBerry® Enterprise Server 2 - Pending approval (FIPS validation) - Optional support for S/MIME

embedded AES hardware encryption


(850/900/1800/1900) GPRS/EDGE (850/900/1800/1900) Mobile broadband

(optional): Integrated EV-DO Rev. A modem

Internet Browsing

HTML HTML

BlackBerry Browser, RSS Safari Browser; Tabs supported Internet Explorer Bluetooth Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Profiles Headset (HSP)

/ Handsfree (HFP) / Serial Port (SPP) / Advanced Audio Distribution (A2DP) / Audio/Visual Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)

Features EDR (enhanced data rate)


Wireless LAN 802.11b / 802.11g 802.11b / 802.11g Atheros tri-mode 802.11a/b/g

UMA Yes X X Computer Synchronization

Yes Yes, via iTunes X

Proprietory iPOD Connector - video out: HDMI, VGA/Ethernet adapter (included), HDMI-DVI adapter available - docking/power connector

Input Full Keyboard QWERTY X (QWERTY on-screen software

keyboard) QWERTY

Touch Screen X Yes screen technology: active digitizer for pen input (not available on all configurations)

Memory Memory 64 MB flash 8 GB flash 1GB DDR2 SDRAM 533

MHz

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Memory Expansion

microSD (T-Flash) X X

Hard-Disk - up to 120GB (40GB, 60GB, 80GB also available) - also available with 32 GB solid state drive (SSD)


Yes Yes Yes

Instant Messaging

Yes X Yes

IMAP / POP3 / SMTP E-mail IMAP / POP3 / SMTP / Microsoft Exchange / Lotus Domino / Blackberry Connect

Features Push Yahoo! Email


Organizer Alarm Yes Yes Yes Calendar Yes Yes Yes Calculator Yes Yes Yes To-Do Yes X Yes Stopwatch X Yes plus Timer X Other Notes Google Maps, YouTube, Weather,

Stocks, Microsoft Word/Excel and Adobe PDF readers

Software Applications BlackBerry® Maps Various 3rd-party applications

possible pre-firmware 1.1.1 Microsoft® Office Small Business Edition 2007 (optional)

Voice Dialing Yes X Yes Commands Yes X Yes Recording Yes Yes Yes Speaker Phone Yes Yes Yes Push-to-Talk Yes X X VoIP (Through 3rd-party

software) (Through 3rd-party software) (Through 3rd-party

software)

3.4.2 BlackBerry Curve 8320 The new BlackBerry Curve is a really nice device offering the best security of all the smallest devices, mainly the Windows Mobile based devices as well as the iPhone. The BlackBerry is excellent when it comes to email, but it is not quite the same when we think about interoperability with other systems. The BlackBerry is not built as a “Jack of all trade” solution, therefore does not perform this well for other functions. The BlackBerry sure is able to read Word, Excel and PDF documents, but it does not offer full editing and/or documents creation capability. Documents editing and creation can only be achieved through the use os a 3rd-party application called eOffice Professional, from DynoPlex. Also, the BlackBerry environment is closed and not a lot of people would be able to develop tools to easily interoperate with existing systems. It is still possible to achieve interoperability, but this requires the use of BlackBerry Enterprise Server with BlackBerry MDS (Mobile Data System) Services. You then need to develop using the BlackBerry Java™ Development Environment, BlackBerry MDS Studio Version and Plazmic® Content Developer’s Kit for BlackBerry. For these reasons, the BlackBerry was not deemed a viable solution for a wireless handheld tool for a commander, with the limitations of this project. Nevertheless, since the BlackBerry technology is now being used in the CF, it could be worth investigating further down this path in the longer term.

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3.4.3 Apple iPhone The iPhone is an impressive piece of work. It offers the most impressive user interface that is probably the most user-friendly and intuitive one. During actual physical testing of the device, a seven years old kid was able to start using the device without troubles after about ten minutes of free play with the unit. The first and biggest problem with the iPhone for professional use in environments such as the Canadian Forces is its lack of strong security. The device does not have encryption protocols installed and it is not possible to install security solutions as Apple as locked this possibility through their last firmware update. The iPhone is more targeted to the general market. It will possibly get the required updates in a future version where it will be able to start competing with more business oriented devices, but not in its current form. It does offer equivalent email capabilities to the BlackBerry with Push Email from Yahoo!. It also has impressive graphic capabilities due to its high-end hardware which show when using the Google Maps application.

The iPhone runs on the Mac OS X operating system, which is a very strong platform. Unlike the desktop version of the operating system, the iPhone’s applications are built as web applications based in the new Web 2.0 standards. It currently does not support Java and Flash, but may add Flash support in the near future. With that in mind, it is not a good solution for use as a wireless handheld tool for commander.

3.5 Existing Military grade mobile solutions There are already existing portable and/or mobile solutions that have been either developed in conjunction with or for the military. The most known ones are ruggadized solutions targeted mainly for the ground troops. One such solution comes from General Dynamics, the GoBook® MR-116. This is a full fledged computer that is part of the UMPC category, sporting a proprietary display technology providing a much better viewability.

Another solution, this time in the PDA category, is the Soldier Flex PDA (SFPDA) introduced by Inhand Electronics. An article from CNET News Blog says:

16 General Dynamics Itronix, GoBook® MR-1, http://www.gd-itronix.com/index.cfm?page=Products:MR-1.

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The device opens up the realm of possibilities for distributing critical battlefield-networked information to infantry combat soldiers on long duration missions, explains Henry Girolamo, SFPDA program manager at the Army's Natick Soldier Research Development and Engineering Center.17

The Canadian Forces are no exceptions to this trend. There are ongoing projects related to wireless handheld devices and wireless communications, as we learned from various industry and government representatives at a conference we attended to in Ottawa on Wireless Microwave, held on 5th December 2007. RIM’s BlackBerry are already being officially used, which proves that wireless handheld devices are providing useful capabilities to the military personel. Since that Canadian Forces network is using Microsoft based solutions at the server level, it opens the doors to the possibility of exploiting the new Microsoft solutions through Exchange Server 2003 SP2 where it would be possible to provide the same capabilities as RIM BlackBerry and even more since the 3rd-party software base of Windows Mobile is tremendously bigger than that of BlackBerry. It should also be noted that development on the Windows Mobile platform is much easier through the use of the .NET framework.

17 Rutherford, Mark, Infantry to lead the way with a new PDA, CNET NEWS Blog, 18 September 2007, http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9780534-7.html?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20.

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4 Technology Recommendations Based on all the observations made through this study, it is possible to identify the best solutions while not forgetting about the most promising ones for the longer term. As we can observe on the various new website as well as in the newspapers, wireless handheld devices have started gaining a tremendous amount of popularity and their use keeps increasing at both the personal and professional levels. At the personal level, the number of choices is growing rapidly. At the professional level, it is starting to get interesting. The most widely used technology at the professional level up until now is the BlackBerry, which offers the best security for their communications supporting AES encryption, the Canadian federal government standard for sensitive data. The model picked for this study is the latest model from RIM which offers Wi-Fi (802.11b / 802.11g) connectivity on top of the regular quad-band cellular network access on GSM/GPRS/EDGE. The biggest problem with using the BlackBerry technology is that it would require us to get BlackBerry enterprise server with their development suite in order to properly develop and integrate tools on their mobile devices.

The Apple iPhone is the new driving force of the wireless handheld market in North America. This has already been observed in studies from Gartner. The iPhone as opened the doors for the smartphones, a market that was dominated by Nokia with the Symbian Operating System in European countries. Nokia’s Symbian technology did not manage to win the North American market up until 2007. This year has seen people starting to want more advanced wireless handheld devices allowing them to do more than being an electronic calendar, such as PDA’s (Personal Digital Assistant), or a simple phone. The iPhone is the first phone based device allowing full web browsing with same capabilities as found on a regular desktop web browser. Nevertheless, the iPhone suffers one major flaw when it comes to usage in a business environment: security. There are still a lot of concerns on this topic and the iPhone technology being secretly kept by Apple, it is not entirely known yet what the device can or can’t do when it comes to wireless communications security. Maybe with the arrival of a 3rd-party security software suite will we see the device emerge on the professional market in the near future as Apple keep doing a lot of research and development for this new market they entered in 2007. For the CF context, the iPhone is definitely not a good choice with uncertainty in the security communications protocols. Also, there is the fact that the iPhone is not available in Canada and that there are no hints of it being available anytime soon as of the end of September.

The Open Source projects such as OpenMoko should be investigated further as they could open the doors for a great wireless handheld tool customized to the CF needs since we would have access to the source code. If we want to reduce the development needs, the Qtopia platform is much more mature and already being used by many companies in various devices including wireless handheld tools. The Greenphone himself could make a nice smartphone replacement. Motorola has released a new smartphone, the Z8, in the European market. Their device runs on a Linux based (Open Source) operating system and is getting positive reviews so far. If security is what we want to focus on, Mobilinux from MontaVista should be investigated further as it is offering the most secure mobile platform to date by using technologies such as SELinux, developed by the NSA.

