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THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS

Full Technical REPORT 2010Full Technical REPORT ICTPICTP

THE ABDUS SALAM INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR THEORETICAL PHYSICS FULL TECHNICAL REPORT 2010

ISSN 2079-9187

Compiled by the ICTP Public Information Office April 2011

Cover design by APS Comunicazione

Public Information Office The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Strada Costiera, 11 I - 34151 Trieste Italy

[email protected]

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ICTP Full Technical Report 2010

INTRODUCTION

This document is the full technical report of ICTP for the year 2010. For the non-technical description of 2010 highlights, please see the printed “Summary of Activities 2010” book.

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CONTeNTs

Research

High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (HECAP) 6

Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics 12

Synchrotron Radiation Related Theory 19

Mathematics 21

Earth System Physics (ESP) 27

Structure and Nonlinear Dynamics of the Earth (SAND) 45

Applied Physics 58

Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory 58

Physics of the Living State 64

Fluid Dynamics 72

Optics and Lasers 73

Multidisciplinary Laboratory (MLab) 74

Training and Education Programmes

PhD Level

Diploma Programme 89

ICTP-IAEA Sandwich Training Educational Programme (STEP) 92

Joint Programmes in Higher Education 98

ICTP-University of Trieste Laurea Magistralis in Fisica, and Laurea Magistralis in Astrofisica e Fisica Spaziale 98

PhD Programme in Environmental Fluid Mechanics 98

Career Support

Associateship Scheme 99

Federation Arrangements Scheme 102

Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL) 103

ICTP-ELETTRA Users Programme 105

SESAME Project 107

Training and Education in Developing Countries

Office of External Activities (OEA) 108

Awards and Prizes

Dirac Medal 111

ICTP Prize 111

ICO/ICTP Gallieno Denardo Award 112

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Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians from Developing Countries 112

Scientific Support Services

Marie Curie Library 114

Science Dissemination Unit 116

Information and Communication Technology Section (ICTS) 119

The African Physical Review 120

Appendices

Scientific Calendar 2010 122

Publications:

Scientific papers:

High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 131

Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics 134

Synchrotron Radiation Related Theory 140

Mathematics 140

Earth System Physics 143

Structure and Nonlinear Dynamics of the Earth 149

Applied Physics 151

Aeronomy and Radiopropagation Laboratory 151

Biosciences 151

Fluid Dynamics 153

Optics and Lasers 153

Multidisciplinary Laboratory 153

Science Dissemination Unit 155

Preprints and Internal Reports 156

ICTP Statistics 2010 172

List of Financial Contributors 172

Visits to Research and Training Activities, 2010 173

Summary of ICTP Research and Training Activities, 2010 184

ICTP Visitors and Person-Months by Country, 2010 186

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ReseARCH

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HIGH eNeRGY, COsMOLOGY AND AsTROPARTICLe PHYsICs ReseARCH

summary of Research Activities

There are four broad research areas in the High Energy Section:

I. Phenomenology of Particle Physics, II. Cosmology, III. LHC, and IV. Gravity, String and Higher Dimensional Theories.

Phenomenology of Particle Physics

The research activity in 2010 covered the following areas: Left-right symmetric models, neutrino phenomenology, supersymmetry, physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), and flavor physics.

I. Left-right symmetry and LHC

a) A complete update study of the minimal Left-Right (LR) symmetric theory, which led originally to the seesaw mechanism, has been performed. Analysis of the available experimental data gives the lower limit on the mass of the right-handed gauge bosons 2.5 TeV. This mass is easily accessible to the LHC even with a low luminosity, contrary to some recent claims in the literature.

b) The positive claim of observation of the neutrinoless double beta decay in the Heidelberg-Moscow experiment can be reconciled with the cosmological bound on the sum of neutrino masses, if new physics beyond the usual light Majorana neutrino masses is introduced. The models with the LR-symmetry and type II seesaw can play this role if the scale of LR-symmetry breaking lies in the TeV region. A connection has been established between possible LHC discovery of the right-handed charged gauge boson and right-handed neutrinos, the neutrinoless double beta decay rate and the rates of the same sign lepton pair production at colliders.

II. Neutrino phenomenology

a) The Tri-bimaximal (TBM) mixing and TBM symmetry are paradigm of the present day explanation of the lepton mixing. It was shown that the experimentally allowed deviations from the TBM mixing can lead to even maximal violation of the TBM mass relations and the TBM symmetry and therefore the TBM mixing can be accidental. In this connection alternatives to the TBM mass matrix have been considered which include matrices with an “anarchical” structure, with certain “flavor alignment”, with hierarchical two-component structure, etc. This opens up new approaches to understand the lepton mixing.

b) Several subtle issues of the theory of neutrino oscillations have been clarified which include the energy-momentum conservation, entanglement and localization as well as quantum field theory (QFT) description of oscillations. It has been shown that the S-matrix formalism of QFT can adequately describe neutrino oscillations if correct space-time localization conditions are imposed. Kinematic entanglement and subsequent disentanglement of the neutrinos and recoiling states are irrelevant, the contribution of the recoil particle to the oscillation phase is negligible.

c) The dependence of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes on the deviations of 2-3 mixing from maximal, the 2-3 mixing octant and the 2-3 neutrino mass splitting have been studied. Sensitivities of an iron (magnetized) calorimeter detector (ICAL) to these parameters have

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been estimated. It is shown that ICAL can measure the difference of masses squared in the neutrino and antineutrino channels (the CPT test) with an accuracy better than 0.0001 eV-squared.

d) Recent results from the solar neutrino experiments do not show the expected “upturn’’ of the energy spectrum of events at low energies. On the other hand, cosmological observations testify for possible existence of additional relativistic degrees of freedom in the early Universe. It is shown that both these facts can be explained by existence of very light sterile neutrino which mixes weakly with the active neutrinos. Such a mixing can be tested in the forthcoming experiments with the atmospheric neutrinos as well as in future accelerator long baseline experiments.

III. Supersymmetry, GUT, extra dimensions.

a) Supersymmetric models with the gauged B-L and LR symmetries have been explored where the R-parity is spontaneously broken. The minimal version of these models leads automatically to two right-handed neutrinos with masses in the sub-eV range. This is favored in view of the recent results from BBN and neutrino oscillation experiments. If the seesaw mechanism is implemented, the theory predicts multi-lepton final states production with the lepton number violation at hadron colliders such as the LHC.

b) If the MSSM is taken as a complete model of low energy phenomena, including neutrino mass, the only dark matter candidate must be a (slow) decaying gravitino. This scenario canaccount for the PAMELA claim of the positron excess in cosmic rays, as long as the sleptons have masses above 10-100 TeV and thus out of the LHC reach. This in turn leads to prediction of events with the so-called displaced vertices at the LHC.

c) A case was made for the type II seesaw in the SO(10) grand unified theory with low energy supersymmetry. This has important implications for b-tau unification and can lead to a predictive mediation of supersymmetry breaking by the fields responsible for the see-saw mechanism.

d) An explicit model of the Lorentz symmetry violation which generalizes the Randal-Sundrum metric is proposed. A scenario with one warped extra dimension yields Lorentz violation in the four dimensional brane that contains the Standard Model. A solution of the Einstein equations has been found with branes tilted with respect to each other. The magnitude of the tilt is linked to a space dependence of the mass of the elementary particles. The dependence is constrained by measurement of the hydrogen lines of distant stars in different sectors of the sky.

IV. Flavor physics and fermion masses.

a) The observed mass hierarchy and flavor mixing of fermions can be obtained from certain flavor symmetry at the TeV scale. This possibility implies existence of new scalar particle accessible by the LHC. In this connection the phenomenology of doubly and singly charged Higgs bosons [from the SU(2)-triplet] in the simplest A4-symmetric version of model has been studied. It is shown that decays of these bosons into a pair of leptons have unique flavor structures which can be tested at the LHC.

b) The Pati-Salam models with SU(3) family symmetry have been considered which make use of the Type I see-saw mechanism to reproduce the observed mixing and mass spectrum in the lepton sector. It is shown that the observed baryon asymmetry through the thermal decay of the lightest right-handed neutrino can be consistent with the expected experimental lepton flavor violation bounds. This requires introduction of certain SU(3) messengers - the heavy fields that decouple and produce the right form of the matrices of Yukawa couplings.

c) A consistent ultraviolet completion of models with family symmetries have been searched for in the context of supergravity. It is found that the predictivity of family symmetries for the

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soft supersymmetry breaking parameters depends on unknown details of the messenger sector as well as the supersymmetry breaking hidden sector. Specific choices of messenger fields have been found which can improve the predictivity for the soft parameters.

Cosmology

In 2010 the activities of the Cosmology group have been mainly in the following directions:

1. Non-Gaussianity. This is a quite hot topic in the field and it encompasses all the phenomena which are not captured by the linear approximation to cosmological perturbations. This year the group concentrated on the effect that initial deviations from Gaussianity have on the abundance of the largest bound objects of the Universe and on the presence of giant voids in the distribution of matter. These analytical predictions are a key tool for the interpretation of the present and forthcoming data about the large scale structure distribution of mass in the Universe. Another related line of research of the group has been the study of a class of inflationary theories, based on the recently proposed Galilean symmetry, which give rise to large non-Gaussianities of a specific kind. These predictions will soon be tested by the ongoing Planck mission.

2. Alternative to inflation. Although a primordial phase of accelerated expansion dubbed inflation is the most promising candidate to describe the very early cosmological evolution, alternatives are still possible. The group has proposed a model characterized by a “super-accelerated” phase of expansion, with growing Hubble parameter, starting in the far past from a low-energy state. This possibility to start from a low energy initial state is quite novel, as we are used to associate early cosmology with the regime of extremely high energies. The model gives rise to a quasi scale invariant spectrum of primordial perturbations, as required by data, as a consequence of the symmetries of the Lagrangian. This mechanism is rather different from what happens in inflationary theories and leads to a small but potentially observable primordial non-Gaussianity.

The cosmology group is currently expanding, with a new faculty member that joined ICTP in January 2011: Ravi Sheth, from UPenn, a world expert of Large Scale Structures and Galaxy Formation.

LHC ATLAs Data Analysis

In 2010 the Large Hadron Collider became fully operational, delivering the proton-proton collision data to the LHC experiments at a center of mass energy of 7 TeV. The ICTP and Udine ATLAS group have played a significant role within ATLAS in developing techniques to measure the production of top quark pairs. This work formed the basis for ATLAS’ first paper on top quark physics, measuring, the production of the first top quarks directly produced in Europe. Top quark production represents the threshold between the Standard Model of Particle Physics and what may lie beyond; a precise understanding of top quark processes in the Standard Model an essential step towards new physics at the LHC.

Gravity, string and Higher Dimensional Theories

In 2010, the activities in string related topics in our group has been mainly in the following directions:

1) M-theory or the 11-dimensional supergravity is thought to be the strong coupling limit of string theory. One of the important areas of research has been to study compactifications of M-theory that leads to the known 4-dimension Physics. In particular M-theory is known to admit, certain basic features of the 4-dimension Physics, namely the existence of Chiral

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fermions, non-abelian gauge groups, moduli stabilization etc. During the last year, further work was done in studying Axions in this framework and it was shown that they naturally arise in this framework and could provide a solution for strong CP problem.

In another work, by studying the masses of the moduli fields, it is shown that in any string model with stabilized moduli, the pre-Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) Universe is dominated by the moduli fields. It is shown that in a large class of such string models there is at least one moduli field whose mass is of the order or less of gravitino mass and this generally leads to a non-thermal universe prior to BBN. The decays of this moduli field into the lightest supersymmetric particle could provide the dark matter.

2) Holographic QCD: Several works were done to study the properties of strongly coupled QCD via holographic description in terms of dual gravity model. In particular Holographic dual of neutral plasma in the presence of electric field was obtained. This is a time dependent gravity solution and as such represents a new addition to the holographic solutions existing in the literature. In another paper, ground state of the baryonic/axial matter in the chiral-symmetry broken phase in the presence of magnetic fields is studied using holography and an existence proof for chiral magnetic spirals is given.

3) Several works were done in obtaining gravity duals of RG flows in 2-dimensional Superconformal field theories. On the gravity side they correspond to solutions 3-dimensional gauged supergravity theories that asymptote to AdS_3 geometry with two different radii in the ultraviolet and infrared regimes. It was further shown that some of these solutions can be obtained by a consistent SU(2) reduction of 6-dim N=1 supergravity theories with vector multiplets. In another paper it was shown that 4-dim. Yang-Mills instanton solutions imbedded in the 6-dimensional N=1 supergravity yields flow solutions between different 2-dim. (4,0) superconformal theories.

4) Topological strings: A few years back, Nekrasov was able to compute exactly Yang-Mills instanton contributions in the presence of certain topological twistings that depend on two parameters. One of these parameters has long been understood as representing anti-self dual graviphoton background and indeed it was shown that Nekrasov partition function in the presence of this parameter is related to the well known topological string partition function F_g. The meaning of the second parameter (which corresponds to some self-dual background) was less clear. During last year, a new class of semi-topological string amplitudes were constructed in the presence of self-dual background which yields an F-term in the effective supergravity theory and it was proposed that they correspond to Nekrasov partition function.

5) Models of infrared modified gravity have been studied. In particular a non linear generalization of the Fierz Pauli equation in the context of gravity with torsion has been derived.

Training Activities

Spring School on Superstring Theory and Related Topics, 22 - 30 March. Organizers: J. de Boer, E. Gava, S. Kachru, K.S. Narain, S. Randjbar-Daemi

Gribov-80 Memorial Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics and Beyond, 26 - 28 May. Organizers: L. Bertocchi, Y. Dokshitzer, P. Levai, J. Nyiri, D. Treleani

Summer School in Cosmology, 19 - 30 July. Organizers: P. Creminelli, U. Seljak, M. Viel

School and Workshop on D-Brane Instantons, Wall Crossing and Microstate Counting, 15 - 21 November. Organizers: M. Bianchi, S. Ferrara, E. Kiritsis, K.S. Narain, S. Randjbar-Daemi, A. Sen

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Outside Activities

Carpathian Summer School of Physics - Exotic Nuclei, Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics “From Nuclei to Stars” - Sinaia, Romania, 20 June - 30 July. Organizers: A.Yu Smirnov, S. Stoica, L. Trache

African School on Fundamental Physics and its Applications - Stellenbosch, South Africa, 1 - 21 August. Organizers: B. Acharya, K. Assamagan, C. Darve, J. Ellis, E.G. Ferreiro, J. Govaerts, J. Huston, M. Kado, H. Montgomery, S. Muanza, S. Narison, P. Skands

5th ICTP Latin American String School - Sao Paulo, Brazil, 3 - 20 December. Organizers: G. Aldazabal, N. Berkovits, A. Cabo, H. Compean, A. Font, K.S. Narain, C. Nunez, H. Ocampo, S. Randjbar-Daemi, J. Zanelli

Participation in International Programmes

E.U. Network “The quest for unification: theory confronts experiment”

E.U. Network “Supersymmetry and the Early Universe”

ESF Scientific Network

European Contract “UNILHC” - “Unification in the LHC Era”

staff and Long-Term Visitors

Professional Staff

Randjbar-Daemi, Seifallah (Iran)

Acharya, Bobby (UK)

Creminelli, Paolo (Italy)

Narain, Kumar S. (India)

Senjanovic, Goran (Croatia)

Smirnov, Alexei Yu. (Russia)

Thompson, George (Australia)

Consultants

Gava, Edi (Italy)

Visiting Scientists (2 months or more)

Ahmadov, Azar (Azerbaijan)

Akhmedov, Evgeny (Russia)

Gouba, Laure (Burkina Faso)

Momen, Arshad (Bangladesh)

Muteeb, Muhammad Nouman (Pakistan)

Samanta, Abhijit (India)

Postdoctoral Fellows

Abdussalam, Shehu S. (Nigeria)

Arean, Daniel (Spain)

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Hernandez Diaz, Daniel (Cuba)

Musso, Marcello (Italy)

Nemevsek, Miha (Slovenia)

Paranjape, Aseem (India)

Sahoo, Bindusar (India)

Shaw, Kate (UK)

Torabian, Mahdi (Iran)

Tsumura, Koji (Japan)

Velasco-Sevilla, Liliana (Mexico)

Yee, Ho-Ung (Korea)

Zhang, Yue (China)

Funding

Spring School on Superstring Theory and Related Topics

Italian Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)

Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP)

Gribov-80 Memorial Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics and Beyond


Summer School in Cosmology


School and Workshop on D-Brane Instantons, Wall Crossing and Microstate Counting


Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP)

Postdoc: M. Musso


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CONDeNseD MATTeR AND sTATIsTICAL PHYsICs

Introduction

The permanent staff of the Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics (CMSP) Group consisted of 7 staff members, the same as in 2009.

The total number of postdoctoral fellows and long-term (>3 months) visiting scientists in 2010 was 20 (25 in 2009). Of these, 15 were nationals of developing countries, 1 was a national of an East European country, and 4 were nationals of developed countries (including 2 people paid by the EC grants). The total number of months spent at ICTP by this category of scientists was 176 (195 in 2009), so that the average number of temporal research staff was 15 (16 in 2009). Given the research budget of the group and the number of staff members, this amount of temporal staff is optimal.

A total of 198 (216 in 2009) scientists (87 of them from developing countries, including 20 scientists from Africa, 33 from East European countries and 78 from developed countries, including 35 from Italy) made short (<3 months) visits to the CMSP Group in 2010 and took part in research and training activities.

An active part in the research and training activities also has been taken by five consultants, three staff associates and the long-term visiting scientist A. Silva.

Traditionally, the scientific activities of the CMSP Group activities follow these major directions:

1. Physics of Disordered and Strongly Correlated Electron Systems, including theoretical nano-physics, localization, quantum systems out of equilibrium, low-dimensional systems with interaction, strong electron correlations in new materials, disordered superconducting and superfluid systems, cold bosonic and fermionic atoms.

This direction was represented by the activities of the staff members V.E. Kravtsov, M.N. Kiselev, M. Müller; staff associates A. Nersesyan and V. Yudson; long-term visiting scientist A. Silva; consultants B.L. Altshuler, M. Fabrizio, G. Santoro, E. Tosatti and a number of postdoctoral fellows (A. Andreanov, T.K.T. Nguyen, S. Ramanan, Z. Ratiani, G. Söyler, N. Surendran).

2. Statistical Mechanics and Applications, including cooperative phenomena in complex adaptive systems, statistical mechanical description of complex networks and financial market, application of statistical mechanics to computer science, optimization problems in genetics and biophysics, non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, quantum computing.

This direction was represented by the activities of the staff members M. Marsili, M. Muller and A. Scardicchio; consultant G. Mussardo; long-term visiting scientist A. Silva and a number of postdoctoral fellows (K. Anand, A. Barato, A. Chatterjee, L. Dall’Asta , P. Vivo).

3. Electronic Structure and Condensed Matter Computer Simulations, including simulations of condensed matter at high pressures, new materials, ab-initio calculations of properties of nano- and bio-systems, catalysis and surface physics, simulations of fast processes of energy transfer, energy conversion and storage research, physics of friction and lubrication.

This direction was represented by the activities of the staff members R. Gebauer, S. Scandolo; consultants E. Tosatti, G. Santoro and a number of postdoctoral fellows (O. Akin-Ojo, S. Bhattacharya, Y. Crespo, P. Ghosh, L. Giacomazzi (external project), F. Inam, C. Pinilla (ADGLASS project), N. Seriani (ADGLASS project)).

4. Quantum theory of friction and related phenomena

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This direction was represented by the activity of E. Tosatti and G. Santoro and their collaborators, in particular from scientists visiting ICTP.

Research Activities

Publications

The research activities along the above directions resulted in 63 publications (81 in 2009) in the major peer-reviewed journals in 2010. They include 3 papers published in Nature Materials, Nature Nanotechnology and Nature Physics; 3 papers published in The Physical Review Letters; 2 in Europhys. Letters; 15 in The Physical Review; 4 in Journal of Statistical Mechanics. A total of 37 papers written in 2010 are in press or submitted to be published.

The drop in the total number of publications is related to the 20% decrease in the number of postdoctoral fellows and long-term visiting scientists (25 in 2009 and 20 in 2010). A considerable decrease of publications in the Physical Review Letters (12 in 2009) is probably a result of the strict policy on general interest recently adopted in this journal. An increasing amount of publications in 2010 in Statistical Physics applications to market economy was in specific journals or contributed books on economics. In general a tendency towards specialization (typical for mature science) is clearly seen in the choice of journals for publication.

Seminars

The intensity and diversity of scientific life inside the group is illustrated by the number (72 in 2010) and the subjects of research seminars: seminars on Disorder and Strongly Correlated Systems (26 in 2010), Joint ICTP-SISSA seminar on Statistical Physics (29 seminars in 2010), Joint ICTP-SISSA Condensed Matter Seminars (9 in 2010). In addition there were 8 informal seminars and journal club seminars.

Invited talks

The members of the CMSP Group gave 65 plenary or invited talks in major international meetings in 2010 highlighting the results of the Group’s research.

Main research results

The main results obtained in 2010 in the field of Physics of Disordered and Strongly Correlated Electron Systems are:

1. Thermalization in integrable and weakly non-integrable systems. (A. Silva, G. Mussardo and G. Santoro)

Since the seminal paper of Fermi, Pasta and Ulam of 1953 the puzzle of thermalization in classical non-linear and quantum interacting systems is a continuous subject of advanced research. It is especially popular now, as it is related with the recently formulated problem of many-body localization. Common wisdom says that thermalization should not be expected in integrable systems and should be quite week in the weakly-non-integrable systems. In this work the authors demonstrated that even in integrable systems thermalization may occur if the variables describing the initial degrees of freedom are non-locally related with those in which the Hamiltonian is manifest separable.

2. Dynamics of quantum vs. classical glasses. (M. Müller, A. Andreanov)

The glassy behavior is usually related with the complex energy landscape with exponentially large number of local minima. This causes a very slow dynamics, as the system should try many metastable states before reaching a true ground state. Quantum tunneling makes this task easier to achieve which leads to the quest of quantitative description of the difference

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between the classical and quantum dynamics. In this work the deep glass phase in the transverse field Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model has been studied. A careful analytical study of the saddle-point equations confirmed an earlier conjecture of one of the authors: The marginality of the glass state leads to a gapless spectrum of collective modes, which can be understood as harmonic oscillators in a complicated high-dimensional rugged energy space.

3. Magneto-thermopower in an open quantum dot: Asymmetric two-channel Kondo physics (M.N. Kiselev, V.E. Kravtsov, T.K.T. Nguyen)

It was known for quite a while that the problem of a thermopower of a quantum dot strongly coupled to reservoir by a point contact reduces to a symmetric two-channel Kondo problem, with the channel symmetry ensured by time-reversal symmetry. This leads, in particular, to a very specific temperature dependence of thermopower at low temperatures which is drastically different from the linear in T dependence of the Fermi liquid. The authors showed that breaking the time-reversal invariance by magnetic field introduces the asymmetry of channels and as a consequence a Fermi-liquid-like behavior at low temperatures. However, the corresponding “Fermi-energy” is proportional to the square of magnetic field which thus results in a huge dependence of thermopower on magnetic field (giant “magneto-thermopower”) at very low temperatures.

4. Surface dead layer as a signature of quantum criticality. (E. Tosatti, M. Fabrizio)

It is shown that the surface dead layer (a region of reduced surface metallicity) in a strongly correlated metal close to the quantum Mott’s transition is a general signature of quantum criticality. In particular, it sets the length scale which is divergent at the transition and which so far evaded proper physically transparent description because of the lack of order parameter and the corresponding Landau functional theory

The main results obtained in 2010 in the field of Statistical Mechanics and Applications are:

1. Many-body localization and quantum algorithms. (A. Scardicchio)

It is known that the phenomenon of Anderson localization sets very severe limitations on some algorithms of quantum computation (e.g., on the adiabatic quantum computation algorithm). This illustrates an intimate relation between Anderson localization (and its many-body counterpart) and the performance of quantum algorithms. The work describes how to use some results on the integrable systems to push the numerical analysis of many-body localization to systems with up to 100 quantum bits.

2. Statistical learning: Lies, damned lies, and statistics (M. Marsili)

Inferring an interacting system from statistical data (e.g., reconstructing the Hamiltonian using known correlation functions) is one of the aims of complex inference techniques, such as Boltzmann learning. Loosely speaking statistical learning is solving an inverse problem of statistical mechanics. The authors derived a quite general formalism for this and addressed a puzzling issue as to why the application of these inference techniques to real world data often results in models which are nearly critical. It was found that this is related to the phenomenon of concentration of statistically distinguishable models close to the critical

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point which is a consequence of the divergent susceptibility at criticality.

3. Realization of relativistic Dirac fermion in four-dimensional spacetime by cold atoms in optical lattices: High-energy physics in cold-atom device. (G. Mussardo)

This result can open the way to simulate directly, by cold atom system, models of interest of elementary particles and check, for instance, the presence of relativistic superconductivity.

The main results obtained in 2010 in the field of Electronic Structure and Computer Simulations are:

1. Water-methane mixtures at extreme (planetary) conditions: Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics changes the view on interior of Neptune and Uranus (S. Scandolo and M.-S. Lee)

The interiors of Neptune and Uranus are believed to be primarily composed of a fluid mixture of methane and water, whose behavior has been the subject of extensive laboratory and simulation studies in the past 20 years. The mixture is subjected to pressures up to several hundred gigapascal, which are difficult to reproduce in experiments. Moreover, laboratory and simulation studies so far have focused on the properties of the individual components. For example, predictions of diamond precipitation, first made by M. Ross (Nature 1981) and later confirmed/revised in a number of studies, are entirely based on studies of pure methane. Similarly, predictions of a metallic core for the two planets, are entirely based on studies on pure water.

This work deals, for the first time, with the behavior of the planetary fluid as a mixture of two chemical species. The mixtures was simulated by means of Car-Parrinello Molecular dynamics for about 20 picoseconds, at different P-T conditions, and with cells containing about a hundred atoms. The new simulations show that H2O-CH4 mixtures behave, at extreme conditions, in a qualitatively different fashion with respect to their constituents, calling for a complete revision of present planetary models. The authors observe a pressure-induced softening of the methane-water intermolecular repulsion that points to an enhancement of mixing under extreme conditions. Ionized water causes the progressive ionization of methane and the mixture becomes electronically conductive at milder conditions than pure water, indicating that the planetary magnetic field of Uranus and Neptune may originate at shallower depths than currently assumed.

Snapshot of the simulation cell at the most extreme P-T point (300 GPa and 5000 K). Yellow spheres are Carbon, Red spheres Oxygen, Blue spheres Hydrogen. Water is fully dissociated at these conditions. Methane is also dissociated but forms longer hydrocarbon species. The mixture has a metallic character.

2. Widening the computational bottleneck: New recursive Liouville-Lanczos algorithm at work for large scale TDDFT simulations (R. Gebauer)

The time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) allows to access fast processes in ab-initio simulations of atomic and molecular systems. It is important, in particular, for studying energy transfer in biological and photo-voltaic systems. However, the necessity to take into account excited states makes TDDFT much more computationally expensive compared to the basic (static) DFT. The authors have shown that this problem can be solved by using a new approach which is based on a recursive Liouville-Lanczos algorithm. The new algorithm allows to apply TDDFT to functionally interesting systems of large size.

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The main result obtained in 2010 in the field of Quantum theory of friction is:

1. Magnetic tip over an antiferromagnetic surface: a mechanism of giant dissipation (E. Tosatti, G. Santoro)

The mechanism is related with the spin-phonon coupling, leading to a Hamiltonian which is quite similar to the Caldeira-Leggett. Due to this coupling, the surface spins are self-trapped and can only be flipped with a large hysteresis, as though they are macroscopic. As usual, this hysteresis leads to a giant dissipation.


The group staff members are involved in a number of international scientific projects/networks:

EU-FP7 Collaborative Project “ADGLASS” (S. Scandolo)

2CAM program (V.E. Kravtsov, M. Kiselev, S. Scandolo)

Training Activities

ICTP training activities

The condensed matter related training activities in 2010 included 14 Schools and Conferences (14 in 2009), including 3 held in developing countries (see appended list). In all of them, members of CMSP Group acted as Directors or Local organizers.

Teaching at ICTP

7 staff members (R. Gebauer, V. Kravtsov, M. Kiselev, M. Marsili, M. Müller, S. Scandolo, A. Scardicchio), 2 consultants (G. Mussardo, G. Santoro), 1 Staff Associate (A. Nersesyan), 1 long-term visiting scientist (A. Silva) and postdoctoral fellows (S. Bhattacharya, A. Chatterjee, L. Dall’Asta, F. Franchini, C. Pinilla) and tutoring ( N. Seriani, G. Soyler, P. Vivo) took part in teaching in the ICTP Diploma Programme and the Joint ICTP-SISSA PhD Programme on Statistical Physics.

Teaching in Africa, Asia and Latin America:

1. The CMSP Group organized 3 Regional Schools in developing countries and took part in the teaching in the following:

African School on Nanoscience for Solar Energy Conversion, Addis Ababa-Ethiopia – R. Gebauer

African School on Electronic Structure Methods and Applications, Cape Town-South Africa - S. Scandolo

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Mediterranean School on Nano-Physics, Marrakech - Morocco - V. Kravtsov, S. Scandolo

2. M. Marsili and S. Scandolo visited Nigeria and lectured at the “Workshop on awareness of science and technology ” (Abuja, May 2010).

3. M. Kiselev visited Cameroon and taught a course (10 lectures) in Ecole Normale Bambili, Cameroon; he also visited Hanoi (Vietnam) and gave a mini course on “Ultra-cold gases in and out of equilibrium” and presented an invited lecture on Landau-Zener transition in Marrakech (Morocco).

services outside ICTP

M. Marsili Editorial board member, Physical Review E

Scientific Director, J. Stat. Phys. (JSTAT)

S. Scandolo Member, Editorial Board, Solid State Communications, Elsevier

Member, Editorial Board, High Pressure Research, Taylor & Francis

Member, Editorial Board, The African Physical Review

Member, Steering Committee, Psi-K European Network

summary of 2010 in Numbers

Publications in peer-review journals 63

Invited talks (excluding seminars) 65

Schools, Workshops and Conferences organized 14

Short-term visitors (excluding lecturers and participants of training activities) 198


Professional Staff

R. Gebauer, Germany

M. Kiselev, Russian Federation

V.E. Kravtsov, Russian Federation

M. Marsili, Italy

M. Müller, Switzerland

S. Scandolo, Italy

A. Scardicchio, Italy

Consultants

B.L. Altshuler, USA

M. Fabrizio, Italy

G. Mussardo, Italy

G. Santoro, Italy

E. Tosatti, Italy

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Staff Associates

N. Kumar, India

A.A. Nersesyan, Georgia

V.I. Yudson, Russian Federation

Senior postdoc

A. Silva, Italy

Funding

ICTP funding in 2010 was at the same level as in 2009: a total of 600 K Euro for the Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics activities.

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sYNCHROTRON RADIATION ReLATeD THeORY

Introduction

The aim of the group is to perform theoretical research and training in areas of condensed matter physics that are experimentally investigated by synchrotron radiation (SR). There is close collaboration with experimentalists at the nearby SR source Elettra and at other similar facilities.

Within the relatively large scope of problems that fall under this description, the group has two main focuses of activities. The first field of activities is the investigation of the electronic, magnetic, and structural properties of systems with strong electron correlations, including transition-metal oxides and related materials. The second main area of interest is the physics of low-dimensional systems and nanostructures.

Research Activities

The main results in 2010 include:

Tailoring the magnetic properties of manganite heterojunctions

Unusual phenomena, such as electronic reconstruction and exotic charge, orbital and spin ordering/disordering effects have been observed at interfaces involving mixed valence oxides, such as manganites. The group investigated, by means of density functional plus onsite Coulomb interaction calculations, the magnetic and electronic properties of engineered La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/SrTiO3 heterojunctions including a monolayer-thick doping layer of La1/3Sr2/3MnO3 and of LaMnO3 at the interface. The results showed drastic modifications in the electronic and magnetic ordering properties at the interface, including a ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic change in the layer coupling at the interface. The results were used to determine the optimal doping leading to robust ferromagnetism in La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/SrTiO3/La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 magnetic tunneling junctions.

Stress-induced adsorbates nanopatterns

The group investigated adsorbate-induced surface stresses and the subsequent restructuring in regular mesoscopic patterns of the tungsten (110) surface. In particular, by combined ab-initio calculations and elastic-model theory predictions, N. Stojic and N. Binggeli determined the complex stripes and herringhone phase diagram of the two-components Pd and O adsorbate system on tungsten, as a function of Pd and oxygen coverages. The results provided theoretical support for the interpretation of recent experiments on these nanostructured systems by the nanospectroscopy group at Elettra.

Quantum-size effects on chemisorption properties

Understanding and controlling the structure-size dependence of the chemical activity in materials with reduced dimensionality is a longstanding target of surface science. Recent experiments suggested the possibility of using quantum well states in nanoscale metal-film systems as a new way to engineer molecule surface interactions. N. Binggeli and L. Mouketo in collaboration with B. M’Passi-Mabiala (University of Marien-NGouabi, Congo) investigated, by means of first-principles calculations, the atomic-scale mechanism responsible for the oscillations with film thickness in the chemisorption properties of the CO molecule on Cu(001) films. The oscillations in the CO binding energy were related to periodic changes in the spatial behavior on the vacuum side of the quantum well states at the Fermi energy,

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which directly influence the hybridization with the CO(5s) and CO(2p*) orbitals and the Cu-CO bonding strength.

Training Activities

Advanced School on Synchrotron and Free Electron Laser Sources and their Multidisciplinary Applications; Directors: N. Binggeli and M. Kiskinova; April 26 – May 7, 2010.


Professional Staff

N. Binggeli, Switzerland

Long-term visiting scientist

N. Stojic, Croatia

Post-doctoral Fellow

C. Wang, P. R. China

PhD students

L. Mouketo, Congo, STEP student

R. Neumann, Brazil, STEP student

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MATHeMATICs

Introduction

Ramadas Ramakrishnan was appointed Head of the Mathematics Group effective October.

The year saw the arrival of Claudio Arezzo from the University of Parma. Arezzo works on complex differential geometry, using techniques of algebraic geometry and geometric analysis. He fills the gap left by the departure of Li Jiayu. (We retain strong links with Li Jiayu and we are in the process of setting up a MOU with leading Mathematics institutions in China.)

We began the process of recruiting a number theorist at the level of Senior Research Scientist.

Professor Laudal and Professor Seade finished tenures as Staff Associates – during their terms they both assisted the Group in many ways. In particular, they helped us forge links with the Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences in Lahore.

Research Activities

Staff

C. Arezzo

A joint work with G. La Nave and A. Della Vedova is devoted to the singularities arising from K-destabilising configurations. In collaboration with F. Pacard, he is completing a project addressing “end-to-end” constructions of Calabi-Yau manifolds. Yet another collaboration with G. La Nave is on the convergence on the Kahler-Ricci flow on Fano manifolds. He is working also on compactness of stable minimal surfaces in Kahler 4-manifolds.

L. Göttsche

In joint work with Nakajima and Yoshioka, he proved the Witten conjecture relating Donaldson and Seiberg-Witten invariants in the case of algebraic surfaces. He also worked on the strange duality conjecture for sections of line bundles on moduli spaces of sheaves on rational surfaces.

S. Luzzatto

A joint paper with P. Pilarczyk is devoted to rigorous computer-assisted methods for proving dynamical properties at finite resolution (Finite resolution dynamics, Foundations of Computational Mathematics, 2011). He has also completed two papers, one jointly with J.F. Alves and C. Dias (Geometry of expanding absolutely continuous invariant measures and the liftability problem, submitted 2010) and another jointly with J.F. Alves, J. Freitas, S. Vaienti (From rates of mixing to recurrence times via large deviations, submitted 2010); both these papers deal with the relationship between the geometrical structure and the statistical properties of dynamical systems.

Ramadas T. Ramakrishnan

Continued work on the Hodge conjecture for certain abelian four-folds. In his study of the KZ/Hitchin connection discovered a co-ordinate independent and function-theoretic description of certain conformal field theories and their vertex algebras (paper under preparation).

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Post-doctoral fellows

Jyotishman Bhowmick continued his work on quantum isometry groups of noncommutative spaces; he started a collaboration with colleagues in SISSA studying spaces associated to Connes’ approach to the standard model. [Bhowmick has gone to another postdoctoral position, in Oslo.]

Yassir Dinar has been working on cases of a conjectural classification (due to Dubrovin) of semisimple Frobenius manifolds, in particular considering algebraic Frobenius manifolds obtained from subregular nilpotent elements in simple Lie algebras. [Dinar is back at the University of Khartoum.]

Ming Li studied the dynamics associated to vector fields with singularities. Together with Pilyugin, he studied vector fields with periodic shadowing property.

Shaheen Nazir studied (jointly with Yoshinaga) line arrangements in the complex projective plane, and proved that the fundamental group of the complement is determined by combinatorics, for arrangements consisting of up to 9 lines. She also studied Milnor cohomology and admissibility of line arrangements. [Nazir is now Assistant Professor in Lahore.]

Dishant Pancholi, has a collaboration with John Entyre, where they have succeeded (generalizing techniques of Eliashberg and Thurston) in constructing tight contact structures on a large class of odd-dimensional manifolds. They have also begun a programme to study Legendrian knots in tight Riemannian contact manifolds. [Pancholi has joined the Chennai Mathematical Institute.]

