Identification and utilization of novel sources of resistance against soil borne pathogens in wheat

Amer Dababat et al.

CIMMYT Pathologist -Turkey

CAIGE Meeting, Adelaide, 20.03.12

Tackled diseases:

1. Cereal Cyst Nematode: Heterodera filipjevi and H. avenae 2. Root Lesion Nematode: Pratylenchus neglectus and P.

thornei 3. Crown Rot: Fusarium culmorum

Up to 9500 tubes in one run the new tubes increased our efficacy 3 times

Resistance

Yozgat CCN YT 2011

Tolerance and/or resistance reaction

Cereal Cyst Nematode Scoring System 1. (R) 2. (MR) 3. (MS) 4. (S) 5. (HS)

Disease Scoring

Further confirmation and validation of newly identified novel sources of SBP resistance which are high yielding advanced germplasm, with specific emphasis on multiple SBP resistance

Delivery of SBP characterized germplasm to Australia within the context of CIMMYT International Nurseries

Molecular characterization of most promising novel sources of resistance for specific SBP with key linkages of useful populations with the AWBMMP. Production of new mapping populations for Root Lesion Nematode and Crown Rot

Project Objectives:

Spring Wheat – Adana PPI

Resistance reaction of SW genotypes (168 lines) against the Crown Rot (Cr), Pratylenchus neglectus (Pn), P. thornei (Pt), and Heterodera avenae (Ha) under GR conditions

1

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32

Num

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atho

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Tested pathogens

ENT

11

Cro

ss

GID

CID

SID

CR

PT

PN

H.a

v

29 MTRWA92.161/PRINIA/5/SERI*3//RL6010/4*YR/3/PASTOR/4/BAV92

5894993 476179 65 x x x

94 PASTOR/JANZ//BERKUT 5686795 462770 19 x x x

107 SOKOLL/EXCALIBUR 5687026 479309 358 x x x

35 BERKUT/EXCALIBUR 5895244 476048 83 x x x

68 SUNSTATE/4/VEE/MJI//2*TUI/3/PASTOR 5686519 462147 53 x x x

41 SOKOLL/EXCALIBUR 5895341 486152 105 x x x

104 ALTAR 84/AE.SQ//2*OPATA/3/SLVS/PASTOR 5687005 479304 70 x x x

5 CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/BAV92/4/BERKUT

5686537 462232 109 x x x

58 VEE/MJI//2*TUI/3/2*PASTOR/4/BERKUT/5/PFAU/MILAN 5686412 480520 66 x x x

76 ATTILA*2/9/KT/BAGE//FN/U/3/BZA/4/TRM/5/ALDAN/6/SERI/7/VEE#10/8/OPATA/10/CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//FCT/3/2*WEAVER/11/PRL/2*PASTOR

5686573 462570 23 x x x

103 ALTAR 84/AE.SQ//2*OPATA/3/SLVS/PASTOR 5687004 479304 69 x x x

155 SOKOLL//SLVS/PASTOR/3/ATTILA*2//CHIL/BUC 5837084 481626 115 x x x

162 SOKOLL/SLVS 5895336 486150 303 x x x

12 KLDR/PEWIT1//MILAN/DUCULA 5686762 462712 61 x x x x

36 D67.2/P66.270//AE.SQUARROSA (320)/3/ CUNNINGHAM/4/PASTOR /SLVS

5895245 481431 274 x x x x

124 SOKOLL//SW89-5124*2/FASAN 5894621 485799 45 x x x x

Resistance reaction of Spring Wheat from GA-IRAN (24 genotypes) against the Crown Rot (Cr), Pratylenchus neglectus (Pn), P. thornei (Pt), and Heterodera avenae (Ha) under growth room conditions

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2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Tested pathogens