A Gartner study made to provide a good overview and understanding of the PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) technologies as of the end of 200618, presents a nice table indicating the strenths and limitations of all available platforms.

18 Cozza, Roberta, Dataquest Insight PDA Technology Overview, Gartner – Dataquest, 3 November 2006, ID Number: G00144368, 28 pages.

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Table 5 Microsoft Windows Mobile: Strengths and Limitations

Table 6 Palm OS: Strengths and Limitations

Table 7 RIM OS: Strengths and Limitations

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Table 8 Symbian OS: Strengths and Limitations

In the previous tables, there are entries for both Palm OS19 as well as Symbian OS. In the case of Palm, it is more or less a legacy operating system in handheld devices, but it still has a fairly good userbase as there are a lot of Palm Treo (hardware platform using the Palm OS) as well as the last Palm PDA that is the first one to be running of a built-in hard-drive, while remaining small in size. In the case of the Symbian OS, it has to be mentioned as it is the most dominant smartphone operating system in Europe. Nokia being the wireless handheld leader, it is normal to see its operating system as an important player. This operating system is actually a very good, robust and lightweight environment similar to the Windows Mobile Standard environment. As for the Microsoft platform, there are hundreds of 3rd-party applications on the market for the Symbian OS. The reason why it was not officially evaluated in this document is because Nokia and the Symbian OS have a very hard time penetrating the North American market. If we were to ever get more advanced devices such as the Nokia E and Nseries20 in Canada, I would strongly recommend looking at those solutions as well as they are very powerful solutions with an extremely high reliability.

For the purpose and continuation of this project, the Microsoft Windows based solutions are the best and easiest route to take. Since the CF systems baseline uses Microsoft Windows as the default operating system, it makes it that much easier to integrate new tools and exploit wireless handheld technologies in order to have them interoperate with existing systems. The UMPC, are by far the easiest answers as they run a full version of Microsoft Windows, while taking advantage of wireless communications in a miniaturized format. The Windows Mobile based solutions are the best if size is what matters the most. The number of Windows Mobile based devices keeps increasing and the platforms is the one that as the greatest number of 3rd-party applications offered to achieve about any task we can do on regular desktop computers. The Windows Mobile based security software solutions appear to be the most interesting as they provide means to minimize data lost and/or theft through the mean of remote triggering of a full device memory wipe. On the regular Microsoft Windows platform, such means are not as easy to find, but could easily be developed for mobile security purpose. Windows Mobile technologies come in two flavors, with or without a touchscreen. The touchscreen provide a more user-friendly and intuitive interface to the user.

With all this information, three (3) devices would be recommended for consideration in the context of this project. The first device would be a Windows Mobile based technology: the HTC Mogul (a more powerful equivalent to the HTC TyTN found at Rogers Wireless). The HTC TyTN II is planned for release in Canada, but there were no confirmations of it at the date of writing of this report. The device is a quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE/HSDPA with Wi-Fi (802.11b / 802.11g) for connectivity. The device has a full QWERTY keyboard and a touchscreen, providing the most user-friendly and intuitive interface. The two other devices are UMPC based technologies.

19 ACCESS CO., Garnet OS, http://www.access-company.com/products/garnet/. 20 Nokia, Nokia Europe Devices, http://europe.nokia.com/A4142002.

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The Fujitsu Lifebook U810 and the OQO model 02. The Fujitsu UMPC is a nice small device that runs on a full version of the regular Microsoft Windows operating system, offering many security features, making it a very interesting device for use in the military environment. The one drawback of the Fujitsu UMPC is its size being slightly bigger than the last recommended model. The OQO model 02 is the most expensive device, but it is by far the smallest UMPC when taking features and performance into account. It has less security features as the Fujitsu Lifebook U810, but it is dramatically smaller, making it much more interesting as a wireless handheld tool for a commander on the move. The advantage of going with a UMPC would be the fact that it could act as a desktop replacement as well if used with an external monitor, external keyboard and mouse. It could become the commanders office on the move.

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5 Information exchange possibilities In this next section, the various information exchange possibilities will be described based on the chosen technologies, the various software acquired, taking into account the capabilities of the target systems.

5.1 Voice The first mean for information exchange that is possible through a smartphone, which is what the chosen technology is essentially, is voice communications. The device allows regular phone calls using the cellular network by default. Through the use of the WIFI capability, it is possible to use internet telephony, also known as VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol). Known software solutions allowing this on Windows Mobile are Skype and Gizmo Project.

5.2 Notification

5.2.1 Emails The HTC P4000, in conjunction with WebIS FlexMail, provides the user with the ability to send and receive full fledged emails in standard pull mode or in push mode, just like BlackBerry’s from RIM (Research In Motion). To get push emails, we can setup an IMAP based account, or use free services such as Yahoo Go21 or Emoze22. Windows Mobile, by default, also allows connecting to Exchange servers. This should be the first solution trialed. If getting email directly from the Exchange server does not work as required, the next solution to try should be wither through an IMAP setting or by using emoze which gives the user the ability to have a little

21 Yahoo!, Yahoo! Go – The Internet to go, http://mobile.yahoo.com/go. 22 Emoze Ltd., emoze – Push Email on Your Mobile Device, http://www.emoze.com/en/get/index.asp.

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application on his desktop running in the background monitoring the mailbox and pushing all those emails to the phone running the mobile client.

Email formats

Data type Text HTML

Examples

The Commander is going to be able to receive email notifications about events and operations where he could be advised to go to COPlanS and/or CommandView in order to get more information on the situation. The email could contain a URL which would directly bring the Commander to the right webpage right from the message he receives on his wireless handheld tool.

5.2.2 RSS (Real Simple Syndication) This solution could be used to exploit XML from server functions such as the webserver part of COPlanS where it would be possible to have a kind of news ticker updated at regular intervals. This gives an easy to consult lightweight and interoperable solution for use on mobile technologies as well as on desktop counterparts. There are various RSS clients already existing for Windows Mobile. A very good Open Source client is BeyondPod23. It is under the GPL and use the compact .NET framework. Another solution is freely available on Microsoft website, called Viigo. Unfortunately, due to lack of time, it was not possiblenor was it necessary to test this alternative solution for this project.

Data type (supported feeds) RSS 2.0 Atom OPML

23 BeyondPod, http://www.codeplex.com/beyondpod.

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5.3 Situation Awareness

Data type Images Webpages Email

Extensions JPEG, BMP, GIF HTML HTML

5.3.1 Command View Portal As part of the requirements for target systems to be considered was CommandView. The main utility identified through discussions with the Scientific Authority is Situational Awareness. To tackle this part, the user can use a portable web browser in order to go to the CommandView portal where he can get a first look at the situation. The link to get to the portal could be forwarded as part of an email notifying of an event. This link would take the user directly to the portal to get initial situational awareness. The types of maps and level of interaction possible at the wireless handheld level remains to be seen as the portable browsers don’t have all the capacities and functions their desktop alternatives have.

5.3.2 Planning Data After the commander has got an initial overview of the situation, he’ll most likely want to initiate actions and plans with relations the the events at hand. For this purpose, he’ll connect from the pocket browser to the COPlanS server. Upon logging into the server, the commander will be able to read information about the situation and have a look at the current status of the planning session if already initiated. The commander should be able right from the wireless handheld device to finalize plans in order to make the workflow continue its course within COPlanS.

5.4 Planning Documents Another type of information exchange possible would be the ability to change the status of documents within COPlanS planning sessions. This would demonstrate a dynamic interaction between the handheld device the target systems. The commander could change the status from “planning” (edit mode) to “finalized”.

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Data type Images Webpages Javascripts Text document

Spreadsheets Presentations

Extensions JPEG, BMP, GIF HTML, HTM jsp Doc, docx,

rtf, txt, pdf xls ppt

5.4.1 Supporting, Input and Output Before and/or after the planning session in COPlanS, or even during, the commander may have to review some documents. For this purpose, he’ll be able to go download them or receive them via email as attachments. From there, it’ll be possible to open and even edit Microsoft (MS) Word files as well as MS Excel files and MS PowerPoint files. In case of need, the commander could go as far as start creating MS Word or MS Excel documents right from the handheld device.

5.5 Instant Messaging

Connection type EV/DO, GPRS, EDGE, HSDPA, WIFI (802.11 b/g)

Chat Protocol Jabber, JAVA

5.5.1 Chat COPlanS has a built-in chat module that users can use on the desktop version. If time permits, or in a longer term perspective, it could be possible to replace the current solution with a solution based on Jabber, a solution currently officially used by US DoD. Jabber is already widely supported on Windows Mobile and all other mobile platforms. This would make it easy for a user to connect to the server and interact directly with other operators and planners.