Van Tran Tran conducted research in Nevanlinna Theory.

Xiangrong Zhu (jointly with Li Jiayu and others) studied harmonic maps from Riemannian surfaces. They also proved an existence theorem regarding two-dimensional Skyrmions. [Zhejiang University]

Long-term visitors

Kuntal Banerjee finished an article (based on his thesis) on Arnold tongues, and began a project to study the parameter space of the “standard family” of analytic maps. Bouya Brahim characterized outer functions for a certain class of Banach spaces of analytic functions on the unit disc; this has a number of important consequences. [Brahim stays on for this year as a post-doctoral fellow.] André Fonseca began a collaboration with the neuroscience group in SISSA, aimed at applying dynamical systems theory to biological time series. Ali Golmakani has studied (jointly with Luzzatto) dynamics of certain families of one-dimensional maps to find improved estimates on the measure of stochastic parameters. Senoussi Guesmia used anisotropic singular perturbation techniques to study a variety of problems, some of them with a view to applications - these include elliptic problems in unbounded domains as well as the study of some hyperbolic equations. Toan Minh Ho studied projections in AH algebras, as well as their dimension theory. Eric Ofoedu extended and improved several results on iterative algorithms to find approximate a common fixed point of a family of nonlinear maps of a Banach space. Mesut Sahin continued his investigations into the (Lipman) semigroup of associated to a desingularization of a normal surface singularity. Meng Wang studied (partly in joint work with Li Jiayu) certain nonlinear equations on Riemannian surfaces – in particular the Chern-Simons-Higgs equation and the mean-field equation, and obtained results on existence and blow-up. Ahmad Zainy Al Yasry (in joint work with Matilde Marcolli and Dominic Denicola) applied ideas from noncommutative geometry to “spin networks”, and in particular connected topological properties to thermodynamic ones. Riufeng Zhang investigated the (topological sequence) entropy of certain topological dynamical systems, in particular, dendrites.

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Short-term visitors

Short-term visitors included Sarfraz Ahmad (combinatorics), El Kinani El Hassan (Burgers equation), Khaled Salem (graph theory), Ali Wehbe (control theory), Liamidi Aremou Leadi (nonlinear PDE), Saieed Akbari Feyazaabaadi, G.R.B. Khosrovshahi and Tayfeh Rezaee (combinatorics), Gabriel Baditou (Connes-Kreimer theory), Ilya Bogaevsky (sub-Riemannian geometry), Bouetou Bouetou Thomas (homogeneous spaces, mathematical physics), Akhtam Dzhalilov (dynamics of circle maps), Jean-Baptiste Gatsinzi (loop space homology), Nuha Hamed Hamdad and Zeana Zakil Jamil (operator theory), K.H. Pilehrood (number theory), Jia Houyu (p-harmonic functions),Blaise Kone (difference equations), Yan-nan Liu (degenerate hyperbolic equations), D. Malonza (nonlinear operator equations), Siman Yang (Picard-Fuchs theory), Xie Naquing (quasi-local mass in GR).

Training Activities

1. Advanced School and Conference on Homological and Geometrical Methods in Representation Theory, 18 January - 5 February. Organizers: J.A. de la Peña, B. Keller, H. Lenzing, A. Skowronsky. Local Organizer: S. Luzzatto

2. School and Workshop on Local Rings and Local Study of Algebraic Varieties, 31 May - 11 June. Organizers: C. Huneke, Lê D.T., Ngo V.T., M.E. Rossi. Local Organizer: Ramadas Ramakrishnan

3. Summer School and Conference on Hodge Theory and related topics, 14 June - 2 July. Organizers: E. Cattani, F. El Zein, P. Griffiths, Lê D.T. Local Organizer: L. Göttsche

4. Advanced School and Workshop on Discrete Groups in Complex Geometry, 28 June - 16 July. Organizers: S. Cantat, W. Goldman, N. Gusevskii, J. Seade. Local Organizer: Ramadas Ramakrishnan

5. School on Dynamical Systems, 23 November - 1 December (External School in Libya). Organizers: S. Luzzatto and F. Omer.

6. East African School on Linear Algebra and Advanced Topics (FFT), 6-17 December (External School at Makerere, Uganda). Organizers: John Mango and Ramadas Ramakrishnan


L. Göttsche

AIM Workshop, Mock modular forms in combinatorics and arithmetic geometry March 8 to March 12, 2010, Palo Alto, California: The Witten conjecture for Donaldson invariants of algebraic surfaces.

S. Luzzatto

Delivered invited talks at

“Topology, Geometry, and Dynamics: Rokhlin Memorial”, Saint Petersburg, January 2010

“International Conference in Dynamical Systems”, IMPA, Rio de Janeiro. March 2010

Dynamics Seminar, Mathematics Department, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay

Ramadas T. Ramakrishnan

Represented ICTP at the Inauguration Conference of the Tsinghua International Mathematics Forum at San Ya, P.R. China, 23-26 December, and the International Congress of Mathematicians, Hyderabad, India, 19-27 August, where he took part in a panel discussion on “Mechanisms for strengthening mathematics in developing countries”.

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Invited plenary talk at 25th Annual Conference of the Ramanujan Mathematical Society, Jalandhar (India) 3-5 May.

services

L. Göttsche:

Editor of the journal Geometry and Topology.

Editor of the journal Rendiconti dell’Istituto di Matematica dell’Università di Trieste.

Member of the scientific advisory Board of the Max-Planck-Institut for Mathematics, Bonn.

Member of the Programme Committee: ICMS Edinburgh.

Member of the Board, International Centre for Mathematical Sciences (ICMS), Edinburgh.

S. Luzzatto:

Director and main organizer, School on Dynamical Systems (Tripoli, Libya, 23 November - 1 December)

A major project this year has been starting to set up a possibly very fruitful and interesting long term collaboration with the Mathematics Department of Alfateh University in Tripoli, Libya. A first step in this process has been the organization of a school in Dynamical Systems and discussions are in progress to decide to what extent ICTP can be involved in the setting up of a research Group and PhD programme.

R.T. Ramakrishnan:

Member, Editorial Board, Mathematical Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences.

Member, Editorial Board, Rendiconti dell’Istituto di Matematica dell’Università di Trieste.

Member, Committee on Developing countries of the European Mathematical Society.

seminars

Sixty-one Mathematics seminars were organized during the year. This includes the following:

Algebraic Geometry Seminars: 2 (coordinator L. Göttsche);

Dynamical Systems Seminars: 15 (coordinator S. Luzzatto);

Joint ICTP/SISSA Geometric Analysis Seminars (since October, 4 seminars held at ICTP, ICTP coordinator C. Arezzo);

Mini-Workshop on Logic, Computability and Dynamical Systems (4 seminars, 9-10 December, coordinator S. Luzzatto);

One day of Combinatorics at ICTP (5 seminars, 21 July, coordinated by G.B. Khosrovshahi);

Mini-conference on Abstract and Differential Equations (8 seminars, 29 July, coordinated by S. Guesmia);

Professor L. Lovasz gave a Mathematics Colloquium (Graph algebras and graph limits, 14 July).

staff and Long Term Visitors

Professional Staff

Ramadas T. Ramakrishnan India

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C. Arezzo Italy

L. Göttsche Germany

S. Luzzatto Italy

Staff Associates

O.A. Laudal Norway

J. Seade Kuri Mexico

Post-doctoral Fellows

Bhowmick, Jyotishman India

Dinar, Yassir Sudan

Li, Ming P.R. China

Nazir, Shaheen Pakistan

Pancholi, Dishant India

Parthasarathi, Rangasamy India

Tran, Van Tan Vietnam

Zhu, Xiangrong P.R. China

Long-term Visiting Scientists

Al-Yasry, Ahmad Zainy Iraq

Banerjee, Kuntal India

Bouya, Brahim Morocco

Fonseca, André R. Oliveira Brazil

Golmakani, Ali Iran

Guesmia, Senoussi Algeria/Belgium

Ho, Toan Minh Vietnam

Ofoedu, Eric Uwadiegwu Nigeria

Sahin, Mesut Turkey

Wang, Meng P.R. China

Zhang, Ruifeng P.R. China

Additionally, there were 106 short-term visitors. The total number of research visitors during 2010, including ICTP Associates and Affiliates, was 125, of whom 107 were from developing countries. The number of Associates was 33.

Research travel grants from external sources

Within the framework of existing agreements, the following travel grants were provided in connection with research:

Commission on Development and Exchanges of the International Mathematical Union (4)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (3)

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Miscellaneous

The Ramanujan Prize for 2009 was awarded to Professor Ernesto Lupercio, researcher at CINVESTAV, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico, on 13 July, in a ceremony timed to coincide with the Advanced School and Workshop on Discrete Groups in Complex Geometry.

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eARTH sYsTeM PHYsICs (esP)

Introduction

The ESP section conducts research and organizes educational and outreach activities in both solid and fluid Earth physics (atmosphere and ocean). In the last few years, ESP has considerably expanded, both in terms of staff and post-docs/visitors, in good part based on increased funding from outside research grants. As a result of this expansion, research in the section has taken some new directions, particularly in the areas of climate impacts, oceanography and atmospheric chemistry. As a result, multiple research lines have been identified in the section, each lead by scientific staff members and/or long-term post-doc/visitors. The current ESP research lines are: Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC), Natural Climate Variability and Predictability (NCVP), Climate Impacts (CI), Aerosols, Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (AACC), Oceanography (OCE) and Mechanics of Earthquakes and Tectonophysics (MET). Although these different research lines have their own activities, they are deeply interrelated, as the objective of the section is to view the Earth System in a fully integrated fashion. The ESP section currently includes 6 P-staff members, one ALD contract and additional 15-20 members on term contracts (post-doctoral fellows and long term scientific visitors). As mentioned, differently from other ICTP sections, ESP relies heavily on external funding, with 11 grants (4 from the EU) active in 2010 and others starting in 2011. External funding currently provides more than half of the general expenditure budget of the section and in fact the majority of post-docs and long-term visitors for the section are funded by grant projects.

The ESP research lines can be briefly described as follows:

The ACC research line aims at improving the understanding of anthropogenic climate change. Within this area, the section investigates the global and regional climate response to increased atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations and the effects of land use modifications. These issues are addressed with a range of modeling tools, the central one being the regional climate modeling system RegCM, which has been developed for over a decade and is maintained for community use. The ESP section also coordinates the Regional Climate Research NETwork, or RegCNET, a network of scientists mostly from developing countries involved in regional climate research, which has grown in 2010 to include over 750 participants.

The NCVP research line focuses on fundamental research on natural climate variability and predictability at temporal scales from intra-seasonal/seasonal to multi-year/multi-decadal. Particular attention is devoted to tropical variability processes, such as the El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and the monsoon systems, and how they interact with extratropical variability and flow regimes (e.g., the North Atlantic Oscillation, or NAO). To study climate variability and predictability, the section utilizes a range of modeling and observational tools and products (e.g., the SPEEDY intermediate complexity model and ECHAM5 global climate model).

The CI research line investigates the effects of climate variability and anthropogenic climate change on human activities and natural ecosystems. In particular, currently the focus is on human health, agricultural productivity and water resources. The issue of climate impacts is addressed via the use of different impact models: the hydrological model CHYM, the crop model GLAM and the malaria model VECTRI. These impact models take as input climate information and can be used for wide variety of applications and regional settings, from studies of disease outbursts to the investigation of the agricultural effects of long term climate change. They are also made available for use by the outside scientific community.

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The AACC research line investigates the interactions between atmospheric aerosols, air quality and climate, including aerosols and pollutants of both anthropogenic and natural sources. This is accomplished through the development and use of coupled climate/aerosol/chemistry models, with particular emphasis on the regional scale but with plans to expand to the global scale. This research line also aims at a better understanding of the Earth’s bio-geochemical cycles and how they are affected by and influence global and regional environmental changes.

The OCE research line is devoted to understanding the role played by the ocean in the mechanisms behind the variability and predictability of the climate system at interannual, decadal and centennial time scales, and how this might change under future climate conditions. This is accomplished through the development of physical ocean models at both global and regional scale and their coupling with global and regional climate system models. This activity plans to expand to include marine biogeochemistry components into the ocean models.

The MET research line investigates the way earthquake faults develop in time and how the Earth Interior deforms, with emphasis on the physics of crust-upper mantle interactions. It relies on geophysical methods blending space geodesy, seismology and tectonics, tied through realistic physical numerical modeling. This contributes to the physical understanding of the length and time scales of earthquakes and to a more realistic simulation of earthquake hazards. In addition, a new research line devoted to the understanding of volcanic processes has been initiated in 2010. It is envisioned that the MET research line will enhance collaboration with the fluid Earth lines, for example in studying the mutual relationships between climate and tectonics through changes in glacier mass and the effects of global change on natural hazards. ESP also hosts the SAND activity, for which a separate report is presented.

The approach followed in ESP to transfer methodologies and know-how to developing country scientists is to complement the traditional ICTP educational and outreach activities with joint research efforts on specific projects. In addition, the ESP section maintains a range of models and datasets for use by visitors and the community at large.

specific Research Activities

A. Anthropogenic Climate Change (ACC)

A1. Regional climate modeling (Giorgi, Coppola, Solmon, Bi, Sylla, Elguindi, Diro, Mariotti + associates/visitors)

During 2010 a new version of the ICTP Regional Climate Model, RegCM, was released in occasion of the fifth ICTP regional climate modeling workshop of June 2010. This completed a large multi-year effort by numerous members of the section as well as collaborations with the Democritos group of CNR and various outside universities in Europe and the U.S. This new version of the model offers several new features: 1) A much better optimized, multi-tasking, architecture-independent and user-friendly code; 2) Improvements in various aspects of model physics, including convection, cloud radiation and planetary boundary layer; 3) Capability of coupling with the land surface/interactive biosphere model CLM (collaboration with the U. Michigan); 4) Capability of coupling with different atmospheric chemistry modules; 5) Capability of coupling with ocean models for the Mediterranean and Indian ocean (in collaboration with ENEA and IIT); 6) Capability of running in “Tropical band” mode (see Figure A1); 7) Capability of running land surface processes on very fine scale sub-grids. These features place the ESP section at the forefront of regional climate modeling, opening the perspective for a wide range of new applications with the RegCM system.

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On the application side, the model was used over multiple domains, such as Africa, Europe, Asia, South America and Central America for multi-decadal simulations of present day and future climate at grid spacings of 15 to 50 km. The model is also used within the context of several European and other international projects (ACQWA, WATCH, MEGAPOLI, QWECI, SOCOCA) as well as the CORDEX program described in the next section. Substantial work, resulting in various publications (Sylla et al. 2010a,c, submitted), was devoted to the study of convection and variability at intra-seasonal to interannual scale for African monsoon climates, as affected for example by dynamical features such as the Africa Easterly Jet, the Tropical Easterly Jet and the Easterly Wave Activity. A study (Nogherotto et al., submitted) also investigated the regional climatic effects of the deforestation of the Congo basin, showing that this can have a substantial influence not only locally but also remotely through its interaction with the African monsoon systems. A high resolution version of the model with a sub-grid land surface scheme reaching the 3 km scale was tested over the Alpine region (Im et al. 2010) showing the potential of this sub-grid scale scheme to provide fine scale information. Finally, work began to run the RegCM4 coupled to an interactive lake model over the Caspian Sea region to assess the effect of global warming on the Caspian Sea level (Elguindi and Giorgi).

Figure A1. Precipitation in June-July-August as simulated by the tropical band version of RegCM4 (upper panel) and in the TRMM observations (lower panel).

A2. The International CORDEX project (Giorgi, Coppola, Solmon, Bi, Sylla, Diro, Mariotti, Elguindi + associates/visitors)

A strong involvement in the Coordinated Regional climate Downscaling Experiment, or CORDEX (Giorgi et al. 2009) continued in 2010. CORDEX is a new international initiative promoted by the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) aimed at evaluating and improving regional climate downscaling techniques and producing a new generation of multi-model based future regional climate projections over regions worldwide. It has rapidly become the main international reference program for the regional climate modeling community worldwide. ESP staff is very active in the CORDEX effort and in fact ICTP is organizing in 2011 the first CORDEX conference, where progress in this program will be reviewed. The RegCM model is participating to CORDEX as used by ICTP staff and through the involvement of different scientists from developing countries in the RegCNET network. During 2010 several simulations over different CORDEX domains were completed (Africa, Europe, Central and South America, South and East Asia) as part of the model evaluation framework in which regional models are driven at the lateral boundaries by ERA-Interim analysis of observations. The analysis of these simulations is currently under way and will provide valuable information on the performance of the RegCM4 model in different climate regimes.

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A3. Climate change projections (Giorgi, Coppola, Bi, Mariotti + associates/ visitors)

In 2010 climate change projections for the 21st century were completed for a domain encompassing the entire African continent and for a domain covering the central Mediterranean at high resolution (15 km + 3 km sub-grid). In both cases these were state-of-the-art numerical experiments of unprecedented characteristics in terms of length, domain size and resolution. The Africa simulation (Mariotti et al. submitted) provided important insights into the role of local processes in determining the precipitation change signal vs. the role of large scale forcings. The European simulation showed the value of using the sub-grid scheme to provide climate information usable for hydrologic applications (Im et al. 2010).

In a different study, Giorgi (2010) investigated the effect of systematic model biases on the simulated change patterns for temperature and precipitation through an analysis of an ensemble of Global Climate Model projections of 21st century climate over 26 land regions worldwide. He found that for temperature the regional warming patterns are essentially independent from the systematic model biases and only depend on the climate sensitivity of the global model. A different picture was found for regional precipitation changes (Figure A2), by which a significant correlation between bias and change pattern was found for a number of regions (e.g. high latitude ones). These results have implications concerning the interpretation of regional climate change projections from the present generation of climate models and on how to combine information from ensembles of models. Work along similar lines was carried out for ensembles of regional model projections, in which techniques were proposed to combine the information of different regional models based on weights calculated from metrics of model performance in reproducing observed characteristics of regional climates (Coppola et al. 2010; Christensen, Giorgi et al. 2010).

B. Natural Climate Variability and Predictability (NCVP)

B1. Intraseasonal variability and predictability of the Asian monsoon (Yoo, Shukla, Kucharski + associates/visitors/Phd students )

In 2010, work on Asian monsoon intraseasonal variability continued (Yoo et al. 2010). Intraseasonal and interannual variability of Asian summer monsoon rainfall in pentad precipitation data was examined using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). The spatial patterns

Figure A2. Sub-continental scale regions for which a statistically significant correlation (90% confidence level) between precipitation bias and change is found across the 18 models analyzed. Continuous (dashed) lines indicate positive (negative) correlation, red (blue) color indicates JJA (DJF). The inter-model correlation coefficients are reported for each region. Also indicated with thin lines are the remaining regions analyzed for which a significant bias-change inter-model correlation was not found. (From Giorgi and Coppola 2010).

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of discrete rainfall states derived with the HMM and the associated transition probabilities between the states are shown to represent well the principal Asian summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (ISO), propagating eastward and northward with a period of 40–50 days. Stochastic simulations made with the HMM reasonably reproduce the canonical ISO propagation and its observed statistics such as the frequency of ISO events. The interannual modulation of the ISO associated with ENSO is assessed by employing a nonhomogeneous HMM (NHMM) with summer-mean Niño-3.4 index prescribed as an input variable. The ENSO influence on the ISO is found to manifest as preferences toward particular ISO phases depending on the ENSO condition, thus adding an asymmetry to the ISO. In the presence of seasonal mean anomalies, it is shown that the El Niño seasonal mean rainfall anomaly pattern is identified by the HMM as a distinct state, in addition to the ISO states, whereas the La Niña seasonal mean rainfall anomaly pattern does not appear distinct from the ISO states.

F. Syed, a PhD student, co-supervised by Jin-Ho Yoo and Fred Kucharski, further analysed the thermodynamic structures of intraseasonal variabilities at the western edge of the South-Asian monsoon. It was found that the mechanism of the active phases of these intraseasonal variations has some resemblance with large scale south Asian monsoon onset. This work is published in Syed et al. (2010).

B2. Interannual to decadal variability of the tropical ocean-atmosphere system. (Kucharski, Tompkins, Feudale, Farneti + associates/visitors/Phd students)

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the tropical oceans exhibit strong interannual variations that are linked to changes in weather patterns over the continents and influence land temperatures and precipitation. The largest SST variation occurs in the tropical Pacific Ocean that hosts the ENSO—arguably the most important mode of interannual climate variability over the tropics. However, ENSO SSTs are not the only contributing factors to interannual variability in the tropics, and tropical Pacific SST anomalies themselves may arise by atmospheric teleconnections from other ocean basins. For example, the Atlantic Ocean hosts a mode of SST variability similar to the El Niño phenomenon called the Atlantic Niño or zonal mode (Figure B1). Therefore, work on the influence of tropical Atlantic SST anomalies on the Indian and other regions has continued in 2010, mainly by PhD student Rondrotitiana Barimalala, who analysed the CMIP3 data-set and performed regional ocean model simulations to further investigate this teleconnection (see Fig. B1 for schematic from Barimalala et al., 2010).

The analysis of the tropical Atlantic influence on remote regions was extended to decadal-to-multi-decadal timescales, and it was found that the warming that has occured in the Atlantic Ocean in the 20th century may have reduced the concomitant CO2-induced warming in the eastern tropical Pacific, leading to the observed La Nina-like mean state (Kucharski et al., GRL, in press). This has been analysed by numerical simulations with the ICTP AGCM

Figure B1. Schematic representation of the influence of tropical Atlantic heating anomalies on remote tropical regions.

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coupled to a reduced gravity ocean model in tropical regions. The mean-state structure of the tropical oceans is determining occurences of tropical cyclones and the strength of monsoons, thus this work may have important implications for the interpretation of climate change simulations. Such simulations predict a warmer climate, but with uncertain structures particularly in the tropical Pacific.

Furthermore, changes of ENSO teleconnections to the northern extratropical regions in a warmer climate were investigated using large ensemble simulations performed with the ICTP AGCM SPEEDY. It was found that the main features of ENSO teleconnections to the extratropics remain stable. However, in the European region, in which the ENSO influence is generally relatively weak, this teleconnection may be significantly strengthened (Herzeg-Bulic et al., in press).

In a further collaboration with the former Phd student Laura Zamboni the connection of ENSO with the South East South American climate variability was further investigated using observations and simulations with the ICTP AGCM (Zamboni et al., Clim. Dyn., submitted). It was found that the circulation anomalies that determine rainfall deviations in South America can be generated by internal atmospheric variability as well as by ENSO forcing. The relative strength of these two contributions will determine the predictability of the South American rainfall.

Finally, the Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a large-scale, eastward-propagating, convectively-coupled phenomenon in the tropics. The phenomenon provides potential predictability of rainfall in the tropics up to many weeks in advance, but despite recent advances, models in general struggle to represent the MJO well. Research work at ICTP during 2010 in collaboration with researchers at ECMWF (European Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasts) investigated how the balance between the latent heating represented by the (Tiedtke) convection scheme and the grid-scale convection alters the representation and ultimately the deterministic prediction of the MJO. Results indicate that the convection scheme damps the activity of the MJO and suppressing the scheme leads to an improved representation of the MJO in the forecast model. The explanation of how this occurs is documented in a GRL article to be submitted shortly.

B3. Predictability of the African monsoon. (Tompkins, Feudale, Diro + associates/visitors)

Current seasonal forecasts of precipitation using dynamical models have not performed well in the West African Monsoon (WAM) region with respect to other parts of the globe. In this region the predominant summer precipitation variability is defined by the progression inland and subsequent regression of the monsoon rain. Many models can represent this precipitation progression well, but misplace the location of the summer rain. Part of this deficiency stems from the inability to reproduce a reasonable annual cycle of sea surface temperature (SST) in the tropical Atlantic. In a study by Tompkins and Feudale (Weather and Forecasting, 2010), it was shown that the operational seasonal forecast system 3 (SYS3) of the European Centre for Medium Range Forecast (ECMWF), has these deficiencies: SYS3 reproduces the progression of the West Africa monsoon, but with a number of differences, most notably a southerly shift of the tropical rain band (TRB) in the main monsoon season from July to September, the lack of pre-onset rainfall suppression and the sudden onset jump observed.

Although forecasting centers are continually improving the representation of the physical processes to correct model deficiencies, significant biases in models persist, and they must be tackled using bias correction and calibration techniques, especially if the forecast output is to be used to drive end user models for health, agriculture and socio-economic impacts. Many models can represent the precipitation progression from spring to summer well, but misplace the location of the summer rain. Thus the WAM region is an excellent candidate to test the application of the mode-based correction on the regional scale. The technique

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proposed by Feudale and Tompkins (2011, GRL, in press) is based on the use of EOF and an example of its application is shown in Figure B2. This method offers a marginal improvement in the skill of the seasonal precipitation forecast in a region where positive feedbacks, due to the strong atmosphere-ocean coupling, influence substantially the precipitation variability. This is a region-specific technique but it can be transferable to areas where rainfall follows a seasonal cycle.

Figure B2. EOF correction applied to the June and August precipitation in the WAM region. Upper panel: precipitation in June a) in the SYS3, b) in SYS3 after the correction, c) in GPCP from 1979 to 2007 (From Feudale and Tompkins, 2011).

An alternative technique that might potentially improve seasonal forecasts is the use of nested high-resolution regional models. To test this hypothesis, the RegCM was tested in a seasonal forecast framework by downscaling ECMWF SYS3 hindcasts for the horn Africa using the ENSEMBLES hindcast database ranging from 1989-1999. The integrations demonstrated first that the model has better representation and rainfall predictions over the region in short range (24hour) forecasts compared to forecasts using the ERA-INTERIM due to the accurate and well-constrained boundary conditions. However, the dynamical downscaling technique failed to improve long-term seasonal forecasts, and indeed produced spurious rainfall signals. This is attributed to the fact that the longer-range global forecasts that provide the lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) are inaccurate due to drift and biases in the coupled model system. The implications of this finding for an optimal use of regional models are being investigated.

Regarding the decadal component of West African monsoon variability, mechanisms connecting African and Indian monsoon megadroughts have been analysed in Feudale and Kucharski (J. Climate, submitted, see Fig. B3). Simulations with the ICTP AGCM reproduce the observed multi-decadal variability of the African and Indian monsoons, showing that sea surface temperature may the their main driver. Furthermore, the equatorial-subtropical gradient in sea surface temperatures, that modify the strength of the tropical easterly jet, has been identified as the mechanism connecting the multi-decadal variability of the two monsoons.

C. Climate Impacts (Tompkins, Coppola, Sanai, Mariotti, Giorgi + associates/visitors)

Climate impacts studies in ESP investigate the relationship between climate variables and changes in the natural and human environment. In particular, ESP research focuses on the hydrological cycle, precipitation and river discharge, stress on public health, disease dynamics, heat stress and crop yield changes due to seasonal shifts or extreme precipitation events.

C1. Seasonal forecasting of crop yields

Crop yield monitoring and timely predictions on regional, national and pan-national scales are receiving increased attention in both developing and industrialized countries to aid farmers and decision makers. Interannual variability in yield is driven by a wide range of factors, including socio and economic drivers of crop demand, land use change, governmental and NGO intervention programmes such as fertiliser subsidies, technology

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improvements, population migration and outbreaks of pests, diseases and conflicts. These factors may act on local or pan-national scales and many are not predictable in advance. Crop yield fluctuations are also driven by climate anomalies of temperature, solar radiation and especially in regions of rain-fed agriculture, precipitation.

A new research effort has therefore been established at ICTP to investigate the potential predictability of crop yield from climate observations and forecasts. The research identifies ways of separating the climate signals from the non-predictable factors. Figure C1 shows the observed seasonal correlations between wheat yield in China and temperature and rainfall data. While in many northern regions where agriculture is rainfed increased rainfall improves yield, the analysis highlights the eastern region, where irrigation is wide-spread and therefore the relationships between rainfall is reversed due to the impact of flooding and water logging in extreme rainfall years. Research efforts to include the effects of interannual variability and especially extreme cases of temperature, radiation and precipitation on crop yield using dynamical crop and weather model output are ongoing.

C2. Climate impacts on health

Research on climate-health interactions is a newly established area in ESP supported by grants from two European Union projects: QWeCI that began in 2010 and HEALTHY FUTURES starting in 2011. The research contribution to these projects involves the use of monthly to seasonal forecasts from the world leading forecast centre ECMWF, or climate change scenarios, to drive statistical and dynamical models for climate-sensitive vector-borne diseases. The principal target disease will be malaria, although other diseases considered include schistosomiasis and Rift Valley Fever. The target regions of the projects include, Senegal, Ghana, Malawi in QWeCI, and Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Rwanda in HEALTHY FUTURES.

Concerning QWeCI, in addition to developing and implement statistical and dynamical models to predict malaria risk in Malawi, the ICTP contribution involves close interaction with the Aeronomics Lab at ICTP who are implementing a WIFI network to connect an array of local rural health with a high speed internet link. The QWeCI project will investigate the potential of using this network to both monitor incidence of disease near real-time and disseminate health forecasts information to end users. During a recent field visit to Malawi in November 2010, links were established with the Malawi Ministry of Health, National Malaria Programme and Meteorological Services, while the aeronomics lab worked to re-establish the long range link between Mangochi and Blantyre. The collaboration will

Figure C1. Plot showing which climate variable correlation relationships dominate wheat crop yield in China and the sign of that relationship. Regions where no statistically significant correlation exists are shaded grey.

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involve the exchange of spatio-temporal disease, climate and socio- economic datasets, the invitation of Malawi scientists to ICTP for training purposes and knowledge exchange, and the development of sophisticated tools to contribute to an integrated climate based epidemic early warning system for Malawi.

C3. Climate impacts on hydrology

Research on the impacts of climate variability and change is carried out with the use of the hydrological model CHYM. Given suitable climate input, this model calculates river routing and discharge based on detailed soil and topographical information. Pending the availability of good data for calibration, it can be applied to any river basin of the World. Continuing a previous effort, and as part of the EU project ACQWA, in 2010 the CHYM hydrological model was calibrated over the Po and Rhone catchments, the two catchments of interest in ACQWA. Figure C2 shows an example of the Rhone drainage network as defined by CHYM. The model also reproduced reasonably well the discharge for both basins on an hourly basis, as illustrated by Figure C2 for the Po River. It is planned to apply the model CHYM to output of 21st century regional climate projections conducted with the RegCM in order to investigate the effects of climate change on the hydrology of these basins.

D. Aerosol, Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate (Solmon, Giorgi, Nair, Shalaby + associates/visitors)

The physical climate is a major determinant of the atmospheric concentration for all chemically active species, including key climate compounds like ozone, methane and aerosols. Due to the large variability of both atmospheric processes and emissions of chemical species, these interactions extend over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. Physical climate exerts its influence in many ways, e.g. by affecting natural emissions, photolysis rates, chemical reactions, transport, mixing and deposition processes. In return, atmospheric compounds can influence atmospheric physics and climate mainly impacting solar and thermal radiative transfer. This perturbation occurs directly both via diffusion/absorption processes and indirectly via the modification of cloud lifetime and microphysical and optical properties.

The main goal of this activity is to improve the understanding and modeling of the evolution of chemical compounds and their feedbacks under the influence of climatic change and anthropogenic activities (mainly through emissions and land use modification). This is done primarily through the progressive development of a coupled regional climate chemistry model (RegCM-CHEM). Since several years, the standard RegCM-CHEM scheme has been focusing on aerosol processes (emission, transport, deposition, radiative interaction) using

Figure C2. Left panel: Drainage basin for the River Rhone. Right panel: Observed and simulated discharge for the river Po.

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rather simple schemes presenting the advantage of being computationally fast. In 2010 developments have focused on introducing a more complete chemistry scheme capable to represent the tropospheric ozone chemistry, which is especially relevant for studying the links between climate and air pollution. In the study of Shalaby et al. (submitted, Figure D1) this scheme was evaluated for the august 2003 European heat wave event which also led to massive regional pollution over Europe.

Beside climate-pollution studies, these developments are the basis for the improved representation of atmospheric aerosols (e.g., formation of secondary aerosol from gaseous precursors) and their interactions with clouds and radiation, which is still an important source of uncertainty in climate models. The RegCM-CHEM model also opens new possibilities for studying different impacts of anthropogenic activities on the environment (e.g. acid rains, eutrophisation, etc.) especially relevant at the regional scale and in regions of high demographic pressure. For example, as part of the new project PAPRIKA, the RegCM/CHEM is being used to study the effect of carbon aerosol deposition on snow melting in the western Himalaya.

These developments have been involving collaborations between senior and junior scientist from the ESP section, Egypt, the US and Europe. The computational aspect is especially important since climate chemistry calculations are very intensive. A growing number of scientists from developing nations showed their interest in joining ESP activities in climate chemistry modeling. Moreover, ESP is involved in ongoing projects dealing with climate-chemistry interactions such as MEGAPOLI (EU) and PAPRIKA (Italy-France).

E. Oceanography (Farneti, Kucharski, Tompkins + associates/visitors)

The Oceanography research line was recently strengthened through the addition of one Post-doctoral fellow (Farneti) working with ESP staff (Kucharski, Tompkins). This activity aims

Figure D1. Evolution of simulated and measured (colored circles) ozone concentration field through the first two weeks of August 2003, corresponding to the core of the heat wave. Each panel displays a concentration field in (ppbv) at 14 h UT. (a) 1-August, (b) 4-August, (c) 8-August, (d) 10-August, (e) 12-August, (f) 16-August. (From Shalaby et al. 2011).

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at understanding the dynamics of climate variability on interannual, decadal and centennial time scales, with a special interest in the role played by the ocean in the mechanisms behind the inherent variability and predictability of the climate system, and how this might change under future climate scenarios. Studies on modes of variability, meridional heat transport and the response to climate change are a few examples of the problems that are being tackled in climate dynamics from an ocean perspective. The ocean’s vital role in the climate system results, for example, from its capacity of transporting significant amounts of heat and storing almost fifty times as much carbon dioxide as the atmosphere. The global oceanic overturning circulation connects all ocean basins and is capable of transmitting local information both around the globe and from the surface to the deeper layers of the oceans. The ocean is thus a primary player in the response and evolution of the climate system to variability and anthropogenic change.

Because decadal climate predictions largely rely on the role the ocean plays in the predictability of low-frequency modes of variability, it is of fundamental importance to accurately represent the ocean component within climate models. Thus, in this research line a significant effort is devoted to the testing, implementation and refinement of physical parameterizations in ocean models. A hierarchy of coupled and ocean-only climate models, from state-of-the-science to idealized coupled models of different complexity, have been used and developed for the study of the role of the ocean in climate variability, predictability and the partitioning of ocean-atmosphere energy transport (Figure E1). Within this context, an ongoing major effort is the development of a coupled climate model of intermediate complexity, consisting of a global ocean model coupled to the ICTP atmospheric model SPEEDY. Due to its low computational cost, the flexibility of its components and the public availability of its modules, the coupled climate model is expected to be used for several educational and outreach activities.

E1. Role of the Ocean in interannual to multi-decadal variability and predictability of the climate system (Farneti, Kucharski, Molteni+ associates/visitors/Phd students)

In 2010 the intermediate complexity coupled climate model developed in ESP was used by Farneti and Vallis (2011) in a study in which it was demonstrated that the ability of coupled ocean-atmosphere models to produce multi-decadal variability depends on the oceanic mean state as well as on the ability of the atmosphere to reduce the damping felt by the ocean, and therefore on the atmosphere’s ability to respond to persistent sea-surface temperature anomalies. Under a certain parameter range, the northern mid-latitude region produces coupled interdecadal variability, with the oscillation rooted in the ocean.

Figure E1. Annual mean sea surface temperature from a 10-year simulation with the global ocean model MOM run on the ICTP cluster.

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Related to the above, a high degree of compensation in the energy transport in the Northern Hemisphere was found for coupled models of different complexity (Farneti and Vallis, 2011). At decadal time scales, variations in the strength of the overturning circulation tend to lead to variability in the energy transport, and the atmosphere is compensating for variations in the ocean transport so as to maintain a constant total meridional heat transfer in the coupled system. It remains to be seen if this compensation mechanism will hold for different climates.

The ability to represent the oceanic response to changes in mechanical and buoyancy forcings is of fundamental importance for understanding the climatic impact of increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases. The Southern Ocean is a key player in the Earth’s climate for its importance in the global ocean circulation and air–sea exchanges of heat, freshwater, and tracer gases. Mesoscale oceanic eddies are believed to play a crucial role in the dynamical and thermodynamical balance of the Southern Ocean, but eddy fluxes must be parameterized in coarse-resolution climate models. ESP recent work has shown that present numerical approaches for the parameterization of eddy-induced transports are too restrictive, and prevent coarse-resolution ocean models from faithfully representing the eddy response to variability and change in the forcing fields (Farneti et al., 2010; Farneti and Gent, 2011). As shown in Farneti and Delworth (2010), this has global implications. Presently, new parameterizations of eddy fluxes are been tested and theroretical bounds for the eddy-induced circulation in the ocean have been proposed in Meredith et al. (J. Climate, submitted).