Num

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ENT 11

Cross CID SID Cr Pt Pn Hav

9 SOKOLL//W15.92/WBLL1 473237 30 x x x 23 MILAN/SHA7/3/CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA

(224)//OPATA 385184 50 x x x

1 BABAX/LR42//BABAX/3/ER2000 435275 71 x x 18 BETTY/3/CHEN/AE.SQ//2*OPATA 426091 40 x x

14 CHIR3/4/SIREN//ALTAR 84/AE.SQUARROSA (205)/3/3*BUC/5/PFAU/WEAVER

425852 42 x x

24 SOKOLL 334948 307 x 10 MEX94.27.1.20/3/SOKOLL//ATTILA/3*BCN 473281 58 x x x

2 ATTILA*2/PBW65//BERKUT 450351 72 x x 7 SOKOLL/WBLL1 460354 92 x x 3 KS82W418/SPN/3/CHEN/AE.SQ//2*OPATA/4/FRET2 452449 142 x x

12 PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/3/WBLL1 460356 149 x x 21 CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (224)//OPATA/3/PASTOR 411101 55 x x 11 MEX94.27.1.20/3/SOKOLL//ATTILA/3*BCN 473281 61 x 20 CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (224)//OPATA/3/PASTOR 411101 52 x 22 D67.2/P66.270//AE.SQUARROSA

(320)/3/CUNNINGHAM 399013 361 x

SBP ZJN11 nursery available Cross (Pedigree) PT PN CR

Cre marker

1 Y

D67.2/P66.270//AE.SQUARROSA (320)/3/CUNNINGHAM/4/PASTOR/SLVS PT PN CR 1 & 8 MOD PERFORMER 2010

2 SOKOLL//W15.92/WBLL1 PT PN CR NA HIGH YIELDING UNDER DROUGHT AND FULL IRRIGATION V HIGH YIELDING 2009

3 ATTILA*2/PBW65//BERKUT PT PN HIGH YIELDING 2009

4 BABAX/LR42//BABAX/3/ER2000 PT PN NA HIGH YIELDING CROSS HIGH YIELDING 2010

5 BABAX/LR42//BABAX/3/ER2000 PT PN V HIGH YIELDING UNDER DROUGHT AND FULL IRRIGATION NA

6 BABAX/LR42//BABAX/3/ER2000 PT PN HIGH YIELDING CROSS HIGH YIELDING 2009

7 SOKOLL/WBLL1 PT PN NA V HIGH YIELDING UNDER DROUGHT AND FULL IRRIGATION V HIGH YIELDING 2009

8 T.DICOCCON PI94625/AE.SQUARROSA (372)//3*PASTOR PT PN NA HIGH YIELDING 2009

9 TC870344/GUI//TEMPORALERA M 87/AGR/3/2*WBLL1 PT PN NA HIGH YIELDING UNDER DROUGHT AND FULL IRRIGATION HIGH YIELDING 2009

10 KS82142/2*WBLL1 PT PN NA HIGH YIELDING UNDER DROUGHT AND FULL IRRIGATION V HIGH YIELDING 2009

11 KS82142/2*WBLL1 PT PN NA HIGH YIELDING 2009

12 KS82142/2*WBLL1 PT PN NA V HIGH YIELDING UNDER DROUGHT AND FULL IRRIGATION V HIGH YIELDING 2009

13 KS82142/2*WBLL1 PT PN NA HIGH YIELDING IN 17SAWYT HIGH YIELDING 2009

14 VEE/MJI//2*TUI/3/2*PASTOR/4/BERKUT PT PN NA HIGH YIELDING UNDER DROUGHT AND FULL IRRIGATION V HIGH YIELDING 2009

15 Y SOKOLL//SLVS/PASTOR/3/ATTILA*2//CHIL/BUC PT PN 1 HIGH YIELDING IN 17SAWYT NA

16 KS82W418/SPN/3/CHEN/AE.SQ//2*OPATA/4/FRET2 PT PN NA NA NA

17 PASTOR//HXL7573/2*BAU/3/SOKOLL/WBLL1 PT PN NA NA HIGH YIELDING 2009

18 CHEN/AEGILOPS SQUARROSA (TAUS)//BCN/3/BAV92/4/BERKUT PT PN HIGH YIELDING IN 18SAWYT VARIABLE - V HIGH AT SOME LOCATION 2010