5.6 Commander Planning Status

Data type Images Webpages Javascripts Text document

Spreadsheets Presentations

Extensions JPEG, BMP, GIF HTML, HTM jsp Doc, docx,

rtf, txt, pdf xls ppt

5.6.1 CCIR, Intent, Authorized movement, Guidance, etc. From the portable COPlanS interface, the Commander could create new CCIR’s and submit them to the server. This new information will then be made available to all users involved in this planning session. Going back to the main portable COPlanS page, it could then be possible to go into the “Intent” section to enter specific intents. Using the same process, it would be possible to give access to many more sections relevant to the planning process such as “Authorized movement” and “Guidance”. This could be tailored to the operational requirements of the commanding officers as they see fit when building the portable portal.

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6 Chosen Technology After all researches were completed during the first task of the project, the final recommendations ended up on UMPC and Windows Mobile based solutions. In the first case, it was considered due to the power of those devices and the operating system running on them being a full version of Microsoft Windows. This made it the solution that was the easiest to integrate with existing systems in the CF (Canadian Forces). The main issue with UMPC based solutions is the size of most devices. They are still all bigger than any of the Windows Mobile based solutions. UMPC devices offer the most powerful processing power with many interesting features with regards to security such as built-in biometric authentication, and/or encryption with the AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) algorithm, a federal government approved algorithm through CSE (Communications Security Establishment)24. This technology is currently evolving at a quick pace. This means that we could soon see new UMPC devices that are much smaller and become very appealing solutions for mobile workers requiring the smallest form factor possible.

The Windows Mobile platform is a mature portable solution that was developed to compete in an emerging technology context when Palm was the big player on the market. The latest version of the operating system from Microsoft offers a lot of powerful capabilities that integrates very in a Microsoft Windows based environment. Although the platform is more limited than a full fledged Windows operating system, the mobile edition provides users with a lightweight platform for conducting various tasks on PDA’s (Personal Digital Assistant). These tasks can range from the calendar, task list, address book and calculator, to more advanced capabilities such as wireless networking, emails, chat, etc. Windows Mobile is the platform that as the largest number of applications and solutions available on the market. Windows Mobile is a platform competing at the same level as the BlackBerry platform. Since the BlackBerry has already been introduced in the CF, transition to a similarly sized as well as similarly operated platform should limit the impact on the end-users (or target audience).

It should been noted that the choice of technology for this project has been made based on available technologies and solutions at the time the research was conducted. That being said, the wireless handheld field is one of the most rapidly evolving domain since the beginning of 2007. Even while this project is evolving, new technologies and solutions keep being announced. With that in mind, we should remember that what we are demonstrating and we are able to do now is only a beginning.

6.1 Hardware The technology chosen is based on the Microsoft Windows Mobile operating system. The device itself we first identified is the HTC TyTN II. This smartphone offers all the latest capabilities for a smartphones such as quad-band GSM/GPRS/EDGE/HSDPA communication, Landscape/Portrait display with a resolution of 320x240 pixels with 65k colors, and with WIFI capability (802.11 b/g), small size and light weight with a QWERTY sliding keyboard. Unfortunately, our choice had to be changed due to the fact that this device was not being distributed by any service providers in Canada. This would have made things very difficult if this was to ever be deployed or trialed in a larger scale exercise. For this reason, we identified a similarly equipped device by the same maker, the HTC P4000 (Mogul), which is available through both Bell Canada (under the model name HTC6800) and Telus Mobility (under the model name HTC P4000).

24 Communications Security Establishment, Cryptographic Algorithms, http://www.cse-cst.gc.ca/services/crypto-services/crypto-algorithms-e.html.

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6.1.1 Equipment acquisition Acquisition steps 1. The acquisition process started off by contacting

Rogers to ask whether they would offer the HTC TyTN II in the near future or not.

2. After being told it was not planned, we looked at the similar devices HTC was offering and whether they were available in Canada or not. We handed up on the HTC Mogul, the latest and greatest model that was available at both Telus Mobility and Bell Mobility.

3. The last step was to go to both providers to see if it was possible to get the device without signing a contract. The last important piece of information that was necessary was the service plans and pricing for using data and their flexibility.

Service provider The service provider that was chosen is Telus Mobility due to the fact they had the device available and at a cheaper price than Bell Canada. The other reason for selecting Telus over Bell Canada was their better and more flexible data plans for smartphones. Bell Canada’s best offer was a maximum of 1 GB for $100 per month. Telus Mobility, on the other end, offered unlimited data for $75 per month with also the possibility to only buy data blocks for a day or a week, which proved to be the cheapest and most flexible offer available on the market in Canada.

Costs Telus HTC P4000 : $599 + taxes ($626.91 at time of purchase)

Delays / Problems There were no delays encountered in acquiring the hardware. The only problem experienced throughout the project was activating the device to be able to test its data capabilities over-the-air (on the cellular) network. This required DRDC to be responsible for contacting the service provider, but the DRDC Scientific Authority never managed to get this done in the time period we needed it.

6.2 Microsoft Windows Mobile embedded capabilities Microsoft Windows Mobile provides users with a plethora of useful business oriented functions and applications by default. This section will give a basic list with a short description.

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6.2.1 PIM (Personal Information Manager) Windows Mobile provides an address book, a calendar and a task manager that are all able to synchronize with Microsoft Outlook through the use of the Microsoft Activesync conduit. This allows the user to have all the same information on the portable device as on the desktop computer. Changes and/or addition made on the PDA will be replicated (synchronized) next time the user connects the device to his desktop computer. For more advanced functions that come closer to the full desktop experience working on Microsoft Outlook, the user can look at alternative solutions such as PocketInformant25 and Agenda Fusion26. These applications provide advanced capabilities while using the exact same database as the default applications built into Windows Mobile.

6.2.2 Internet (Browsing, Email, Chat) Web browsing capability has become essential for most technologies nowaday. Windows Mobile 6 comes with Microsoft’s latest version of PocketIE (Pocket Internet Explorer). This mobile version of Internet Explorer is based of its big brother, Internet Explorer 7. It allows the user to browse in “Fit to screen” mode which will utilise a special formating optimized for small screen devices. An increasing number of websites now offer such optimized versions of their site. PocketIE also allows the user to browse in column view and desktop view, which are both self-explanatory. PocketIE is the default browser in Windows Mobile. Unlike Internet Explorer 7, PocketIE does not have many options and is therefore quite limited when it comes to heavier browsing or going to complex websites.

For Email, Windows Mobile 6 provides Mobile Outlook which consists of the email application itself in conjunction with the Address Book application. Mobile Outlook supports standard POP3 accounts as well as IMAP. It also includes the MMS (Multimedia message) and SMS (Text message) functions. One particularity of the email client is that the user is not forced into using his data connection to download emails. It is possible to get the desktop Outlook emails synchronized with the Pocket PC directly through Activesync. It is also possible to create the account to synchronize with an email account on an Exchange server.

For the chat, Windows Mobile 6 comes with Windows Live Messenger Mobile. No other chat capabilities come by default.

6.2.3 Office suite One of Windows Mobile 6 greatest feature is the fact that it comes with Microsoft Office Mobile by default. This suite includes Pocket Word, Pocket Excel and Pocket PowerPoint. These three mobile applications allows the user to edit and create respective office files.

6.3 3rd-party software solutions chosen

6.3.1 Internet (Browsing, Email, Chat) The best 3rd party solution for web browsing is the Opera Mobile browser27. The Opera Mobile browser currently supports all popular security protocols. It includes all functions provided by PocketIE. It includes advanced features such as support for zooming, Macromedia (Adobe) Flash, multiple windows, pop-up handler, tabbed browsing, Plugin API (Netscape), etc. Since many applications and/or systems in the CF are moving to

25 WebIS, Pocket Informant 2007, http://www.pocketinformant.com/products_info.php?p_id=pi. 26 DeveloperOne, Agenda Fusion 8, http://www.developerone.com/agendafusion/index.htm. 27 Opera Software, Opera Mobile, http://www.opera.com/products/mobile/.

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web based solutions as much as possible, like we can see in Command View, it is important to have a powerful web browser. The next version of Opera Mobile will include full support for AJAX and Web 2.0. This will bring the Windows Mobile platform on par with the Safari browser included on the iPhone which is currently the most powerful portable web browser.

For email, the solution that was chosen is FlexMail 2007, from WebIS28. It is currently the best available solution for email on Windows Mobile 6. Its interface offers a much closer feel to Microsoft Outlook on the desktop. It supports full SSL, push email, POP3 and IMAP, SMS, address auto-complete, flags, HTML messages, and finally allows accepting and rejecting meeting requests.

For a chat solution, if time permits, the best solution identified is Jabber as it is already very well supported on all mobile platforms as well as all desktop environments. It is also worth noting that Jabber was initially approved for use by the US DoD (Department of Defence), but has been recently officially selected to deliver net-centric collaboration services29. The mobile application that would be best suited on Windows Mobile would be IM+.