F. Mechanics of Earthquakes and Tectonophysis (MET)

F1. Earthquake and volcanic processes from Satellite Radar Interferometry and modeling in Africa (Hamling, Aoudia)

Deformation along the North African plate boundary:

Deformation along the North African plate boundary, related to the closure of the Tethys Ocean and subsequent collision between the Nubian and Eurasian plates, is complex and poorly understood. During the last century there have been a number of large (>6 Mw) earthquakes including the 2003 Zemmouri reverse faulting earthquake in Algeria and the 1935, Mw 7.1 normal faulting earthquake in Northern Libya. Despite this history of large earthquakes, very little is known about which structures are actively accumulating strain and how it is accommodated along the plate boundary. ESP researchers identified a number of regions known to be seismically active, and using SAR images acquired by ESA’s ERS-1/2 and Envisat constructed a series of interferograms spanning the last 15 years (Figure F1). Analysis of these interferograms suggests that faults near Algeria’s largest cities, Algiers and Oran, are accumulating strain at rates of a few mm/yr, with similar rates found in the Plio-Quaternary fold and thrust basin of Cheliff, site of the destructive 1980 M 7.3 El Asnam earthquake. Strain rates are quantified for the two graben basins: Guelma in Algeria and Hun in Libya. The results of this study help in formulating a model for crustal deformation in North Africa and in quantifying the associated earthquake hazard.

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Rifting in Afar, East Africa:

In September 2005, the 60-km-long Dabbahu rift segment, within the sub-aerial arm of the Red Sea Rift ruptured in Northern Afar, Ethiopia, marking the beginning of a continuing rifting episode. Since the initial 2.5 km3 dyke intrusion, 12 discrete dykes have been detected along the Dabbahu rift segment. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) and seismicity data indicate that the 2005 dyke was fed from shallow chambers beneath two volcanoes at the northern end of the segment, Dabbahu and Gabho, and a deeper reservoir at Ado’Ale near the segment centre. Using geodetic surveys and simple dislocation models to locate and quantify the extension that occurred during each event, regions were identified where tensile stress was increased (unclamped) by the previous dyke intrusions. Of the 12 events that followed the initial intrusion, nine dykes were observed to have at least half of their opening in regions unclamped by the previous events. It was therefore proposed that the transfer of stress links the 13 dyke intrusion events and that the stress change induced by a new dyke is an important factor in determining the location of future events and could help improve volcanic hazard analysis.

F2. Seismic Tomography in Asia and Africa (Guidarelli, Zandomeneghi, Ngatchou, Dhatwalia, Rindraharisaona, Aoudia)

Western Himalaya:

Rayleigh wave group velocity variations in the period range 6-60 sec were obtained for the western part of Himalaya in order to investigate the lateral variation of the crustal structure. The lateral variations of group velocities were observed using the Yanovskaya and Ditmar 2D tomography method. Group velocity dispersion curves were obtained for the fundamental Rayleigh waves by FTAN analysis. It was found that the western part of the Himalaya is characterized by an ongoing widespread convergence resulting in an accumulation of strain and its release through large earthquakes. The segmentation of the Himalayan front as revealed by past earthquakes mimics well the results of the tomography. The tomographic maps at lower periods (6-14 sec) show high perturbations indicating a high range variation of the upper crust structure. A prominent low velocity layer is reported beneath the upper crust which may be in favor of the channel flow model. For periods larger than 40 sec the region is divided into two main zones where the higher velocities in the south-west are probably due to the down going Indian plate.

The Mount Cameroon Volcano and the Cameroon Volcanic Line (West Africa):

The most prominent geological feature of Western Africa, namely the Cameroon Volcanic

Figure F1: Examples of InSAR time series analysis for the Hun Graben, Libya, and the regions of Oran and Cheliff in Algeria. Red colors indicate subsidence, while blue colors indicate uplift.

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Line (CVL) encompassing the Mount Cameroon volcano, was investigated using a dataset from 32 broadband seismic stations deployed in the period 2005-2007 by the Cameroon Broadband Seismic Experiment. By cross-correlating six months of continuous seismic noise records from the network distributed across the country, the Rayleigh-wave dispersion curves were obtained for the period range 5 to 30 s. These dispersion curves were inverted to yield tomographic Rayleigh-wave group velocity maps of the crust structure, which help us to image the main tectonic features of the CVL upper crust. In our tomography, the CVL is imaged like a slow velocity feature which follows the SW-NE trend of volcanic centres, and a stronger spot on Mt Cameroon, the most active volcano of the CVL. Other anomalies are evidenced as well, both positive and negative, to mark the main tectonic units of the Cameroon crust. Negative anomalies are located in correspondence of the old, thick crustal units of Congo Craton, in the south of the country, and of the Oubanguides mobile belt, in the centre. They are in contact with a composite area of low velocities, which probably indicate the seismic imprint of the volcanic centres and/or the shallow mantle of the Benue Trough, between Cameroon and Nigeria. These results illustrate the importance of the ambient noise technique to image the crustal structure of a region not characterized by intense seismicity but possible site of destructive volcanic eruptions. Moreover, with the continuous monitoring offered by the current widespread seismic networks, temporal variations in medium heterogeneities, detected as perturbation in the Green’s function, can be related to variations in the subsurface velocity structure, especially interesting for active volcanic and tectonic areas. From the same Cameroon Broadband Seismic Experiment, the seismic records were processed to obtain an overview of the country seismicity indicating that, with the exception of the Mt. Cameroon area, the average seismicity is low through the country.

East African Rift:

In the remote Afar depression in northern Ethiopia, the African continent is slowly splitting apart and a new ocean is forming. In September 2005, a series of fissures opened along the Afar Depression. Over about a week, the rift pulled apart by eight metres and dropped by up to one metre. This process of ocean formation is normally hidden beneath the seas, but the Afar is the only place on Earth where the split occurs on land. The Afar Depression in north-east Africa contains the rift triple-junction between the Nubia, Arabia and Somalia plates. Rayleigh wave group velocities from 250 regional earthquakes were analyzed to study the crustal structure across Afar and adjacent plateau regions in northern Ethiopia. The dispersion velocities were inverted to obtain surface wave tomographic maps for periods between 5 and 25 seconds, sensitive to approximately the top 30 km of the lithosphere. The tomographic maps show a significant low dispersion velocity anomaly (> 20%) within the upper crust, below the site of recent dyke intrusions (2005-present) in the Dabbahu and Manda-Hararo magmatic segments. Similar low velocity regions are imaged where magma intrusion in the Afar crust has been inferred from seismicity or volcanic eruptions. The active region has a low velocity zone (Vs ~3.2 km/s), between about 6 – 12 km, which is probably due to the presence of partial melt within the crust.

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Figure F2. Left panel: Rayleigh wave group velocity maps at 5 sec period presented as percent deviation from the average. Major border faults are shown schematically: red circle areas indicate magmatic segments. Right panel: Inverted velocity 1D profile for the white square area on an active magmatic segment. The gray dashed line is the initial S-wave velocity model and the black line is the best-fit model.

F3. Earthquake transients and mountain building processes (Borghi, Barletta, Aoudia)

Earthquake transients:

A key issue in our understanding of the earthquake cycle and seismic hazard is the behavior of an active fault during the interseismic phase and space geodetic techniques, such as GPS, remain the best tool available for assessing the short-term fault behavior. A modified Bayesian approach and Blake and Zissermann variational model was used to identify potential transients within the GPS time series and to investigate unknown time series discontinuities. The method consists of finding discontinuities in a smooth signal (y0), i.e. in a signal that can be reasonably modelled by a multiple polynomial regression, using the Bayesian theory. The epochs (τ) corresponding to discontinuities can be computed by their marginal posterior distribution p(τ | y0) and obtained as the highest posterior probability. Once the jump epochs are fixed, their amplitude (k) can be estimated by a posterior distribution p(k| τ, y0). Through the minimisation of specific functionals, the models permit the signal segmentation and the detection of signal discontinuities. This method was applied to the heavily monitored Cascadia subduction zone in order to detect the magnitude of the transient deformations and discontinuities in the signal.

Mountain building:

The classic question of the relative roles of tectonics and glacier shrinkage in shaping mountain ranges remains open. A high resolution modeling technique accounting for both glaciation and deglaciation together with velocities from 110 Continuous Global Positioning System (CGPS) stations was used to study the on-going deformation of the European Alps and surroundings. The horizontal velocity field reveals that extension dominates the current tectonics of the Western Alps and Rhine graben while compression dominates the current tectonics of the Central and Eastern Alps. Transcurrent tectonics is reported all over the Alps. The vertical velocity field exhibits larger values over the high elevation parts of the Alps (Figure F3). The Western Alps are likely undergoing larger upward movements when compared to the Central and Eastern Alps. The Alps thus appear on average to be accommodating more vertical movement than horizontal one. What dynamics drive this vertical movement? A recent realistic ice-model for Quaternary ice age, with both glaciation and deglaciation phases, is used to simulate the Post Glacial Rebound (PGR). Both the present-day uplift rate and the static gravity anomaly due to the PGR were computed at high resolution and the results were discussed in light of other independent data sets and recent literature.

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Training Activities

At ICTP

Diploma Course in Earth System Physics (A. Aoudia coordinator)

Workshop: Fifth ICTP Workshop on the Theory and Use of Regional Climate Models, 31 May - 11 June 2010. Organizers: F. Giorgi, N. Diffenbaugh, W. Gutowski, R Anyah.

Targeted Training Activity: Statistical Methods in Seasonal Prediction, 2-13 August 2010.Organizers: J. Shukla, T. Delsole, J. H. Yoo

Conference on Decadal Predictability, 16-20 August 2010. Organizers: J. Shukla, F. Kucharski, L. Feudale. Co-Sponsor: Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA), USA

International MedCLIVAR-ICTP-ENEA Summer School on the Mediterranean Climate System and Regional Climate Change, 13-22 September 2010. Organizers: V. Artale, E. Coppola, F. Giorgi, P. Lionello, U. Ulbrich. Co-Sponsor: European Science Foundation (ESF-MedCLIVAR)

MedCLIVAR Workshop on Scenarios of Mediterranean Climate Change under Increased Radiative Active Gas Concentration and the Role of Aerosols, 23-25 September 2010.Organizers: P. Alpert, E. Coppola, F. Dulac, F. Giorgi (ICTP), L. Li. Co-Sponsor: European Science Foundation (ESF-MedCLIVAR)

Outside Activities

The 2010 Southwestern Hemisphere Workshop Series on Climate Change: C02, the Biosphere and Climate, 15-26 March 2010 - Buenos Aires, Argentina. Organizers: I. Orlanski, C. Vera

Geophysics, Geodesy and Tectonics of the North Africa Plate Boundary for Better Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard Assessments, 15-21 May 2010 - Algiers, Algeria. Organizers: A. Aoudia, M. Meghraoui, Hafid Aourag. Co-Sponsors: International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI), International Association of Geodesy (IAG) and the Emerging Nations Science Foundation (ENSF)

UWCAD International Summer School: Water in the Anthropocene, 6-12 June 2010 - Duino, Italy. Organizers: C. Piani, P. Howe, F. Giorgi, H. White

International Projects and external Funding

Water and Global Change - WATCH, funded by the EU, 2006-2010, 415,600 Euro. (C. Piani, L. Mariotti, E. Coppola)

Figure F3. Calculated uplift over the Alps in mm/yr.

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Megacities: Emissions, Urban, Regional and Global Atmospheric Pollution and Climate Effects and Integrated Tools for Assessment and Mitigation - MEGAPOLI, funded by the EU, 2008-2011, 107,00 Euro. (A. Zakey, F. Giorgi)

Assessing Climatic Change and Impacts on the Quantity and Quality of Water - ACQWA, funded by the EU, 2008-2013, 208,000 Euro. (E. Coppola, F. Giorgi, E-S. Im)

Quantifying weather and climate impacts on health in developing countries - QWECI, funded by the EU, 2010-2014, 372,000 Euro. (A. Tompkins, C. Piani)

Contract with the Centro Euro-Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici (CMCC), 2008-2010, 200,000 Euro. (F. Giorgi, E. Coppola, E-S. Im)

Socioeconomic Consequences of Climate Change in Sub-equatorial Africa - SoCOCA, funded by the Norwegian Research Council, 2009-2011, 102,000 Euro. (F. Giorgi, B. Sylla)

Network for Africa Community Access to Regional (Seasonal and Climate) Predictions for End-user Groups - AFRICARP, funded by the Italian ministry of Foreign Affairs, 2008-2011, 300,000 Euro. (A. Tompkins, F. Giorgi, E. Coppola)

SHARE-PAPRIKA Italy, agreement with Comitato Ev-K2-CNR, Bergamo, Italy, 2010 - 2013, 75,000 Euro. (F. Giorgi, V. Nair)

Health, environmental change and adaptive capacity: mapping, examining and anticipating future risks of water-related vector-borne diseases in eastern Africa – HEALTHY FUTURES, 229,000 Euro, proposal submitted to the EU FP7 Program. (A. Tompkins, F. Giorgi)

Climate Local Information in the Mediterranean region: Responding to User Needs – CLIM-RUN, 270,000 Euro, proposal submitted to the EU FP7 program. (F. Giorgi)

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (F. Giorgi)

Coordinated regional climate Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) – WCRP (F. Giorgi, E. Coppola, L. Mariotti, B. Sylla)

Climate of the 20th Century (C20C) Project, CLIVAR (F. Kucharski)

Italian funds in trust with UNESCO, sub-project Building Environmental Networks in Africa, 2008-2011, 150,000. (A. Aoudia)

Co-PI NSF Award OISE- 0913230 Earthquake and Volcanic Hazards in the East-African Rift, co-PI. (A. Aoudia)

Natural Environment Research Council (UK) Afar Rift Project, 2007-2012. (A. Aoudia)

staff and Long Term Visitors (3 months or more)

F. Giorgi, Italy, Senior Research Scientist (head)

A. Tompkins, U.K., Research Scientist

K. Aoudia, Algeria, Research Scientist

F. Kucharski, Germany, Research Scientist

F. Solmon, France, Research Scientist

X. Bi, China, Assistant Research Scientist

E. Coppola, Italy, Research Scientist

J. Shukla, U.S.A., Consultant

C. Brankovic, Croatia, Staff Associate

I.-S. Kang, Korea, Staff Associate

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J.-H. Joo, Korea, Post-doctoral Fellow

A. Zakey, Egypt, Post-doctoral Fellow

L. Feudale, Italy, Post-doctoral Fellow

E-S Im, Korea, Post-doctoral Fellow

N. Elguindi, USA, Post-doctoral Fellow

R. Farnetti, Italy, Post-doctoral Fellow

G. T. Diro, Ethiopia, Post-Doctoral Fellow

R. Lowe, U.K., Post-doctoral Fellow

M. Guidarelli, Italy, Post-Doctoral Fellow

I. J. Hamling, U.K., Post-doctoral Fellow

D. Zandomeneghi, Italy, Post-doctoral Fellow

C. Piani, Italy, Post-doctoral Fellow

B. Sylla, Senegal, Post-doctoral Fellow

S. Li, China, Post-doctoral Fellow

L. Mariotti, Italy, Post-doctoral Fellow

V. Nair, India, Post-doctoral Fellow

I. Herceg Bulic, Croatia, Visiting Scientist

F. Stordal, Norway, Visiting Scientist

A. Kamal Shalaby, Egypt, (STEP program)

M.A.H. Zaroug, (STEP program)

T. Terefe Zeleke, Addis Ababa, PhD Student (STEP program)

E. Ngatchou, Cameroon, PhD Student (STEP program)

E. Rindraharisaona, Madagascar, PhD Student (STEP program)

R. Barimala, Madagascar, PhD Student

G. Tumolo, U. Trieste, PhD Student

F.S. Syed, U. Stockholm, Pakistan, Associate

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sTRUCTURe AND NON-LINeAR DYNAMICs OF THe eARTH (sAND)

Introduction

The research activities are divided into two main lines: Non-Linear Dynamics of the Earth’s Lithosphere (led by Prof. V.I. Keilis-Borok, International Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics, IIEPT, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia) and Structure of the Earth with Application to Seismic and Volcanic Risk Mitigation (led by Prof. G.F. Panza, Department of Geosciences, University of Trieste, DiGeo-UNITS, Italy).

Within the framework of the first line we aim at the understanding and prediction of earthquakes that are considered extreme events in a complex system (the Earth lithosphere). Earthquakes are studied along with other extreme events in complex systems of different nature. This general approach gives possibility to search for the analogues between precursors to extreme events of different types.

Within the framework of the second line we aim at the development of theoretical grounds for seismic and volcanic risk mitigation on the basis of 3D modeling of Earth structure and earthquake sources, through the study of wave propagation in three-dimensionally heterogeneous, inelastic and anisotropic media as a preparatory step for data assimilation, which allows the incorporation into a three-dimensional dynamic model of observations (in the present) and unknown initial conditions (in the past) for temperature and flow in order to determine the initial conditions.

The developed methodologies are transferred to scientists from developing countries through joint research, with particular attention to training potential leaders, and combining the workshops with subsequent individual projects. Special efforts are devoted to guarantee the continuity of collaborative research by exploiting currently available technologies for remote interactions (i.e. the internet). The very positive outcome from past experience calls for an improvement of such interactions; this is attained by integration and formalization of existing scientific and computing networks, where ICTP plays a key role as the base for training and dissemination, through regular schools and workshops.

Research Activities

Line of research: Non-Linear Dynamics of the Earth’s Lithosphere

Earthquake prediction by M8 algorithm

The 2010 great Chilean earthquake (27.02.2010, Mw=8.8) was predicted within the framework of the experiment aimed at a real-time intermediate-term medium-range earthquake prediction at a global scale by means of the M8 algorithm. The alarm was announced at the website http://users.ictp.it/www_users/sand/index_files/DevelopmentofPrediction.html in July 2007 till June 2012 (Fig. 1). During the last 10 years this is the only alarm area obtained by the algorithm in the South America region.

The problem of how to correctly use an inaccurate measure of target events to analyze space-time earthquake prediction results has been studied. The following outcomes have been found: (i) a confidence zone for error diagram (a characteristic of the prediction capability of a method); (ii) an upper bound for significance of prediction results; (iii) a lower bound for number of data required to estimate the rate measure. The theoretical results have been applied to analyze the significance of the prediction of earthquakes with M≥8.0 in 1985-

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2009 by means of the M8 algorithm and the results obtained argue in favor of non-triviality of these predictions.

Fig. 1. Prediction of the 2010 great Chilean earthquake (27.02.2010, Mw=8.8) by the algorithm M8.The alarm area is shown in yellow; the red star is the epicenter of the predicted earthquake; white rhombs – its first aftershocks (outlining the source).

Morphostructural zonation and recognition of earthquake-prone areas

The morphostructural zoning map of Vietnam has been compiled. The map shows the hierarchy of blocks and lineaments. The correlation of earthquakes with magnitude M ≥ 5.0 with intersections of morphostructural lineaments makes it possible to apply pattern recognition technique for the identification of seismogenic nodes for M ≥ 5.0. Among others the magnetic parameters describing the nodes will be tested in this identification.

Numerical models of the lithosphere dynamics

The block structure model developed for the junction zone of the Alps and Dinarides has been used to study the block movements and the behaviour of synthetic seismicity. The analysis of the block velocities shows that synthetic earthquakes affect the whole block structure. A long period of slow changes, with a typical duration of hundreds of years, is interrupted by a sudden, almost instant change of typical velocity. This can be interpreted as a manifestation of critical transition in the block system. These sudden changes generally follow strong earthquakes or swarms of moderate size earthquakes, and they often affect not only the block where the earthquake or swarm occurs, but also the whole system. Most of the strong earthquakes occur in periods when the northward component of the velocity is comparatively high in the Dinaric domain, with respect to the Alpine domain. The actual variation of velocities is small (it does not exceed a few percent) so it is difficult to detect this phenomenon in observations, as accuracy of the GPS measurement is considerably lower. The detailed analysis of block velocities shows that the response of the block structure to the small earthquake grows before large events. A considerable variation in the level of activity and space distribution of epicenters is detected over periods that are comparable with the duration of observations, although some stability is attained when a 3000-4000 years time interval is considered. The space distribution of epicenters changes with time

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both for synthetic and observed earthquakes: in the synthetic catalog for some periods the epicenters distribution is similar to the observed one; nevertheless subsequent periods may display a completely different seismicity distribution. This indicates that currently available data are not sufficient to provide a significant snapshot of the seismic potential of a specific area.

Uranium groundwater anomalies and active normal faulting

Radon has been suggested as one possible precursor, and its groundwater anomalies associated with earthquakes and water–rock interactions were proposed in several seismogenic areas worldwide as possible transport of radon through microfractures, or due to crustal gas fluxes along active faults. We have shown, in collaboration with INFN and University of Roma Tre, that uranium groundwater anomalies, which were observed in cataclastic rocks crossing the underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory, can be used as a possible strain meter in domains where continental lithosphere is subducted. Specifically, these measurements indicate that uranium may be used, in the framework of the geophysical and geochemical models of the area, as a possible strain meter in extensional tectonic settings similar to those where the L’Aquila earthquake occurred.

Joint analysis of seismic and geodetic anomalies

A fully formalized system for the joint analysis of seismic and geodetic anomalies, as derived by Earth Observation data and advanced geophysical modelling, has been developed in the framework of the Pilot Project SISMA, funded by the Italian Space Agency (ASI), in collaboration with the University of Milano and Politecnico of Milano. The aim of the study is to integrate the results from CN and M8S earthquake predictions, regularly performed by SAND Group since 1998, with the results from a geodetic anomaly algorithm (based on GNSS data analysis) developed by the Politecnico of Milano for the Italian territory. The procedures and the basic statistical estimates associated with the geodetic anomalies with the alerts by CN and M8S algorithms have been defined. Specifically, with reference to the results from seismicity data, two time-dependent probability indicators have been associated to the alarmed and non-alarmed areas by CN and M8S algorithms. They are defined, as mean integral values of the performances of the prediction algorithms over the whole monitored territory, through the calculation of the space-time volumes (stv) associated with “alarm” and “no-alarm” areas, as well as accounting for successful predictions and failures to predict. The specific features of the integrated maps of alerted areas, which combine the geodetic and seismic anomalies simultaneously detected over the Italian territory, have been defined and are subject to update every two months. A first example of the resulting time-dependent map is shown in figure 2. The proposed system represents a significant step forward towards reliable operational earthquake prediction. In fact, it provides tools for establishing warning criteria based on deterministic and rigorous forward geophysical models and hence allows for a well controlled real-time testing and validation of the proposed methodology over the Italian territory.

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Fig. 2. Joint map of seismic and geodetic anomalies as detected by CN algorithm and GNSS data analysis. For the areas where both seismic and geodetic anomalies are detected (in red), the numbers provide the joint probability values, normalized to the largest obtained estimate.

Study of self organized criticality (SOC) models

Various variants of dissipative lattice SOC model of Olami, Feder, and Christensen, which is an analogue of the Burridge-Knopoff spring-block model, have been studied. It has been shown that behavior of the model demonstrates rather long periods of quasi-periodicity. Quality of the forecasting of large cluster appearances is decreasing in these periods. The influence of different model parameters (size of the lattice, dissipation coefficient, size of clusters, etc.) on manifestation of this effect has been studied. Particularly the effect is stronger in square lattice than in rectangular one. This effect increases also when the size of lattice or dissipation coefficient increases.

Prediction of extreme events in complex systems

Possibility to develop algorithms for prediction of extreme events in complex systems on the basis of different functions characterizing system’s background activity has been analyzed. Two complex systems have been considered: economy with starts of economic recessions as extreme events and megacity with starts of surges in homicides as extreme events. The background activity is determined by using as a starting point the indicators describing the system’s behavior and identifying changes in an indicator’s trend. Those changes constitute background events (BE). The following functions are calculated in a sliding time window: a function, which characterizes BE scaling distribution, the number and the weighted number of BEs that characterize the level of background activity. It has been found that as a rule these functions demonstrate the following behavior: the function value increases before and just after an extreme event, late on it decreases and increases again before the next extreme event. Such behavior suggests the following scheme of a prediction algorithm: an alarm is declared when the function value reaches a certain level L1 after its falling below a second level L2, where L1 > L2.

Line of research: Structure of the Earth with Application to Seismic and Volcanic Risk Mitigation

Theoretical research on 3D waves propagation

The theoretical studies on earthquake and tsunami wavefields propagation in media exhibiting elastic variations in both the horizontal directions are ongoing in the framework of the WKBJ approximation, combining the Modal Summation with the Asymptotic Ray Theory. A new code allowing the very efficient simulation of wave motion in a fully three-dimensional geometry has been developed. The conditions of validity of such an approximation are not

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always met in nature, so the main goal is to model the area of interest in such a way to provide the validity of the WKBJ approximation. This is done properly smoothing the lateral heterogeneity of the elastic parameters of the study area. The efficiency of the computational scheme sits mainly on the combination of the WKBJ - approximation with the two-points ray – tracing algorithm, by means of the bi-dimensional shooting method, naturally applicable when the Modal Summation is used. This procedure, based on optimized “ad hoc” computer codes and developed from a detailed knowledge of the seismic source process and the propagation of seismic and tsunami waves in 3D heterogeneous media, enables a realistic estimate of seismic and tsunami hazard to be obtained in those areas for which scarce (or no) historical or instrumental information is available; it also enables the relevant parametric analyses to be performed. It provides a useful tool for the reliable assessment of seismic hazard and seismic risk reduction and it is particularly suitable for scientists in Developing Countries, since the ground motion modeling codes have been optimized to fit the capacities of widely available 2 GHz CPU.

Seismic source studies for the 2010 Chile earthquakes

The 2010 great Chilean earthquake (27.02.2010, Mw=8.8) and its 16 main aftershocks have been studied. Using surface wave spectra and polarities of direct P-waves the estimates for moment tensor, depth, and integral characteristics describing the geometry of faulting process and its evolution in time have been obtained for the main shock. The main aftershocks were considered in approximation of instant point double-couple and were characterized by seismic moment, focal mechanism and depth. Seismic waves radiated most by aftershocks propagated on the background of wave field radiated by the preceding much stronger events. As result the seismic records are difficult to interpret, and for two of the studied aftershocks there are no solutions in the Global CMT catalog. These noisy seismograms and isolated surface waves have been interpreted by filtering them in frequency-time domain.

Full moment tensor analysis and the dynamics of the 2001 Etna eruption

The Mt. Etna eruption of July 2001 was announced by a severe seismic activity and by the opening of a 7 km long zone of densely distributed fractures. The large amount of data collected gave a unique opportunity to study the magma migration process and to infer the position and geometry of the uprising dike. Results from multidisciplinary approaches suggest that the observed phenomenology was the result of the rapid intrusion of a vertical dike, oriented roughly N-S, and located few km south of the summit region. To add new constraints on the dynamics of the eruption process, the full seismic moment tensors of 61 earthquakes have been determined (Fig. 3). The analysis revealed the presence of high percentage of double couple events, well related with the system of fractures bred just before the eruption, but also meaningful non-double couple components that can be explained as the response of the confining rocks to the magma uprising and degassing process. The space-time analysis of seismic source locations and source moment tensors 1) confirmed the evidence of a vertical dike emplacement that fed the 2001 lateral eruption and 2) added new insights supporting the hypothesis of the injection of a second aborted dike, 2 km SE far from the fractures zone.

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Fig. 3. Speculative model of the central feeding system (red) and evolution of eccentric dykes (orange and yellow) during the period July 12–18, 2001. Intrusions from the central feeding system (a) precede the rise of eccentric dykes (b). Seismicity is plotted with different symbols for each of the identified zones with colours that represent the DC component percentages. The fracture system (blue lines) and eruptive vents are also reported.

Climatic modulation of seismicity in the Alpine–Himalayan mountain ranges

A significant seasonal modulation of seismicity, with a peak in spring and summer, is evidenced in the Himalaya and the Alps, two regions characterized by present day mountain building and relevant glaciers retreat. In addition, a secular modulation of seismicity, which can be correlated with surface atmosphere temperature changes in Northern hemisphere, has been detected over the last ten centuries. These evidences suggest the possibility for competing effects of tectonic forces and the load due to snow and ice cover. In fact, tectonic forces responsible for mountain building must overcome, amongst other things, gravity; the snow/ice load enhances compression at reverse faults, reducing the Coulomb failure stress by a few kPa, a value sufficient to modulate the tectonic stress buildup (few tens of kPa/yr). The increment of the vertical load in a compression regime increases the vertical while decreases the deviatoric stress; consequently the shear stress remains below the critical value and the faults are more “stable”. Accordingly, the number of strong earthquakes (M≥7.0) decreases during the snow/ice load. Therefore secular variations of permanent glaciers dimensions, naturally associated with long-term average surface atmosphere temperature changes, and seasonal snow load may cause crustal deformations that modulate seismicity, thus questioning the concept of thr earthquakes return period that is at the base of PSHA (see below).

Structure of the Earth: asymmetry of ocean basins

The paper entitled “Asymmetric ocean basins” by G.F. Panza, C. Doglioni and A. Levshin (2010, Geology, 38, 1, 59-62) was highlighted by Nature Geosciences in March 2010 since it challenges current views on plate tectonics driving forces, one of the less understood processes, and supplies evidences for an astronomical source of energy (tidal drag/despinning) for plate motion.

Figure 4 shows that upper asthenosphere contains a low-velocity layer (LVZ), i.e., what is

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supposed to be the main decoupling surface between the lithosphere and mantle, allowing net rotation of the lithosphere, i.e., first-order relative eastward mantle flow, or westward drift of lithosphere. Secondary flow should be related to mantle obliquely upraised along oceanic ridges. Asymmetry between two sides of ridges is independent from age of oceanic lithosphere, shown at top in million years.

Fig. 4. Un-interpreted (above) and interpreted (below) shear wave velocity (Vs) sections along tectonic equator of Earth’s first 300 km. EPR—Eastern Pacific Ridge, MAR—Mid-Atlantic Ridge, IR—Indian Ridge.

Structure of the crust and upper mantle in Tibet and surrounding regions

A detailed study, aiming at the reconstruction of the main features of the structure of crust and upper mantle from surface wave tomography and gravity modeling, in Tibet and its neighboring regions, has been started in the framework of the International PhD program of MIUR, in collaboration with the Geosciences Department of the University of Trieste, the Institute of Geophysics of the China Earthquake Administration and the Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The purpose is to understand the modality of the convergence and collision process between Indian and Eurasia plates and its influence on plateau uplift. Since North China is the future Tibetan plateau in view of the Wilson cycle we analyse the crustal velocity depth-profile of North China craton, as determined from ambient noise surface wave tomography. The completion of the project will require a few years of intense collaboration.

Elastic and anelastic regional structures for Iran

In the framework of the ongoing agreement between ICTP and IIEES (International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Tehran, Iran), a first important scientific result, essential for a reliable seismic hazard assessment, has been obtained from the detailed processing of the data gathered by the Iranian seismological networks. The research was carried out by Dr. Habib Rahimi, who graduated discussing the thesis: “Elastic and Anelastic regional structures for crust and upper mantle, in Iran”.

Seismic Hazard Assessment: verification of PSHA maps against observed seismicity

Verification tests have been provided by application to predict the historical seismic events reported in the CPTI04 catalogue for the three seismic hazard approaches: PSHA (Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment), NDSHA (NeoDeterministic Seismic Hazard Assessment) and based on USLE (Unified Scaling Law for Earthquakes). In particular, for the

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USLE based seismic hazard approach the retrospective test for the expectation of a strong (with magnitude M ≥ 6) event in the last 40 years in Italy and surrounding territories has been carried out.

Comparison of the Global Seismic Hazard Assessment Program Map (GSHAP, 1999) against the seismic reality (US GS/NEIC Global Hypocenters Data Base, 2000-2010) has been performed. According to the analysis, in case of a strong (with M ≥ 6) event, the median of the difference between the observed Modified Mercalli Intensity and the one derived from the GSHAP Map equals 2.5. This leads to a conclusion that the GSHAP Map is misleading to disasters like those occurred in Wenchuan, China (2008) and Port-au-Prince, Haiti (2010).

Analysis of macroseismic data sets in the Vrancea region

The joint cross-frontiers macroseismic data set for the strongest Vrancea earthquakes has been prepared. This macroseismic data for five earthquakes was processed by the Modified Polynomial Filtering (MPF) method and Diffused Boundary (DB) method. These methods involve specific smoothing procedures by generalizing the local polynomial filtering and incorporate the discreteness of the intensity scale and allow the visualization of the uncertainty of isoseismals. The obtained isoseismal maps cover the whole territory affected by Vrancea events and show important discrepancies in comparison with the observation data that have to be considered in the parameterization of these events.

The analysis was carried out in the framework of multilateral-oriented network projects supported by the CEI (Central European Initiative), namely the project “Unified seismic hazard mapping for the territory of Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia and Republic of Macedonia”, 2009-2010. The main scopes of collaboration consist in: a) upgrading the existing seismic zonation maps; b) harmonizing the seismic hazard and risk estimates in the different partner countries within a common framework, provided by the software support available at ICTP SAND and CEI University Network.

Real-time testing of intermediate-term middle-range earthquake predictions in Italy

The real-time prospective testing of the intermediate-term middle-range earthquake predictions performed by M8S and CN algorithms, has been ongoing since 2003. The experiment, aimed at prediction of earthquakes with magnitude larger than 5.4 in the Italian territory and its surroundings, continued without any interruption throughout the year 2010. The prediction results are regularly updated every two months and are made accessible (along with a complete archive of past predictions), via the ICTP website, to more than 100 scientists worldwide, thus allowing for a rigorous prospective testing of the predictive capability of the applied algorithms. The ICTP-SAND website plays an essential role in the framework of this experiment, as it allows the independent experts to access and regularly check the status of current predictions http://us.cseptesting.org. Current predictions are protected by password; in fact, although these predictions are intermediate-

Fig. 5. Dr. Habib Rahimi (center) PhD, between Panza (ICTP, SAND Group) on the left and Hamzeloo (IIEES) on the right, graduated within IIEES-ICTP agreement, on December 19, 2010.

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term and by no means imply a “red alert”, there is a legitimate concern about maintaining necessary confidentiality to avoid misuse of the prediction results. This experiment is particularly advanced at the international level, where some international projects, aimed at the validation of forecasting methodologies, have been only recently launched (e.g. CSEP - Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability; http://us.cseptesting.org. Updated prediction results, as well as the related scenarios of expected ground motion, are also delivered to the Civil Defence of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region in the framework of the agreement with ICTP.

Time-dependent definition of the seismic input, based on geophysical modelling and earth observation

A fully formalized system for the time-dependent definition of the seismic input, at regional and local scale, has been developed in the framework of the Pilot Project SISMA funded by ASI (Italian Space Agency). The synergic use of geodetic Earth Observation data (EO) and Geophysical Forward Modeling deformation maps at national scale complements the space and time dependent information provided by real-time monitoring of seismic flow (performed by means of the algorithms CN and M8S) and permits the identification and routine updating of alerted areas. At the local spatial scale (tens of km) of the seismogenic nodes identified by pattern recognition analysis, both GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques, coupled with expressly developed models for inter-seismic phase, eventually permit to indicate whether a specific fault is in a “critical state”. The scenarios of expected ground motion (shakemaps) associated with the alerted areas are then defined by means of full waveforms modeling, based on the possibility to compute synthetic seismograms by the modal summation technique (neo-deterministic hazard assessment). In this way a set of deterministic scenarios of ground motion, which refer to the time interval when a strong event is likely to occur within the alerted area, are defined both at national and local scale.

The proposed time-dependent approach complements the traditional approach to seismic hazard estimates, since it supplies routinely updated information about the expected seismic input. Time information associated to the scenarios of ground motion, given by the intermediate-term middle-range earthquake predictions, can be useful to public authorities in assigning priorities for timely mitigation actions, such as the seismic safety appraisal of strategic buildings and structures, and hence it is particularly relevant for Civil Defence purposes.

Scenario-based hazard assessment for Gösgen Nuclear Power Plant (Switzerland)

A physically sound and reliable seismic input for Gösgen Nuclear Power Plant (Fig. 6) has been computed, in the framework of the “Scenario-based hazard assessment for PEGASOS Refinement Project (PRP), Support of PRP quality assurance program”, sponsored by Swissnuclear.

Fig. 6. The study site: Gösgen Nuclear Power Plant, Switzerland.

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A set of ground motion scenarios for an event similar to the 1356 Basel earthquake has been generated. The characterization of the expected ground motion at the bedrock has been based on the seismo-synthesis with the modal summation technique for extended seismic sources. The efficient analytical method allowed us to perform rapidly parametric tests (sensitivity analysis), that provide a measure of the uncertainty related to the degree of knowledge of the structural and source parameters, taking also into consideration source directivity effects. The complete time histories generated describe the ground motion in a more complete and effective way than the simple parameters generally used to describe the spatial distribution of seismic ground motion (PGA, PSA, etc.). To evaluate in a realistic way the local soil amplification effects, the synthetic seismograms have been also generated along several laterally heterogeneous velocity profiles using a hybrid method that combines the modal summation technique with finite difference. The site effect are determined as relative ground motion amplification with the respect to a reference 1D bedrock model, both in the time domain – PGA and PGV – and in the frequency domain as response spectral ratios.