19 MTRWA92.161/PRINIA/5/SERI*3//RL6010/4*YR/3/PASTOR/4/BAV92 PT PN CR HIGH YIELDING IN 18SAWYT V HIGH YIELDING 2010

20

D67.2/P66.270//AE.SQUARROSA (320)/3/CUNNINGHAM/4/PASTOR/SLVS PT PN CR

HIGH YIELDING IN 18SAWYT MOD PERFORMER 2010

21 CROC_1/AE.SQUARROSA (213)//PGO/3/CMH81.38/2*KAUZ/4/BERKUT PT CR HIGH YIELDING IN 18SAWYT HIGH YIELDING 2010

22 OR 9437534/SOKOLL//SOKOLL PN CR HIGH YIELDING IN 18SAWYT VARIABLE - V HIGH AT SOME LOCATION 2010

23 MTRWA92.161/PRINIA/5/SERI*3//RL6010/4*YR/3/PASTOR/4/BAV92 PN CR HIGH YIELDING IN 18SAWYT VARIABLE - V HIGH AT SOME LOCATION 2010

24 BERKUT/EXCALIBUR PN CR HIGH YIELDING IN 18SAWYT VARIABLE - V HIGH AT SOME LOCATION 2010

Nursery request due by last Friday 16th March – so far 11 requests All data including CIMMYT and Aust Yld data on CAIGE website

11 Cross Block Spring Wheat screened against CR F. culmorum

0102030405060708090

100

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% o

f gen

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es re

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CR

Germplasm reaction (1-5 scale)

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sc

ore/

5

reps

Gro

up

65 KERN(YR15;GPC;2NS) USA 1,4 1 79 CNDO/R143//ENTE/MEXI_2/3/AEGILO

PS SQUARROSA (TAUS)/4/WEAVER/5/2*PASTOR/6/SKAUZ/PARUS//PARUS

CMSS04Y00421S MX 1,6 1

92 SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ/4/PBW343*2/KUKUNA

CGSS03B00169S MX 1,6 1

14 SHARP/3/PRL/SARA//TSI/VEE#5/5/VEE/LIRA//BOW/3/BCN/4/KAUZ

081287 CMSA00Y00820T MX 1,6 1

75 EXCALIBUR/WBLL1 CMSA00Y00600S MX 1,8 1

120 ATTILA/3*BCN*2//BAV92 CMSS97M04170F 1,8 1

44 6R(6D) Cre R - not effective in TURKEY

030883 AUS 1,8 1

12 KIRITATI/4/SERI.1B*2/3/KAUZ*2/BOW//KAUZ

081272 CGSS02Y00140S MX 1,8 1

15 WEAVER/TSC//WEAVER/3/WEAVER/4/WAXWING

081328 CGSS02Y00202S MX 1,8 1

Seri ( S) 951027 1,6 1 Altay ( MR) 10627 4,0 4

The dry land Crown Rot caused by Fusarium spp

Growth Room & Laboratory work

One germinated seed is sown in each tube , Nematodes inoculation (300 J2) at the same day with seed sowing, fusarium inoculation one week after seed sowing (1000.000 spore/1ml to the stem base).

Browning on the crown/stem

1= % 1-9

2= % 10-29 3= % 30-69 4= % 70-89 5= % 90-99

.

To Identify Resistant Wheat Lines Against CR under GR & Field Conditions

The inoculum was cultured on SNA plates of F. culmorum.