6.3.2 File Management Windows Mobile does have a File Manager built-in, but it is very limited both in terms of interface and capabilities. For this reason, it is highly recommended to use the 3rd party solution: Resco Explorer. This utility offers a very intuitive interface that will be very familiar to any Microsoft Windows users.

The application offers the file manager with various view options. It includes strong file encryption with strong algorithms such as RC2-128, DES-56, 3DES TWO KEY-112, 3DES-168. It also includes ZIP compression as well as ZIP/RAR decompression. There is also a built-in viewer for files in TXT, BIN or HEX format, as well as JPEG, GIF, BMP and PNG graphic formats. Finally, there is a Recycle Bin manager allowing an “undelete” option, an FTP Explorer, a Registry Editor as well as capability to exchange files via Bluetooth. The last great advantage in using this software is that it adds a plug-in on the “Today” screen being the default view on Windows Mobile. This plug-in provides a direct link to the file manager, gives direct visual overview of the systems resources. Finally, the plug-in provides a task manager, something Windows Mobile lacks by default to some extent. When a user clicks on the “X” to close an application, unlike in Windows on the desktop computer, Windows Mobile only minimizes the application. This ultimately leads to the situation where you run out of memory in which case Windows Mobile will then start closing applications, which might not be what you need at this point.

6.3.3 Backup Backing up is a must in the digital world. Mobile devices are no exceptions if they are to be used as an official and/or operational tool. Also, in a context where we are developing and testing prototypes, it is essential to be able to get the system back to its original stable state if something goes wrong. This is the reason why Sprite Backup, from Sprite Software who is behind Symantec Ghost, has been specifically targeted. It provides capabilities such as regular backups, scheduled backups, remote backups, self-extracting backups, automatic backup file management, backup to storage card, restore to different device and support for Windows Mobile 6 storage card encryption.

28 WebIS, FlexMai 2007, http://www.pocketinformant.com/products_info.php?p_id=mail&dir=wm. 29 Jabber Inc., U.S. DoD Selects Jabber to Deliver Net-Centric Collaboration Services, 27 June 2007, Denver, CO, http://www.jabber.com/CE/DoDSelectsJabber.

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7 Information Exchange Assessments The information exchange possibilities are numerous as the wireless handheld world is evolving at a very rapid pace now. Based on available knowledge and technologies at the moment of writing this report, and based on the time and budget limitations of this project, some options will only be documented and not thoroughly tested.

7.1 Email First and foremost, usage of email is the first step that can be very easily tested. It can be tested on both the built-in email client as well as FlexMail.

7.1.1 Observations The built-in email client and FlexMail, used in their basic form, worked flawlessly. Sending and receiving email was very easy to achieve. Using the email capability in direct conjunction with COPlanS was not completed as it would have required us their configure COPlanS on its server side to send its emails to a new mailbox we would have needed to create to achieve those tests. Due to time constraints, we didn’t test this far, but we proved that email works.

7.2 CommandView Portal Connecting to CommandView is expected to work on the Opera Mobile browser on Windows Mobile 6, but testing it may be difficult based on availability of the JCDS 21 Test Bed. That being said, it would be easy to build a similar static copy of the portal for concept demonstration purpose.

Based on discussions and meetings held with the whole project’s team including the scientific authority, COPlanS should become the main focus of information exchange past the situational awareness access to the CommandView portal.

7.2.1 Observations We never got a chance to really test with the CommandView portal as the JCDS Test Bed was not available. That being said, we are under the assumption that there should not be any major problems. This first reason for this affirmation is that the mobile browsers are able to parse about any web pages. Also, we learned during a CommandView formation, that there is a “low bandwidth” version of the portal. This version of the portal can work through both Opera Mobile and Pocket Internet Explorer without a doubt, mainly due to the fact that this simplified version is made exclusively of text and links. Nevertheless, we did a simplified mock-up in order to do our tests as can be seen in the following screenshot.

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7.3 COPlanS Accessing COPlanS could be done through a new mobile applications interface, but it would be much easier through a web interface, making it also much more interoperable with other platforms.

From the web interface the user will be able to access part of the information in COPlanS and participate or interact in the planning process at a limited level due to technical constraints specific to mobile environments and the current state of COPlanS.

7.3.1 Observations We did most of our testing against COPlanS. We managed to make a portable version of the COPlanS web portal to connect to via the wireless handheld device. There were no significant problems encountered throughout the whole development process. We made portable versions of various modules as requested by the DRDC Scientific Authority. The overall list of modules includes the login to COPlanS portal, Initial Assessment and Initial Reconnaissance, Plans, Planning Process Overview, Guidelines to Staff, CCIR, Risks Authorized Movement and Chat. In order to facilitate the understanding of the portable version versus the desktop version, you will see a few comparative screenshots of some modules with standalone screenshots of all other mobile modules.

7.3.1.1 COPlanS mobile Login and Home page:

Plans:

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Planning Process Overview:

Guidelines to Staff:

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CCIR:

• Desktop version

• Mobile version

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Risks Assessment:

• Desktop Version

• Mobile version

Authorized Movement

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Documents Approval

• Desktop version

• Mobile version

7.4 Chat If time permits, a chat server will be configured so that it will be also possible right from the Pocket PC to connect to the server and chat in real-time with the users involved in the planning session. This would be best accomplished through the implementation of a “Jabber” based solution which can be acquired through the Open Source community or through some commercial solutions where support will also be offered.

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The possibilities are almost becoming endless with all new applications and mobile technologies coming out almost on the weekly basis. One thing that is for sure is that mobile technologies are now part of the reality and they will keep becoming a standard everywhere as time passes while they keep evolving.

7.4.1 Observations At the end of the development efforts, a quick solution for the chat was tested out. The way it was done was simply through a quick conversion of the COPlanS chat client through the use of Javascripts in order to be able to incorporate a small embedded web chat client. It worked very nicely. We were able to prove chat capability through a mobile web page.

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8 Notes

8.1 Acronyms CF Canadian Forces

COPlanS Collaborative Operations Planning System

CCIR Commander's Critical Information Requirements

DJFC Director Joint Force Capabilities

DND Department of National Defense

DWAN Defense Wide Area Network

EMSEC Emission Security

HQ Head Quarter

IEEE Institute of Electronics and Electrical Engineers

JCDS 21 TD Joint Command Decision Support for the 21 Century Technology Demonstration

PC Personal Computer

R&D Research and Development

SA Scientific Authority

SA Situational Awareness / Situation Awareness

XML Extended Mark-up Language

8.2 Glossary Commander: An officer in command of a military unit. Someone in an official position of authority who can command or control others.

Developer: An organization that develops software products; “develops” may include new development, modification, reuse, reengineering, maintenance, or any other activity that results in software products, and includes the testing, quality assurance, configuration management, and other activities applied to these products. Synonym: supplier.

Requirements: In system planning, a requirement describes what users want and expect according to their various needs. Requirements draw a comprehensible picture to facilitate communications between all stakeholders in the development of a system, and outline the opportunities for development of successful products to satisfy user needs.

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9 References • Dano, Mike, Verizon Wireless selects LTE for 4G network, 29 November 2007, RCR Wireless News,

http://www.rcrnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071129/FREE/71129001.

• DataViz, InTact Technology™: Cutting the Last Tie Holding the Wireless Office to the Desktop, http://www.dataviz.com/products/documentstogo/winmobile/intact.html.

• MontaVista, Commercial Linux Development for Wireless Handset and Mobile Devices from MontaVista, http://www.mvista.com/product_detail_mob.php.

• UMPC.com: The Official UMPC site!, http://umpc.com/.

• High Tech Computer Corp. (HTC), http://www.htc.com/index.htm.

• phoneArena.com, Mobile Phone Specifications, Reviews, News And Forum, http://www.phonearena.com/htmls/home.php.

• Trolltech Qtopia, http://trolltech.com/products/qtopia.

• Shohat, Murry, Linux on cell phones: the trend is up, 17 September 2007, Linux.com, http://www.linux.com/feature/119159.

• CNSS, CNSS Policy No. 15, Fact Sheet No. 1 National Policy on the Use of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) to Protect National Security Systems and National Security Information, June 2003, http://www.cnss.gov/Assets/pdf/cnssp_15_fs.pdf.

• De la Vergne, Hugues, Forecast: Mobile Devices, North America, 2003-2011, Gartner, 2007.

• Wipro Product Strategy & Architecture Practice, TCO Comparison of Enterprise Mobile Solutions: RIM BlackBerry 4.X and Windows Mobile 5.0 MSFP, study sponsored by Microsoft, June 2007, http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/b/d/cbdc18d1-1a01-4736-a557-08474ec73443/TCO_Comparison_Enterprise_Mobile_Solutions_Windows_Mobile_and_RIM.docx.

• Microsoft Corporation, Microsoft® System Center Mobile Device Manager 2008, http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/mobiledevicemanager/default.mspx.

• Microsoft Corporation, Overview Microsoft® System Center Mobile Device Manager 2008, http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/b/d/cbdc18d1-1a01-4736-a557-08474ec73443/Overview-MSC_Mobile_Device_Manager2008.pdf.