Structures response to extreme seismic load

The outstanding topic of the protection of constructions in urban areas from exceptional loads, such as earthquakes, fire, wind, impact, explosions and so on, was addressed in the framework of the EU COST Action C26. Buildings in urban habitat are designed, in fact, according to rules aimed at ensuring an adequate structural safety level under “normal” loading conditions. Nevertheless, all structures can be exposed to certain extreme conditions arising out of predictable natural or man-made hazards. These include earthquakes in non-seismic areas, unforeseen fire, exceptional wind storms, heavy snow loading, gas explosions, accidental and/or incidental impact from projectiles or vehicles out of control, and explosions due to bomb blasts during terrorist attacks. The Action aimed to establish towards an improved understanding of the response of constructions to such extreme conditions, in order to ensure a given adequate safety level. The main objective of the Action was to establish an effective collaboration among scientists and engineers, in order to increase the knowledge of the behavior of constructions when exposed to above extreme actions. This permits to predict their response when both the applied loading and the inherent structural resistance are combined in such a way to reduce the safety level below acceptable values, leading in some cases to a premature collapse.

Seismic and tsunami hazard assessment and microzoning of Vietnam

The research carried out in the framework of long-term co-operation with the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) covered a wide range of topics, ranging from the intermediate term earthquake prediction in Vietnam, to the regional seismic hazard and the tsunami hazard assessment of Vietnam. During 2010, investigations mainly focussed on the detailed characterization of seismic ground motion, aimed at the site-specific microzonation of Vietnamese mega-cities (Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh cities) and other selected infrastructures. The analysis has been based either on recorded seismic signals or simulated ones. The inputs for numerical simulations have been derived from geological, geotechnical and geophysical data sets after computations have been carried out to simulate strong ground motion and generate the corresponding microzonation map. Training of young Vietnamese scientists, who became familiar with the theoretical and practical aspects of seismic hazard assessment at an urban scale, represented an important part of cooperation. In 2010 the VAST awarded Prof. Romanelli and Prof. G.F. Panza the Commemorative Medal. The prestigious award has been given for the fundamental contribution to the first neo-deterministic map of seismic hazard in Vietnam, obtained thanks to the application of the advanced methodologies developed at ICTP SAND group and at the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra (now merged into the Dipartimento di Geoscienze).

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Advanced seismic hazard assessment: scientific debate and dissemination.

The Advanced Conference on “Seismic Risk Mitigation and Sustainable Development” (10-14 May 2010) was organized at ICTP (smr2142), under the auspices of the Italian Ministry for Environment and Land and Sea, with the aim to debate the current critical issues of seismic risk assessment and to transfer advanced knowledge and methodologies to scientists, engineers and stakeholders particularly from less developed countries. The conference was directed by an international and interdisciplinary group formed by Antonella Peresan (ICTP and University of Trieste), Mihaela Kouteva (Academy of Sciences of Bulgaria), Renata Dmowska (Harvard University), Badaoui Rouhban (UNESCO) and Giuliano Panza (ICTP and University of Trieste) The Conference was co-sponsored by: Civil Defence of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region; Italian Space Agency (ASI-SISMA project); UNESCO-IPRED, InCE-CEI, GLIS (Working Group on Seismic Isolation), ASSISi (Anti-Seismic Systems International Society) and ENEA.

The Conference was one of the first international forums where observations and lessons from the recent Haiti and Chile earthquakes were discussed. Scientific and practical advances in the fields of seismic hazard and seismic risk mitigation were discussed targeting on the most effective multi-disciplinary interaction for the purpose of seismic risk mitigation and sustainable development. Snapshots on current seismic risk assessment research and practice, made during lectures and panel discussions, evidenced that large-scale PSHA projects are moving towards physical modeling of earthquake ground motions, mainly due to the lack of statistically representative and complete data. In a similar way a tendency is observed that DSHA, or NDSHA, are aiming to include a wide range of possible seismic sources into their analysis as the starting point for deriving scenarios. Therefore, both methods are essentially coming to a scenario-based approach. The expressed opinion and expertise evidenced that a single hazard map cannot meet all the requirements from different end-users, and therefore different kinds of hazard maps may be necessary for different purposes. Lessons learnt from recent destructive earthquakes, including the L’Aquila, Haiti and Chile earthquakes, provided new opportunities to revise and improve the SHA. There is the need, however, of a formal procedure for the official collection and proper evaluation of seismic hazard assessment results, so that society may benefit from the scientific studies and may not be misled by the incorrect hazard assessment results and even non-scientific results. Models currently used for SHA are generally verifiable, but their validation has been often limited by the available data and accumulated knowledge; cross-checking with independent physics based models and available observations is thus recognized as major validation procedure.

The main issues and several of the studies presented at the Advanced Conference are described in detail in a number of papers in publication in the PAGEOPH Topical Volume on “Advanced Seismic Hazard Assessment”, edited by G.F. Panza, K. Irikura, M. Kouteva, A. Peresan, Z. Wang, R. Saragoni (PAGEOPH, vol. 168, N.1/2 and 3/4), which was completed at the beginning of May 2010 and will be printed in 2011.

Earthquake research by ICTP scientist Giuliano Panza, of ICTP’s Structure and Non-Linear Dynamics of the Earth (SAND) group has been featured on the website “Science Watch”, which is produced by Thompson Reuters: According to our Special Topics analysis on earthquake research over the past decade, the work of Dr. Giuliano F. Panza ranks at #4 by papers, based on 74 papers cited a total of 434 times. In the Web of Science® from Thomson Reuters, Dr. Panza’s record includes 109 original articles, reviews, and proceedings papers, cited 715 times between January 1, 2000 and May 6, 2010.

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Funding

Internal

1. SAND Research Group, ICTP, Euro 27.000 + Euro 22,000

2. Advanced Conference on Seismic Risk Mitigation, & Sustainable Development (10 - 14 May 2010), Euro 10.000

3. Advanced School on Direct & Inverse Problems of Seismology (27 September - 9 October 2010) Euro 50,000

External

Three year agreement between ICTP and the Civil Defence of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region (DGR 1459 dd. 24.6.2009): Development of innovative approaches for the modeling of the Earth structure and the seismic sources aimed at the definition of time-dependent seismic input by means of intermediate-term middle-range earthquake prediction in the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region: Euro, 127.500 (Euro 42.500/year). Euro 22,000 transferred to smr2142 to reach a total of Euro 35.250

Swiss Nuclear Project: Euro 51.900

Protezione Civile Prov. di Trieste: Euro 4.500

Central European Initiative – CEI: Euro 1.239

ENEA: - Euro 2.000

staff and Long-Term Visitors (3 months or more)

Consultants

G.F. Panza (Italy)

Visiting Scientists

E. Brandmayr (Italy)

R. Habib (Iran-IIEES)

C. La Mura (Italy)

A. Peresan (Italy)

F. Romanelli (Italy)

F. Vaccari (Italy)

Junior Associates

J.Bad (Mongolia)

M. El-Gabry (Egypt)

Nguyen Huu Tuyen (Vietnam)

P.N. Singha Roy (India)

Regular Associates

B. Moreno Toiran (Cuba)

Wang Guo Xin (China)

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TRIL

K. Chunga Moran (Ecuador)

F. Gonzalez Matos O’Leary (Cuba)

CERES/CEI

R. Raykova (Bulgaria)

STEP

I. Sandu (Moldova)

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APPLIeD PHYsICs

AeRONOMY AND RADIOPROPAGATION LABORATORY (ARPL)

AeRONOMY seCTION

Introduction

Aeronomy related activities of the laboratory cover ionospheric modeling studies including 3D and time specification of the electron density in the ionosphere using experimental data ingestion. In addition, a new research topic has been initiated using radio occultation techniques to determine the electron density distribution in the ionosphere.

These studies are also oriented to the ionospheric effects in satellite navigation and positioning using GPS, the augmentation systems developed or being developed in the USA, Europe, Japan, China and India and other areas of the world and the future European GALILEO system.

An area of research dealing with the modeling of the ionosphere of the planet Mars has been initiated in collaboration with the Faculty of Physics of the Universidad Complutense of Madrid.

The ICTP had signed in 2009 a MoU with Boston College of the United States of America to promote, through ARPL, activities related to satellite navigation science and technology in Africa. A series of collaborations have started with research groups in African universities towards the implementation of joint research activities in this field.

It has to be noted that 22 papers published by members of the Aeronomy Section of ARPL have been cited 62 times during 2010 in the open literature in papers not authored by ARPL scientists (source: ISI Web of Knowledge).

Research Activities

Ionospheric model studies

ARPL has been requested to adapt the Laboratory ionospheric NeQuick 2 model, based on the version originally developed by the ARPL and the University of Graz (Austria), to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) requirements to be introduced in ITU Radiocommunication Bureau (ITU-R) recommendations. A complex series of model tests and verifications and software and technical documentation have been done including comparisons between the previous version of the model and the present NeQuick 2 version. The work was done under contract with the European Space Agency. A full report of the work done was presented at the ITU-R Study Group 3 Meeting held in Erice, Italy, in November 2010.

The technique developed at the ARPL to reconstruct global and regional three-dimensional and time varying electron density distribution in the ionosphere though experimental data ingestion in ionospheric models continue to be extended further. Results obtained ingesting also radio-occultation total electron content data have been presented at the 2010 Beacon Satellite Symposium, an international forum for advanced results in the field of ionospheric research using satellite signals. The presentation has been selected by the Symposium

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organizers for its publication in a special issue of the journal Radio Science.

Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (Ionospheric depletions) detection

The technique to detect electron density depletions due to plasma bubbles observed at low latitudes in the ionosphere that has been developed in collaboration with the Universidad Complutense of Madrid (Spain) and reported in the previous year has been substantially improved. The technique is being applied to time series of total electron content (TEC) calculated from GPS signals particularly to identify possible longitudinal variations of the occurrence and characteristics of the depletions and the corresponding plasma bubbles related to the presence of satellite signal scintillations. Results will be presented in an international meeting in 2011.

Effects of ionospheric disturbances on GNSS precise point positioning

In collaboration with the Universidad Complutense of Madrid a research on the effects of TEC irregularities not directly associated with signals scintillation on precise point positioning in equatorial regions has been investigated. It has been found that when TEC rate of change is enhanced estimated position altitudes contain errors of several meters for a single-epoch position determination, and latitude and longitude estimates are also degraded. The first results have been published.

Radio occultation studies

In the framework of the project ROSA (Radio Occultation Sounder of the Atmosphere) developed by an Italian consortium and financed by the Italian Space Agency, the Laboratory has developed a technique to use radio occultation of GPS signals received by a low orbiting satellite to determine the electron density distribution in the ionosphere. The ROSA experiment has been put in orbit with the OCEANSAT-2 Indian satellite launched in October 2009. An independent method has been developed using the “onion peeling” concept to derive the electron density profile from the height of the low orbiting satellite down to the lower layers of the ionosphere. Figure 1 shows three near noon local time electron density profiles obtained using data from the ROSA experiment onboard of OCEANSAT-2 at locations south of Australia.

Figure 1. Three electron density profiles obtained with the technique developed at the ARPL using ROSA data at locations south of Australia.

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Mars ionosphere

In collaboration with the Universidad Complutense of Madrid a modeling effort to describe Mars ionosphere has been started. More than 200 topside ionograms obtained from the low frequency radar MARSIS on board the ESA mission Mars Express (MEX) and peak electron density and height from radio occultation data of the NASA mission Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) have been used to model the height dependent electron density in the so called M1 layer. The basic data used correspond to both hemispheres but only in regions of Mars without surface magnetic anomalies. The first version of the model obtained is dependent on solar zenith angle and solar activity. The model will be presented at an international conference in 2011.

Training and Teaching Activities

Second Workshop on Satellite Navigation Science and Technology for Africa, 6-24 April 2010, Trieste.

The purposes of this second workshop, - organized and co-financed by Boston College, USA, under the partner established with this university - was to increase the global navigation satellite science and applications expertise in Africa and to further develop science collaborations with the universities in the continent by promoting the establishment of research groups interested in the field. For this reason professors or senior lecturers were invited to attend together with junior scientists nominated by them.

(S.M. Radicella co-director, local organizer and lecturer, B. Nava lecturer)

Workshop on Ionosphere and its Effects on GNSS Systems, Cairo/Alexandria, Egypt, 10-13 January 2010

This meeting was co-organized by the ARPL as a follow-up of the Workshop organized in Trieste to promote the establishment of a national effort towards the creation of a network of research groups in satellite navigation related activities in Africa.

(S.M. Radicella co-director and lecturer, B. Nava lecturer)

East, Central and Southern African GNSS and Space Weather Workshop, Nairobi, Kenya, 19-23 July 2010

This meeting was co-sponsored by the ARPL as a follow-up of the Workshop organized in Trieste to promote the establishment of a national effort towards the creation of a network of research groups in satellite navigation related activities in Africa.

(S.M. Radicella co-director and lecturer, B. Nava lecturer)

Series of Geophysics Seminars for the Master on Geophysics and Meteorology, Department of Geophysics and Meteorology, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, 16 December 2010

(S.M. Radicella delivered a seminar on Space Weather)

S.M. Radicella has been appointed Honorary Lecturer by Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Uganda, to co-direct Master and PhD thesis in that university.

Participation in International Meetings

Galileo Applications Days, EC, Brussels, Belgium, 3-5 March 2010 (S.M. Radicella)

Istituto Italo-Latinoamericano meeting on Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, 25 March 2010 (Keynote address by S. M. Radicella)

Awareness Workshop on Science and Technology for Related Committees of the National

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Assembly of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria, 10-11 May 2010 (S. M. Radicella, member of ICTP delegation and lecturer)

2010 Beacon Satellite Symposium, Barcelona, Spain, 7-11 June 2010 (S. M. Radicella, session chair and B. Nava, invited paper)

International Workshop on Occultations for probing Atmosphere and Climate and 1st International Radio Occultation Working Group Workshop, Graz, Austria, 5-11 September 2010 (B. Nava as member of the Space Weather Sub-Group of the Working Group)

European Commission/ African Union Commission EGNOS and Africa Stakeholder’s Workshop, Brussels, 14 September 2010 (S.M. Radicella, invited expert)

ITU-R Study Group 3, Meetings of Working Parties 3J, 3K, 3L and 3M, Erice, Italy, 14-18 November 2010 (B. Nava, invited to present NeQuick 2 model for ITU-R Recommendation)

9th International Symposium on Antennas, Propagation, and EM Theory, November 29 - December 2, 2010, Guangzhou, China, (S.M. Radicella, member of the Technical Program Committee and invited paper)

RADIOCOMMUNICATION seCTION

Introduction

Activities in information technologies and radiocommunications related topics covered in-house training and capacity building and in-site activities linked essentially to the use of radio systems in information and communication technologies for developing countries. Research and application activities in the area of “wireless sensors” are continuing to be able to transfer this new technology to developing countries. In order to increase the ARPL capabilities to train professionals from developing countries in the field a larger laboratory facilities have been inaugurated on 24 November 2010 as a joint effort of ICTP and ITU/BDT under the denomination of “ Guglielmo Marconi ICT Wireless Laboratory”. The new laboratory will host training and research activities of the ARPL Radiocommunication Section.

The UNesCO Programme

The Laboratory continues carrying out part of the ICTP programme financed with Italian funds-in-trust with UNESCO. Under this program ARPL has developed, in particular, the “Wireless Training Kit” (WTK) described below.

In the framework of the same programme training activities and research on Wireless Networking, Long Distance Wireless Links and Wireless Sensor Networks including GPS assisted positioning and satellite navigation science and technology in Africa to support such research have been carried out. These activities involve the Radiocommunication Section of the Laboratory with the collaboration of the Aeronomy Section for the last of these project areas.

Wireless Training Kits

The ARPL section has been concentrating efforts in the development of the WTK. Its goal is to provide all necessary elements to one or more instructors to organize hands-on training activity in a developing country. Very little local support is assumed, in terms of facilities and infrastructure. The main targets are academic institutions seeking to enrich their scientific/engineering curricula with a short course on “wireless networking laboratory”.

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After attending such an activity, participants should be able to understand the basics of WiFi networking, including topics such as how to choose the right antenna, how to properly install WiFi equipment, and should understand how all of this fits into their existing network. By the end of the course, attendees will participate in practical exercises and demonstrations with different kinds of WiFi equipment. The WTK is a set of wireless devices, lecture notes, laboratory exercises, teacher’s guides and video-lectures, designed by a team of international experts (under the coordination of the ARPL) to help teachers in organizing academic and hands-on training in wireless networking, with special focus on developing countries. The WTK is available in three languages: English, French and Spanish and has been used and tested during 2010 in different countries: Bolivia, India, Indonesia, Nigeria and Trinidad & Tobago. Figure 2 shows participants at the training activity carried out in Abuja, Nigeria using the WTK.

Figure 2. Participants at the CTP-AUST-NUC Workshop on Low Cost Wireless Networking, Abuja, Nigeria, 18-22 October 2010, using the WTK developed at ARPL.

The new ITU/BDT supported Project

A new project called “Strengthening Training Capacity in Wireless networking in Africa” has been approved and financed by the ITU/BDT and will be carried out under the responsibility of ARPL. This project should contribute concretely to develop networks of expertise by transferring low-cost wireless technology know-how to African training and/or educational institutions, by mentoring students and sharing knowledge. A basic element of the project will be the use of the WTK developed at ARPL. It will also involve the establishment of training centres on wireless technologies at selected African training and/or educational institutions, training of trainers on related Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) curricula, provision of training materials (e.g., lab bundles), and the launching of specific training opportunities.

european Commission FP7 Project QWeCI

ARPL is involved, together with the ICTP Earth System Physics group, in the European Union FP7 project QWeCI, which will examine the predictability of vector-borne diseases such as malaria and Rift Valley Fever in three regions of Africa. The project involves stakeholders and partners in all three African target regions. ARPL’s contribution is centered in Malawi where the project will use a new long-range WiFi network that connects two remote health centres to the regional hospital in Blantyre, recently installed by ARPL in collaboration with partners in Malawi under an existing ICTP project. QWeCI will attempt to use this network to advance the methods of collecting real-time data of disease incidence and disseminate forecast information. Part of the project will therefore involve contributing to the design of

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this system in collaboration with our partners and health-sector/governmental end-users in Malawi.

Training and Teaching Activities

International Workshop on Low-Cost Wireless Computer Networking, Pune, India, 11-15 January 2010 (the WTK developed at ARPL was used in the training; C. Fonda and M. Zennaro, organizers and lecturers)

ICTP-ITU/BDT-NSRC Workshop and Awareness Conference on Evolution of Wireless Technologies, ICTP, Trieste, Italy, 22 February - 12 March 2010 (S.M. Radicella, co-director; C. Fonda, M. Zennaro and E. Pietrosemoli lecturers)

First Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks with Applications in Environment Monitoring, Cape Town, South Africa, 18-27 March 2010 (M. Zennaro, co-organizer and lecturer)

Wireless Training Workshop, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago, 7-11 June 2010 (the WTK developed at ARPL was used in the training; E. Pietrosemoli, C. Fonda and M. Zennaro, organizers and lecturers)

Wireless Training Workshop, Jakarta, Indonesia, 26-30 July 2010 (the WTK developed at ARPL was used in the training; E. Pietrosemoli, C. Fonda and M. Zennaro, organizers and lecturers)

The Wireless Broadband Training Workshop, Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 11-15 October 2010 (the WTK developed at ARPL was used in the training; E. Pietrosemoli and M. Zennaro lecturers)

CTP-AUST-NUC Workshop on Low Cost Wireless Networking, held in AUST Abuja, 18-22 October 2010 (the WTK developed at ARPL was used in the training; C. Fonda and C. Onime, organizers and lecturers)


Jornadas Internacionales de Investigacion en TIC para el Desarrollo Humano, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, 13-14 May 2010 (E. Pietrosemoli, invited paper on the WTK developed at ARPL)

3rd Euro-Africa Cooperation Forum on ICT Research, Helsinki.

Funding

Aeronomy activities, ICTP Regular Funds, 10000 euro

Aeronomy activities, other institutions, 53000 euro

Radiocommunication activities, other institutions, 61000 euro

Radiocommunication, ICTP Regular Funds, 52000 euro

Italian funds-in-trust with UNESCO, 189000 euro

staff and Long-Term Visitors of ARPL (3 months or more)

Staff Associates

Sandro M. Radicella, Italy/Argentina (Head of the ARPL)

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Consultants

Bruno Nava, Italy

Carlo Fonda, Italy

Marco Zennaro, Italy

Ermanno Pietrosemoli, Italy/Venezuela

Visiting Scientists

Anton Kascheev (Ukraine, CEI fellowship)

Oyedola Oyeyemi (Nigeria)

Bolaji Segun (Nigeria, STEP program)

Melessew Nigussie (Ethiopia, STEP program)

PHYsICs OF THe LIVING sTATe: BIOAsTRONOMY

Introduction

Bioastronomy, also known as the science of astrobiology, is concerned with the study of the origin, evolution, distribution and destiny of life in the universe. This field was established at the ICTP in 1991 by the combined efforts of Abdus Salam, Cyril Ponnamperuma and the present author. Research, seminars and conferences in bioastronomy have attracted a large number of scientists to the Centre.

Research

The distribution of life in the universe is the aspect of bioastronomy that can encourage successful interdisciplinary dialogue with other scientists from the Applied Physics, as well as other scientific sections of the Abdus Salam ICTP. (The other three aspects of bioastronomy are enumerated above.) The cosmic distribution of life still lacks solid theoretical, or observational bases. The question of distribution can be probed in terms of a wide range of planetary exploration missions especially dedicated to study whether, or not, we are alone in the universe, as for instance the Europa-Jupiter System Mission now in its planning stages, (cf., Fig. 1):

Fig. 1. The proposed baseline of the Europa Jupiter System Mission, EJSM (NASA, ESA, ROSCOSMOS, JAXA) consists of two primary flight elements operating in the Jovian system: the NASA-led Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO), and the ESA-led Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter (JGO). JEO and JGO will execute a choreographed exploration of the Jupiter System before settling into orbit around Europa and Ganymede, respectively.

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experimental

The main space agencies have undertaken a sustained effort to search for biosignatures. The discoveries of the successful Galileo Mission took place during its fourteen-year activity (1989-2003). Its Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer led to the discovery of a series of unexpected lines on the icy surface of the Jovian satellite Europa, due to patches of chemical element impurities. Can some of these new lines be due to the presence of life in the submerged ocean? Could they be interpreted as biosignatures? The relevance of theoretical work at ICTP is to suggest feasible experiments that are possible, not only with present technology, but also within the agency budgets. Originally we had suggested the insertion of a submersible underneath the ice crust (cf., Fig. 2):

Fig. 2. The earlier hydrobot-cryobot proposal for directly probing Europa’s ocean, Horvath et al, (1997), http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/searching_for_ice.html

Even though we were attracted to this technology in our earlier paper, we no longer consider it to be realistic, due to the limited budgets to which all the space agencies are constrained. Fortunately, the corresponding study of a surficial biosignature offers a viable alternative that has already been successfully published in specialized literature during the year 2010 (cf., Publications), and remains a possible option for future missions that are currently in their planning stages, and to which since the 1990s the Abdus Salam ICTP continues participating in the question of identifying the relevant instrumentation (cf., next section).

Theoretical, experimental and Technological

In the search for biosignatures on Europa on the sulphur patches discovered by the Galileo mission the most appropriate technology –the penetrator– is currently being further developed by the UK Penetrator Consortium for trials on our own Moon (LunaNet Project) and on the Jovian satellite Europa (cf., section on International Collaborations). These instruments consist of small projectiles that can be delivered at high velocity to reach just beneath the surface of planets, or their satellites for probing samples of surficial chemical elements. This type of instrumentation has a long history of feasible technological development by several space agencies. The research at the ICTP has focused on the type of instruments that the penetrators should be provided with from the point of view of the search for life signatures (cf., Publications, Gowen et al., 2010).

Fig. 3. The penetrator as it should appear approaching Europa (with Jupiter in the background). This technology is currently being further developed by the UK Penetrator Consortium for preliminary trials on our own Moon but for an eventual use on Europa. (cf., Participation in International Meetings). Image courtesy of Surrey Satellite Technology Limited, UK.

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• Team Member of a preliminary proposal for a mission to Europa and the Jupiter system, entitled Laplace. The original LAPLACE proposal was elaborated and supported by a team of 359 scientists from 15 countries. In February 2009 a funding decision was taken by NASA and ESA in favor of a Jupiter mission “the Europa-Jupiter System Mission” (EJSM) based on our original Laplace proposal. The Russian and Japanese space agencies are joining this initiative.

• Member of a proposal (DOI) for instrumentation suitable for exploring the stable-isotope geochemical biosignatures on the icy surface of Europa.

• Member of LunarNet, a proposal to the European Space Agency (ESA) in response to the 2010 call for medium sized missions opportunity in ESA’s Science Programme for a launch in 2022.


Chela-Flores, J. (2010a). Can a future mission detect a habitable ecosystem on Europa, or Ganymede? Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 12, EGU2010-0, 2010, EGU General Assembly 2010. The Austria Centre, Vienna, 7th May.

Chela-Flores, J. (2010b). Alla ricerca della vita in ambienti estremi: L’Antartide e i satelliti Galileani di Giove. Convegno Esplorare l’estremo, Giornate organizzate dalla sezione di Trieste del Museo Nazionale dell’Antartide, Università di Trieste, Sede del Convegno: Lega Navale Italiana, 21 May.

Chela-Flores, J. (2010c). Are there habitable ecosystems in Europa and Ganymede? 3rd Workshop of the Italian Astrobiology Society, When Darwin meets Copernicus. Duino Castle (Duino-Aurisina, Trieste, Italy), 26-28 May.

Chela-Flores, J. (2010d). El Tercer Capítulo del Libro de la Vida: La distribución de la vida en el Sistema Solar. Lecture delivered through a videoconference at the Meeting of the Directors of Schools in Colombia at the presentation of association of the Colombian Astrobiology Institute with the NASA Institute of Astrobiology, 3 December.

Chela-Flores, J. (2010e). El láser en la lectura del libro de la vida: Eventuales beneficios biomédicos. Videoconference at the First International School of Biomedical Applications of Lasers, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas (IVIC), Merida, 7 December.

Training Activities: supervision of Associate Members of ICTP

Senior Associate Member

Pandit Vidyasagar, Department of Physics, University of Pune, India

Fig. 4. Preliminary penetrator design (~11kg, length 37cm, nose to release stud, diameter 15cm). Courtesy of Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London.

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seminars of the Applied Physics scientific section

ARCHAEOMETRY OF PREHISTORIC AXES FROM ITALY, SLOVENIA AND CROATIA

Federico Bernardini, ICTP Multidisciplinary Laboratory (ICTP MLAB), 28 April 2010

TOWARDS GENE THERAPY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS

Mauro Giacca, Director, ICGEB Trieste Component, Head, Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Trieste, Italy, 29 June 2010

SAFE FAST REACTOR WORKING IN THE REGIME OF SLOW NUCLEAR BURNING WAVE

Oleksiy Fomin, Akhiezer Intitute for Theoretical Physics, National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, Ukraine, 22 September 2010

Other seminars (including Physics of the Living State: Medical Physics)

IMAGE ANALYSIS OF BORON-10 IN HUMAN LUNG TUMOR SAMPLES WITH TO IN-HOSPITAL NEUTRON IRRADIATION

Rachel Ibhade Obed Physics Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 18 May 2010

TELEMEDICINE IN INDIA

Arun Chougule, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, India, 5 October 2010

FUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS FOR HEALTH CARE APPLICATIONS

Sangeeta Kale,Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DIAT), India, 19 November 2010

Coordination, Seminars on Physics of the Living State (Bioastronomy)

EARLY DETERMINANTS OF THE GENETIC CODE

Harold P. de Vladar, IST Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria, 27 September 2010

HOW DO PLANT SEEDS AND BACTERIA RESPOND TO MICRO- AND HYPER-GRAVITY?

Pandit Vidyasagar, Department of Physics, University of Pune, India, 12 October 2010

PHYsICs OF THe LIVING sTATe: BIOPHYsICs

Introduction

Biophysics is at present the subject of genuine interest for an appreciable number of ICTP scientists that belong to the Associate Member Program. This wave of renewed interest is partly due to advanced physical techniques that have allowed the systematic study of all the main macromolecules of life, namely, proteins (Fig. 1), nucleic acids such as DNA (Fig. 2), and the macromolecules of the cell membrane, especially phospholipids that make up its corresponding bilipid layer (Fig. 3).

Training Activities: supervision of Associate Members of ICTP

Junior Associates

Abdol Khalegh Bordbar, Isfahan University, Islamic Republic of Iran

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Fig. 2 Fig. 3Fig. 1

Regular Associates

Moises Santillan, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Monterrey, Mexico

Jonathan O. Babalola, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

Senior Associates

Afolabi Akindahunsi, Federal University of Technology, Ondo State, Akure, Nigeria

Pius Mpiana Tshimankinda, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

service Activity within ICTP

Coordination, Seminars on Physics of the Living State (Biophysics)

A NOVEL METHOD FOR ANALYZING DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY DATA OF MULTI-DOMAIN PROTEINSAbdolkhalegh Bordbar, Laboratory of Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran, 2 September 2010

NANOSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE LIFE SCIENCES IN 2010Giacinto Scoles, FRS, SISSA-ISAS, Trieste and (SENIL) Sissa-Elettra Nano Innovation Laboratory, AREA Science Park – Basovizza, 16 September 2010

EFFECTS OF SOME PLANTS IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIAPius Mpiana Tshimankinda, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, 19 October 2010

SICKLE HEMOGLOBIN POLYMERIZATION AND HEMOGLOBIN-MEMBRANE INTERACTIONJose Ernesto Falcon Dieguez, Center of Biophysics and Medical Physics, Universidad de Oriente “Patricio Lumumba”, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, 4 November 2010

A SYSTEMS BIOLOGY PERSPECTIVE OF SIMPLE GENE REGULATORY NETWORKSMoises Santillan, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Monterrey, Mexico, 11 November 2010

IS LIPID TRAFFICKING BY TRANSFER OR MEMBRANE FUSION?A case study of cholesterol, Jonathan O. Babalola, Department of Chemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 16 November 2010

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Funding

A PROJECT FINANCED BY THE REGION OF FRIULI VENEZIA-GIULIA

“Con Darwin in un percorso ipertestuale dall’economia alle scienze naturali”.

Coordinator Giacomo Borruso. Collaborating scientists: Nevio Pugliese, Claudio Tuniz, Gianguido Salvi and Julian Chela-Flores. Collaborating Institutes: Museo Nazionale Antartide - Sezione Trieste, Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche, Ambientali e Marine dell’Universita di Trieste, and the Abdus Salam ICTP.


Julian Chela-Flores (República Bolivariana de Venezuela)

http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/index.html

PHYsICs OF THe LIVING sTATe: NeUROPHYsICs

Introduction

Neuroscientists focus on the brain (cf., Fig. 1), psychologists on the mind. In this area physicists have approached computational aspects of neuron interactions. The hope has been of building computational models of biologically plausible artificial neural networks that can mimic certain aspects of the brain. The recent advances in determining the structure of molecules has given molecular biology a central role in the progress of molecular neuroscience. This is exemplified by the structure of the neurotransmitter-gated ion-channel transmembrane region (cf., Fig. 2).

Neurophysics has been developed at ICTP through a series of colleges and symposia in collaboration with other institutes, in which many participants from the Third World and industrialized nations have been brought up to date in their areas of expertise. It was also possible to consider this subject in the broader context of neuronal structure and function, as well as addressing important issues of perception, learning, memory and their computational aspects by the assumption of simplified models (Fig. 3).

Training Activities

Supervision of Associate Members of ICTP

Junior Associate

Rafael Rogriguez Rojas, International Centre for Neurological Restoration, Havana, CUBA

Training Activity

Coordination, Seminars on Physics of the Living State (Neurophysics)

BRAIN AS A WEB: APPLYING GRAPH THEORY TO CONNECTIVITY

Rafael Rodriguez Rojas, International Centre for Neurological Restoration, Havana, Cuba

Monday, 25 October 2010

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Fig. 2 Fig. 3Fig. 1


Julian Chela-Flores (República Bolivariana de Venezuela)

http://www.ictp.it/~chelaf/index.html

MeDICAL PHYsICs

Training Activities

For a number of years, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has organized, in addition to the traditional College on Medical Physics every 2 years, a programme of Joint ICTP-IAEA Schools.

While the College is rather directed towards basic training, the Joint Schools are held at a more advanced, specialized level; each School covers a well-defined topic, and the participants are scientists, mainly from developing countries, who are already actively working in the field. Moreover, through an agreement between ICTP and the Trieste Hospital, practical sessions are organized in the Hospital structures.

The School and College that took place in 2010 are described in more detail here.

A) 12 - 16 April 2010: Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced School on Internal Dosimetry for Medical Physicists Specializing in Nuclear Medicine

The School was co-sponsored by the IAEA-AFRA Technical Cooperation programme (African Regional Cooperative Agreement for Research, Development and Training related to Nuclear Science and Technology) and by EFOMP (European Federation of Organisations for Medical Physics).

Both organizations supported a number of participants and lecturers.

It should also be underlined that for the Joint Schools in the area of Medical Physics the IAEA is always complementing the budget allotted by ICTP either sponsoring directly a number of scientists or contributing an additional amount of funds.

The aim of this School was to contribute to the development of qualified and competent medical physicists and medical physics educators, specializing in nuclear medicine, by

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−providing the theoretical and practical tools for internal dosimetry, and

− facilitating the creation of a network for the exchange of information on internal dosimetry among medical physicists in developing and developed Member States.

A total of 52 scientists took part in the School; in addition to the practical sessions at the Trieste Hospital, the participants visited the TAC-PET machine at the Udine Hospital.

B) 13 September - 1 October: College on Medical Physics. Digital Imaging Science and Technology to Enhance Healthcare in the Developing Countries

The objective of the College on Medical Physics is to contribute to the development of competent medical physicists who can make direct contributions to the improvement of health care in their countries through better medical imaging diagnosis and who can lead in the proper and safe applications of radiation and diagnostic imaging purposes. This is achieved by providing participants with education, training, and resources to enhance their effectiveness as program directors and educators who can then provide educational and training opportunities to medical professionals and students in all nations.

This year the programme of the College was devoted to Digital Imaging.

A total of 64 scientists took part in the College. In addition to the formal lectures, computer exercises were organized, and the participants were allowed to present their own research or the research that takes place in their countries in a poster session. The result of the College was assessed through the distribution of a questionnaire.

An important event was the awarding of the Taqi Binesh prize. To honour the memory of the late Iranian Medical Physicist Taqi Binesh, his family offered the amount of EURO 1000, to be divided in two prizes of EURO 500 each, to be given to the best poster presented at the Poster Session and to the best young scientists who took part in the TRIL programme in the area of Medical Physics. A third prize of EURO 500 was also contributed directly by the TRIL Programme. The 3 prizes were awarded during a ceremony during the College feedback session.

Visits of the Associate Members

In the year 2010 the following 11 Associate members in the field of Medical Physics have visited the ICTP

1) ABBAS AHMED Nada (Sudan) (Junior Associate)

2) BENTAYEB Farida (Morocco) (Senior Associate)

3) CHOUGULE Arun Annappa (India) (Regular Associate)

4) DIAZ BARRETO Marlenin (Cuba) (Regular Associate)

5) KOM Guillame Honore’ (Cameroon) (Regular Associate)

6) OBED Rachel Ibhade (Nigeria) (Regular Associate)

7) QUADIR Kamila Afroj (Bangledesh) (Regular Associate)

8) STELIC Milijana (Serbia) (Junior Associate)

9) RODRIGUES BARROSO Regina Brazil) (Regular Associate)

10) SULIMAN Inbrahim Idris (Sudan) (Regular Associate)

11) WANG Zeng Luo (China) (Senior Associate)

They were all put in contact either with the Trieste and Udine Hospitals, or with the Research Groups working in Medical Physics in the Trieste Area.

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In this context it has to be stressed again that every year a large number of scientists (of the order of 50, with a large proportion of women) submit their application for the Associate Membership, this means that the scheme is still considered as very useful in the area of Medical Physics.

Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL)

In the year 2010, the following five scientists have spent a period of training and research in Italian laboratories:

1) Babarinde, Najeem Abiola Adesola (Nigeria)

11/1/2010 to 17/12/2010, Università degli Studi di Parma

2) Molavi, Ali Asghar (Iran)

1/3/2010 to 31/5/2010, Fisica Sanitaria, Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste

3) Nani, Emmanuel Kwaku (Ghana)

25/1/2010 to 25/7/2010, Fisica Sanitaria, Ospedale San Bortolo, Vicenza

4) Obed, Rachel Ibhade Agwimah (Nigeria)

28/9/2009 to 27/3/2010 and 16/6/2010 to 5/10/2010

Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trieste

5) Uzunov, Nikolay (Bulgaria)

1/5/2010 to 30/7/2010, INFN - Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro (Padova)

sTeP Programme

In the framework of the STEP programme, two fellowships were awarded in the year 2010 in the field of Medical Physics:

1 ) Fellow: Mohamed Ali Moawad SOLIMAN, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority

Visit to: Atomic Institute of Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria

Period of stay: 10 January to 9 March 2010

Field: Neutron Techniques. Application to human health.

2) Fellow: Chandraraj VARATHARAJ

Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, India

Visit to: Udine Hospital, Italy

Period of stay: 15 April to 14 July 2010

The number of fellowships could be quite higher, but it is more and more difficult to find scientific institutions willing to host the candidates.