CR Scale 0-10 Crown Lesioning

Crown Rot ‘Fusarium culmorum’

To identify resistant wheat lines against CR under Field conditions

• Experiments contains check lines and replicated 3 x

• Plants are being scored during the field season for the typical symptoms of a. whitehead formation

b. crown tissue score (degree of browning at the base of tissue)

• Reisolation of fungi from observation plots are being checked

Scoring the Plants During The Season

The plants are scored twice using a 0-5 scale with and without inoculation plots

1.Ripening (Zadock growth stage 91-94) based on whitehead formation premature death of tillers, the key symptom of Crown Rot

2.Maturity (Zadock growth stage 99) based on overall plant stand and scoring growth reduction(gr) in inoculated vs control;

1. <5-10 % gr

2. >5-10 % gr

3. 10-30% gr

4. 30-50% gr

5. > 50% gr

Surveyed Locations for Root Diseases in Cereal fields/Turkey 2011

EYE SPOT Rhizoctonia sp., Psedocercosporella

COMMON ROOT ROT Bipolaris sorokiniana

TAKE ALL Geaumannomyces graminis var tritici.

CROWN ROT Fusarium sp.

REPRESENTATIVE SURVEY SAMPLES & CAUSAL PATHOGENS 2011

Isolation already started further work is being planned to colloborate with Bonn University.

THRACE REGION

White Head

Rotation

Winter wheat widely grown Surveyed locations: Tekirdağ,Edirne, Kırklareli Total wheat grown area in these locations 4.538.872 da (2007) Sunflower is being used as rotation crop but it is not controlled the soil borne root disease. The most common pathogen Fusarium, Psedocercosporella, Rhizoctonia, Cochliobolus, Rhizopus, Cephalosporium, Gaeumannomyces, Pythium and Alternaria Disease severity % 32.

Crown Rot Yield Losses 1112

Locations Yozgat

Eskisehir Adana Edirne

Diyarbakır

A set of Spring, Winter and Facultative wheat genotypes which widely grown in Turkey will be planted in different locations for yield losses trials. Standard check lines will be included as well. Treatments: 1. Control (only seeds, but soil Fc infested) 2. Fc treated 3. Chemical ST, 4. Fc treated + Chemical ST

5. One more treatment was planted in Fusarium cleaned area to serve absolute controls for both trials

Last No GEO Germplasm

WBW, SBW, FBW

1 Altay 2000 WBW

2 Bezostaja 1 WBW

3 Karahan-99 WBW

4 Kate A-1 WBW

5 Sönmez 2001 WBW

6 Adana-99 SBW 7 Pandas SBW 8 Seri 82 SBW 9 Carisma SBW

10 Kiziltan 91 WDW

11 Momtchill FBW

12 Pamukova 97 FBW

13 Tahirova 2000 FBW

14 Esperia FBW

No.

NU

RSER

Y N

AME

NU

R A

BB.

EN

T #

REPS

YI

ELD

/OBS

W

ith/W

itho

ut In

ocul

um

YOZG

AT

ADAN

A

EDIR

NE

Not

e

11 12 Crown Rot National 12CR NAT 100 2 O H X 1 m long (5 g) seeds

12 12 Crossing Block Crown Rot IWWIP 12CB CR IWWIP 141 1 O H X

5 g seeds for both Growth Room and Field testing. Will be planted in 1 m long under field condition.

13 29th Semi Arid Wheat Spring Nursery- Mex

29THSAWSN Mex 126 3 O H X

14 Material Introduction Nursery Crown Rot MINCR 252 1 O H X

15 27 Semi Arid Spring Wheat Nursery 27SASWN 126 1 x

16 12 Yield Trial Crown Rot 12YTCR 58 2 Y H/L X

17 12 Crown Rot Observation Nursery 12CRON 43 1

18 Crown Rot Yield Losses CRYL 14 4 Y H/L X 2 X

19 Seed Increase x x

2012 CR Field Trials

Factors Soil type 1. 70:30:1 Sand: Field soil:Organic matter

2. 50:50:1 Sand: Field soil:Organic matter Harvest time 1. 9. weeks

2. 13. weeks varieties 1. Warrigal ( Susceptible)

2. AUS4930 7.2 (MR) Irrigation system (Bottom) 1. Clothe

2. Perlit Pot (Tube) 1. 30x125 mm

2. 20x100 mm 3. 15x100 mm

Inoculum density (nematode/plant)

1. 400 2. 600

Optimizing screening methodology for P. thornei

.