• WebIS, FlexMail 2007, http://www.pocketinformant.com/products_info.php?p_id=mail&tab_id=mail.

• WebIS, Pocket Informant 2007, http://www.pocketinformant.com/products_info.php?p_id=pi.

• DataViz, InTact Technology™: Cutting the Last Tie Holding the Wireless Office to the Desktop, http://www.dataviz.com/products/documentstogo/winmobile/intact.html.

• Ilium Software, eWallet 6, http://www.iliumsoft.com/site/ew/ewallet.php.

• NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), Advanced Encryption Standard Algorithm Validation List, January 2008, http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cavp/documents/aes/aesval.html.

• Linuxdevices.com, RIP Linux "Greenphone", http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS6964769377.html.

• Open Handset Alliance, Android Overview, http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.html.

http://www.rcrnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071129/FREE/71129001�

http://www.dataviz.com/products/documentstogo/winmobile/intact.html�

http://www.mvista.com/product_detail_mob.php�

http://umpc.com/�

http://www.htc.com/index.htm�

http://www.phonearena.com/htmls/home.php�

http://trolltech.com/products/qtopia�

http://www.linux.com/feature/119159�

http://www.cnss.gov/Assets/pdf/cnssp_15_fs.pdf�

http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/b/d/cbdc18d1-1a01-4736-a557-08474ec73443/TCO_Comparison_Enterprise_Mobile_Solutions_Windows_Mobile_and_RIM.docx�

http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/b/d/cbdc18d1-1a01-4736-a557-08474ec73443/TCO_Comparison_Enterprise_Mobile_Solutions_Windows_Mobile_and_RIM.docx�

http://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/mobiledevicemanager/default.mspx�

http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/b/d/cbdc18d1-1a01-4736-a557-08474ec73443/Overview-MSC_Mobile_Device_Manager2008.pdf�

http://download.microsoft.com/download/c/b/d/cbdc18d1-1a01-4736-a557-08474ec73443/Overview-MSC_Mobile_Device_Manager2008.pdf�

http://www.pocketinformant.com/products_info.php?p_id=mail&tab_id=mail�

http://www.pocketinformant.com/products_info.php?p_id=pi�

http://www.dataviz.com/products/documentstogo/winmobile/intact.html�

http://www.iliumsoft.com/site/ew/ewallet.php�

http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/STM/cavp/documents/aes/aesval.html�

http://www.linuxdevices.com/news/NS6964769377.html�

http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/android_overview.html�

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• Shohat, Murry, Linux on cell phones: the trend is up, Linux.com, 17 September 2007, http://www.linux.com/feature/119159.

• MontaVista, Commercial Linux Development for Wireless Handset and Mobile Devices from MontaVista, http://www.mvista.com/product_detail_mob.php.

• General Dynamics Itronix, GoBook® MR-1, http://www.gd-itronix.com/index.cfm?page=Products:MR-1.

• Rutherford, Mark, Infantry to lead the way with a new PDA, CNET NEWS Blog, 18 September 2007, http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9780534-7.html?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20.

• ACCESS CO., Garnet OS, http://www.access-company.com/products/garnet/.

• Nokia, Nokia Europe Devices, http://europe.nokia.com/A4142002.

• Nokia, Nokia N800 Internet Tablet, http://www.nokia.ca/link?cid=PLAIN_TEXT_289130.

• Yahoo!, Yahoo! Go – The Internet to go, http://mobile.yahoo.com/go.

• Emoze Ltd., emoze – Push Email on Your Mobile Device, http://www.emoze.com/en/get/index.asp.

• BeyondPod, http://www.codeplex.com/beyondpod.

• Communications Security Establishment, Cryptographic Algorithms, http://www.cse-cst.gc.ca/services/crypto-services/crypto-algorithms-e.html.

• DeveloperOne, Agenda Fusion 8, http://www.developerone.com/agendafusion/index.htm.

• Opera Software, Opera Mobile, http://www.opera.com/products/mobile/.

• Jabber Inc., U.S. DoD Selects Jabber to Deliver Net-Centric Collaboration Services, 27 June 2007, Denver, CO, http://www.jabber.com/CE/DoDSelectsJabber.

• OQO, OQO model 02, http://www.oqo.com/products/index.html.

• Apple Inc., iPhone Dev Center, http://developer.apple.com/iphone/devcenter/designingcontent.html.

• ASUSTeK Computer Inc., R2Hv Ultra-Mobile PC, http://ca.asus.com/products.aspx?l1=5&l2=25&l3=350&l4=0&model=1663&modelmenu=1.

• Fujitsu Computer Systems Corporation, Fujitsu LifeBook® U810, http://store.shopfujitsu.com/fpc/Ecommerce/buildseriesbean.do?series=U810.

• Gartner, Forecast: Mobile Devices, North America, 2003-2011, 2007.

• Carolina Milanesi, Ann Liang, Tuong Huy Nguyen, Nahoko Mitsuyama, Hugues J. De La Vergne, Dataquest Insight: Market Share for Mobile Devices, 2Q07, 22 August 2007, Gartner – Dataquest, ID Number: G00151261, 11 pages.

• Cozza, Roberta, Dataquest Insight PDA Technology Overview, Gartner – Dataquest, 3 November 2006, ID Number: G00144368, 28 pages.

• Annette Jump, Roberta Cozza, Dataquest Insight: Worldwide Mobile Device Segmentation and Forecast, Gartner – Dataquest, 22 March 2007, ID Number: G00146990, 12 pages.

• Leslie Fiering, Leif-Olof Wallin, How to Develop an End-to-End Policy for Enterprise Mobility, Gartner – Dataquest, 14 November 2006, ID Number: G00143528, 7 pages.

• Federica Troni, Ken Dulaney, How to Support PDAs and Smartphones in Business, 2006, Gartner – Dataquest, 28 August 2006, ID Number: G00142399, 9 pages.

http://www.linux.com/feature/119159�

http://www.mvista.com/product_detail_mob.php�

http://www.gd-itronix.com/index.cfm?page=Products:MR-1�

http://www.gd-itronix.com/index.cfm?page=Products:MR-1�

http://www.news.com/8301-10784_3-9780534-7.html?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20�

http://www.access-company.com/products/garnet/�

http://europe.nokia.com/A4142002�

http://www.nokia.ca/link?cid=PLAIN_TEXT_289130�

http://mobile.yahoo.com/go�

http://www.emoze.com/en/get/index.asp�

http://www.codeplex.com/beyondpod�

http://www.cse-cst.gc.ca/services/crypto-services/crypto-algorithms-e.html�

http://www.cse-cst.gc.ca/services/crypto-services/crypto-algorithms-e.html�

http://www.developerone.com/agendafusion/index.htm�

http://www.opera.com/products/mobile/�

http://www.jabber.com/CE/DoDSelectsJabber�

http://www.oqo.com/products/index.html�

http://developer.apple.com/iphone/devcenter/designingcontent.html�

http://ca.asus.com/products.aspx?l1=5&l2=25&l3=350&l4=0&model=1663&modelmenu=1�

http://store.shopfujitsu.com/fpc/Ecommerce/buildseriesbean.do?series=U810�

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• Chris Silva, Mobile Evolution: Moving Toward An All-Wireless Enterprise, Forrester Research, Inc, 19 September 2007, 5 pages.

• Benjamin Gray, Redefining Enterprise Mobile Devices, Forrester Research, Inc, 29 January 2007, 8 pages.

• Chris Silva, The Rise Of Ubiquitous Mobility Solutions, Forrester Research, Inc, 14 September 2007, 12 pages.