FLUID DYNAMICs

The ICTP Fluid Dynamics Laboratory is a world-class research facility whose activities range from quantum to classical fluid flows and whose centrepiece is an apparatus capable

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of producing the highest levels of controlled buoyancy-driven turbulence in the world. It operates at a temperature of near-absolute zero and provides high-resolution data in fundamental studies of turbulent fluid dynamics.

From its position atop a rotating platform, ICTP’s turbulent convection experiment provides data applicable to large-scale natural phenomena like atmospheric and solar convection in a range of control parameters not possible elsewhere. Recent experiments have taken particular advantage of the possibility to apply more realistic boundary conditions, particularly the more two-dimensional aspect ratios characteristic of natural extended systems. Novel techniques involving the propagation of high frequency thermal waves have made it possible to provide the first direct mapping of a thermally “superconducting” core at high turbulent intensities, which has been one of the key assumptions in phenomenological theories of turbulent convection. New insights have been gained in convection near critical points with and without Coriolis forces.

OPTICs AND LAseRs

In 2010, ICTP and SPIE, the international optics and photonics society, have continued their collaboration on a new research initiative on quantum cascade lasers (QCL), which have numerous applications in the remote sensing of environmental gases and pollutants, as well as in medical diagnostics.

The QCL research is being carried out in collaboration with the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN) and has had visits by two STEP students from sub-Saharan Africa in 2010.

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MULTIDIsCIPLINARY LABORATORY (MLab)

The ICTP MLab promotes interdisciplinary experimental activities based on advanced instruments and methods developed in basic physics research. The aim of this programme is to stimulate synergic cooperation with other research laboratories in the Trieste area as well as at national and international level.

MLab activities include scientific instrumentation development, novel detectors and electronic circuits design and prototyping, X-ray imaging and accelerator-based analytical techniques. The goal is also to involve visiting scientists and PhD students from developing countries in hands-on activities. The knowledge and experience gained through experimental training enhances their professional autonomy and at the same time strengthens their ability to conduct interdisciplinary research in cooperation with heterogeneous research teams.

Research Activities

The main activities at MLab are organized through four research lines:

1) ICTP-INFN Microprocessor Laboratory

2) Dense plasma focus laboratory

3) X-ray imaging and analysis

4) Accelerator-based analytical techniques

These are not secluded projects but part of an integrated programme aimed at generating synergies for the realization of different research and training activities.

Several ICTP associates members in the area of microelectronics and nuclear/accelerator physics are connected to MLab research activities:

1. Kostyantyn Lukin, Ukraine

2. Imbaby Ismail Mahmoud Gad Allah, Egypt

3. Felix Roberto Mario Palumbo, Argentina

4. Ariadna Mendoza Cuevas, Cuba

5. Abu Bakar Md. Ismail, Bangladesh

6. Md. Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz, Malaysia

7. Ajit Kumar Panda, India

8. Adel Mellit, Algeria

9. Robert Tchitnga, Camerun

10. Benfdila Arezki, Algeria

11. Ogundare Folorunso Ogunmola, Nigeria

ICTP-INFN Microprocessor Laboratory

a) COMPASS Experiment at CERN

COMPASS is a multi-purpose experiment taking place at CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. It is looking into the complex ways in which the elementary quarks and gluons work together to give particles from proton to a large variety of more complex particles. A major aim is to discover how spin arises in protons

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and neutrons, in particular how much is contributed by the gluons that bind the quarks together via the strong force. To do this the experiment fires muons at a polarized target. Another important aim is to investigate the hierarchy or spectrum of particles that quarks and gluons can form. The results will help in gaining a better understanding of the complex structure of protons and neutrons.

COMPASS has generated hundreds of Tera Bytes of data during 2010. An important fraction of these data were generated by the RICH-1 detector. The initial readout system of this instrument was developed at the ICTP-INFN Microprocessor Laboratory. The ICTP group, as part of the COMPASS Collaboration, participates to the annual shifts at CERN, attends various COMPASS collaboration meetings, and co-authors several publications describing the achievements of the experiment. About 240 physicists from 11 countries and 28 institutions work on the COMPASS experiment.

b) Reconfigurable Virtual Instrumentation (RVI) Project

A research initiative is being carried out, in collaboration with the microelectronic US company Actel Corp., in the area of novel architectures for the implementation of RVI systems using programmable logic devices. The goal is to provide low-cost reusable hardware/software platforms for the implementation of multiple electronic and scientific instrumentation systems. Twenty-three modular platforms have been produced and used in the ICTP Latin-American Basic Course on FPGA Design for Scientific Instrumentation, held in Mar del Plata, Argentina during March 2010. These platforms have also been used in research activities for algorithm prototyping and specific scientific instrumentation for medical applications and novel particle detectors in high energy physics.

A Nigerian ICTP visiting scientist, Olufemi Oluwole Adeluyi, has been supported by the special UNESCO Funds for Africa to carry out research on novel architectures for RVI based on FPGA. He has also contributed to the creation of a network of African professionals related to microelectronics design techniques and open source projects for international cooperation in areas of research, academic and industrial interest in Africa. The main achievements of his research have been presented at the FPGA World Conference held in Stockholm, Sweden in September 2010. Two papers were accepted to appear in the conference proceedings.

c) ICTP-INFN-INAF XDXL (X Drift eXtra Large) Project

Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) are low-noise devices, optimum detectors for low energy x-ray measurements, but the detectors commercially available have a small active area. The Trieste INFN group is internationally recognized for its work in large area multi-anode drift detectors like those built for the ALICE experiment at CERN LHC accelerator. The ALICE SDD has been designed for position measurements of the impact point of ionizing particles close to the interaction vertices of the LHC beams, and it needs to be tailored to meet the low noise requirements of spectroscopy.

At least four different applications are predictable for such a large area Detector: medical field, compton camera; actinides contamination monitoring spectroscopy; X-ray astronomy astrophysics; nuclear physics precision spectroscopy.

Among the goals of XDXL are:

• The realization of detectors for low energy spectroscopy and timing measurements in astrophysics space experiments

• The coupling of SDDs to LaBr3 Scintillators to extend the energy range for applications such as Compton gamma ray cameras, both for space experiments and medical imaging devices (e.g. SPECT detectors)

• Development of a satellite born x-ray detector for the prolonged study of few black holes

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to uncover the dynamics of their interactions with the surrounding media in collaboration with the group of Prof. Sandip Kumar Chakrabarti at the Indian Centre for Space Physics in Kolkata.

During 2010 the work in XDXL was focused to the multi-channel characterization of the ALICE SDD. A 32 channel ASIC chip is being tested in collaboration with the Pavia University, and a new prototype of SDD has been designed in 2010 to be produced by FBK-IRST in Trento. The objective is to develop a system that can automatically sample the output of all the 32 channels when the signal due to the interaction of a photon is detected in just one of the connected anodes. Several tests have been carried out to map the behavior of the SDD to see how the energy resolution changes as the impact point is moved away from the anodes.

Three Indians ICTP visiting scientists, Dipak Debnath, Debashis Bhowmick and Ritabrata Sarkar, have been involved in the project during 2010.

d) Other Initiatives

d1. Follow-up Activities in Buenos Aires, Argentina

Right after the Basic ICTP FPGA Latin-American Course held in Mar del Plata, Argentina, in March 2010, and in connection with this activity, Andres Cicuttin visited the following laboratories in Buenos Aires:

1) Centro Atómico Ezeiza. Instrumentation and Control Group

2) Centro Atómico Constituyentes (TANDARD)

3) Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI) (National Institute of Industrial Technology)

4) Departamento de Física, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Laboratorio de Plasma (Prof. Cesar Moreno), (Plasma Laboratory, Physics Department, University of Buenos Aires)

The purpose of these visits has been the exploration of opportunities for international collaboration in the field of programmable logic devices and its utilization on scientific instrumentation for experimental research, education, and high tech applications.

The visited groups have shown a special interest in reconfigurable virtual instrumentation (RVI) based on FPGA and have agreed on the idea of creating an open repository of free functional blocks (IP) in the public domain which could be mainly used by designers from developing countries. Along with the great opportunities derived from such initiative there are several important problems which could be addressed by a regional expert meeting. All visited groups agreed on the need of such expert meeting to contribute to the definition of standards, common design guidelines and methodology for RVI. The organizers of the course and many participants encouraged ICTP to support this kind of initiatives to promote advanced applications of FPGA technology for research and development.

d2. Collaboration with the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Mexico, on Solar Energy Applications

Following the initiative of Prof. Blanca Susana Soto Cruz and the invitation from the Director of the Institute of Science of the BUAP, Jorge Torres Jácome, Andres Cicuttin and Maria Liz Crespo visited the Research Center for Semiconductor Devices, BUAP, Puebla, México, from 23 June to 2 July 2010. This initiative is a post-training follow up activity with the aim of stimulating cooperative networks of scientists for experimental research involving the use of FPGA technology for scientific instrumentation which has been the subject of several ICTP-MLab regional Latin-American workshops during last years.

The Mexican government gave financial support for the creation of a thematic network for a solar laboratory for energy generation and its applications. The ultimate goal of this

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solar laboratory is the development of processes and technologies which could be later implemented at industrial scale. A prototype of a solar concentrator has been built in order to achieve controllable high temperatures for the study of applications in several fields such as production of biofuel, chemical synthesis, photovoltaic, thermionic and thermoelectric cells.

The development of these solar facilities for scientific research requires complex electronic systems such as a high precision solar tracker, data acquisition and nonlinear digital signal processing, and real time process monitoring and control. The MLab contributed with its expertise in programmable logic devices for scientific instrumentation, to help in the design, construction and optimization of an adaptable prototype solar concentrator for multiple applications.

It has been discussed the details of a complex embedded FPGA design including a high precision solar tracker system. Part of this design has been the subject of a postgraduate thesis on semiconductor devices successfully defended on June 2010. It has also been discussed and proposed specific debugging strategies and several indications for the refinement of the design and its concrete integration in the experimental solar concentrator based on reconfigurable virtual instrumentation principles. Several design aspects has been tested on two ICTP-RVI development platforms which were brought to Mexico for direct experimentation on hardware.

d3. Collaboration with the Mathematical Physics Lab at the Centre for Studies in Physics and Biology, Rockefeller University, New York

In November 2010 Andres Cicuttin was invited by the Rockefeller University, New York, to work with the head of the Mathematical Physics Laboratory, Prof. Marcelo Magnasco, on possible applications and extensions of a novel theory of optimal transport networks, to VLSI design, with particular emphasis into delivering the power supply with least amount of metal under constraints of fluctuating power load in the chip, as well as potential extensions to the much harder problem of delivery of clock signals. An important progress has been achieved towards the formalization of these problems with parameters relevant to actual VLSI technologies.

Dense Plasma Focus (DPF) Laboratory

The objective of the MLAB DPF Laboratory is to establish a research centre for reference on plasma focus science and applications at ICTP with a visible contribution to mainstream research, excellence education, and innovative applications. DPF applications include characterization of nano-technology materials; dynamical defectoscopy of moving or rotating objects, materials testing, explosives and other illicit materials detection, and production of isotopes for medical diagnosis and cancer therapy. The DPF device is a relatively inexpensive, non-radioactive, compact and efficient source of plasma and radiation. With experienced guidance, it can be inexpensively reproduced in experimental laboratories around the world for use as a non-radioactive source of x-rays and neutrons for both, technological applications and basic research.

This activity benefits from the expertise of Prof. Vladimir Gribkov, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, Russia, and of Dr. Ryszard Miklaszewski, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Warsaw, Poland.

The main aims of the laboratory in the year 2010 were to improve operation of the ICTP Dense Plasma Focus device (ICTP-DPF) and to start regular experiments with the facility.

In the framework of the first goal it was modernized the gas-vacuum system to eliminate leakages. Another job done was to design and manufacture additional chamber elements which can be attached to the main DPF discharge chamber (Fig. 1). With these elements (Fig.

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2) it is possible to make experimental research on radiation material sciences according to an agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency. The first such researches took place during the experimental part of the workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasma and Plasma Diagnostics mutually organized by ICTP and IAEA and held at ICTP in November 2010. This workshop had 60 participants from 25 countries. The main purpose of the workshop was to train physicists and other scientists to the physics, state-of-the-art design and diagnostics methodologies of Dense Magnetized Plasma devices and its applications. Some other topics related to this field such as plasma and particle accelerators, contemporary X-Ray sources, etc, have also been covered in this event.

During the first week of the workshop, the current status and performance of the modern diagnostic techniques based on X-rays and another types of radiation for characterization of plasma parameters has been discussed. This part included also a description of the

Fig. 1. The main DPF discharge chamber. Fig. 2. Additional elements of the chamber prepared for use in radiation material experiments.

development of new instrumentation and methodologies used currently for the diagnosis of dense magnetized plasma. Several review reports on results obtained recently on the main-stream nuclear fusion devices like NIF (LLNL, U.S.A.) and Z-machine (Sandia Labs., USA), as well as on dense magnetized plasma facilities of dissimilar sizes like MAGAPIE (Imperial College, U.K.), PF-1000 (Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Poland), Poseidon (Stuttgart Uni., Germany) and “Nanofocus” (Comision Chilena de Energia Nuclear) using contemporary diagnostics have been also presented as examples on how one may apply different sophisticated tools in a real full-scale experiment with fusion plasma.

The second week of the workshop was devoted to practical hands-on experimentation with the ICTP Dense Plasma Focus (ICTP-DPF) based on modern technology, which was recently put into operation at the ICTP Multidisciplinary Laboratory (MLab). During this week the device was used for experimental sessions devoted to diagnostics of its own operability, characterization of different types of radiation generated by it as well as for demonstration of some possible applications of these radiation pulses in a number of fields (in particular to dynamic quality control and radiation tests of specimens of materials, which are the candidate ones for use in the main-stream fusion facilities). In particular the results of irradiation of samples of the above types produced in the ICTP-DPF device by streams of hot plasma and fast ions during this experimental session were examined with optical microscopy by methods elaborated in the A.A. Baikov Institute of Metallurgy and Material Sciences (IMET), Russ. Ac. Sci., Moscow, RF.

For these experiments we used a sample of low-activated austenitic steel manufactured as a rectangular plate having thickness 1 mm and polished on both sides (see Fig. 3). This sample was placed in front of the anode of DPF in the cathode part of the discharge chamber. Thus it was irradiated mainly by hot nitrogen plasma streams having speed about (2-3)×107 cm/s and a beam of fast nitrogen ions having energy about 100 keV. Distance between the anode and the specimen was 5 cm. We produced 50 shots with the ICTP-DPF device. Power flux

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density of both the above-mentioned streams on the target’s surface was about 108 W/cm2.

In Fig. 3 (a) and (b) one may clearly see two zones differing one from another: zone 1 which is quite large occupying almost all area of the specimen, which was irradiated mainly by a plasma stream, and zone 2, where we have mutual action of a plasma stream and a beam of fast ions. Subsequent optical microscopy of a region near the border of these zones. Fig. 3 (c) and (d) shows the difference between damage characters in these regions.

Experimental investigations performed during later stages of the devices’ operation till 30 us for the ICTP-DPF device (where its half-a-period of the discharge is about 3 us), i.e. during the whole oscillating discharge of the banks by a magnetic probe technique. They have shown that after a “powerful stage” the current circuit between the anode and the specimen under irradiation was disconnected from the bank and continued to exist as a closed loop having toroidal structure approximately till the end of the discharge oscillations. Meantime in the space between anode tube and cathode rods we have several closed current loops connected with the bank. Thus time of a heat load applied to the sample is about the same as it is observed in one of the most dangerous phenomenon in tokamaks so-called Edge Localized Modes. It means that the ICTP-DPF can provide modeling of such events by the same plasma and beams with the same parameters as they are in tokamaks. The irradiated samples will be prepared for additional analysis with a number of methods such as optical analysis of structured images, X-ray phase and structure analysis, scanning electron microscopy, etc.

470 μm

(c)

190 μm

(d)

(a) (b)

action

Zone 1

plasma

Zone 2

Fig. 3. Photo of the sample irradiated in the ICTP-DPF chamber during the experimental week of the 1st ICTP-IAEA workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasma: (a) photo of the sample; (b) same photo with demonstration of regions irradiated by plasma only (Zone 1) and by plasma and a beam of fast ions (Zone 2); (c) optical microscopy of the region near the border of the first and second zones; (d) optical microscopy of the region 2 taken with higher magnification.

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X-Ray Imaging and Analysis

X-Ray Portable System for Non-Destructive Analysis of Archaeological and Artistic Materials

The MLab has received a 600,000 Euro grant from the local government of Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia for its three-year project “Development of an X-Ray Portable System for Non-Destructive Analysis of Archaeological and Artistic Materials”. In 2010 ICTP received Euro 200,000 corresponding to the first annual phase of the project and will receive other Euro 200,000 in 2011 for the second phase.

The project is being carried out jointly with Sincrotrone Trieste, Elettra. To successfully achieve the goals of this project, both research institutions, ICTP and Elettra, are complementarily exploiting their scientific and technological expertise through a synergic cooperation.

The main objective of the project is the development of advanced instrumentation for the study and conservation of archaeological and artistic heritage and for the non-invasive analysis of other science materials, such as fragile samples of paleoanthropology and paleopathology interest. With this project, a complete instrument arrangement comprehensive of two sub-systems, one based on micro-computed tomography (MCT) and the other one based on XRF and XRD, is being built.

With this device, both a chemical and morphological analysis will be possibly carried out in situ, such as in museums or archaeological sites, on different classes of objects belonging to the cultural heritage (metal works, pottery, glassware, frescoes, paintings, textiles, sculptures and ancient manuscripts) and paleo-biological heritage (bones, teeth, skulls). The device will be also convenient for training and dissemination, especially in the field of the cultural heritage protection, preservation and valorization, of X-ray physics and of XRF, XRD and MCT analytical techniques.

a) MCT design

The computed X-ray tomography is a non-destructive technique used to generate a large series of radiographic planar (2D) images of the object and, from them, by computer processing, a three-dimensional (3D) volumetric image. The procedure can be simplified in the following steps: radiograph acquisition; 2D image reconstruction around the axis of rotation; 3D visualization, rendering and analysis. Every step, optimized for the specific needs of the experiment and for the object characteristics, is performed with the final aim of a 3D reconstruction at a few-tens-of-micron resolution (up to 100 times higher than common diagnostic devices) of big objects (up to an approximate cylindrical volume of 200 mm diameter and 200 mm height, and with a maximum weight of 15 kg). Such a distinctive feature makes this MCT device especially useful for the analysis of large archeological samples, such as fossilized skulls, jaws or bones. The best geometric configuration of the main device components (X-ray source, sample stage, detector) can be easily obtained, in order to reveal the smallest details and respecting strict requirements in terms of stability, precision and accuracy of the measurement. In contrast with the diagnostic devices used in the hospitals, in this kind of instruments the sample is rotating while the X-ray source and the detector are fixed.

b) MCT assemblage

Following the requirements pointed out in the design stage, and taking into account the most recent technological developments, the three main components have been selected and acquired in the international market. The source is a sealed microfocus X-ray source able to perform non-destructive inspection with sharp, high resolution images of micrometric details. The X-ray energy is comparable with that produced by conventional tomographic sources and hence able to crisscross a wide range of materials and supply a complete dataset

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in a few hours. The selected detector is a large-area device with small pixel size and high efficiency in the radiation conversion. It is composed by a CMOS Flat Panel coupled to a fiber optic plate under the GOS scintillator. The mechanical system for the sample positioning and motion control can move objects as heavy as 15 kg in the plane normal to the source-detector axis with 10 microns accuracy and rotate with thousandth of degree angular step. Moreover, detector and movement system have been selected among several available choices because they perform with high precision and, at the same time, are robust enough to be transported.

The three main components have been mounted on a solid aluminum frame composed of carriages that can slide on Bosch guide rails and which can be easily disassembled.

This overall configuration has been designed in order to have a device cluster that can be transported and mounted in different locations to perform in situ analysis of delicate samples. For the ICTP laboratory a metallic cabinet has been designed and built, in order to

Fig. 4. X-ray source, sample stage (with bone sample) and detector (from left to right).

contain the basic components (i.e. X-ray source, detector and sample positioning system) and screen the source direct X-rays and the diffused radiation generated by the sample and the surrounding objects. The lead shielded cabinet has lateral doors for an easy handling of the inside components and it is mounted on a robust wheeled table. The mechanical components, the X-ray tube and the detector have been arranged with maximum care in the manual alignment, later refined by means of a laser level. Additional safety equipment is installed following the Italian specific Law.

For the computer reconstruction and processing, a commercial software has been

Fig. 5. The shielded cabinet at MLab (ICTP).

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selected which permits different options for pre-processing and post-processing, in order to homogenize the whole reconstruction process. Moreover, for the 3D rendering and visualization, different, well-tested and advanced software has been selected.

c) XRD and XRF

To develop the analytical system based on XRF and XRD, the most suitable components have been selected among the available high-technology commercial products.

Among detectors, the X Ray Detector System X-123SDD from Amptek has been chosen. It combines in a single package high energy resolution and high performance X-ray spectroscopy components: a silicon drift X-ray detector with preamplifier, a digital pulse processor and the power supply. The complete system can fit in one hand with no performance compromise.

Moreover, two very light and low power X-ray sources have been acquired. The Mini-X ray tube from Amptek is very light (280 gr), has an energy range between 10kV to 40kV, a maximum current of 200 microAmpere and a 2 mm Focal Spot Size. The second X-ray source (Moxtek 50 kV Magnum) is also small and lightweight (500 gr.) with an energy range between 10 kV to 50 kV, a current of 0.2 milliAmpere and a focal spot size of 400 microns. It will allow a close coupling of source to detector, leaving enough space to add, in the future, UV spectrometer, camera and optical microscopy.

To increase the capability of the XRF and XRD system, a powerful micro-focus X-ray source has also been acquired (Oxford Series XTF5011, 50 kV, 1 milliAmpere, focal spot size: 110 microns). This source will eventually be used to produce radiographic images of the analyzed samples.

d) Preliminary Tests

Fig. 6. Main XRF components: silicon drift X-ray detector with preamplifier (1-2-3- X-ray Spectometer) and X-ray source (Mini-X).

Some components have been already tested in collaboration with Sincrotrone Trieste. This procedure has allowed checking the real technical performances of each component, taking into account their final integration. Micro-tomographic analyses have been performed at Elettra Laboratory on important paleontological finds from northeastern Italy and Slovenia.

The Flat Panel detector has been used to study the Lonche human mandible, kept in the Trieste Natural History Museum, and the famous Divje Babe flute. It is a cave bear femur pierced by spaced holes that was found in the Palaeolithic deposit of Divje Babe cave in northwestern Slovenia.

The jaw was discovered in 1911, cemented on the wall of a small cave of northern Istria near Lonche village (nowadays Slovenia), not far from Trieste. It was found close to some teeth of the extinct cave bear. From that moment, it has been considered one of the most ancient remains of Homo Sapiens from the area, even if specific studies had never been conducted.

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This is why the Lonche jaw has been considered the perfect find to show the utility of the instrument in the study and conservation of cultural heritage.

Radiocarbon dating has proved that the Lonche man lived at the end of the first half of the fifth millennium BC during the Neolithic.

The MCT analysis has allowed studying the anthropometric features of the find and reconstructing the microstructure of the mandible with a high spatial resolution (20 micrometers).

The technical features of detector have been exploited to perform the MCT analysis of the

Fig. 7. 3D rendering of the famous bone flute from Divje Babe Cave in Slovenia (length about 11 cm)

possible flute, which is considered by some scholars as the world’s oldest known musical instrument. It is more than 40,000 years old and it would have been made by Neanderthal man. Today, it is one of the most important attractions of Slovenian National Museum in Ljubljana.

The use of a large area detector, as the Flat Panel acquired for the project, has allowed producing a complete volume image of the flute with a resolution of about 40 microns.

In the prehistoric field, the research related to Neanderthal man is particularly significant: recent studies have in fact shown that our DNA contains a small genetic percentage from this hominid.

Accelerator Mass spectroscopy

AMS allows novel applications of long-lived cosmogenic radionuclide such as 14C, 10Be, 26Al, 36Cl, used as chronometers in palaoclimate studies and cultural heritage or as tracers in biomolecular medicine. Research programmes in these areas are being considered with relevant groups. In particular, the following joint projects are being scoped: analysis of long lived tracers with IAEA Marine Environmental Laboratories and ENEA; use of the radiocarbon bomb pulse for dating human cells, with ICGEB and University of Naples.

ICTP has collaborative programmes with the AMS Facilities of Caserta. Access to this facility by scientists from developing countries is supported via the TRIL and STEP programmes.

In 2010, Joseph Tandoh, a physicist from the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), continued his work at the AMS facility in Caserta, as part of the collaborative programme between ICTP and the Centre for Isotopic Research on Cultural Heritage and the Environment at the University of Caserta. Centre has offered Tandoh a three-year fellowship to continue his studies at Italy’s most advanced AMS facilities.

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The collaboration between ICTP and the AMS Centre in Caserta included a collaborative project to study the Lonche Man from the Neolitic, also in collaboration with The University La Sapienza in Rome, Sincrotrone Trieste and the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. AMS adiocarbon analysis was performed both at Caserta and Sydney.

Training Activities

• ICTP Latin-American Basic Course on FPGA Design for Scientific Instrumentation (smr2177), Mar del Plata, Argentina, March 2010. Directors: A. Cicuttin (ICTP), N. Abdallah (Actel Corp.), H. Larrondo (UMDP, Argentina), L. Tabares (CEADEN, Cuba), ICTP Local Organizer: M.L. Crespo, LO: J. Finochietto, C. Gonzalez (UCAECE, Argentina).

• Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasma and Plasma Diagnostics, (smr2168), ICTP, November 2010. Directors: V. Gribkov, G. Mank, A. Markowicz, R. Miklaszewski, C. Tuniz. Local Organizer: M.L. Crespo.

• Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Vulnerability of Energy Systems to Climate Change and Extreme Events (smr2138), ICTP, April 2010, Director: F. Toth (IAEA). Local Organizer at ICTP: C. Tuniz

• Workshop on Entrepreneurship for Physicists and Engineers from Developing Countries (smr2140), ICTP, May 2010, Directors: S. Raghu, D. Chauhan, C. Tuniz, J. Niemela

• Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data for Advanced Reactor Technologies (smr2141), ICTP, May 2010, IAEA: R. Capote, A. Stanculescu. IPPE, Obninsk, Russia: V. G. Pronyaev. ICTP: C. Tuniz

• Joint ICTP-IAEA Course on Natural Circulation Phenomena and Passive Safety Systems in Advanced Water Cooled Reactors (smr2152), ICTP, May 2010, IAEA: Jong-Ho Choi. ICTP: C. Tuniz

• 2010 Workshop on the Development of Behaviour: Emergent Properties of Nervous Systems (smr2159, ICTP, August 2010, Directors: K. Vijayraghavan, M. Bate, V. Rodrigues, Local Organizer: C. Tuniz

• Joint ICTP-IAEA School of Nuclear Knowledge Management (smr2161), ICTP, August 2010, IAEA: A. Kosilov, M. Sbaffoni. ICTP: C. Tuniz

• First ICTP-IAEA School of Nuclear Energy Management (smr2173), ICTP, November 2010, IAEA: H. Holger Rogner, Y. Yanev, A. Kossilov. ICTP: C. Tuniz

• Preparation of the Joint ICTP-TWAS First ICTP Regional Microelectronics Course on VHDL for Hardware Synthesis and FPGA Design in South and Southeast Asia (smr2275), Directors: Mamun Bin Ibne Reaz (Malaysia), Miftahur Rahman (Bangladesh), Andres Cicuttin (ICTP), Maria Liz Crespo (ICTP), Nizar Abdallah (Actel Corp.) to be held in Dhaka, Bangladesh in February 2011.

On-going PhD Theses

Six PhD students supported by the STEP programme are working in the area of Medical Physics, Radiotherapy, Nuclear and Plasma Physics, and related subjects at the MLAB in cooperation with University Trieste, IAEA, INFN and ARPA:

1. Maridelin Ramos Aruca (Cuba)

2. Mohammed Khalil Saeed Salih (Sudan)

3. Elena Robu (Romania)

4. Omer Abdul Aziz Ali (Sudan)

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5. Busari Mutiu Abolanle (Nigeria)

6. Faycal Kharfi (Algeria)


Research Agreement with IAEA

A five-year research agreement has been signed between ICTP and IAEA for the creation of testbed at ICTP MLab based on repetitive Dense Plasma Focus device for applications in radiation material sciences as well as in nuclear medicine and for training of young researchers. This device will be used for training young scientists from developing countries on modern diagnostics for fusion plasma experiments.

ICTP/IAEA programmes

The IAEA and ICTP are supporting the Ghana Atomic Energy Commission for the acquisition of a tandetron accelerator for AMS and IBA research. This facility will promote teaching and learning of nuclear physics and materials engineering research in Ghana. The main focus will be in national priority areas such as human resources food and agriculture, health, environmental studies and preservation of Ghanaian art works. ICTP is providing scientific advice to develop a national programme in collaboration with other tertiary and research institutions.

ICTP and the IAEA supported the first workshop of Accelerator for Sustainable Development in Africa (ASDA) which took place at Centre for Energy Research & Development (CERD), Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria from 16th to 20th of August, 2010.

services

Hardware Loan Program Project

ICTP MLab development and educational hardware platforms based on FPGA were given on loan to external collaborators through a simple written agreement for research and education purposes. Among the beneficiaries of this program there are teacher, researchers, and students from Colombia, Cuba, Argentina, Mexico, Ukraine, Malaysia, India, USA, and Peru. While borrowers can use this material on a long-term basis, the MLab supervises its utilization to ensure proper use and profitability, retaining its right to reallocate these resources to another person or group. This experimental “Hardware Loan Program” has been initiated in cooperation with ACTEL Corp., a semiconductor high-tech company which has sponsored several ICTP advanced training activities on microelectronics. The beneficiaries of this program are expected to form a small collaborative international community for the production of software and other FPGA related intellectual property which will enhance the availability of public domain technical resources especially for research and education in developing countries.

During 2010 several works based on the ICTP-RVI platforms have been presented in conferences by some external RVI collaborators, in Argentina, Sweden, India, Peru and Colombia. These experimental platforms are also being used at several universities for final works, thesis, and other high education purposes, such us:

(a) Master and Degree Theses:

• Design of communication controller for reconfigurable virtual instrumentation, Vikram Manickam, M.Sc. Electronic communication and computer engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Malaysia. Objective: To develop number of Virtual

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instruments using a single RVI board and make it to communicate with the host through parallel port, serial port, Bluetooth and USB.

• FPGA Based reconfigurable virtual instrumentation, Srevishnu K.P., M.Sc. Electronic communication and computer engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Malaysia. Objective: To develop instruments that can measure the temperature of both RVI board and the external devices.

• Implementación de funciones básicas de osciloscopios en FPGA, Facundo Aguilera, Electrical Engineering degree, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.

• Módulo de cálculo de la DFT, para implementación de un analizador de espectros en FPGA, utilizando la herramienta Synplify DSP, Victor Yelpo, Electrical Engineering degree, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.

• Procesado y filtrado de señales acústicas en FPGA, Mariano Daniel Gonzalez, Electrical Engineering degree, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina.

(b) Conference presentations

• Facundo Aguilera, Carlos Sosa Páez and Diego Costa. Implementación de un osciloscopio en una plataforma de instrumentación virtual reconfigurable. Congreso de Microelectrónica Aplicada 2010, uEA2010, UNLM San Justo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. “Libro de Memorias: Congreso de Microelectrónica Aplicada 2010”, ISBN 978-987-9374-65-8, 274p.

• Victor Yelpo, Diego Costa and Carlos Sosa Páez. Módulo de cálculo de la Transformada Rápida de Fourier para analizador de espectros en tiempo real en FPGA. Congreso de Microelectrónica Aplicada 2010, uEA2010, UNLM San Justo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. “Libro de Memorias: Congreso de Microelectrónica Aplicada 2010”, ISBN 978-987-9374-65-8, 274p.

• Mariano Gonzalez, Diego E. Costa and Carlos Sosa Páez. Procesamiento de señales para efectos de audio con lógica Programable. Congreso de Microelectrónica Aplicada 2010, uEA2010, UNLM San Justo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. “Libro de Memorias: Congreso de Microelectrónica Aplicada 2010”, ISBN 978-987-9374-65-8, 274p.

• Miguel Risco Castillo, Juan Vega Martinez and Renzo Bermudez Chong. Desarrollo de un Trazador de Curvas como un caso de Aplicación de Instrumentos basados en Instrumentación Virtual Reconfigurable. Congreso de Microelectrónica Aplicada 2010, uEA2010, UNLM San Justo, Buenos Aires, Argentina. “Libro de Memorias: Congreso de Microelectrónica Aplicada 2010”, ISBN 978-987-9374-65-8, 274p.

• Facundo Aguilera, Diego E. Costa and Carlos Sosa Páez. Implementación de un osciloscopio en una plataforma de instrumentación virtual reconfigurable. AADECA 2010, XXII Congreso Argentino de Control Automático, 2010, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

• Development of instrument based on reconfigurable virtual instrumentation. Miguel Risco Castillo. Encuentro Científico Internacional de invierno ECIPeru Vol6, Num2, p.22, Universidad Tecnológica del Peru (UTP), Lima, Peru.

• Desarrollo de Instrumentos Virtuales en FPGA usando Código Libre, Miguel Risco Castillo. Simposio Argentino de Sistemas Embebidos (SASE 2011), Buenos Aires, Argentina.


Professional Staff

Claudio Tuniz, Italy

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Consultants

Maria Liz Crespo, Argentina / Italy

Staff Associates

Vladimir Gribkov, Russian Federation

Visiting Scientists

Dipak Debnath, India

Debashis Bhowmick, India

Ritabrata Sarkar, India

Olufemi Oluwole Adeluyi, Nigeria

Federico Bernardini, Italy

Daria Zandomeneghi, Italy

Ariadna Mendoza Cuevas, Cuba

Technical Staff

Andres Cicuttin, Italy

Funding

a) The MLab has received a 600,000 Euro grant from the local government of Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia for its three-year project “Development of an X-Ray Portable System for Non-Destructive Analysis of Archaeological and Artistic Materials”. In 2010 ICTP has received 200,000 Euro corresponding to the first annual phase of the project and will receive other 200,000 Euro in 2011 for the second annual phase.

b) Projects under Italian Funds-In-Trust with UNESCO

Project 1: Practical Training and Research in Basic and Applied Sciences including Education, Energy, Environment and Health Education for Africa Subproject: Multidisciplinary Laboratory (MLab) Assigned budget for the period 2009-2011: 44,250 Euro

Project 2: Research Infrastructure for AfricaSubproject: Accelerators for sustainable development Assigned budget for the period 2009-2011: 17,700 Euro

c) During 2010, the MLAB applied for a grant of 400,000 Euro for a four-year Interregional Project: Capacity building in plasma physics, plasma diagnostics and related applications, in the frame of the IAEA Technical Cooperation (TC) Programme.

d) During 2010, the MLAB applied for a grant of 30,000 US$ for the project X-ray Microtomography of Homo Floresiensis in the frame of Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthopological Research: International Collaborative Research Garnt (ICRG).

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TRAINING AND eDUCATION

PROGRAMMes

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DIPLOMA PROGRAMMe

The ICTP Diploma Programme is a gateway for young people who might otherwise not have a chance to reach international-level standards in physics and mathematics. Its goal is to take good students from the least-developed countries and train them so they can compete favourably for graduate studies in any centre of learning in the world. It consists of a rigorous, one-year, pre-doctoral course of study, with a small part devoted to independent projects. Areas of instruction include high-energy physics, condensed matter physics, mathematics, and Earth system physics. After completing the Diploma Programme, most students go on to PhD work in Europe or North America. Others return to jobs as college teachers, or register for PhD programmes in their home countries.

During the 2009-10 study term, 38 students from 22 countries participated in the Diploma Programme. The PhD placements for those who received diplomas included:

Canada: Laval University; University of Waterloo, Toronto

France: CEA Centre de Saclay

Germany: University of Cologne; University of Kaiserslautern

Ireland: University College Cork

Italy: International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)

Portugal: Centre for Geophysics of Évora

Saudi Arabia: King Abdullah University

South Africa: University of Cape Town

Switzerland: University of Basel

USA: Auburn University; George Mason University; Ohio University; University of California (San Diego); University of Hawaii (Manoa); University of Houston; University of Memphis; University of Missouri

A new Diploma programme in Basic Physics started in September 2007, designed for young physicists and mathematicians coming from sub-Saharan Africa who want to pursue further studies at the graduate level. During the academic year 2009-10, nine students joined this programme, and came from seven countries: Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Nigeria, P.R. of Congo, Senegal and Sudan. Of the nine who received their basic physics diploma, six were admitted to the regular diploma programmes (two in CMSP and three in ESP). One was admitted to the Laurea Magistralis programme at the University of Trieste and two are waiting for admission.