These were assessed in a Split/Split/Split Plot (irrigation system/harvest time/tube size) and then Randomized Block Design (ID x variety) with 6 replicates

1. 70:29:1 (Sand:Field Soil:Organic matter) 2. 400 P. thornei/plant 3. Bottom perlite irrigation system 4. 9 weeks harvest time 5. 15x100 mm tube size

Recommendations from screening experiment

Didem Sağlam PhD Student Ankara University Expected to finish in 2012

Mustafa İmren PhD Student Plant Protection Institute Adana

Expected to finish in 2013

Shree Ram Pariyar

PhD Student Bonn University Started in 2011

Fateh Toumi PhD Student Ghent University - Belgium Started in 2011

Name Position Institute Shiyo Kawaguchi ICARDA

Farah Jahansahi Afsar

Agriculture Engineer

Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection

Andrew Markham Student Intern Food World Prize Khurshid Sadullavech

Agriculture Engineer

Institute of Genetics & Plant Experimental Biology of AS RUz /IFAR

Student

Trainee in 2011

Acknowledgments MARA: Dr Necmettin Bolat, Mr Adnan Tulek, Ms Aysel Yorgancilar, Mr. Abdullah Taner Kılınc, Mr Irfan Gultekin, Dr Nazım Dinçer, Dr Muzaffer Avci, Dr Selami Yazar, Mr Taner Akar, Dr Emin Donmez, Mr Enver Kendal, Şinasi Orhan, Mr Mustafa Çakmak, Mr Savas Belen, Mr. Yakup Karaman, Mr. Celalettin Aygün, Mr. Bilal Demir. UNIVERSITY: Prof. Halil Elekcioglu, Prof. Sultan Çoban. PPI: Dr Halil Toktay, and Dr Ilker Kepenekci , Mr Mustafa İmren, Mr Fatih ölmez, Mr Atilla Öcal. CIMMYT: Dr Alex Morgounov, Dr Gul Erginbas Orakci, Ms Didem Saglam, Dr Julie Nicol, Dr Karim Ammar, Dr Etienne Duveiller, Dr Hans Braun, Dr Yann Manes Dr, Dr Beyhan Akin, Ms Bahar Erdemel, Mr Bayram Erbas,. UNIVERSITIES : Bonn University (Prof Richard Sikora , Prof. Dr. Florian Grundler, Dr. Ismail Sayim , Mr Shree Pariyar ). 19 Mayıs University (Prof. Dr. Berna Tunalı, Mr. Bayram Kansu ). SYNGENTA: Cliff Wartin, Melanie Klix, Michael Oostendorp, Danile Hernandez, Dieter Hofer, Cüneyt Köseoğlu, Volkan Türkmen oğlu. INTERNATIONAL PARTNERS: Australia (University of Adelaide, Victorian Institute of Dryland Agriculture, South Australian Research and Development Corporation, DEEDI, CSIRO, University of Sydney, Adelaide and Southern Queensland), France (INRA), Germany (University Bonn), United Kingdom (Rothamsted Experiment Station, CABI. Scottish Crop Research Institute), Sweden (SLU), Belgium (Agricultural Research Centre), USA (WSU and OSU), ICARDA, Dr Richard Trethowan, Uni of Sydney, GAIGE Co-ordinator Sandra Micallef Special thanks to Turkish Ministry of Agriculture (Dr Masum Burak, Dr. Vehbi Eser, Dr Ali O. Sari), CIMMYT (Dr Hans J Braun and Dr Thomas Lumpkin), Grains Research Development Corporation of Australia (Dr Omid Ansari), and SYNGENTA for supporting this work