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10 Annexes

10.1 Annex A

10.1.1 Windows Mobile devices detailed comparative table Devices

Description HTC Excalibur (S621) HTC Mogul Palm Treo 750 Company / Distributor / Carrier

High Tech Computer Corp. (HTC) / - / Rogers

High Tech Computer Corp. (HTC) / - / Telus (HTC P4000) and Bell (HTC 6800)

Palm Inc. / - / Rogers

Dimensions 4.4 x 2.5 x 0.5 (111.5 x 62.5 x 13 mm)

4.3 x 2.3 x 0.7 (110 x 59 x 18.5 mm) 4.4 x 2.3 x 0.9 (111 x 58 x 22 mm)

Weight 4.2 oz (120 g) 5.8 oz (165 g) 5.4 oz (154 g) Extended Specs

Operating System

Windows Mobile 5 Smartphone Edition (upgradable to WM6 Standard)

Windows Mobile 5 (upgradable to WM6 Professional)

Windows Mobile 6 Professional

Processor TI's OMAP™ 850, 201 MHz

QUALCOMM® MSM7500, 400MHz

300MHz Samsung processor

Global Roaming Yes Yes Yes GPS X X X

Camera & Video Camera Type Built-in -

Immobile Type Built-in - Immobile Type Built-in -

Immobile Resolution 1.3

megapixels Resolution 2.0 megapixels Resolution 1.3

megapixels Video

Capture Yes Video

Capture Yes Video

Capture Yes

Flash Flash Yes Flash Features 8x Digital

Zoom; Frames; White Balance, Self-Timer

Features 8x digital zoom Features 2x digital zoom; Light balance

Video Playback - MPEG4/H.263 format supported - Windows Media Player

- Windows Media Player 10 - MPEG4, WMV formats supported - Windows Media Player

Streaming X Yes Yes Video Calling X X X


(850/900/1800/1900) CDMA2000 1xRTT/1xEV-DO rev.0/1xEV-DO rev.A

GPRS/EDGE/UMTS (850/900/1800/1900/2100)

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Max Speed 384.00 Internet Browsing

WAP 2.0 WAP 2.0 / HTML

Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Mobile USB miniUSB Yes Yes Infrared Port X X Yes Bluetooth Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Profiles Headset (HSP)

/ Handsfree (HFP) / Generic Object Exchange (GOEP) / File Transfer (FTP) / Object Push (OPP) / Generic Access (GAP) / Serial Port (SPP) / Service Discovery Application (SDAP) / Public Area Network (PAN) / Human Interface Device (HID) / Generic Audio/Video Distribution (GAVDP) / Advanced Audio Distribution (A2DP) / Personal Area Networking Profile (PAN) / SIM Access (SAP)

Features Stereo Profiles Headset (HSP) / Handsfree (HFP) / Dial-up networking (DUN) / Object Push (OPP) / Generic Access (GAP) / Human Interface Device (HID) / Generic Audio/Video Distribution (GAVDP) / Advanced Audio Distribution (A2DP) / Audio/Visual Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)

Wireless LAN 802.11b / 802.11g 802.11b / 802.11g X Computer Synchronization

Yes Yes Yes

Headset Jack Yes (2.5 mm) X Yes (2.5 mm) External Antenna

Yes

Input Full Keyboard QWERTY QWERTY (sliding down) QWERTY Predictive Text Input

T9 Yes X

Soft Keys 2 2 2 Touch Screen X Yes with stylus and handwriting


Side Keys Left Power Key Left Jog Wheel, OK button, Voice command button, WLAN switch

Left Volume keys and Customisable key

Right Multifuncti Right Power button,

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onal JOGGR pad

Comm manager button, Camera button

Memory Memory 128 MB ROM; 64 MB

RAM X X

Memory Expansion

microSD (T-Flash) microSD (T-Flash) miniSD


Yes Yes Yes

MMS Yes Yes Yes Templates X Yes Yes Instant Messaging

Yes

E-mail IMAP / POP3 / SMTP IMAP / POP3 / SMTP / Microsoft Exchange / Lotus Domino

IMAP / POP3 / SMTP

Music & Audio Music Player MP3, AMR, AAC, WAV,

WMA formats supported MP3, WMA formats supported MP3, AAC, AAC+, WMA

formats supported Windows Media Player Windows Media Player 10 Windows Media Player

Notifications Polyphonic Rings MP3 MP3 MP3 Vibration Alert Yes Yes Yes Service Light 2 LEDs 2 LEDs X

Organizer Alarm Yes Yes Yes Calendar Yes Yes Yes Calculator Yes Yes Yes To-Do Yes Yes Yes Other X Notes Notes





Yes Yes Yes


Personalization Multiple Languages

Yes X X

Phone Profiles Yes Yes Yes Regulatory Approval

FCC Approval ID NM8EXCA

ID NM8TITA100 ID O8F-KITT

Date Approved

2006-08-21 Date Approved 2007-03-05 Date Approved

2006-11-08

SAR Head 1.34 Head 1.13 Head 1.16 Body 1.03 Body 0.54 Body 0.23 Measured

in 1900 MHz Measured in 1900 MHz Measured in 1900 MHz

Software Applications Microsoft ActiveSync,

ClearVUE Suite (Word, Microsoft Office Word Mobile, Office Excel® Mobile, Office

Picsel PDF Viewer, Palm Desktop

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Excel, PowerPoint, PDF) PowerPoint® Mobile, Office Outlook® Mobile, Internet Explorer Mobile, Windows Media Player 10 Mobile, ActiveSync, Pocket MSN®, PDF Viewer

JAVA Midp 2.0 Yes Midp 2.0 Voice

Dialing Yes Yes Yes Commands X Yes Yes Recording Yes Yes Yes Speaker Phone Yes Yes Yes

10.1.2 Open Source based devices detailed comparative table Devices

Description FIC Neo1973 Trolltech Qtopia Greenphone Nokia N800 Company / Distributor / Carrier

FIC / - / - Trolltech / - / - Nokia / - / -

Dimensions 120.7 x 62 x 18.5 mm (4.75 x 2.44 x 0.728 inch)

50mm x 107mm x 15mm 75 x 144 x 13(/18) mm (2.95 x 5.7 x 0.5 in.)

Weight 184 +/- 5 g (6.5 ounces) 206 g (7.27 oz.) Extended Specs

Operating System

OpenMoko (when finished), Qtopia

Qtopia Phone Edition (Linux-based) Internet Tablet OS 2007 edition (Linux-based, Maemo 3.2)

Processor 266MHz Samsung System on a Chip (SOC) (Samsung S3C2410AL-26)

Marvell® PXA270 312 MHz TI Omap 2420 320 Mhz

Global Roaming Yes Yes X GPS Yes X X

Camera & Video Camera Type Type Built-in - Immobile Type Built-in -

Immobile Resolution Resolution 1.3 megapixels Resolution 640 x 480

VGA Video

Capture Video

Capture Yes Video

Capture Yes

Flash X Flash X Flash X Features Features Features Supports

videos and photos

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Video Playback TBD Video4 Linux 1 and Video4 Linux 2 - Image: BMP, GIF, ICO, JPEG, PNG, TIFF, SVG-tiny - Video: 3GP, AVI, H.263, MPEG-1, MPEG-4, RV (Real Video)

Streaming TBD X Yes Video Calling X X Yes

Connectivity Data 2.5G GSM – quad band,

voice, CSD, GPRS Tri-band (GSM/GPRS 900/1800/1900)

Internet Browsing

WAP 2.0 / HTML WAP 2.0 / HTML HTML

Opera USB USB 1.1, switchable

between Client and Host (unpowered)

miniUSB USB 2.0

Infrared Port X X X Bluetooth Version 2.0 Version Version 2.0 Profiles Dial-up

Networking, File Transfer, Generic Access, SIM Access, Object Push profile, Human Interface profile, and Serial Port profiles

Wireless LAN X X 802.11b/g Computer Synchronization

Yes Yes Yes

Headset Jack Yes (2.5 mm) Yes Yes (Headset i/f (Mic+Line))

External Antenna

Input Full Keyboard QWERTY (software on-

screen) Phone keypad QWERTY (software on-

screen) Predictive Text Input

TBD Yes X

Soft Keys X 2 X Touch Screen Yes (stylus or fingers) Yes with stylus and handwriting


Side Keys Left Left Volume keys Right Power Key Right Previous Song,

Next Song, Camera

Memory Memory 128MB SDRAM 64MB RAM & 128MB Flash 128 MB RAM, 256 MB

Flash Memory Expansion

microSD (T-Flash) Mini-SD Two internal memory card slots, compatible with SD, MicroSD, MiniSD, MMC, and RS-MMC. Compatible

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with cards up to 2GB, total configuration up to 4GB


Yes Yes Yes

MMS Yes Yes Templates Yes Yes Instant Messaging

TBD Yes Yes

E-mail TBD IMAP / POP3 / SMTP IMAP / POP3 / SMTP Music & Audio

Music Player TBD AMR-NB, AMR-WB, WAV, H.263, MPEG4, AAC, aacPlus and MP3

- Audio: AAC, AMR, MP2, MP3, RA (RealAudio), WAV, WMA - Internet radio playlists: M3U, PLS

Media Player Notifications

Polyphonic Rings MP3 MP3 MP3 Vibration Alert Yes Yes Yes Service Light X X X

Organizer Alarm Yes Yes Yes Calendar Yes Yes Yes Calculator Yes Yes Yes To-Do Yes Yes Yes Stopwatch TBD X X Other TBD X Notes





Yes Yes Yes



Yes Yes Yes

Phone Profiles TBD Yes X Regulatory Approval

FCC Approval ID ID S2VOM1T1Q400

ID O8F-KITT

Date Approved Date Approved

2006-11-08

SAR X Head 0.908 Head 1.16 Body Body 0.23 Measured in 1900 MHz Measured in 1900 MHz

Software Applications TBD Microsoft ActiveSync, ClearVUE

Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF)

Web Browser (Opera) with Flash player , Internet calling with video, Instant Messaging, Email, Media player, Internet Radio, RSS Feed Reader,

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Application installer, PDF viewer, Sketch, File manager, Backup/restore, Image viewer, Notes, Calculator

JAVA (support is planned, but not yet implemented)