The 2009-2010 ICTP Diploma Programme in Brief

1 September 2009 through 31 August 2010

First term: September-December 2009 Second term: January-May 2010

Course of Study: Condensed Matter Physics — Co-ordinator: S. Scandolo (ICTP)

First term:

Mathematical Techniques (16.5) F. Franchini (ICTP)

Advanced Quantum Mechanics (45) G. Santoro (SISSA) & R. Gebauer (ICTP)

Numerical Methods (37.5) Dall’Asta, E. Coppola, P. Gosh, S. Bhattacharya

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(ICTP)

Statistical Mechanics (36) M. Müller (ICTP)

Symmetries, Electron Bands & Phonons (36) S. Scandolo (ICTP)

Second term:

Many-Body Physics (27) A. Nersesyan (ICTP)

Advanced Statistical Mechanics (18) A. Silva (ICTP)

Stochastic Processes (18) A. Gambassi (SISSA)

Superconductivity (18) O. Yevtushenko (Munich)

Electronic Structure (21) S. De Gironcoli (SISSA)

Selected Topics in CMP (24) A. Chatterjee, F. Franchini (ICTP)

Course of Study: High Energy Physics — Co-ordinator: K. S. Narain (ICTP)

First term:

Introduction to Particle Physics (34.5) A. Smirnov (ICTP)

Lie Groups & Lie Algebras (28.5) B. Acharya (ICTP)

Quantum Electrodynamics: Introduction to Quantum Field Theory (36) S. Randjbar-Daemi (ICTP)

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics (30) E. Gava (ICTP/SISSA)

Second term:

General Relativity (39) P. Creminelli (ICTP)

Quantum Field Theory (40.5) K.S. Narain (ICTP), M. Serone (SISSA)

The Standard Model (27) G. Senjanovic (ICTP)

SUSY Field Theory (22.5) E. Gava (ICTP/SISSA)

Course of Study: Mathematics — Co-ordinator: L. Göttsche (ICTP)

First term:

Differential Geometry (30) J. Li (ICTP)

Point-set Topology (30) B. Zimmermann (Trieste University)

Real Analysis (30) G. Dal Maso (SISSA)

Complex Analysis (30) M. Prizzi (Trieste University)

Second term:

Abstract Algebra (36) R. Ramakrishnan (ICTP)

Partial Differential Equations (45) M. Morini, M.G. Mora (SISSA)

Ordinary Differential Equations (30) F. Aicardi (SISSA), S. Luzzatto (ICTP)

Probability Theory (15) S. Luzzatto (ICTP)

Algebraic Topology (15) D. Repovs (Ljubljana)

Algebraic Geometry (30) L. Göttsche (ICTP)

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Course of Study: Earth System Physics — Co-ordinator: A. Aoudia (ICTP)

First term:

Introduction to the Physics of the Earth System (36) G. Panza (Un. Trieste/ICTP), C. Piani (ICTP)

Mathematical Methods in Geophysics (18) F. Kucharski (ICTP)

Wave Physics (36) F. Romanelli (Trieste University)

Environmental Data Analysis I (18) A. Peresan (Trieste University)

Numerical Methods (36) E. Coppola, L. Dall’Asta, P. Gosh, S. Bhattacharya, G. Terefe Diro, A. Tompins, F. Kucharski (ICTP)

Second term:

Physics of the Atmosphere (18) A. Tompkins (ICTP)

Physics of the Oceans (24) M. Gacic, P. Poulain, A. Crise (O.G.S.)

Mechanics of the Earth and Tectonophysics (18) A. Aoudia (ICTP),

Seismology (18) F. Romanelli (Trieste University)

Dynamics of the Atmosphere (18) F. Kucharski, C. Piani (ICTP)

Environmental Data Analysis II (18) A. Peresan (Trieste University), Jin Ho Yoo (ICTP)

Specific Topics (40.5) V. Kossobokov, A. Soloviev (MITPAN Moscow), F. Vaccari (Trieste University), F. Stel & D. Giaiotti (ARPA FVG), D. Pernigotti (Aequilibria)

Course of Study: Basic Physics — Co-ordinator: S. Randjbar-Daemi (ICTP)

First term:

Mathematical Methods (70.5) K. S. Narain (ICTP)

Classical Mechanics (30) M. Fabbrichesi (SISSA)

Quantum Mechanics (52.5) G. Thompson (ICTP)

Advanced Electromagnetism (31.5) Xunqiang Bi (ICTP)

Second term:

Statistical Mechanics (45) M. Marsili, A. Scardicchio (ICTP)

Advanced Quantum Mechanics (45) M. Santoro (SISSA)

Solid State Physics (28.5) S. Scandolo (ICTP)

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics (28.5) M. Serone & M. Torabian (ICTP)

Physics of the Earth System (22.5) F. Kucharski, A. Tompkins, A. Aoudia (ICTP)

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ICTP-IAeA sANDWICH TRAINING eDUCATIONAL PROGRAMMe (sTeP)

The ICTP-IAEA Sandwich Training Educational Programme (STEP) aims at offering fellowship opportunities to PhD candidates from developing countries. The scientific fields covered by the programme are those falling in the scientific and technical competence of the ICTP and its collaborating institutions. In 2010 the programme was funded by the ICTP, the IAEA Department of Technical Cooperation, CEI (Central European Initiative), the Italian Funds in Trust with UNESCO, OAT (the Astronomical Observatory of Trieste), and TWAS (the Academy of Sciences for the Developing World).

The programme is addressed to PhD students in developing countries who are offered fellowships of 3-6 month stay each year, for 3 successive years at the ICTP or at collaborating Institutions (Elettra Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Laser Laboratory, ICGEB, ICS-UNIDO, Universities of Trieste, Udine, Bologna, Padova, ARPA, IAEA Laboratories in Seibersdorf, Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School in Ljubljana, Hospitals of Udine and Trieste, INFN, TASC, and others). Fellows can thus work on their PhD thesis on a sandwich basis with their supervisor at their home Institute and a co-supervisor at the hosting Institute. Their PhD is awarded at their home Institute.

2010 Fellows Financially supported by the IAeA:

Adeniyi Stephen ADEFEGHA (M), Nigeria

Periods of visit: 15 September – 13 December 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Production, Evaluation and Characterization of Polyphenol Enriched Biscuits as Nutritional Intervention on Diabetes and Hypertension

Vasili Viktorovich ANDREYEU (M), Belarus

Period of visit: 18 May – 15 August 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Effects of New Heavy Gauge Bosons and Anomalous Gauge Couplings at High Energy Hadron and Lepton Colliders

Ali Mohamed ATTA (M), Egypt

Period of visit: 20 September 2010 – 19 January 2011

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Studies on the Induced Changes of Some Material Surfaces due to Charged Particles Bombardment

Mutiu Abolanle BUSARI (M), Nigeria

Period of visit: 1 November 2009 - 31 January 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Transport of Pollutants Through the Vadose Zone of Fertilized Fields as Measured Using Stable Isotopes

Nassreldeen Abdelrazig ELSHEIKH (M), Sudan

Period of visit: 30 March – 27 June 2010

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Topic or title of PhD thesis: Use of Neutron Back-Scattering Technique for Landmine Detection

Amanuel FESSAHATSION KIFLE (M), Ethiopia

Periods of visit: 15 March – 14 June 2010, and 21 October 2010 – 13 May 2011

Topic or title of PhD thesis: A Study of Reaction Mechanism in 12C +63Cu and 16O + 59Co Systems

Georgiev Alexander GAYDARDZHIEV (M), Bulgaria

Period of visit: 6 December 2009 - 5 March 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Generation and Amplification of Ultra-Broadband Coherent Optical Radiation in the UV and near IR Spectral Regions

Puleng Nontobeko MBUYISA (F), South Africa

Period of visit: 30 August – 29 December 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Synthesis and Characterization of CNT-ZnO Nanostructures

Olubunmi Oluyemi Akinbobola OBASEKI (F), Nigeria

Period of visit: 1 September - 26 November 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Soil

Myagmarjav ODSUREN (F), Mongolia

Period of visit: 1 September – 30 November 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: The Study of Fast Neutron Induced Charged Particle Emission Reaction Cross Sections

Ilie Simion SANDU (M), Moldova

Periods of visit: 20 May -19 July, and 11 October – 10 December 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Source Mechanisms of Vrancea Earthquakes

Ahmed Kamal SHALABY (M), Egypt

Period of visit: 1 April – 30 June 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Coupling of Regional Chemistry-Aerosol and Regional Climate Model: Application of Aerosol and its Effects on Mediterranean

Mohamed Ali Moawad SOLIMAN (M), Egypt

Period of visit: 10 January – 9 April 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Enhancements and Health-Related Studies on Neutron Activation Analysis Technique

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Bidini Alade TALEATU (M), Nigeria

Period of visit: 25 November 2009 - 24 March 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Preparation and Characterization of Doped Zinc Oxide Thin Film for Solar Cell Applications

2010 Fellows Financially supported by the Central european Initiative (CeI):

Marianna IAKHNENKO (F), Ukraine

Period of visit: 15 September - 13 December 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Spectroscopic Study of Cytidine and its Bioactive Aza-Derivatives

Dmytro Nikolayevich TATYANKO (M), Ukraine

Period of visit: 3 October2009 - 2 February 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Absolute Meters for Precise Measurement of Optical Power and Short Distances

2010 Fellows Financially supported by ICTP:

Lucero ALVAREZ MINO (F), Colombia

Period of visit: 9 May – 14 July 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Study of Tunnelling Magnetic Junctions Based on Nanostructured Oxides

Rodrigo NEUMANN BARROS FERREIRA (M), Brazil

Period of visit: 9 September – 7 December 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Multiscale Magnetism: from First-Principle to Finite-Temperature

Maridelin RAMOS ARUCA (F), Cuba


Topic or title of PhD thesis: Conjugation Boron Containing Agents to Biomolecules for Potential Use in BNCT

Chandraraj VARATHARAJ (M), India

Period of visit: 15 April – 14 July 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Implementation, Dose Evaluation and Quality Assurance Aspects of Three Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy (3DCRT) and Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT)

Nadeesha Manohari WICKRAMAGE (F), Sri Lanka

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Period of visit: 8 August -7 December 2010

Topic: Experimental Physics with CMS Detector

2010 Fellows Financially supported by the Italian Funds in Trust with UNesCO:

Mohammed Ahmed ABBAS (M), Egypt

Period of visit: 1 January – 15 June 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Lepton Mixing and Flavour Symmetry

Jean Pierre BELL (M), Cameroon

Period of visit: 1 June – 28 November 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: The Influence of Land-Surface Processes of Rainfalls Generated by a Regional Model in the Congo Basin - Case of RegCM

Segun Olawle BOLAJI (M), Nigeria

Period of visit: 1 September 2010 – 28 February 2011

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Inter-Relationship Between Equatorial Tec, Scintillation of GPS Signal and Geomagnetic Field Variations

Dick Heartmann DOUMA (M), Congo

Periods of visit: 6 September 2009 - 3 March 2010, and 27 September 2010 – 25 March 2011

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Electron Transfer in Sensitized Semiconductor Surfaces from the Time-Dependant Density Functional Theory: Applications to Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Mikesokpo Milohum DZAGLI (M), Togo

Periods of visit: 4 July – 11 September, and 19 October – 28 December 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Technique of Fabrication, Optical and Electrical Characterization of Semiconductor Lasers Based on GaSb for Mid Infrared

Oluwayomi Peach FAROMIKA (F), Nigeria

Period of visit: 28 July – 23 November 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Mathematical Modelling and Computational Simulation of the Bloch NMR Flow Equations for Blood Analysis

Franck Djidémè HOUENOU (M), Benin

Period of visit: 1 September 2010 – 28 February 2011

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Hofer Metric’s Behaviour Under Mean Curvature Flow

Evariste Heutchi NGATCHOU (M), Cameroon

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Periods of visit: 24 November 2009 - 30 June 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: GS Geodesy Along Cameroon Volcanic Line

Léontine NKAGUE NKAMBA (F), Cameroon

Period of visit: 7 August 2010 – 29 January 2011

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation for the Control of Meningitis

Phillip Wilfsen Otieno NYAWERE (M), Kenya

Period of visit: 31 July 2010 – 30 January 2011

Topic or title of PhD thesis: First Principle Molecular Dynamics Calculation of the Superionic Properties of BaF2 and La:BaF2

Larby RAHILI (M), Morocco

Periods of visit: 1 June – 30 September, and 20 October – 19 December 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Phenomenology of Extended Higgs Sector at LHC and ILC

Elisa Josiane RINDRAHARISAONA (F), Madagascar

Periods of visit: 11 July 2009- 12 January, and 15 June – 14 December 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Tectonic Evolution, Provenance Analysis of the Madagascar Rift System and Currently Kinematic for Somalia-Nubia Using a Data Collected in Madagascar

Olaniyi Kamil YUSUFF (M), Nigeria

Period of visit: 5 February – 2 November 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Simulation of Haemoglobin Foldings and Aim Oriented Processes: Human and Avian Haemoglobins as Case Studies

Tadesse Terefe ZELEKE (M), Ethiopia

Period of visit: 7 October 2009 – 12 June 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Customization and Adaptation of ICTP Regcm3 for Current and Future Climate Change Impact Studies Over Eastern Africa

2010 Fellows Financially supported by the Astronomical Observatory of Trieste (OAT):

Heng YU (M), China

Periods of visit: 1 March – 30 June 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Cosmological Parameters Investigated Via Observations in the X-Ray Band of High Redshift Clusters of Galaxies: Comparison with Numerical Simulations, Predictions for Future X-Ray Missions and Implications for Dark Energy

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2010 Fellows Financially supported by the Academy of sciences for the Developing World (TWAs):

Galbadrakh DAGVADORJ (M). Mongolia

Period of visit: 2 July - 30 September 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Multicomponent Ultracold Atoms in Optical Lattice

Marcelline ESSOUN (F), Benin

Period of visit: 30 June – 29 October 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Stability and Analysis of the Evolution of Vorticity in a Free Shear Layer of a Supersonic Flow

Komlan Segbeya GADEDJISSO-TOSSOU (M). Togo

Period of visit: 30 June – 30 October 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: An InAs/AISb Quantum Cascade (QC) Laser Emitting in Mid Infrared for Analysis of Gases

Nigussie Gereme MELESSEW (M). Ethiopia

Period of visit: 1 September – 31 December 2010

Topic or title of PhD thesis: Three-Dimensional Ionospheric Specification Model in Ethiopian Region

Pavel V. REDKIN (M). Uzbekistan


Topic or title of PhD thesis: Theoretical Simulation of Soft X-Ray Generation by High-Order Harmonic Generation in Laser-Produced Plasma

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JOINT PROGRAMMes IN HIGHeR eDUCATION

ICTP-University of Trieste Laurea Magistralis in Fisica, and Laurea Magistralis in Astrofisica e Fisica spaziale

The Italian “Laurea Magistralis” degree corresponds to an advanced masters’ degree. The programme is open to anyone having the equivalent of a bachelor degree in physics. A limited number of fellowships are awarded to the best students from developing countries. Upon successful completion of the entire study plan, students are awarded a degree from the University of Trieste.

Eight students —from Iran, Nepal, Ghana, Senegal and Ethiopia— were enrolled in the programme in 2010.

PhD Programme in environmental Fluid Mechanics

This is a joint programme sponsored by ICTP, the University of Trieste, and three Italian scientific institutions in Trieste: Istituto di Scienze Marine del Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISMAR-CNR), Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e di Geofisica Sperimentale (OGS), and Osservatorio Meteorologico Regionale - Friuli Venezia Giulia (OSMER-FVG). Now in its fifth year, the programme is patterned after a typical American PhD programme.

In 2010, ICTP sponsored two students from India and Madagascar.

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AssOCIATesHIP sCHeMe

The Associateship Scheme is one of ICTP’s oldest programmes, established to provide support for distinguished scientists in developing countries in an effort to lessen the brain drain. The Scheme enables individual scientists to maintain long-term, formal contacts with the stimulating and active scientific environment of ICTP. The Associateship Scheme currently includes Junior, Regular, Senior, and Group Associates.

In 2010, 537 Associate Members were appointed (18% women). They generated 200 visits by 197 individuals.

Partnership visits

The implementation of this programme depends on the establishment of an agreement between ICTP and another scientific institute, located in an advanced country. Once a partner institute is established, Regular and Senior Associates may utilize their privilege to visit such institutes instead of ICTP. The agreement also foresees that partner institutes take care of part of the expenses involved, while ICTP grants the standard daily living allowance and/or travel support, where applicable. Currently there are 14 partner institutes:

AustraliaNational Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Adelaide

BelgiumDepartment of Physics, University of AntwerpDepartment of Soil Management and Soil Care, University of Ghent

FinlandHigh Energy Physics Division, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki

FranceInstitut Universitaire des Systemes Thermiques Industriels, Marseille

GermanyInstitut für Techno- und Wirtschaftsmathematik, KaiserslauternMicrostructure Laboratory and Technical Physics, University of Würzburg

ItalyDepartment of Mathematics, University of PaviaDepartment of Nuclear and Theoretical Physics, University of PaviaDepartment of Physics “A. Volta”, University of PaviaDepartment of Physics, University of PisaCNIT - Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni, PisaECT - European Centre for Theoretical Studies in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas, Trento

United States of AmericaInstitute for Fusion Studies, University of Austin, Texas

The following chart shows the 2010 distribution of Associate Members by field of research.

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The following chart shows the 2010 distribution of Associate Members by geographical area.

summary of the 2010 Associateship Programme

a. Number of Associates by Category

Junior 161

Regular 256

Senior 109

Group 11

Total 537

b. Visits and Costs:

In 2010, 200 Associateship visits were paid to ICTP by 197 scientists, as follows:

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Associates’ Visits and CostsCATEGORY VISITS TOTAL DAYS TOTAL

EXPENDITURE (EURO)

AVERAGE COST VISIT

AVERAGE COST PER

DIEM

AVERAGE COST TRAVEL

Junior 63 3,747 186,661.00 2,963.00 2,379.00 584.00Regular 89 4,484 265,507.00 2,983.00 2,299.00 685.00Senior 46 1,345 97,432.00 2,118.00 1,462.00 656.00Group 2 148 8,520.00 4,260.00 3,330.00 930.00

Average with respect to a hypothetical full utilization of these groups in 2010:

Associates’ Average UtilizationCATEGORY IN TERMS OF

DAYSIN TERMS OF

TRAVELIN TERMS OF

FUNDS

Junior 52% 58%Regular 39% 50%Senior 74%Group 30% 36%

General Concise Forecast for 2011 (at 14/1/2011)

a. Number of Associates

These figures are partial, as they do not take into account the 2011 awards since the selection of new Associate members is currently in process.

Junior 124

Regular 197

Senior 86

Group 8

Total 415

b. Expected Visits

Junior 83

Regular 140

Senior 47

Group 4

Total 274

The above figures show that 66% of Associates have requested a visit in 2011. The total number of 2011 visit requests is lower than the previous, year which was 313, i.e. 63% of Associates submitted a request in 2010.

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FeDeRATION ARRANGeMeNTs sCHeMe

Federation Arrangements are contracts of scientific collaboration between ICTP and a scientific institution in a developing country. The arrangement allows the collaborating institute to send junior representatives to ICTP, on a cost-sharing basis, for an average stay of one month (but up to six months, depending on the location of the country).

The Scheme represents an interesting complementary programme to that of the Associates, in the sense that it differs under three important respects:

• If appropriately used, more scientists can be exposed to the scientifically stimulating atmosphere of ICTP because it is not addressed to an individual but to an institute;

• It should represent the basis of a long-term and fruitful co-operation between an institute and ICTP;

• It should stimulate the local community to make efforts to invest energy and resources to keep the important link with ICTP alive. In fact, the Scheme always foresees a financial commitment of the Federated Institute and if such commitments are not respected the agreement is cancelled.

In 2010 ICTP had a total of 114 Federation Arrangements in 33 countries. The total number of visits under the programme was 89. The total number of days available for the three-year programme is 14,100 (i.e. an average total utilization per year of 4700 days). In 2010, 1676 days were utilized. Accordingly, in terms of days, the total utilization was 36%.

The total expenditure (daily living allowance and travel contribution when applicable) for 2010 was € 89,848. A full utilization of one third of the total available would have implied an expenditure of € 238,206. Accordingly, in terms of funds, the total utilization was 38%.

Change of Policy

To increase the efficiency of the programme and to allow the Federated Institutes to make medium-term plans, starting 1999 the duration of the agreements was increased from one to three years. With a view to simplifying the agreement procedures, starting in 2010, contract types have been decreased from five to two: one granting a travel contribution of €1,500 and the other €3,000 for the duration of the agreement. Whereas both contract types foresee a total number of 120 days for visits.

The following chart shows the number of Federated Institutes throughout the years.

General Concise Forecast for 2011

Total Number of Federated Institutes: 105

Visits from Federated Institutes already committed: 3

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TRAINING AND ReseARCH IN ITALIAN LABORATORIes (TRIL)

The Programme of Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL) offers scientists from developing countries an advanced experimental counterpart to ICTP’s theoretical research and lecture-based training programmes. The fields covered by TRIL reflect the lines of interest to the Centre: physics of condensed matter; physics and energy; physics and technology; earth and environmental sciences; physics of the living state and a few miscellaneous interdisciplinary subjects.

Up to the end of 2010, 410 Italian laboratories contributed to TRIL and 1250 scientists from developing countries were offered opportunities to participate in side-by-side high-level research, mostly experimental, enjoying access to Italian teams and advanced equipment while experiencing an international atmosphere (the total number of grants awarded add up to 1900 and the person-months to 18,181).

The most numerous host institutions are the Universities, because of their historical ability to deal with a wide spectrum of scientific problems. On the other hand, laboratories of public and private research institutions such as CNR (Italian National Research Council), ENEA (Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and the Environment), INFN (Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics), ISPRA (Institute for Environmental Protection and Research), ST (Sincrotrone Trieste), OGS (National Institute for Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics) and others often have special equipment better geared to a specific research purposes.

As a measure of the success of TRIL, one can cite the high standard and the large number of the published reports (3138 is the overall number of publications submitted, corresponding to a remarkable publication rate of more than two papers per year of stay in a laboratory). In addition, the significant contribution offered by our fellows to the research activities of the hosting Laboratories could often led to more extended collaborations. Fruitful programmes of collaboration were indeed established among institutions in Italy and institutions in Argentina, Cuba, India and Nigeria. This aspect of the programme, i.e. the ‘follow-up’ stage, represents in fact one of the main results of TRIL.

Through December 2010, the applications received by TRIL add up to 9334. The interest in the Programme is remarkably high also from the side of the Italian scientific institutions, universities and national agencies, as shown by the large offer of possibilities of high-level scientific collaborations and by the financial contributions to the costs of the grants. For 2010, the annual financial contribution to TRIL from external sources was in fact of the same order of the budget provided by the ICTP.

Activities in 2010

Funds available were used for fellowships (new fellowships and extensions). Altogether the number of TRIL fellows in 2010 was 102 (19 women) with a total of 495 person-months awarded in the following topics:

• Medical Physics;

• Earth and Environmental Sciences (some of the fellowships were covered in the framework of the agreements with OGS and with ENEA);

• Materials Science, Optical Physics and Condensed Matter Physics (some of the fellowships were supported through the Agreement with ST and funds provided by the laboratories)

• Renewable Energies (a fraction of the fellowships awarded in Renewable Energies was

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financed by ENEA).

The TRIL Programme was also involved in initiatives in higher education in collaboration with the University of Trieste:

• A joint project concerning the access of young students from Developing Countries to the “Laurea Magistralis in Fisica” (the corresponding study program is covered in two Academic Years. All courses and examinations are held in English). Eight students (from Iran, Nepal, Ghana, Senegal and Ethiopia) could take profit of this project in 2010.

• A joint project for the PhD in “Environmental Fluid Mechanics”. During 2010 two students (from India and Madagascar) could obtain partial support by TRIL.

A number of fellowships (14 altogether, 3 women) were supported by the project “Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL) for Africa”, financed by the Italian Funds-in-trust with UNESCO for high-level training and participation in research. The fellows selected were from Madagascar, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Sudan, Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Senegal. The topics of the training: renewable energy, Earth and environmental sciences and medical physics. Three of the fellowships financed by the project for Africa were awarded to selected students from Senegal, Ghana and Ethiopia for the joint Programme with the University of Trieste for the Laurea Magistralis in Physics.

In 2010 also the project “Study of Air Quality by means of DOAS (Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) in Accra/Them Industrial Area of Ghana” was coordinated by TRIL. The project, supported with the Italian Funds-in-trust with UNESCO, aims to establish the first ground-based station devoted to environmental and climatological observations by means of DOAS in Ghana. The project is being developed in collaboration with the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC, Bologna) of the Italian National Research Council (CNR) and with the Laser and Fibre Optics Centre of the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. During 2010 two fellows from Ghana visited ISAC to be trained in the use and maintenance of the DOAS experimental apparatus.

Two fellowships were awarded in 2010, in collaboration with the TWAS, to Iraqi scientists, in order to implement the agreement between the ICTP and the Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Researches (MOHESR). Purpose of this agreement is to help rebuilding an advanced scientific community in Iraq by allowing Iraqi Faculties and Postgraduate Students to visit Italian Laboratories.

During 2010 the Collaboration Agreement with “Sincrotrone Trieste” was renewed and refinanced. Eight TRIL fellows could thus be supported though this agreement during 2010.

Also the Collaboration Agreement with ENEA was refinanced and 9 TRIL fellows could be supported during 2010 through the agreement.

Globally out of 102 TRIL fellows 74 were supported, totally or to a large extent, by the host laboratories through ongoing collaboration agreements or through the special projects mentioned above.

In accordance with the main goals of the ICTP Strategic Plan 2010-2014 and in collaboration with 22 Italian Laboratories, a new announcement of fellowships was published by TRIL during 2010 on “Recent Developments in Science and Technology for Renewable Energy”.

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ICTP-eLeTTRA UseRs PROGRAMMe

The programme offers access to the synchrotron radiation facility Elettra in Trieste in the years 2007-2011 to scientists from developing countries that work in those countries. The programme offers a limited number of grants to cover travel and living expenses of individuals and small groups who participate in the beamtime at Elettra. The number of scientists who can receive support depends on the number of allocated shifts and available funds.

A minimum annual total of 1,500 hours is available within this programme for beamtime applications at any of the existing Elettra beamlines.

The proposed experiments are selected for beamtime assignment on the basis of their scientific merit.

A total of 1,536 hours were allocated in 2010.

Measurements were run on the following beamlines:

Advanced Photoelectric-effect Experiments (APE): is a facility for advanced experiments on solid surfaces and nanostructured matter.

Band Dispersion and Electron-Phonon coupling (BaD ElPh): the beamline is dedicated primarily to high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) in the low photon energy regime (4.6–40 eV).

Beamline for Advanced DiCHroism (BACH): performs light polarisation dependent experiments in the 35-1600 eV photon energy range.

Bending magnet for Emission Absorption and Reflectivity (BEAR): the BEAR apparatus, beamline and experimental station, is designed for the study of a wide class of samples with emphasis on joint structural and electronic (magnetic included) properties of reduced dimensionality systems including free surfaces, interfaces, multilayers and adsorbates.

Material Science Beamline (MASC): is dedicated to the study of solids and surfaces of industrial relevance.

Materials Characterisation by X-ray diffraction Beamline (MCX): allows performing a wide range of non-single crystal diffraction experiments.

Nan spectroscopy (NASP): the Nan spectroscopy beam line consists of two branches designed for two imaging photoelectron microscopes.

Source for Imaging and Spectroscopic Studies in the Infrared (SISSI): the beam line extracts the IR and visible components of synchrotron emission for applications of spectroscopy, microspectroscopy and imaging.

X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS): EXAFS spectroscopy provides microscopic structural information of a sample through the analysis of its X-ray absorption spectrum.

X-Ray Diffraction 1 (XRD1): designed primarily for macromolecular crystallography.

In 2010, ICTP supported 32 visits of participants coming from:

Cuba 2

India 15

Pakistan 1

Russia 3

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South Africa 2

Sri Lanka 2

Thailand 3

Ukraine 4

Special attention is devoted to the number of countries benefitting from the programme in order to achieve a balanced geographical distribution of the assignments.

Total expenditure: €43,810.

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sesAMe PROJeCT

The SESAME (Synchrotron Light for Experimental Science and Applications in the Middle East) project aims to build a synchrotron light source in Jordan, at Al Bal’qa University, and to operate it, as an international laboratory, for all interested scientists from the region. SESAME is developed under the aegis of UNESCO and is overseen by a Council, with representatives of the participating countries (Bahrain, Cyprus, Egypt, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Pakistan, Palestine Authority and Turkey). Sir Chris Llewellyn Smith, former Director General of CERN, is the chairman of the SESAME Council.

ICTP has a role in the training programmes of SESAME. In order to give Middle Eastern scientists an opportunity to contribute to the design and the use of the future facility in the most productive way, it is essential that they acquire familiarity with the existing facilities. ICTP offers its assistance in the programmes aiming at giving young scientists from the region an opportunity to spend six months or more in a facility in Europe. ELETTRA and other facilities in Europe have agreed to welcome trainees from the SESAME countries and ICTP is assisting them in securing funds from the programmes of the IAEA Division of Technical Cooperation or from the hosting facilities themselves. The IAEA-STEP also offers opportunities for training of PhD students from SESAME countries in the field of use of the synchrotron beamlines. In view of the culturally very rich region where SESAME is being set up, SESAME gives priority to fostering a users community in the cultural environment and will organise a meeting on cultural heritage.

During the meeting of the SESAME Council meeting in Cairo, 1-2 June 2010, attended by ICTP’s Assistant Director Claudio Tuniz, a collaborative programme for 2010-2012 was formally approved, with the aim of providing support to training activities involving young scientists from the region. ICTP, via its Office of External Activities, provided support for the SESAME JSPS-Sabanci School held in Antalya (Turkey) in March 2010.

ICTP collaborated with the UNESCO office in Amman and the IAEA to organise a parallel session during the Conference on the Use of Synchrotron Radiation for Non-Destructive Analysis of Cultural Heritage, Petra, December 2010, attended by Federico Bernardini, postdoc in ICTP’s Mlab.

ICTP is developing means to strengthen the Centre’s role in SESAME’s training programme using existing ICTP mechanisms such as the Diploma Programme, TRIL (Training for Research in Italian Laboratories) programme and ICTP/IAEA STEP (Sandwich Training Educational Programme).

There has been excellent progress in the project during 2010. After the installation of the 22 MeV microtron originally in the BESSY accelerator in Germany, the upgrade and installation of the 0.8 GeV booster synchrotron started. The new 2.5 GeV storage ring has been designed by SESAME staff.

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OFFICe OF eXTeRNAL ACTIVITIes (OeA)

The Office of External Activities (OEA) was established in 1986 with the objective of helping the research and training activities of physicists and mathematicians living and working in developing countries. OEA provides assistance to scientists in their home countries. Such support complements the training and research that is provided to scientists from developing countries at the Centre. OEA programmes can provide funds for student grants, fellowships for young researchers, visits of research collaborators, equipment, literature, etc.

OEA actions are aimed at providing a backup to individuals, groups or institutes in developing countries to accelerate their promotion to an international level (South-North collaboration) and to stimulate networking of scientists in the developing regions to reach a critical mass of researchers (South-South collaboration).

Assistance is carried out within the following schemes:

Affiliated Centre (ICAC) Programme

An Affiliated Centre is an institute or university department of physics or mathematics that carries out a specific long-term research project on a definite subject with well defined purposes. Affiliated Centres have a regional character and are strongly supported by the local authorities and the hosting institute.

In 2010 OEA continued to support 6 Affiliated Centres: four in Africa, one in Eastern Europe and one in Latin America. These centres focus on mathematical sciences and physical sciences. A remarkable success of the African centres is that at present they have continental coverage, while in the other three regions they are more restricted to their national area of influence.

OEA has encouraged with special emphasis the graduate schools, which in 2010 had an ongoing set of 19 PhD (or Troisième Cycle) students with partial or full support. Other graduate school programmes the OEA has sponsored in Africa and Latin America include Master or Diploma courses.

Projects

Given the lack of trained personnel in physics and mathematics at universities in some developing countries and the fact that many students from these countries who pursue their graduate studies in industrialized countries do not return to their countries of origin, OEA supports specific PhD courses.

OEA also supports several research projects that do not currently fit the category of Affiliated Centres. There are 12 active projects, of which 6 are in Africa, 4 in Asia, 1 in Latin America and 1 in South-Eastern Europe. The areas of research covered are: Earth Sciences, Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences and Space Sciences. The majority of these projects are in Africa and Asia with a presence in East Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean. Post-doctoral fellows and graduate school students, mainly PhD candidates with a strong representation from African nations, are implementing the research.

Network Programme

A Network is a system of research groups in an entire region, or among different regions, that pursue a common scientific project over an extended period.

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The OEA supports networks because they are an efficient approach to overcoming the problem of isolation and counteracting the brain drain. ICTP emphasizes South-South collaboration and the sharing of expertise and facilities. At present the Centre supports 10 networks in various fields of physics and mathematics. There are five networks in Africa (located in Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Senegal, South Africa and Tunisia), secondly, two networks are located in Asia (Pakistan, People’s Republic of China) and finally in Latin America and the Caribbean the host countries are Brazil and Cuba. But the area of influence is much wider since in Africa the networks have a continental coverage, while in Asia 8 countries are directly under the network influence (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, People’s Republic of China, Thailand, Turkey, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam). The Latin America and Caribbean networks cover seven countries, namely Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, Mexico and Peru. The related research is leading to 39 doctoral theses spread over the above-mentioned three regions, as well as by 19 other graduate school students.

Visiting scholars/Consultants

This programme promotes collaboration between scientists working in institutions in developing countries and leading scientists throughout the world. The Visiting Scholar/Consultant is required to make at least two research visits over three years, each lasting at least a month. The Visiting Scholar/Consultant carries out joint research with his counterpart and lectures students in his field of expertise. This is another effective way to counteract the isolation of scientists and to allow them to maintain contacts and collaboration with leading experts from other countries.

There are currently 24 active Visiting Scholars, of which 5 have been awarded in 2010 to visit institutes in the following countries: Brazil, Ghana, Indonesia and Senegal.

The programme of Visiting Scholars is being implemented in 2010 by a system of 24 grant distributions in the following areas: Earth, Life, Mathematical, Physical and Space Sciences. In Africa this programme has benefitted Benin, Egypt, Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Morocco, Namibia and Senegal, while in Asia the countries that have profited form these grants are Indonesia, Nepal, Uzbekistan. Finally in Latin America and the Caribbean the countries involved in the programme are: Argentina, Brazil, Cuba, Perú and República Bolivariana de Venezuela.

While the majority of the visiting scientists come from the North we are also encouraging South-South collaboration. While the scientists coming from Europe, North America and Oceania are from 11 nations (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden and United Kingdom and the United States) those coming from Africa, Asia and Latina America and the Caribbean are from six nations (Cameroon, South Africa, India, People’s Republic of China, Cuba and Brazil).

scientific Meetings

OEA encourages the organization of international and regional scientific meetings in developing countries by offering financial assistance to the organizers of conferences, workshops, and schools.

In 2010 OEA distributed 64 grants in four areas of knowledge: life sciences, mathematical sciences, physical sciences and space sciences. The grants assigned to the meetings in the African Region were 17: Benin (2), Cameroon (2), Egypt (2), Ghana (2), Kenya, Mali, Morocco (3), Nigeria, Senegal, Tunisia and Uganda. Meetings held in Asia received 18 grants: India (2), Islamic Republic of Iran (3), Jordan, Lebanon, Nepal, Oman, People’s Republic of China, Thailand, Turkey (3) and Vietnam (4). OEA assigned 5 grants for meetings that were held in Europe, one for each of the following countries: Bulgaria, Croatia, Italy, Serbia, and

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Switzerland. In Latin America and the Caribbean 23 events were supported: Argentina (5), Brazil (6), Chile (5), Colombia, Cuba, Guatemala, México (2), Perú and Uruguay. Finally, in North America a single event was sponsored in Puerto Rico.

Regional encouragement

OEA would like to emphasize two aspects of the regional encouragement of OEA: South-South and North-South cooperation. The Visiting Scholars for the emerging countries that it is supporting are, in a good proportion, scientists from the South itself—a fact that OEA is pleased to highlight. For the year 2010 there were South-South agreements that the OEA has fully sponsored. Firstly, in the African Region OEA sponsored the following South-South collaborations: Morocco-Brazil, Namibia-South Africa, Namibia-India, Senegal-Cameroon. Secondly in Latin America and the Caribbean three collaborations took place: one between Argentina-P.R. China and two between Brazil-Cuba.

On the other hand, OEA supported 17 North-South cooperation agreements. In the African Region there were the following 8: Benin-Canada, Benin-USA, Egypt-USA, Ghana-Netherlands, Ghana-Sweden, Ghana-UK, Madagascar-France and Malawi-USA. Secondly, in Asia OEA supported cooperation between Indonesia-Australia, Nepal-Denmark and Uzbekistan-Germany. Finally, in Latin America and the Caribbean 6 collaborations took place: Argentina-Spain, Brazil-France, Brazil-UK, Cuba-Belgium, Perú-Denmark, República Bolivariana de Venezuela-Belgium.

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AWARDs AND PRIZes

Dirac Medal

ICTP instituted the Dirac Medal in 1985. The Medal is awarded yearly on P.A.M. Dirac’s birthday—8 August—to individuals who have made significant contributions to physics. The Medallists also receive a prize of US$ 5,000. An international committee selects the winners from a list of nominated candidates. The ICTP Dirac Medal is not awarded to Nobel Laureates, Fields Medallists, or Wolf Foundation Prize winners.