J2ME Supported

Voice Dialing TBD X X Commands TBD X X Recording Yes Yes Yes Speaker Phone Yes X Yes

10.1.3 UMPC devices detailed comparative table Devices

Description ASUS R2Hv Fujitsu Lifebook U810 HTC Shift Company / Distributor / Carrier

ASUS / - / - Fujitsu / - / - High Tech Computer Corp. (HTC) / - / -

Dimensions 234 x 133 x 28 mm (WxDxH)

6.73" (W) x 5.24"~6" (D) x 1.04~1.26" (H) (with the 4-cell battery)

8.1 x 5.1 x 1.0 (207 x 129 x 25 mm)

Weight 830g (for Primary Battery) Approx. 1.56 lbs. with 4 cell battery 28.0 oz (800 g) Extended Specs

Operating System

Windows Vista® Business, Windows Vista® Ultimate, Windows Vista® Home Premium

Genuine Windows Vista® Home Premium (or Genuine Windows Vista® Business) (or Genuine Windows® XP Tablet PC Edition 2005)

Microsoft Vista Business OS

Processor / Chipset

Intel® Pentium® M 723, 1GHz, 2MB L2 Cache / Intel® 915GM

Intel® Ultra Mobile platform 2007 Intel® processor A110 (800MHz, 512KB L2 cache, 400MHz FSB) Intel® 945GU Express Chipset Intel® ICH7U I/O Controller Hub

Intel A110 (Stealey) 800 MHz / Qualcomm MSM 7200, 400 Mhz

Global Roaming X X Yes GPS Yes X Yes Security FingerPrint Reader,

ASUS Security Protect Manager

User and supervisor BIOS password3, Boot Sector Write Prevention, Fingerprint Sensor, Trusted Platform Module (TPM)

Fingerprint sensor

Camera & Video

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Camera Type Built-in - Immobile

Type Built-in - Immobile Type Built-in - Immobile

Resolution 1.3 megapixels

Resolution 0.3 MP (640 x 480 resolution)

Resolution 0.3 megapixels VGA

Video Capture

Yes Video Capture

Yes Video Capture

Flash X Flash X Flash X Features Features Features Video Playback Windows Media Player Windows Media Player Windows Media Player Streaming Yes Yes Yes Video Calling Yes Yes Yes

Connectivity Data On board LAN

10/100Mbps Realtek 8101L 100Base Ethernet GPRS/EDGE/UMTS/HSD

PA 1.8 Mbit/s/HSDPA 3.6 Mbit/s

Speed - HSDPA: Up to 3.6Mbps for download and 384 kbps for upload - UMTS: Up to 384kpbs for up- and download

Internet Browsing

Internet Explorer Internet Explorer Internet Explorer USB 2 x USB 2.0A ports

1 x mini-USB2.0A port USB 2.0 USB 2.0

Infrared Port X X X Bluetooth Version 2.0+EDR Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Profiles

Wireless LAN 802.11b / 802.11g 802.11b / 802.11g 802.11b / 802.11g Computer Synchronization

X Yes X

Headset Jack Yes (3.5 mm, audio in and out)

Yes (3.5 mm, audio in and out) Yes (3.5 mm)

Proprietory R2H Port Bar connector for external hub(S/PDIF, VGA, DC-in, 3 USB, LAN) / VGA function support via VGA Cable

VGA (external display) and RJ45 (LAN) via LAN/VGA adapter connector

VGA out

External Antenna

X X X

Input Full Keyboard QWERTY (on-screen

software keyboard), External foldable USB KBD ( optional accessory )

QWERTY (Keyboard with Glide Point: 56 key, 14mm key pitch, 1.3mm key stroke)

QWERTY (slide-out)

Predictive Text Input

X X Yes

Soft Keys Thumb Sticker; X Left/right mouse buttons

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Page Up & Down Button; Functional Setting Button; 4 Way Directional Button; WLAN/ Bluetooth Switch button; Log-in(SAS) Key.

and MicroPad

Touch Screen Yes with stylus and handwriting recognition;

Yes with stylus and handwriting recognition;

Yes with handwriting recognition

7" active matrix TFT (800x480), Embedded Intel® 915 GM internal GFX

5.6-inch Crystal View WSVGA 1024 x 600 pixels, Integrated Intel® Graphics with 3D Accelerator

7" 800x480 TFT LCD, Intel GMA 950

Side Keys X X X

Memory Memory On board 256MB DDR

533MHz, 1 x SODIMM socket for expansion up to 1280 MB DDRII-667 DRAM support, (1GB installed)

1GB DDR2 400MHz RAM 1024 MB RAM

Memory Expansion

SD 1 x Type I/II CF Card slot 1 x Secure Digital (SD) Card Reader

SD

Hard Disk 1.8" 30/40/60/80 GB 40 GB, 1.8-inch PATA Ultra DMA 100 (4200rpm), S.M.A.R.T. support

1.8" 40GB or 60GB hard disc (60GB option)


Yes Yes Yes

MMS Yes Yes Yes Templates Yes Yes Yes Instant Messaging

Yes Yes Yes

E-mail IMAP / POP3 / SMTP / Microsoft Exchange / Lotus Domino /



Music & Audio Music Player Windows Media Player Windows Media Player Windows Media Player

Notifications Polyphonic Rings MP3 MP3 MP3 Vibration Alert X X X Service Light X X X

Organizer Alarm Yes Yes Yes Calendar Yes Yes Yes Calculator Yes Yes Yes To-Do Yes Yes Yes Stopwatch X X X Other X Microsoft Office OneNote®

2007 Notes





Yes Yes Yes

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X X X

Phone Profiles X X Yes Regulatory Approval

FCC Approval ID ID ID SAR X X X

Software Applications ASUS Mobile Theater 4.0,

Microsoft® Touch Pack, Symantec® Norton®, Internet Security 2007, Adobe Acrobat Reader 7.0, NERO 7 Essentials, ASUS Infopen, ASUS WinFlash, ASUS Live Update, ASUS Power4Gear+.

Microsoft Works with Office 2007 Home and Student Trial (on Genuine Windows Vista® Home Premium model only), Microsoft Office OneNote® 2007 (on Genuine Windows Vista® Business and XP TPC model only), Microsoft Origami Experience Pack (on Genuine Windows Vista® models only), Microsoft Experience Pack for Tablet (on XP TPC model only) ArcSoft Web Companion 2, Softex OmniPass, Adobe Acrobat Reader, Fujitsu Menu, Fujitsu Driver Update, Zoom utility, Bluetooth Driver and Utility, Trusted Platform Module (TPM) Driver and Utility CD

Windows native softwares

JAVA (not supported by default, requires proper runtime environment installed)

(not supported by default, requires proper runtime environment installed)

(not supported by default, requires proper runtime environment installed)

Voice Dialing Yes Yes Yes Commands Yes Yes Yes Recording Yes Yes Yes Speaker Phone Yes Yes Yes Push-to-Talk X X X VoIP Yes Yes Yes

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10.1.4 Other devices detailed comparative table Devices

Description RIM BlackBerry Curve 8320

Apple iPhone OQO model 02

Company / Distributor / Carrier

Research In Motion (RIM) / - / Rogers

Apple / Apple / AT&T OQO / - / -

Dimensions 4.2 x 2.4 x 0.6 (107 x 60 x 15.5 mm)

4.5 x 2.4 x 0.5 (115 x 61 x 11.6 mm) 5.6”(W) x 3.3”(H) x 1.0”(D)

Weight 3.9 oz (111 g) 4.8 oz (135 g) 1.0 lb with standard battery (may vary based on hardware configuration)


BlackBerry OS 4.2.2 Mac OS X (iPhone) - Windows Vista® Ultimate, Business - Windows® XP Tablet PC Edition 2005, Windows® XP Professional, Windows® XP Home

Processor 312 MHz Intel Processor Samsung® ARM 1176 620MHz with TrustZone (enables trusted computing environment for media, apps, network, OS, etc.)

1.6GHz VIA C7M ULV

Global Roaming Yes Yes Yes GPS X X X Security embedded AES hardware

encryption Camera & Video

Camera Type Built-in - Immobile

Type Built-in - Immobile Type X

Resolution 2.0 megapixels

Resolution 2.0 megapixels Resolution

Video Capture

Yes Video Capture

Yes Video Capture

Flash Flash Flash Features 5x digital

zoom, self-portrait mirror

Features Features

Video Playback - MPEG4, H.263, WMV formats supported - Media Player

- H.264, MPEG-4 fortmats supported - Video Player

Windows Media Player

Streaming X X Yes

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Video Calling X X X Connectivity

Data GPRS/EDGE (850/900/1800/1900)

GPRS/EDGE (850/900/1800/1900) Mobile broadband (optional): Integrated EV-DO Rev. A modem

Internet Browsing

HTML HTML

BlackBerry Browser, RSS Safari Browser; Tabs supported Internet Explorer USB USB Yes Yes Infrared Port X X X Bluetooth Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Version 2.0 Profiles Headset (HSP)

/ Handsfree (HFP) / Serial Port (SPP) / Advanced Audio Distribution (A2DP) / Audio/Visual Remote Control Profile (AVRCP)



Wireless LAN 802.11b / 802.11g 802.11b / 802.11g Atheros tri-mode 802.11a/b/g

UMA Yes X X Computer Synchronization

Yes Yes, via iTunes X

Headset Jack Yes (3.5 mm) Yes (3.5 mm) Yes (3.5 mm, line out/line in)

Proprietory iPOD Connector - video out: HDMI, VGA/Ethernet adapter (included), HDMI-DVI adapter available - docking/power connector

Input Full Keyboard QWERTY X (QWERTY on-screen software

keyboard) QWERTY

Predictive Text Input

Yes X X

Soft Keys X X X Touch Screen X Yes screen technology: active

digitizer for pen input (not available on all configurations)

Side Keys Left Convenience key

Left Ring/Silent key, Volume keys

Left

Right Volume keys, Convenience key

Memory Memory 64 MB flash 8 GB flash 1GB DDR2 SDRAM 533

MHz Memory Expansion

microSD (T-Flash) X X

Hard-Disk - up to 120GB (40GB,

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60GB, 80GB also available) - also available with 32 GB solid state drive (SSD)


Yes Yes Yes

MMS Yes X X Templates X X X Instant Messaging

Yes X Yes

IMAP / POP3 / SMTP E-mail IMAP / POP3 / SMTP / Microsoft Exchange / Lotus Domino / Blackberry Connect

Features Push Yahoo! Email


Music & Audio Music Player MP3, AMR-NB,

AAC/AAC+/eAAC+, WMA, WAV formats supported

MP3, MP3 VBR, AAC, Protected AAC, Audible (formats 1, 2, and 3), Apple Lossless, AIFF, WAV formats supported

Windows Media Player

iPod player Notifications

Polyphonic Rings MP3 Yes MP3 Vibration Alert Yes Yes X Service Light Yes X X

Organizer Alarm Yes Yes Yes Calendar Yes Yes Yes Calculator Yes Yes Yes To-Do Yes X Yes Stopwatch X Yes plus Timer X Other Notes Google Maps, YouTube, Weather,

Stocks, Microsoft Word/Excel and Adobe PDF readers


system memory X Capacity depends on

system memory Multiple Numbers per Contact

Yes plus email and address fields Yes



Yes X X

Phone Profiles Yes Yes X Regulatory Approval

FCC Approval ID ID ID Date Approved 2007-05-17 SAR X Head 0.97 X Body 0.38 Measured in 1900 MHz

Software Applications BlackBerry® Maps Various 3rd-party applications

possible pre-firmware 1.1.1 Microsoft® Office Small Business Edition 2007

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(optional) JAVA Yes X (not supported by default,

requires proper runtime environment installed)

Voice Dialing Yes X Yes Commands Yes X Yes Recording Yes Yes Yes Speaker Phone Yes Yes Yes Push-to-Talk Yes X X VoIP (Through 3rd-party

software) (Through 3rd-party software) (Through 3rd-party

software)

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10.2 Annex B

10.2.1 Wireless Handheld Demo

10.2.2 Installation and configuration guide Importing the project in the Eclipse IDE. 1. To import the project named “wirelesshandheld”, use the Import functionality within Eclipse.

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2. Once in the Import window, select Existing Projects into Workspace from the General

directory and click Next.

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3. Select the Select root directory and enter the path to the project.

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4. Once the project is imported, export the project in WAR format to the Tomcat webapps directory. To do this, simply right-click on the project from the project explorer window and go to Export and then WAR file.

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Configuration of the DataSource for COPlanS In order to allow the chat to access the database: 1. Add in conf/server.xml from TOMCAT, inside the tag <GlobalNamingResources>: <Resource name="jdbc/coplans" auth="Container" type="javax.sql.DataSource" driverClassName="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" factory="org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.dbcp.BasicDataSourceFactory" url="jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:XE" username="coplans1_4_91" password="coplans1_4_91" maxActive="20" maxIdle="10" maxWait="-1" /> 2. Add in conf/context.xml inside the tag <Context> <WatchedResource>WEB-INF/web.xml</WatchedResource> <ResourceLink global="jdbc/coplans" name="jdbc/coplans" type="javax.sql.DataSource"/>

dcd03e rev.(10-1999)

UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF FORM

(Highest Classification of Title, Abstract, Keywords)

DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA

1. ORIGINATOR (name and address)

Fujitsu

2. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

(Including special warning terms if applicable)

Unclassified

3. TITLE (Its classification should be indicated by the appropriate abbreviation (S, C, R or U)

Identification of Requirements related to the use of a wireless handheld tool for a Commander (U)

4. AUTHORS (Last name, first name, middle initial. If military, show rank, e.g. Doe, Maj. John E.)

Stéphane Fortin

5. DATE OF PUBLICATION (month and year)

January 2008

6a. NO. OF PAGES

74

6b .NO. OF REFERENCES

47

7. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (the category of the document, e.g. technical report, technical note or memorandum. Give the inclusive dates when a specific reporting period is covered.)

Contract Report

8. SPONSORING ACTIVITY (name and address)

N. Pageau et M. Bélanger

9a. PROJECT OR GRANT NO. (Please specify whether project or grant)

9b. CONTRACT NO.

W7701-054996/008/QCL - W7701-8-1681NP

10a. ORIGINATOR’S DOCUMENT NUMBER

CR 2009-119

10b. OTHER DOCUMENT NOS

N/A

11. DOCUMENT AVAILABILITY (any limitations on further dissemination of the document, other than those imposed by security classification)

Unlimited distribution

Restricted to contractors in approved countries (specify)

Restricted to Canadian contractors (with need-to-know)

Restricted to Government (with need-to-know)

Restricted to Defense departments

Others

12. DOCUMENT ANNOUNCEMENT (any limitation to the bibliographic announcement of this document. This will normally correspond to the Document Availability (11). However, where further distribution (beyond the audience specified in 11) is possible, a wider announcement audience may be selected.)

Unlimited



dcd03e rev.(10-1999)



13. ABSTRACT (a brief and factual summary of the document. It may also appear elsewhere in the body of the document itself. It is highly desirable that the abstract of classified documents be unclassified. Each paragraph of the abstract shall begin with an indication of the security classification of the information in the paragraph (unless the document itself is unclassified) represented as (S), (C), (R), or (U). It is not necessary to include here abstracts in both official languages unless the text is bilingual).

In today’s reality, technologies guide or influence the way we do business. We have entered the the technology era where information is to be available everywhere at any time. In a military context where commanders have to move regularly out of their office, we see an increasing need for mobile technologies allowing them to keep the Canadian Forces (CF) working. Based on that principle, this study’s goal is to ultimately identify the requirements for the use of a wireless handheld tool for commanders.

This report aims at providing, in the first place, a description of the wireless handheld (cellphones and smartphones) domain and the trends. This will then be followed by a comparative study of the various wireless handheld tools available on the market. Each technology will be described and commented before presenting a comparative table. These technologies will be evaluated based on their portability, versatility and expendability. For each of them, comments will be made with regards to security which is a major factor within the Canadian Forces.

Based on the observations made through the comparative study, we will choose one technology that offers the most robust, versatile and flexible solution based on the current technologies and solutions used within the Canadian Forces. We will also take into consideration the trend on the market in order to plan for future technologies and standards.

In order to better support the choices and recommendations made throughout this report, we will discuss the emerging technologies and trend as well as the best business practices based on various research and studies from Gartner and Forrester.

Ultimately, the goal is to provide enough information and proof that wireless handheld tools are rapidly taking over and soon, they will be part of our daily reality. In this particular case, we are keeping in mind the work and situation of commanding officers that have multiple responsibilities and tasks to achieve in parallel. For this reason, it is impossible for one individual to be in many places at the same time to handle various tasks concurrently. This document will act as a proof of concept where we demonstrate that a commanding officer could very well interact with systems, taking part of collaborative planning and/or situational awareness all while not necessarily being physically in the operation center.

14. KEYWORDS, DESCRIPTORS or IDENTIFIERS (technically meaningful terms or short phrases that characterize a document and could be helpful in cataloguing the document. They should be selected so that no security classification is required. Identifiers, such as equipment model designation, trade name, military project code name, geographic location may also be included. If possible keywords should be selected from a published thesaurus, e.g. Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms (TEST) and that thesaurus-identified. If it is not possible to select indexing terms which are Unclassified, the classification of each should be indicated as with the title.)

Handheld devices

Decision Support

JCDS 21

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SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF FORM (Highest Classification of Title, Abstract, Keywords)

Canada’s Leader in Defenceand National Security

Science and Technology

Chef de file au Canada en matièrede science et de technologie pourla défense et la sécurité nationale

www.drdc-rddc.gc.ca

Defence R&D Canada R & D pour la défense Canada

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