The Dirac Medal 2010 was awarded to:

• Nicola Cabibbo (1935-2010, posthumously, University “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy)

• Ennackal Chandy George Sudarshan (University of Texas, Austin, Texas, USA)

in recognition of their fundamental contributions to the understanding of weak interactions and other aspects of theoretical physics.

Cabibbo’s important contributions to theoretical physics include the recognition of the significance of mixing in weak interactions, which has established the existence of a new class of physical constants, whose first example is the Cabibbo angle. This angle determines the mixing of strange quarks with non-strange quarks and has been measured experimentally. With the discovery of a third family of quarks and leptons, quark mixing led to the understanding of the phenomenon of CP violation.

Sudarshan’s important contributions to theoretical physics include the discovery (with Robert Marshak) of the V-A theory of weak interactions, which opened the way to the full description of the unified electroweak theory. He has also made innovative discoveries in the field of Quantum Optics, including the Optical Equivalence Theorem, which provides the foundation upon which the investigations of the manifestly quantum or non-classical character of the electromagnetic field are based.

The official awards ceremony was held on 8 November 2010.

ICTP Prize

Annual ICTP Prizes were created in 1982 by the ICTP Scientific Council in recognition of outstanding and original contributions within mathematics and physics by young scientists from developing countries.

The 2010 ICTP Prize in honour of Nicola Cabibbo, was awarded to Shiraz Minwalla, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.

Shiraz Minwalla is recognised for his many outstanding contributions in the field of String theory and Gauge/Gravity duality that have influenced a great deal of research in many areas. Some of his outstanding contributions are: his works on ultraviolet/infrared mixing in non-commutative field theories, non-commutative solitons, gauge/string theory duality in the Penrose limit, closed string tachyon condensation, Hagedorn like phase transition in weakly coupled Yang-Mills theories, relating plasma balls in large N gauge theories to black holes in the gravity duals and his most recent works on obtaining equations of Nonlinear fluid dynamics in 3+1 dimensions from Einstein’s equation for black-branes in 5-dimensional anti-de-Sitter space as well as a study of weak field black hole formation in asymptotically anti-de-Sitter spacetimes and its relation to the thermalization process in the dual conformal field theory.

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The official awards ceremony was held on 9 November 2010.

ICO/ICTP Gallieno Denardo Award

ICO, the International Commission for Optics, and ICTP have established a joint prize, called the ICO/ICTP Award, reserved for young researchers from developing countries who conduct their research in developing countries. The award is given to scientists less than 40 years old who are active in research in optics and have contributed to the promotion of research activities in optics in their own or another developing country.

The recipient receives a certificate, US$1,000, and the invitation to participate in and deliver a lecture at an ICTP activity relevant to optics.

Since 2008, the award is called “ICO/ICTP Gallieno Denardo Award” to honour the memory of Gallieno Denardo, who was in charge of optics activities at ICTP for more than twenty years.

The ICO/ICTP Gallieno Denardo Award for 2010 was awarded to Cleber Renato Mendonca, Universidade de Sao Paulo - Instituto de Fisica de Sao Carlos, Brazil, for “the development of novel methods and procedures of nonlinear optics, in particular the use of femtosecond pulses and femtosecond laser microfabrication in polymers for investigating nonlinear optical properties of organic compounds, and for establishing effective interdisciplinary collaborations within Brazil.”

The prize was awarded to the winner on 16 February 2010, during the Winter College on Optics and Energy.

Ramanujan Prize for Young Mathematicians from Developing Countries

In late 2004, ICTP created the Ramanujan Prize for young mathematicians from developing countries. The Prize is funded by the Niels Henrik Abel Memorial Fund.

The Prize carries a $15,000 cash award and travel and subsistence allowance to visit ICTP for a meeting where the Prize winner will be required to deliver a lecture. ICTP awards the prize through a selection committee of five eminent mathematicians appointed in conjunction with the International Mathematical Union (IMU).

The 2010 Ramanujan Prize was awarded to Yuguang Shi of the School of Mathematical Sciences, Peking University, in recognition of his outstanding contributions to the geometry of complete (noncompact) Riemannian manifolds, specifically the positivity of quasi-local mass and rigidity of asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds.

The official awards ceremony will be held at ICTP in 2011.

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sCIeNTIFIC sUPPORT

seRVICes

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MARIe CURIe LIBRARY

ICTP places fundamental support services at the disposal of its scientists. The Centre’s Marie Curie Library—containing 68,000 volumes, 341 print subscriptions to print journals, and electronic access to nearly 4,000 journals—offers visitors one of the largest collections of literature in physical and mathematical sciences in Europe. In 2010, the Library rearranged the area in front of its Information Desk to accommodate a permanent exhibition space, which was dedicated last year to the great Indian-born astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar on the 100th anniversary of his birth.

New Boost to eJDs

The trend in 2009 confirms that the e-Journals Delivery Service (eJDS) is alive and well. The service was revived in the last two years thanks to new agreements with leading publishers and a promotional campaign among potential users. Usage has almost doubled in the last year, and increased by over 5 times since 2007.

ICTP’s eJDS is a cost-free service for the distribution of scientific articles via e-mail to individual scientists in least developed or low-income countries. The service is run by the Marie Curie Library in collaboration with the SDU.

Marie Curie Library in Figures

Surface area 3,200 square meters

Shelf space 5,000 linear meters

Reading places 70

Public terminals 12

Printers 2

Photocopiers 2

Collections as at December 2010

Printcollections

Books 68,000

Additions in 2010 925

Journals, current subscriptions 341

Total print titles 1,280

Theses 1,500

Electronicandmultimediaresources

Current e-journal titles 4,000

Electronic books 1,700

Pictures 2,900

Films and videos 250

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Laser discs 600

Databases 5

Preprints 10,300

Clippings 1,000

Usage statistics in 2010

Circulation transactions 8,009

Registered users 1,318

Gate counter 89,139

Library services in 2010

Inter-libraryloansanddocumentdelivery

Items requested 106

Items issued to other libraries 390

eJournalsDeliveryService

Registered users 4,056

New registrations in 2010 455

Total downloads 6,056

Juniorassociatebookorders

Requestors 96

Books supplied 536

Donations

Recipient countries 24

Recipient institutions 53

Donated items 1,615

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sCIeNCe DIsseMINATION UNIT

Introduction

The Science Dissemination Unit (SDU) of ICTP was created in late 2004 with the broad aim of disseminating scientific contents to more people than are able to visit the Centre, and to the public in general throughout the world, via any electronic media type. Website: http://sdu.ictp.it and www.ictp.tv.

SDU also collaborates with special requests, and advice, for issues related to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for the Director’s Office at ICTP.

Research Activities

Integrated ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) is today necessary for the economic and social development of a country but also for its scientific and technological progress. SDU research activities are directed to develop innovative cost-effective ICT solutions for “Science for Development” and “Distance Learning” with special emphasis to support scientists working in developing countries. This research is done in collaboration with different groups at ICTP and beyond campus, and it has been reported in the international literature.

Training Activities

In 2010 the SDU organized a unique workshop on “Mobile Science: Sensing, Computing and Dissemination” (smr2149), 2-5 November 2010.

The workshop was organized with the assistance of the University of Washington (USA) and the UCLA Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (USA) and the support by UNESCO for the participation of scientists from developing countries.

Following the ICTP mandate, more than 90% of the selected participants were new to ICTP and the majority came from developing countries. More than 120 applications for the workshop were received from all continents. About 30 participants, plus some old and young ICTP Associates, followed and completed the workshop. A unique opportunity was given to selected participants coming from India, Ghana, Argentina, Tunisia, Uruguay, Jordan, Cuba, Lesotho, Venezuela, Nigeria, and Pakistan. All lecturers were also new to the ICTP.

The event aimed at engaging the scientific community in developing countries in the design and deployment of the newest mobile scientific applications. Mobile applications offer tremendous benefits to academic research and education, and to society as a whole, especially in less developed areas where mobile phones are the first telecommunications technology in history to have more users than in the developed world. This is an opportunity that deserves attention and promotion via workshops like the smr2149 on “Mobile Science” which was successfully completed. The aim of the workshop was not only to introduce the newest technologies in m-Science but also to give participants an hands-on experience on selected techniques including: Participatory Sensing Data Collection, m-Learning, Mobile Data Collection for Android, Mobile Applications in the Developing World, Google App Inventor, Mobile Python, Mobile in the Curricula among other related topics.

Participants of the workshop practiced on how to use mobile technology tools to retrieve scientific data, how to apply appropriate web-based analysis to assimilate mobile data into scientific studies, and how to share their scientific findings with a potentially large mobile

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audience. Case studies were also presented by some of the participants.

The whole workshop was recorded using the automated EyA system developed by the ICTP-SDU. All recordings are available for download through the website www.ictp.tv. Every participant received at the end of the workshop a Diploma of Attendance.

International Collaborations

• UNESCO – Communication and Information Sector, Paris

• IEPM – Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC), USA

• INASP - International Network for the Availability of Scientific Publications, UK.

• eIFL.net - Electronic Information for Libraries Initiative.

• Statistical Physics Sector, Prof. G. Mussardo, SISSA, Italy.

Projects

Diploma Course On-line and Distance Learning

The SDU has developed a completely automated and non-intrusive system for the webcasting of physics and mathematics lectures given at the ICTP Diploma Course and during some ICTP conferences and workshops. The system is named EyA-”Enhance your Audience” and has been the winner of the 2007/2008 Innovation Award of the Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia in the non profit category.

In 2010, the free SDU’s Linux version “openEyA” received a honourable mention in the Education category of the Stockholm Challenge, an international awards programme that promotes the use of ICT tools and technologies for the development of people and society. Also during the year 2010 openEyA was promoted in developing countries with a SDU grant that included hardware and software for openEyA. This grant offers an off-the-shelf solution for online learning and the 2010 winners come from Universities in Argentina, Chile, Romania and Uganda —see details at www.openeya.org

To date, there are more than 7000 hours of recorded lectures from the five different ICTP Diploma Courses at the website —a unique educational endeavor.

SDU also continued to spread out the use of free openEyA around the world to support Academic webcasting and e-learning programs at universities and research centers. For example the ICTP Mathematics smr2202 activity: “School on Dynamical Systems” held in Tripoli (Libia) was recorded on-site by the organizers.

African Connectivity as Measured from ICTP: PingER

PingER (Ping End-to-end Reporting) is the name given to the Internet End-to-end Performance Measurement (IEPM) project to monitor end-to-end performance of Internet links, developed by the IEPM group at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). Throughout 2010, the SDU has monitored sites in the African continent directly from ICTP premises.

Free Electronic Journals Delivery System (eJDS)

The SDU supervises the functioning of the pioneering free electronic Journals Delivery System (eJDS). The aim of eJDS is to facilitate access to current scientific literature for scientists at institutions in developing countries who cannot afford to download articles from the Internet specially due to insufficient bandwidth. After registering, scientists residing in the approved countries can receive via a web-to-email gateway a number of articles per

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week. The project is carried out in collaboration with the ICTP Library (for the agreements with the publishers or societies and the users´ subscriptions) and the Scientific Computing Section (for the eJournals server admin). Website: www.ejds.org

The African Physical Review eJournal

The SDU supervises the server of the The African Physical Review —a free, on-line, peer-reviewed, international eJournal that publishes reviews, research articles, and brief communications in all branches of experimental and theoretical physics and related interdisciplinary fields. One of the objectives of this eJournal is to bridge the knowledge gap resulting from the inability of a large number of academic institutions in African countries to subscribe to leading physics periodicals. This is done in collaboration with Prof. K.T. Shah (ICTP). Website: www.aphysrev.org

staff

Consultants:

E. Canessa, Chile

C. Fonda, Italy

M. Zennaro, Italy

Funding

ICTP (principal contributor)

UNESCO – Communication and Information Sector (grant given to SDU’s Mobile Science workshop, 2010).

Publications

The Science Dissemination Unit released under a Creative Commons license its premier open book on “m-Science: Sensing, Computing and Dissemination”. It was written by experts in an effort to engage the scientific community, engineers and scholars worldwide in the design, development and deployment of the newest mobile applications. The goal is to create awareness on the huge possibilities of Mobile Science (or “m-Science” in short), as well as to motivate a new generation of learners, scholars and scientists to participate in the challenges of the rapidly developing new field of m-Science. The 267-pages book gives a balanced mix of technical detail, general overview, societal impact and a sense of the possible. It underlies all the creative ways that people are finding to use mobile devices for doing m-Science. The book also aims to give concrete, hands on, practical information about how to actually get started with mobile science yourself: ranging from spectroscopy, sensing and supercomputing to programming and education. It also gives interesting background and statistics. The book can be read on-line, or be freely downloaded from the website: www.m-science.net/book

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INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TeCHNOLOGY seCTION (ICTs)

The ICTP Information and Communication Technology Section (ICTS) provides informatic services for the ICTP community (scientific and administrative) and for the scientific activities of ICTP.

In addition to the computing support services it provides to ICTP’s Trieste campus, ICTS participates in training activities that benefit developing countries. The section helps organize training activities, both in Trieste and abroad, in the areas of High Performance Computing (HPC) and Grid computing to help improve research infrastructure in Africa.

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THe AFRICAN PHYsICAL ReVIeW

The African Physical Review (www.aphysrev.org), the official journal of the African Physical Society, is a free, open access, on-line, peer reviewed, international journal that publishes reviews, research articles, and brief communications in all branches of experimental and theoretical physics with an emphasis on originality and relevance to the basic understanding of contemporary physics and related interdisciplinary fields.

The African Physical Review is widely listed by libraries and other eJournal listing organizations around the world. Over 20,000 visits occurred to its website since its inception in September 2007. Its major readership continues to be dominated by the United States of America followed by India, Iran and Morocco. Moreover, the submission rate by non-African authors significantly increased as compared to African authors reflecting its international recognition. The African Physical Review continues to improve its organizational structure and its system’s capabilities. Not only there is periodic upgrade of the software system used, but the interface is made more attractive and user friendly. In the new organizational structure, there are now ten associate editors, each with expertise in one of the sub-field of physics. Authors can now submit their papers directly to one of the associate editors closest to their field of research. The present international board of editors reflects also changes based on new priorities.

The African Physical Review has become a truly international journal with an increased usage worldwide. This is reflected in the data on paper downloads. A paper by E. Shirani and S. Jafari, published in volume 1, was downloaded 2459 times, followed by other papers 1841 and 1297 times. Papers published in 2010 were downloaded about 800 times on average. The paper by R. Wayne, published recently, was the subject of a news release by Cornell University (USA) and by a New York newspaper. It was downloaded 612 times in less than three months.

The African Physical Review was also commended by the American Physical Society (USA) in its letter to the African Physical Society.

The African Physical Review Authorship. Top 10 Country Readership of The African Physical Review

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APPeNDICes

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sCIeNTIFIC CALeNDAR 2010

18 January - 5 FebruaryAdvanced School and Conference on Homological and Geometrical Methods in Representation TheoryOrganizers: Directors: B. Keller, H. Lenzing, J.A. de la Pena, A. SkowronskiLocal Organizer: S. Luzzatto

1 - 5 FebruaryPreparatory School to the Winter College on Optics and EnergyCo-sponsors: International Commission for Optics (ICO), Optical Society of America (OSA), International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE), European Optical Society (EOS), Società Italiana di Ottica e Fotonica (SIOF), US National Academy of Science (NAS), Photonics Society (IEEE) and Central European Initiative (CEI)Organizers: V. Lakshminarayanan and G. LanzaniLocal Organizers: M. Danailov and J. Niemela

8 - 19 FebruaryWinter College on Optics and EnergyCo-sponsors: International Commission for Optics (ICO), Optical Society of America (OSA), International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE), European Optical Society (EOS), Società Italiana di Ottica e Fotonica (SIOF), US National Academy of Science (NAS), Photonics Society (IEEE) and Central European Initiative (CEI)Organizers: V. Lakshminarayanan and G. LanzaniLocal Organizers: M. Danailov and J. Niemela

22 February - 12 MarchWorkshop and Awareness Conference on Evolution of Wireless TechnologiesCo-sponsors: ITU International Telecommunication Union and NSRC Network Startup Resource CenterOrganizers: Workshop: S. M. Radicella (ICTP), Ryzard Struzak , M. Maniewicz (ITU/BDT). Conference: S. M. Radicella, A.Tompkins (ICTP), M. Maniewicz (ITU/BDT)

22 - 30 MarchSpring School on Superstring Theory and Related TopicsCollaborations: Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP), Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN),e International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)Organizers: J. de Boer (University of Amsterdam), E. Gava (INFN), S. Kachru (Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics), K.S. Narain (ICTP), S. Randjbar-Daemi (ICTP)

29 March - 1 April(Co-sponsored)Hands-on Training School on Molecular and Material Science GRID ApplicationsCo-sponsors: COST D37 / EU-IndiaGRID Project / Joint Democritos/SISSA eLabCollaborations: COST D37 / EU-IndiaGRID project / joint Democritos/SISSA eLab Organizer: S. Cozzini (DEMOCRITOS, CNR/INFM)

6 - 23 AprilSecond Workshop on Satellite Navigation Science and Technology for AfricaCo-sponsor: Boston College, USAOrganizers: Patricia H. Doherty, Sandro M. Radicella

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12 - 16 April(Co-sponsored)Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced School on Internal Dosimetry for Medical Physicists Specializing in Nuclear MedicineCo-sponsor: AFRA, IAEA, EFOMPOrganizers: L. Bertocchi (ICTP), M. de Denaro (Trieste), R. Padovani (EFOMP), S. Palm (IAEA)

12 - 23 AprilJoint ICTP-IAEA Advanced Workshop on Multi-Scale Modelling for Characterization and Basic Understanding of Radiation Damage Mechanisms in MaterialsOrganizers: N. Dytlewski (IAEA). V. Inozemtsev (IAEA), P. Salame (IAEA), A. Zeman (IAEA)Local Organizer: S. Scandolo

19 - 23 AprilJoint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Vulnerability of Energy Systems to Climate Change and Extreme EventsOrganizer: F. Toth (IAEA)Local Organizer: C. Tuniz

26 April - 7 MaySchool on Synchrotron and Free-Electron-Laser Sources and their Multidisciplinary ApplicationsOrganizers: N. Binggeli (ICTP) and M. Kiskinova (Sincrotrone, Trieste)

3 - 7 MayWorkshop on Entrepreneurship for Physicists and Engineers from Developing CountriesOrganizers: S. Raghu, D. Chauhan, C. Tuniz, J. Niemela

3 - 14 MayJoint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data for Advanced Reactor TechnologiesOrganizers: IAEA: R. Capote, A. Stanculescu. IPPE, Obninsk, Russia: V. G. Pronyaev. ICTP: C. Tuniz

10 - 14 MayAdvanced Conference on Seismic Risk Mitigation and Sustainable DevelopmentOrganizers: A. Peresan, M. Kouteva-Guentcheva, R. Dmowska, B. RouhbanLocal Organizer: G.F. Panza

17 - 21 MayJoint ICTP-IAEA Course on Natural Circulation Phenomena and Passive Safety Systems in Advanced Water Cooled ReactorsOrganizers: IAEA: Jong-Ho Choi. ICTP: C. Tuniz

17 - 22 MayWorkshop on Localization Phenomena in Novel Phases of Condensed MatterOrganizers: F. Evers, V. Kagalovsky and I.V. LernerLocal Organizer: V.E. Kravtsov

17 - 28 MaySpring College on Computational NanoscienceCo-sponsor: Psi-k Network, CECAM and DEMOCRITOS CNR-IOMOrganizers: A. Foster, N. Marzari, S. Scandolo

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26 - 28 MayGribov-80 Memorial Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics and BeyondCollaborations: MTA KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics (RMKI)Organizers: L. Bertocchi (ICTP), Y. Dokshitzer (Paris-VI University), P. Levai (MTA KFKI RMKI), J. Nyiri (MTA KFKI RMKI), D. Treleani (Trieste University)

31 May - 11 JuneSchool and Workshop on Local Rings and Local Study of Algebraic VarietiesOrganizers: C. Huneke, M.-E. Rossi, Le D.T., Ngo Viet TrungLocal Organizer: R. Ramakrishnan

31 May - 11 JuneFifth ICTP Workshop on the Theory and Use of Regional Climate ModelsOrganizers: F. Giorgi, N. Diffenbaugh, W. Gutowski, R AnyahLocal Organizer: F. Giorgi

14 - 18 JuneWorkshop on Quantum Statistical Mechanics, Computation and InformationOrganizers: E. Farhi, M. Hastings, G. Mussardo, A. Scardicchio, S. SondhiLocal Organizers: M. Müller, A. Scardicchio

14 June - 2 July(Co-sponsored)Summer School and Conference on Hodge Theory and Related TopicsCo-sponsors: Clay Mathematics Institute (CMI) and US National Science Foundation (NSF)Organizers: E. Cattani, F. El Zein, P. Griffiths, Le D.T.Local Organizer: L. Goettsche

21 - 25 JuneWorkshop on Dynamics of Strongly Correlated Quantum SystemsOrganizers: E. Altman, R. Fazio, A. PolkovnikovLocal Organizers: G. Santoro and A. Silva

28 June - 16 JulyAdvanced School and Workshop on Discrete Groups in Complex GeometryOrganizers: S. Cantat, W. Goldman, N. Gusevskii, J. SeadeLocal Organizer: R. Ramakrishnan

5 - 9 JulyWorkshop on Emergence of New States of Matter in Magnetic Systems and BeyondOrganizers: F. Becca, B. Kumar, F. MilaLocal Organizer: M. Kiselev

5 - 16 JulyInternational Advanced Workshop on the Frontiers of Plasma PhysicsOrganizers: P.K. Shukla, B. Eliasson, S. Mahajan, R. Bingham, L. Stenflo, Z. YoshidaLocal Organizer: J. Niemela

19 - 30 JulySummer School in CosmologyCo-sponsor: Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN)Organizers: P. Creminelli (ICTP), U. Seljak (UC & LBNL Berkeley & Zürich U.), M. Viel (INAF, OATS)

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2 - 13 August(Co-sponsored)Workshop on Principles and Design of Strongly Correlated Electronic SystemsCo-sponsors: Institute for Complex Adaptive Matter (ICAM-I2CAM), Interdisciplinary Approaches to Functional Electronic and Biological Materials (INTEL-BIOMAT) funded by the European Science Foundation (ESF), RIKEN Advanced Science InstituteOrganizers: A. Chubukov, P. Coleman, A. Schofield and H. TakagiLocal Organizer: E. Tosatti

2 - 13 AugustTargeted Training Activity: Statistical Methods in Seasonal PredictionOrganizers: J. Shukla (GMU & COLA, USA), T. Delsole (GMU & COLA, USA)Local Organizer: Jin Ho Yoo

2 - 20 August2010 Workshop on the Development of Behaviour: Emergent Properties of Nervous SystemsOrganizers: K. Vijayraghavan, M. Bate, V. RodriguesLocal Organizer: C. Tuniz

16 - 20 AugustConference on Decadal PredictabilityOrganizers: J. Shukla (GMU & COLA, USA), F. Kucharski (ESP-ICTP), L. Feudale (ESP-ICTP)

23 - 27 AugustJoint ICTP-IAEA School of Nuclear Knowledge ManagementCo-sponsor: Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS)Organizers: IAEA: A. Kosilov, M. Sbaffoni. ICTP: C. Tuniz

23 August - 3 SeptemberAdvanced Workshop on Anderson Localization, Nonlinearity and Turbulence: a Cross-FertilizationOrganizers: B.L. Altshuler, G. Falkovich, S. Flach, K.R. SreenivasanLocal Director: V.E. Kravtsov

30 August - 10 SeptemberCollege on Soil Physics: Soil Physical Properties and Processes under Climate ChangeOrganizers: D. Gabriels, E. Skidmore, D. Nielsen, I. Pla SentisLocal Director: GC. Ghirardi.

6 - 10 September(Co-sponsored)Workshop on Nano-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems Approaching the Quantum RegimeCo-sponsor: Arnold Sommerfeld Center for Theoretical Physics, LMU Center for NanoScience, Nanosystems Initiative Munich, Yale University/Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchOrganizers: J. Harris, K. Lehnert, R. Lifshitz, J. von Delft and E. WeigLocal Organizer: M. Kiselev

13 - 22 September(Co-sponsored)International MedCLIVAR-ICTP-ENEA Summer School on the Mediterranean Climate System and Regional Climate ChangeOrganizers: V. Artale (ENEA, Italy), E.Coppola (ICTP), F. Giorgi (ICTP), P. Lionello (University

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of Salento/CMCC, Italy), U. Ulbrich (FU Berlin, Germany)

13 September - 1 OctoberCollege on Medical Physics. Digital Imaging Science and Technology to Enhance Healthcare in the Developing CountriesOrganizers: S. Tabakov, A. Benini, F. Milano, G.D. Frey, P. Sprawls (Director Emeritus)Local Organizer: L. Bertocchi

23 - 25 SeptemberMedCLIVAR Workshop on: “Scenarios of Mediterranean Climate Change under Increased Radiative Active Gas Concentration and the Role of Aerosols”Organizers: P. Alpert (Tel-Aviv University, Israel), E. Coppola (ICTP), F. Dulac (CEA, France), F. Giorgi (ICTP), L. Li (LMD/IPSL/CNRS, France)

27 September - 9 OctoberAdvanced School on Direct and Inverse Problems of SeismologyCo-sponsor: Kuwait Foundation for the Advancement of Sciences (KFAS)Organizers: G.F. Panza and B.G. Bukchin

11 - 15 OctoberConference on Molecular Aspects of Cell Biology: A Perspective from Computational PhysicsCo-sponsors: ICGEG, Trieste, Italy and In collaboration with INFM/DEMOCRITOS, Trieste, ItalyOrganizers: P. Carloni and S. PantanoLocal Organizer: R. Gebauer

18 - 27 OctoberAdvanced School on Complexity, Adaptation and Emergence in Marine EcosystemsCo-sponsor: EUR-OCEANS ConsortiumOrganizers: P. Mariani, C. Solidoro, U. Thygesen, A.W. VisserLocal Organizer: M. Marsili

18 - 29 October(Co-sponsored)International Advanced School on Space Weather Modelling and ApplicationsCo-sponsor: EC COST Action ES0803 “Developing Products and Services for Space Weather in Europe”, EC FP7 Project SOTERIA “SOLar-TERrestrial Investigations and Archives”, National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF, Italy), European Space Agency (ESA)Organizers: A. Belehaki, M. Messerotti, G. Lapenta, S. Radicella

2 - 5 NovemberWorkshop on Mobile Science: Sensing, Computing and DisseminationOrganizers: E. Canessa, C. Fonda, M. Zennaro

8 - 10 NovemberICTP After 45: Science and Development for a Changing WorldOrganizer: F. QuevedoLocal Organizer: A. Gatti

8 - 12 NovemberJoint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Analytical Applications

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Organizers: M.A. Kellett, D. AbriolaLocal Organizer: L. Bertocchi

8 - 26 NovemberFirst ICTP-IAEA School of Nuclear Energy ManagementOrganizers: IAEA: H. Holger Rogner, Y. Yanev, A. Kossilov. ICTP: C. Tuniz

15 - 20 NovemberSchool and Workshop on D-brane Instantons, Wall Crossing and Microstate CountingCo-sponsor: Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP), Italian Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN)Organizers: M. Bianchi (University of Rome “Tor Vergata”), S. Ferrara (CERN & INFN), E. Kiritsis (University of Crete), K. Narain (ICTP), S. Randjbar-Daemi (ICTP) and A. Sen (HRI)

15 - 26 NovemberJoint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasma and Plasma DiagnosticsOrganizers: V. Gribkov, G. Mank, A. Markowicz, R. Miklaszewski, C. TunizLocal Organizer: M.L. Crespo

HeLD OUTsIDe TRIesTe

1 - 12 MarchAdvanced School on Convection in Industrial Applications (Bangalore, India)Organizers: = N. Rudraiah, A.M. Soward, H. Yamaguchi, P. Kandaswamy

15 - 26 MarchThe 2010 Southwestern Hemisphere Workshop Series on Climate Change: C02, the Biosphere and Climate (Buenos Aires, Argentina)Organizers: I. Orlanski, C. Vera

15 - 31 MarchICTP Latin-American Basic Course on FPGA Design for Scientific Instrumentation (Mar del Plata, Argentina)Organizers: A. Cicuttin, N. Abdallah, H. Larrondo, L. H. Tabares. LO: J. Finochietto, C. GonzalezLocal organizer at ICTP: M.L. Crespo.

3 - 7 MayAfrican School on Nanoscience for Solar Energy Conversion (Addis Ababa, Ethiopia)Organizers: T.Y. Anshebo (U. Addis Ababa) and R. Gebauer (ICTP)

15 - 21 MayGeophysics, Geodesy and Tectonics of the North Africa Plate Boundary for Better Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard Assessments (Algiers, Algeria)Co-sponsors: International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior (IASPEI), International Association of Geodesy (IAG), Emerging Nations Science Foundation (ENSF)Organizers: A. Aoudia (ICTP), M. Meghraoui (IPGS, Strasbourg)Local Organizer in Algeria: Hafid Aourag (Algerian Ministry of Scientific Research)

6 - 12 JuneUWCAD International Summer School: Water in the Anthropocene (Duino, Italy)Organizers: C. Piani, P. Howe, F. Giorgi, H. White

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20 June - 3 JulyCarpathian Summer School of Physics 2010 - Exotic Nuclei, Nuclear and Particle Physics “From Nuclei to Stars” (Sinaia, Romania)Collaboration: Central European Initiative (CEI)Organizers: A. Smirnov, S. Stoica, L. Trache

19 - 30 JulyAfrican School on Electronic Structure Methods and Applications (ASESMA 2010) (Cape Town, South Africa)Organizers: D. Joubert (Chair, Local Organizing Committee), R.M. Martin (Chair, International Advisory Panel), S. Scandolo (ICTP contact)

1 - 21 August1st Biennial African School on Fundamental Physics and its Applications (Stellenbosch, South Africa)Organizers: B. Acharya, S. Muanza et al.

2 - 13 AugustThird Hands-On Research in Complex Systems School (Buea, Republic of Cameroon)Organizers: J. Foba, G. Ngwa, R. Roy, K. Showalter, Harry L. SwinneyLocal Organizer at ICTP: K.R. Sreenivasan

25 October - 7 NovemberAdvanced Regional Workshop on High Performance and Grid Computing: Towards Enabling e-Science in the Region (Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran)Co-sponsors: IPM-Grid, and e-Lab, joint SISSA/DEMOCRITOS Laboratory for e-ScienceOrganizers: R. Asgari, S. Cozzini, S. Rouhani, A.Balaz

23 November - 1 December(Co-sponsored)School on Dynamical Systems (Tripoli, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)Co-sponsors: Alfateh University, National Authority of Scientific Research (NASR)Organizers: F. Omer (Alfateh University), S. Luzzatto (ICTP)

2 - 11 DecemberMediterranean School on Nano-Physics (Marrakech, Morocco)Organizers: V. Kravtsov (ICTP), I. Lukyanchuk (University of Picardy, France), D. Mezzane (Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco) and S. Scandolo (ICTP)

3 - 20 DecemberICTP Latin American String School (São Paulo, Brazil)Organizers: N. Berkovits, V. Rivelles, H. Nastase, A. Mikhailov, K.S. Narain, S. Randjbar-Daemi

HOsTeD ACTIVITIes

25 January, 2 and 10 FebruaryFARE SCIENZA CON IL COMPUTER - Laboratorio di simulazione numerica per le scuole superioriOrganizers: Maria Peressi and Giorgio Pastore (Dept. of Physics, Str. Costiera, 11, Trieste)

28 - 29 JanuaryWorkshop on Brains in Dialogue on Predictive Medicine

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Organizer: Vincent Torre (SISSA)

22 - 25 FebruaryICGEB Theoretical Course: “Mouse Genetics; Models for Human Diseases”Organizers: ICGEB - Director: G. Tocchini-Valentini

29 March - 1 April ICGEB Course on RNA Structure and FunctionOrganizers: ICGEB - Director: G. Tocchini-Valentini

26 - 28 AprilGeo-Seas MeetingsOrganizer: British Geological Survey

26 April - 7 MayIAEA Workshop on Essential Safety Assessment KnowledgeOrganizers: IAEA

12 - 13 May13th Meeting of the Coordinating Council of COMSATS (Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South)Organizer: TWAS

19 May Incontro Comitato Tecnico-Scientifico CLIL-Liceo G. GalileiOrganizers: Liceo G. Galilei, Trieste (Prof. Phil Tarsia)

24 - 29 MaySelezione squadra italiana per 41.a Olimpiade Internazionale della Fisica (OLIFIS)Organizers: Giuliana Cavaggioni

31 May - 4 JuneRelativistic Whirlwind - Celebrating the 65th Birthday of Marek AbramowiczOrganizers: Paola Rebusco et al. (MIT, Cambridge, USA)Local Organizer: Prof. John Miller (SISSA)

12 JuneAssemblea Distrettuale dell’Inner Wheel Distretto 206Organizers: Inner Wheel Club Trieste (Sig.ra Donatella Nicolich)

12 JuneFase Nazionale delle Olimpiadi delle NeuroscienzeOrganizer: Centro Interdipartimentale BRAIN (Università di Trieste); contact person: Prof. Pierpaolo Battaglini.

16 JulyPClamp WorkshopOrganizer: Prof. Enrico Cherubini (SISSA)

28 AugustIUPAP C13 MeetingLocal Organizer: S. Scandolo

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11 - 15 OctoberIAEA Workshop on “Nuclear Structure and Decay Data: Theory and Evaluation”Organizers: J.K. Tuli (NNDC), D. Abriola (IAEA)Local Organizer at ICTP: C. Tuniz

11 - 15 OctoberScuola Archivistica d’Autunno 2010Organizers: Archivio di Stato, Trieste, International Institute for Archival Science of Trieste and Maribor, Maribor

13 - 15 December1st International Workshop on SPEM and Seeded FEL sources and Time-resolved experimentsOrganizer: Ufficio Utenti - Sincrotrone Trieste

16 - 17 DecemberInternational Worskhop on “Soft X-Ray Science and Instrumentation at the European XFEL”Organizer: European XFEL GmbH

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PUBLICATIONs

sCIeNTIFIC PAPeRs

HIGH eNeRGY, COsMOLOGY AND AsTROPARTICLe PHYsICs

Published (46)

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. 2010. Commissioning of the ATLAS muon spectrometer with cosmic rays. Eur. Phys. J. C70 875-916. arXiv:1006.4384 [physics.ins-det]

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. 2010. Measurement of the W -> lnu and Z/gamma* -> ll production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. JHEP 1012 060. arXiv:1010.2130

Aad, G.; Acharya, B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. 2010. Readiness of the ATLAS tile calorimeter for LHC collisions. Eur. Phys. J. 1193-1236. arXiv:1007.5423 [physics.ins-det]

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. 2010. Search for new particles in two-jet final states in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105161801. arXiv:1008.2461 [hep-ex]

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. 2010. The ATLAS simulation infrastructure. Eur. Phys. J. C70823-874. arXiv:1005.4568 [physics.ins-det]

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. 2010. Measurement of inclusive jet and dijet cross sections in proton-proton collisions at 7 TeV centre-of-mass energy with the ATLAS detector. Eur. Phys. J. C711512. arXiv:1009.5908

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. 2010. Search for quark contact interactions in dijet angular distributions in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV measured with the ATLAS detector. Phys. Lett. B 694327-345. arXiv:1009.5069

Abbas, M.; Smirnov, A.Yu. 2010. Is the tri-bimaximal mixing accidental? Phys. Rev. D 82:013008

Acharya,B.S.; Darve, C. 2010. Into Africa – a school in fundamental physics. CERN Courier 50, 9

Acharya,B.S.; Bobkov, K.; Kumar, P. 2010. An M theory solution to the strong cp problem and constraints on the axiverse. JHEP 1011 105. arXiv:1004.5138 [hep-th]

An, H.; Chen, S.; Mohapatra, R.N.; Nussinov, S.; Zhang, Y. 2010. Energy dependence of direct detection cross section for asymmetric mirror dark matter. Phys. Rev. D 82, 023533. arXiv:1004.3296 [hep-ph]

Antoniadis, I.; Hohenegger, S.; Narain,K.S.; Taylor, T.R. 2010. Deformed topological partition function and Nekrasov backgrounds. Nucl. Phys. B838253-265. arXiv:1003.2832 [hep-th]

Arean,D.; Bertolini,M.; Evslin, J.; Prochazka, T. 2010. On holographic superconductors with DC current. JHEP 1007:060. arXiv:1003.5661 [hep-th]

Arhrib, A.; Bajc, B.; Ghosh, D. K.; Han, T.; Huang, G. Y. ; Puljak I.; Senjanovic, G. 2010. Collider signatures for heavy lepton triplet in type I+III seesaw. Phys. Rev. D 82, 053004. arXiv:0904.2390 [hep-ph]

Asakawa, E.; Harada, D.; Kanemura, S.; Okada, Y.; Tsumura, K. 2010. Higgs boson pair production in new physics models at hadron, lepton, and photon colliders, Phys. Rev. D 82,

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115002. hep-ph/1009.4670, IC-2010-076

Bajc, B.; Enkhbat, T.; Ghosh, D.K.; Senjanovic,G.;Zhang,Y. 2010. MSSM in view of PAMELA and Fermi-LAT. JHEP 1005048. arXiv:1002.3631 [hep-ph]

Bajc, B.; Nemevsek, M.; Senjanovic,G. 2010. Probing leptonic CP phases in LFV processes. Phys. Lett. B 684231. [arXiv:0911.1323 [hep-ph]

Burgess, C.P.; Cicoli, M.; Gomez-Reino, M.; Quevedo,F.; Tasinato, G.; Zavala, I. 2010. Non-standard primordial fluctuations and nongaussianity in string inflation. DAMTP-2010-44, DESY-10-071, 30pp. JHEP 1008:045,2010 arXiv:1005.4840 [hep-th]

Burgess, C.P.; Maharana, A.; Quevedo, F. 2010. Uber-naturalness: unexpectedly light scalars from supersymmetric extra dimensions. IC-2010-013, DAMTP-2010-31, 30pp. JHEP 1105:010,2011 arXiv:1005.1199 [hep th]

Calibbi, L.; Chun, E.J.; Velasco-Sevilla,L. 2010. Bridging flavour violation and leptogenesis in SU(3) family models JHEP 1011, 090

Chen, P.; Ji, X.; Zhang, Y. 2010. Effective angular momentum operators in NRQED and matching at one-loop order. arXiv:1012.3668 [hep-ph]

Chen, S.; Ghosh, D.K.; Mohapatra, R.N.; Zhang,Y. 2010. Dynamical R-parity breaking at the LHC. arXiv:1011.2214 [hep-ph]

Creminelli,P.; D’Amico, G.; Musso,M.; Norena, J.; Trincherini, E. 2010. Galilean symmetry in the effective theory of inflation: new shapes of non-Gaussianity. JCAP 1102:006 (2011). arXiv:1011.3004 [hep-th]

Creminelli,P.; D’Amico, G.; Norena, J.; Senatore, L.; Vernizzi, F. 2010. Spherical collapse in quintessence models with zero speed of sound. JCAP 1003:027 (2010). arXiv:0911.2701 [astro-ph.CO]

Creminelli,P.; Nicolis, A.; Trincherini, E. 2010. Galilean Genesis: An alternative to inflation. JCAP 1011:021(2010). arXiv:1007.0027 [hep-th]

D’Amico, G.; Musso,M.; Norena, J.; Paranjape,A. 2010. Excursion sets and non-Gaussian void statistics. Phys. Rev. D. 83023521. arXiv:1011.1229

David, J.R.; Sahoo,B.2010. S-matrix for magnons in the D1-D5 system. JHEP 1010:112. arXiv:1005.0501

Fukuyama, T.; Sugiyama, H.; Tsumura,K. 2010. Phenomenology in the Higgs Triplet Model with the A_4 Symmetry. Phys. Rev. D 82036004. hep-ph/1005.5338, IC-2010-022

Fukuyama, T.; Sugiyama, H.; Tsumura, K. 2010. Constraints from muon g-2 and LFV processes in the Higgs Triplet Model. JHEP 03(2010)044. hep-ph/0909.4943, IC/2009/076

Gava,E.; Karndumri, P.; Narain,K.S. 2010. 3D gauged supergravity from SU(2) reduction of $N=1$ 6D supergravity. J.H.E.P. 1009028, 2010. arXiv:1006.4997 [hep-th]

Gava, E.; Karndumri, P.; Narain, K.S. 2010. Two dimensional RG flows and Yang-Mills instantons. arXiv:1012.4953 [hep-th]

Gava,E.; Karndumri, P.; Narain,K.S. 2010.AdS3 vacua and RG flows in three dimensional gauged supergravities. J.H.E.P. 1004117, 2010. arXiv:1002.3760 [hep-th]

Ghosh, D. K.; Senjanovic, G.; Zhang, Y. Naturally light sterile neutrinos from theory of R-parity. arXiv:1010.3968 [hep-ph]

Kadota, K.; Kersten, J.; Velasco-Sevilla,L. 2010. Supersymmetric musings on the predictivity of family symmetries. Phys. Rev. D 82085022. arXiv:1007.1532

Kim, K.-Y.; Sahoo,B.; Yee, H.-U. 2010. Holographic chiral magnetic spiral. JHEP 1010005.

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arXiv:1007.1985

Krippendorf, S.; Dolan, M.J.; Maharana, A.; Quevedo,F. 2010. D-branes at toric singularities: model building, Yukawa couplings and flavour physics. JHEP 1006:092,2010 arXiv:1002.1790 [hep-th]

Maiezza, A.; Nemevsek, M.; Nesti F.; Senjanovic,G. 2010. Left-Right symmetry at LHC. Phys. Rev. D 82055022. arXiv:1005.5160 [hep-ph]

Melfo, A.; Ramirez A.; Senjanovic,G.2010. Type II see-saw dominance in SO(10) Phys. Rev. D 82075014. arXiv:1005.0834 [hep-ph]

Nath,P.; AbdusSalam,S.S.; Quevedo,F.; Senjanovic,G.; et al. 2010. The hunt for new physics at the Large Hadron Collider /Nucl. Phys. Proc. Suppl/. 200-202 185. arXiv:1001.2693 [hep-ph] Razzaque, S.; Smirnov, A.Yu. 2010. Flavor conversion of cosmic neutrinos from hidden jets. JHEP 1003031

Sahoo,B.; Yee, H.-U. 2010. Electrified plasma in AdS/CFT correspondence. JHEP 1011095. arXiv:1004.3541

Senjanovic,G. 2010. Seesaw at LHC through left-right symmetry. Based on the plenary talk given at the Conference in Honor of Murray Gell-Mann’s 80th Birthday: Quantum Mechanics, Elementary Particles, Quantum Cosmology and Complexity. Singapore. arXiv:1012.4104 [hep-ph]

Senjanovic, G. Proton decay and grand unification. 17th International Conference on Supersymmetry and the Unification of Fundamental Interactions (SUSY 09), Boston, Massachusetts, June 2009. AIP Conference Proceedings 1200 131. [arXiv:0912.5375 [hep-ph]

Tello, V.; Nemevsek, M.; Nesti, F.; SenjanovicG.; Vissani, F. Left-right symmetry: from LHC to neutrinoless double beta decay. arXiv:1011.3522 [hep-ph]

Thompson,G. Intersection pairings on spaces of connections and Chern-Simons theory on Seifert manifolds. Andersen, J.; Boden, H.; Hahn, A.; Himpel, B. (eds.). At Chern-Simons gauge theory: 20 years after. AMS/IP arXiv:1001.2885v1

Tsumura,K.; Velasco-Sevilla,L. 2010. Phenomenology of flavon fields at the LHC, Phys. Rev. D 81036012. hep-ph/0911.2149

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AbdusSalam,S.S.; Quevedo,F.2010. Cold dark matter hypotheses in the MSSM. Phys. Lett. B. arXiv:1009.4308 [hep-ph]

Acharya, B.S.; Torabian, M. 2011. Supersymmetry breaking, moduli stabilization and hidden U(1) breaking in M-theory. arXiv:1101.0108

Akhmedov, E.Kh.; Smirnov, A.Yu. 2010. Neutrino oscillations: entanglement, energy-momentum conservation and QFT. Found. Phys. arXiv:1008.2077

Arean,D.; Bertolini, M.; Krishnan, C.; Prochazka, T. 2010. Type IIB holographic superfluid flows. JHEP. arXiv:1010.5777 [hep-th]

D’Amico, G.; Musso,M.; Norena, J.; Paranjape,A. 2010. An improved calculation of the non-Gaussian halo mass function. JCAP. arXiv:1005.1203

HernandezDiaz,D.; Sher, M. 2011. A slant on warped extra dimensions. arXiv:1101.5695 [hep-ph]

Quevedo,F.; Krippendorf, S.; Schlotterer, O. 2010. Cambridge lectures on supersymmetry

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Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; Shaw,K.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. New J. Phys. arXiv:1012.5104 [hep-ex]

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; Shaw,K.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. Measurement of the production cross section for W-bosons in association with jets in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. Phys. Lett. B. arXiv:1012.5382 [hep-ex]

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; Shaw,K.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. Measurement of the centrality dependence of J/{\psi} yields and observation of Z production in lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. arXiv:1012.5419 [hep-ex]

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; Shaw,K.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross section in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1012.4389 [hep-ex]

Aad, G.; Acharya, B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. Measurement of the top quark-pair production cross section with ATLAS in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7$ TeV. arXiv:1012.1792 [hep-ex]

Aad, G.; Acharya, B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. Measurement of underlying event characteristics using charged particles in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 900 GeV$ and 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1012.0791 [hep-ex]

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. Observation of a centrality-dependent dijet asymmetry in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(S(NN))= 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. arXiv:1011.6182 [hep-ex]

Aad, G.; Acharya,B.S.; Shaw,K.; et al. [Atlas Collaboration]. Search for diphoton events with large missing transverse energy in 7 TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS Detector. arXiv:1012.4272 [hep-ex]

Acharya, B.S.; Kane, G.; Kuflik, E. String theories with moduli stabilization imply non-thermal cosmological history, and particular dark matter. arXiv:1006.3272 [hep-ph]

de Holanda, P.C.; Smirnov, A.Yu. 2010. Solar neutrino spectrum, sterile neutrinos and additional radiation in the Universe. Phys. Rev. D. arXiv:1012.5627

Samanta, A.;Smirnov,A.Yu. 2010. The 2-3 mixing and mass split: atmospheric neutrinos and magnetized spectrometers. JHEP. arXiv:1012.0360

Shaw,K.; et al. [ATLAS Collaboration]. 2010. Study of jet shapes in inclusive jet production in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV using the ATLAS detector. arXiv:1101.0070v1 [hep-ex]

CONDeNseD MATTeR AND sTATIsTICAL PHYsICs

Published (63)

Akemann, G.; Fischmann, J.; Vivo,P. 2010. Universal correlations and power-law tails in financial covariance matrices. Physica A 3892566

Anand, K.; Gai, P.; Marsili,M. The rise and fall of trust networks, in Progress in Artificial Economics. Li Calzi, M.; Milone, L. and Pellizzari, P. (eds.) Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems. 64577-88.

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Aristov, D.N.; Brueunger, C.; Assaad, F.F.; Kiselev, M.N.; Weichselbaum, A.; Capponi, S.; Alet, F. 2010. Asymmetric spin-1/2 two-leg ladders: Analytical studies supported by exact diagonalization, DMRG and Monte Carlo simulations. Phys. Rev. B 82174410

Baroni, S.; Gebauer,R.; Malcioglu, O.B; Saad, Y.; Umari, P.; Xian J. 2010. Harnessing molecular excited states with Lanczos chains. J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 22074204

Benassi, A.; Vanossi, A.; Santoro, G.E; Tosatti, E. 2010. Parameter-free dissipation in simulated sliding friction Phys. Rev. B 82081401

Benassi, A.; Vanossi, A; Santoro, G.E.; Tosatti, E. 2010. Ballistic nanofriction. Nature Materials 9634-637

BhattacharyaS.Kr.; Finn, J.; Diep, V.P.; Baletto, F.; Scandolo,S. 2010. CCl4 dissociation on Ice-Ih surface: An excess electron mediated process Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 1213034

BhattacharyaS.Kr.; Kshirsagar, A. 2010. Ab-initio study of Cd vacancy and Ag/In doping in CdTe clusters DOI : 10.1140/epjd/e2010-10204-2 (published online)

Borghetti, P.; Goldoni, A.; Castellarin-Cudia, C.; Casalis, L.; Herberg, F.; Floreano, L.; Cossaro, A.; Verdini, A.; Gebauer,R.; Ghosh,P.; Sangaletti, L. 2010. The effects of potassium on the supramolecular structure and electronic properties of eumelanin thin films. Langmuir. 2619007

Borghi, G.; Fabrizio, M.; Tosatti, E. 2010. Strongly correlated metal interfaces in the Gutzwiller approximation. Phys. Rev. B 81115134

Bradde, S.; Caccioli, F.; Dall’Asta,L.; Bianconi, G. 2010. Critical fluctuations in spatial complex networks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104218701

Brandino, G.P.; Konik, R.M.; Mussardo, G. 2010. Energy level distribution of perturbed conformal field theories. JSTAT 1007P07013

Burmistrov, I.S.; Gefen, Y.; Kiselev,M.N. 2010. Spin and charge correlations in quantum dots: an exact solution. Pis’ma v ZhETF 92202-207

Caccioli, F.; Marsili,M. 2010. Information efficiency and financial stability. Economics 4

Carré, C.; Deneufchatel, M.; Luque, J.-G.; Vivo,P.2010. Asymptotics of Selberg-like integrals: the unitary case and Newton’s interpolation formula. J. Math. Phys. 51 123516

Carrasquilla, J.; Becca, F.; Trombettoni, A.; Fabrizio,M. 2010. Characterization of the Bose-glass phase in low-dimensional lattices. Phys. Rev. B 81195129

Chatterjee, A. 2010. On kinetic asset exchange models and beyond: microeconomic formulation, trade network and all that. G. Naldi, L. Pareschi and G. Toscani (eds.) Mathematical modeling of collective behavior in socio-economic and life sciences. Birkhauser, Boston, 31-50

Chatterjee,A.; Sen P. 2010. Agent dynamics in kinetic models of wealth exchange. Phys. Rev. E 82056117

Chetty, N.; Martin, R.M.; Scandolo,S. 2010. Material progress in Africa. Nature Phys. 6830

De Martino, A.; Figliuzzi, M.; Marsili,M. 2010. One way to grow, many ways to shrink: the reversible Von Neumann expanding model. J. Stat. Mech. [JSTAT] P07032

Dey, S.; Jejurikar, S.; BhattacharyaS.Kr.; Banerji, A.; Adhi, K.P.; Dharmadhikari, C.V. 2010. Electrical characterization of zinc oxide/aluminum nitride thin film precursor field effect transistor structures: a conducting atomic force microscopy and density functional theoretical study. J. App. Phys. 108094510

Feigelman, M.V.; Ioffe, L.B.; Kravtsov,V.E.; Cuevas, E. 2010. Fractal superconductivity near localization threshold. Ann. Phys 3251390-1478

136


Fiaschi, D.; Marsili, M. 2010. Economic interactions and the distribution of wealth, in econophysics and economics of games, social choices and quantitative techniques. Basu, B.; Chakrabarti, B.K.; Chakravarty, S.R. and Gangopadhyay, K. (eds.) New economic windows, Springer 61-70

Fioretto, D.; Mussardo,G. 2010. Quantum Quenches in integrable field theories, invited articles. New J. Phys. 12055015

Fontana, L.; Santoro, M.; Bini, R.; Vinh, Diep Q.; Scandolo,S. 2010. High-pressure vibrational properties of polyethylene. J. Chem. Phys. 133204502

Fosco, C.; Marsili,M.; Vega-Redondo, F. 2010. Peer effects and peer avoidance: the diffusion of behavior in coevolving networks. Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press 8(1) 169-202

Franz, S.; Marsili,M.; Pin, P. 2010. Observed choices and underlying opportunities. Science and Culture 76471

Gava, P.; Dal Corso, A.; Smogunov, A.; Tosatti, E. 2010. Magnetism-induced ballistic conductance changes in palladium nanocontacts. European Physical Journal B 75 57-64

Ghosh A.; ChatterjeeA.; Mitra, M.; Chakrabarti B.K. 2010. Statistics of the Kolkata Paise Restaurant Problem. New. J. Phys. 12075033

Ghosh,P.; Gebauer,R. 2010. Computational approaches to charge transfer excitations in a zinc tetraphenylporphyrin and C-70 complex. J. Chem. Phys. 132104102

Giacomazzi,L.; S. Scandolo,S. 2010. Gypsum under pressure: a first-principles study. Phys. Rev. B 81064103

Gulseren, O.; Manini, N.; Meyer, E.; Vanossi, A.; Tosatti,E. 2010. Trends in Nanotribology. Tribology Letters 39227-227

Han, X.J.; Bergqvist, L.; Dederichs, P.H.; Mueller-Krumbhaar, H.; Christie, J.; Scandolo, S.; Tangney, P. 2010. Polarizable interatomic force field for TiO2 parametrized using density functional theory. Phys. Rev. B 81134108

Kiselev,M.N.; Kikoin, K.; Richert, J. 2010. Kondo effect in Complex Quantum Dots in the presence of an oscillating and fluctuating gate signal. Phys. Rev. B 81115330

Kormos, M.; Mussardo,G.; Pozsgay, B. 2010. Bethe ansatz matrix elements as non-relativistic limits of form factors of quantum field theory. JSTAT 1005P05014

Kravtsov,V.E.; Ossipov, A.; Yevtushenko, O.M.; 2010. Dynamical scaling for critical states: validity of Chalker’s ansatz for strong fractality. Phys. Rev. B 82161102 (R)

Kravtsov,V.E.; Yudson, V.I.; 2010. Exact solution for eigenfunction statistics at the center-of-band anomaly in the Anderson localization model. Phys. Rev. B 82195120

Laumann, C.R.; Moessner, R.; Scardicchio, A.; Sondhi, S.L. 2010. Statistical mechanics of classical and quantum computational complexity. Proceedings of Les Houches School on “Modern theories of correlated electron systems”, May 11-29, 2009

Le Doussal, P.; Müller, M.; Wiese, K. 2010. Avalanches in mean-field models and the Barkhausen noise in spin-glasses. EPL 9157004.

Lepori, L.; Mussardo,G.; Trombettoni, A. 2010. (3+1) Massive Dirac fermions with ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Europhys. Lett. 9250003. arXiv:1004.4744 [hep-th]

Lucignano, P.; Fabrizio,M.; Tagliacozzo, A. 2010. Destruction of Kondo correlations in a four electron quantum dot with spin-orbit interactions. Physica E 42860

Lucignano, P.; Fabrizio,M.; Tagliacozzo, A. 2010. Suppression of Kondo-assisted cotunneling in a spin-1 quantum dot with spin-orbit interaction. Phys. Rev. B 82161306

137


Luque, J.-G.; Vivo,P. 2010. Nonlinear random matrix statistics, symmetric functions and hyperdeterminants. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43085213

Marsili,M.; Anand, K. 2010. Financial complexity and systemic stability in trading markets. A. M. Berd (ed.) Lessons from the Financial Crisis, Risk Books, 455

Matsuda, Y.; Müller,M.; Nishimori, H.; Obuchi, T.; Scardicchio, A. 2010. Distribution of partition function zeros of the ±J model on the Bethe lattice. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43285002

Müller,M.; Fritz, L.; Sachdev, S.; Schmalian, J. 2010. Relativistic transport in a nearly perfect quantum liquid. Proceedings of the XVI-th Int. Congress on Mathematical Physics, Prague 2009, 602, World Scientific

Mussardo, G. 2010 Statistical field theory. An introduction to exactly solved models in statistical physics, Oxford University Press (Oxford)

Mussardo, G. 2010, Low-dimensional quantum field theories, in modern theories of correlated electron systems, Les Houches Lecture Notes 2009, Springer-Verlag

Negri, C.; Manini, N.; Vanossi A.; Santoro,G.E.; Tosatti,E.2010. AFM dissipation topography of soliton superstructures in adsorbed overlayers. Phys. Rev. B 81045417

Nguyen, T.K.T.; Kiselev, M.N.; Kravtsov, V.E. 2010. Thermoelectric transport through a quantum dot: effects of asymmetry in Kondo channels. Phys. Rev. B 82113306

Pellegrini, F.; Santoro,G.E.; TosattiE. 2010. Atomic spin-sensitive dissipation on magnetic surfaces. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105146103

Rasim, K.; Bobeth, M.; Pompe, W.; Seriani N. 2010. A microkinetic model of ammonia decomposition on a Pt overlayer on Au(111). J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 32515

Rossini, D.; Suzuki, S.; Mussardo, G.; Santoro, G.; Silva, A. 2010. Long Time dynamics following a quench in an integrable quantum spin chain: Local versus nonlocal operators and effective thermal behavior. Phys. Rev. B 82144302

Scandolo, S. 2010. Ricordi di uno studente “normale”. G. Grosso and G. La Rocca (eds.) Giuseppe Franco Bassani: Man and Scientist, Societa’ Italiana di Fisica, Bologna, 423-428

Schirò, M.; Fabrizio,M. 2010. Time-dependent mean field theory for quench dynamics in correlated electron systems. Phys. Rev. Lett. 105076401

Seriani, N. 2010. A relation between kinetic-energy density and band gap in alkali and alkaline-earth oxides. J. Phys.: Condens. Mat. 22255502

Seriani,N.; Mittendorfer, F.; Kresse, G. 2010. Carbon in palladium catalysts: a metastable carbide. J. Chem. Phys. 132024711

Silvi, P.; Giovannetti, V.; Calabrese, P.; Santoro, G.E.; Fazio, R. 2010. Entanglement renormalization and boundary critical phenomena. JSTAT L03001

Sinha, S.; Chatterjee, A.; Chakraborti, A.; Chakrabarti, B.K. 2010. Econophysics: an introduction. Wiley-VCH, Berlin.

Vivo,P. 2010. Entangled random pure states with orthogonal symmetry: exact results. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 43405206

Vivo,P. 2010. Largest Schmidt eigenvalue of entangled random pure states and conductance distribution in chaotic cavities. J. Stat. Mech. P01022

Vivo,P.; Majumdar, S.N.; Bohigas, O. 2010. Probability distributions of linear statistics in chaotic cavities and associated phase transitions. Phys. Rev. B 81104202

Voitchovsky, K.; Kuna, J.J.; Contera, S.A.; Tosatti,E.; Stellacci, F. 2010. Direct mapping of the

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solid-liquid adhesion energy with subnanometre resolution. Nature Nanotechnology 5401-405

In Press (16)

Baroni, S.; GebauerR. 2011. The Liouville-Lanczos approach to time-dependent density-functional (perturbation) theory. Marques, M.A.L.; Ullrich, C.A.; Rubio, A. (eds.) Time-dependent density functional theory, Springer Verlag

Benassi, A.; Vanossi, A.; Tosatti,E.Nanofriction in cold ion traps. Nature Communications

Burrello, M.; Mussardo,G.; Wan, X. Topological Quantum Gate Construction by iterative pseudogroup hasing. New Journal of Physics (invited paper). arXiv: 1009.5808 [cond-mat]

Dall’Asta,L.; Pin, P.; Ramezanpour, A. 2010. Optimal equilibria of the best shot game. Journal of Public Economic Theory. arXiv:1002.3572

Giacomazzi, L.; Carrez, P.; Scandolo,S.; Cordier, P. 2011. Dislocation properties of coesite from an ab-initio parameterized interatomic potential. Phys. Rev. B

Hanaki, N.; Kirman, A.; Marsili,M. Born under a lucky star? Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, available online 7 December 2010

Kikoin, K.; Kiselev,M.N.; Avishai, Y. 2011. Dynamical symmetries in Nano-world. Springer

Kormos, M.; Mussardo, G.; Pozsgay, G. Local correlations in super Tonks-Girardeau Gas, Phys. Rev. A arXiv:1008.4383 [cond-mat.quant-gas]

Lee, M.-S.; Scandolo, S. 2011. Mixtures of planetary ices at extreme conditions. Nature Comm.

Liang, Y.; Ogundare,F.; Miranda,C.R.; Christie,J.; Scandolo,S. 2011. Structural properties and phase transitions in a silica clathrate. J. Chem. Phys.

Majumdar, S.N.; Nadal, C.;Scardicchio,A.; Vivo,P. 2010. How many eigenvalues of a Gaussian random matrix are positive? Phys. Rev. E

Müller,M.; Nguyen, H.C. 2010. Collision-dominated spin transport in graphene and Fermi liquids. New J. Phys (2011). arxiv.org/abs/1012.2960

Mussardo,G. Integrability, Non-integrability and confinement. JSTAT (invited paper). arXiv: 1010.5519

Nissan-Cohen, B.; Gefen, Y.; Kiselev,M.N.; Lerner, I.V. 2010. The interplay of charge and spin in quantum dots: The Ising Case, pp. 1-11, Phys. Rev. B. arXiv:1007.2436v1

Raji, A.T.; Mazzarello, R.; Scandolo, S.; Nsengiyumva, S.; Härting, M.; Britton, D.T. 2011. Intrinsic defects and krypton impurity atoms in hcp-titanium: A first-principles study. Phys. Rev. B

Zhai, Y.; Laio, A.; Tosatti,E.; Gong, X.G. Finite temperature properties of clusters by replica exchange metadynamics: the water nonamer. JACS

Submitted (21)

Akin-Ojo,O.; Wang, F. 2011. The quest for the best nonpolarizable water model from the adaptive force matching method. J. Comput. Chem. 32453

Anand,K.; Gai, P.; Marsili,M. Rollover risk, network structure and systemic financial crises, J. Econ. Dyn. and Control

139


Benassi, A.; Vanossi, A.; Santoro,G.E.; Tosatti,E. 2010. Sliding over a phase transition. PRL

Braun, O.M.;Tosatti,E. Kinetics and dynamics of frictional stick-slip in mesoscopic boundary lubrication

Caccioli, F.; Still, S.; Marsili,M.; Kondor, I. Optimal liquidation strategies regularize portfolio selection. European Journal of Finance, Special Issue on “New Facets of Economic Complexity in Modern Financial Markets”

Caneva, T.; Calarco, T.; Fazio, R.; Santoro,G.E.; Montangero, S. 2010. Speeding up critical system dynamics through optimized evolution. Phys. Rev. Lett. arXiv:0912.1642

Canovi, E.; Rossini, D.; Fazio, R.; Santoro, G.E.; Silva, A. 2010. Quantum quenches, thermalization and many-body localization. PRB. arXiv:1006.1634.

Carr, S.T.; Narozhny, B.N.; Nersesyan,A.A. The effect of a local perturbation in a fermionic ladder. Phys. Rev. Lett. arXiv:1008.5282/cond-mat.

Dall’Asta,L.; Caccioli, F.; Beghè, D. 2010. Strong-noise effects in one-dimensional neutral populations. Phys. Rev. Lett.

De Angelis, F.; Fantacci, S.; Gebauer,R. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of dye-sensitized TiO2 heterointerfaces in explicit solvent: Absorption spectra, energy levels and dye desorption. J. Am. Chem. Soc.

De Martino, D.; Bradde, S.; Dall’Asta,L.; Marsili,M. 2010. Topology-induced inverse phase transitions. Phys. Rev. Lett.

Profeta G.; ScandoloS. Far-infrared spectrum of Ice Ih: A first-principles study. Phys. Rev. Lett.

Kravtsov, V.E.; Yudson, V.I. Commensurability effects in one-dimensional Anderson localization: anomalies in eigenfunction statsistics. Ann. Phys. arXiv: 1011.1480

Malcioglu, O.B.; Calzolari, A.; Gebauer,R.; Varsano, D.; Baroni, S. 2011. Solvation and thermal effects on the optical properties of natural dyes: a case study on the flavylium cyanin. J. Chem. Phys.

Malcioglu, O.B.; Rocca, D.; Gebauer,R.; Baroni, S. TurboTDDFT - a code for the simulation of molecular spectra using the Liouville-Lanczos approach to time-dependent density-functional perturbation theory. Comput. Phys. Comm.

Marsili, M. Complexity and financial stability in a large random economy. Quantitative Finance

Marsili,M.; Kirman, A.; Anand,K. 2010. Epidemics of rules, information aggregation failure and market crashes. Eur. J. of Finance

Mishra, T.; Ramanan,S.; Pai, R.V.; Luthra, M.S.; Das, B.P. Supersolid in a one-dimensional optical lattice in the presence of a harmonic trap. arXiv:1011.2523 PRA

Nersesyan,A.A.; Chern, G.W.; Perkins, N. Quantum phase transitions in a strongly entangled spin-orbital chain: A field-theoretical approach. Phys. Rev. B. arXiv: 1101.1268/cond-mat

Nissan-Cohen, B.; Gefen, Y.; Kiselev,M.N.; and Lerner, I.V. 2011. The interplay of charge and spin in quantum dots: the Ising case. Phys. Rev. B. 1-11. arXiv:1007.2436v1

Polkovnikov, A.; Sengupta, K.; Silva,A.; Vengalattore, M. 2010. Nonequilibrium dynamics of closed interacting quantum systems. Rev. Mod. Phys. arxiv/1007.5331

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Published (5)

Ghaderi, N.; Peressi, M.; Binggeli, N.; Akbarzadeh, H. 2010. Structural properties and energetics of intrinsic and Si-doped GaAs nanowires. Phys. Rev. B 81155311

Leonov, I.; Korotin, Dm.; Binggeli, N.; Anisimov, V.I.; Vollhardt, D. 2010. Computation of correlation-induced atomic displacements and structural transformations in paramagnetic KCuF3 and LaMnO3. Phys. Rev. B81 075109

Mouketo,L.; Binggeli,N.; M’Passi-Mabiala, B. 2010. Magnetism at the V/Gd interface. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 22186003

Stojic,N.; Mentes, T.O.; Binggeli,N.; Nino, M.A.; Locatelli, A.; Bauer, E. 2010. Temperature dependence of surface stress across an order-disorder transition: p(1x2)O/W(110). Phys. Rev. B 81115437

Zheng, B.; Binggeli,N.2010. Influence of the interface atomic structure on the magnetic and electronic properties of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/SrTiO3(001) heterojunctions. Phys. Rev. B 82245311

Submitted (1)

Mentes, T.O.; Stojic,N.; Locatelli, A.; Aballe, L.; Binggeli,N.; Nino, M.A.; Kiskinova, M.; Bauer, E. 2011. Stress engineering at the nanometer scale. Europhys. Lett.

MATHeMATICs

Published (19)

Al-Yasry,A.Z.; Denicola, D.; Marcolli, M. 2010. Spin foams and noncommutative geometry. Class. Quantum Grav. 27 doi:10.1088/0264-9381/27/20/205025

Cano, A.; Seade, J. 2010. On the equicontinuity region of discrete subgroups of PU(1n). Journal of Geometric Analysis 20no. 2 291-305

Cisneros-Molina, J.L.; Seade,J.; Snoussi, J. 2010. Milnor fibrations and d-regularity for real analytic singularities. Int. J. Math. 21 419-434

Chen, J. C.; Fan, Da S.; Zhu,X.R.2010. Sharp L2 boundedness of the oscillatory hyper-Hilbert transform along curves. Acta Math. Sin. 26(4) 653-658

Dethlo, G.; Tan,Tr. 2010. A second main theorem for moving hypersurface targets. Houston Mathematical Journal. arXiv:math/0703572v2

Fantechi, B.; Göttsche, L. 2010. Riemann-Roch theorems and elliptic genus for virtually smooth schemes. Geom. Topol. 1483-115

Guesmia,S. 2010. Garding inequality on unbounded domains. Differential Integral Equations. 23 (11- 12) 1091-1103

Hang, Ng.; Tan,Tr. 2010. Big Picard theorems for holomorphic mappings into the complement of (2n+1) moving hypersurfaces in CPn. Analele Stiintifice ale Universitatii Ovidius Constanta, Seria Matematica (Romania) 18(1) 155–162

Laudal,O.A. 2010. Phase spaces and deformation theory. Journal of Generalized Lie Theory and Applications. 4special issue on deformation theory

Li, J.; Zhu,X. 2010. Nonexistence of quasi-harmonic spheres. Calc. Var. Partial Differential

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Li, J.; Zhu,X.2010. Existence of 2D Skyrmions. Math. Zeitschrift doi:10.1007/s00209-010-0672-y

Liu, X.; Wang, M.; Zhang, Z. 2010. Local well-posedness and blowup criterion of the Boussinesq equations in critical Besov spaces. J. Math. Fluid Mech. 12(2) 280-292

Ofoedu, E.U.; Zegeye, H. 2010. Iterative algorithm for multi-valued pseudo-contractive mappings in Banach spaces. J. Math. Anal. Appl. 372 68-76

Ramadas,R. 2010. Spin(7) instantons and the Hodge Conjecture for certain abelian four-folds: a modest proposal. Contemporary Mathematics 522(AMS)

Sahin,M. 2010. Hilbert basis of the Lipman semigroup. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Ser. I. 348 1311–1314

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Zhu, X.; Wang, M. 2010. Liouville theorems for quasi-harmonic functions. Nonlinear Analysis-Theory Methods & Applications 73.92890-2896

In Press (14)

Al-Yasry,A.Z. Short walk in fluid mechanic. Science Echo Journal

Arezzo,C.; Della Vedova, A. 2011. On the K-stability of complete intersections in polarized manifolds. Adv. Math. doi:10.1016/j.aim.2010.12.018

Arezzo,C.; Pacard, F.; Singer, M. 2011. Extremal metrics on blow-ups, Duke. Math. J. 157 1. http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/math/pdf/0701/0701028v1.pdf

Arezzo, C.; Della Vedova A.; La Nave, G. K-Destabilizing test configurations with smooth central fibers, Proceedings of the Conference Variational Problems in Differential Geometry, Leeds (U.K.) 2009

Bhowmick,J.; Goswami, D. Quantum group of orientation preserving Riemannian isometries. Jour. Func. Anal. arXiv:0806.3687

Bhowmick, J.; Goswami, D. Quantum isometry groups of the Podles Spheres, Jour. Func. Anal. arXiv:0810.0658.

Bhowmick, J.; Skalski, A. Quantum isometry groups of noncommutative manifolds associated to group C*-algebras. Journal of Geometry and Physics

Bhowmick, J.; Goswami, D.; Skalski, A. Quantum isometry groups of 0-dimensional manifolds. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.

Cisneros-Molina, J.L.; Seade,J.; Snoussi, J. Milnor fibrations for real and complex singularities. Contemporary Mathematics

Golmakani, A.; Homburg, A.J. 2010. Lorenz attractors in unfoldings of homoclinic flip bifurcations. Journal of Dynamical Systems

Guesmia, S.; Sengouga, M. Anisotropic singular perturbations for hyperbolic problems.

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Guesmia,S.; Sengouga, M. Some singular perturbations results for semilinear hyperbolic problems. Discrete Cont. Dyn. Syst. Ser. S

Luzzatto, S.; Pilarczyk, P. 2011. Finite resolution dynamics. Found. Comput. Math. doi:10.1007/s10208-010-9083-z

Ofoedu, E.U.; Malonza, D.M. Hybrid approximation of solutions of nonlinear operator equations and application to equation of Hammerstein-type. Applied Mathematics and Computation. http://publications.ictp.it

Scardua, B.; Seade,J. Codimension 1 foliations with Bott-Morse singularities-II. Journal of Topology

Wang,M. The asymptotic behavior of Chern-Simons Higgs model on a compact Riemann surface with boundary. Acta Mathematica Sinica, English Series

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Al-Yasry,A.Z. Khovanov homology and embedded graphs. arxiv.org/abs/0911.2608

Al-Yasry, A.Z. Covering, correspondence and non-commutative geometry, (with Matilde Marcolli) Journal of Geometry and Physics 5812 1639-1661. arXiv:0807.0807.2924v1

Alves, J.; Dias, C.; Luzzatto,S.Geometry of expanding measures and the liftability problem

Alves, J.; Freitas, J.; Luzzatto,S.; Vaienti, S. 2010. From rates of mixing to recurrence times via large deviations

Arezzo,C.; Della Vedova A.; La Nave, G. Singularities and K-semistability. Intern. Math. Res.

Bhowmick,J.; D’ Andrea, F.; Dabrowski, L. Quantum isometries of the finite noncommutative geometry of the Standard Model. arXiv:1009.2850

Bhowmick, J.; D’ Andrea, F.; Dabrowski, L. Quantum automorphisms of the Connes-Chamseddine spectral triple associated to M2(H) +M4 (IC). (preprint)

Bouya, B. Outer functions in analytic weighted Lipschitz algebras. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1005.4210

Chipot, M.; Guesmia,S.; Sengouga, M. Singular perturbations of some nonlinear problems

Dinar,Y.Remarks on bihamiltonian geometry and cassical W-algebras. arXiv:0911.2116

Dinar,Y. Frobenius manifolds from principal classical W-algebras. arXiv:1001.0611

Fonseca,A.; Baggio, G. Complex dynamics of semantic memory access in reading. PNAS

Gottsche, L.; Nakajima, H.; Yoshioka, K. Donaldson = Seiberg-Witten from Mochizuki’s formula and instanton counting. arXiv:1001.5024, 43 pp

Golmakani,A.; Aval, R.A. Analysis of local and global bifurcations in a power system model with SVC

Ho,T.M. The linear span of projections in diagonal AH algebras

Nazir, S.; Yoshinaga M. 2010. On the connectivity of the realization spaces of line arrangements. Annali Della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. Classe di Scienze

Ofoedu,E.U. A note on iterative methods for common fixed point of countable infinite family of nonexpansive mappings. Nonlinear Analysis TMA

Ofoedu,E.U. A remark on the paper: Viscosity approximation methods for nonexpansive mappings. 298 (2004) 279-291 J. Math. Anal. Appl.

Ofoedu,E.U. Weak and strong convergence of implicit and explicit algorithms for total

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Ofoedu,E.U. A further study on approximation methods for nonlinear operator equations and inequalities. J. Nigerian Math. Soc.

Ofoedu,E.U.; Zegeye, H. Further investigation on iteration processes for pseudocontractive mappings with application. Nonlinear Analysis: TMA.

Wang,M. Uniform estimates and blow-up behavior for solutions of -(∆ u+φ.u)=V(x)eu

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Wang,M. The equation ∆ u+∇φ.∇u=8πc(1-h eu) on a Riemann surface

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Artale, V.; Calmanti, S.; Carillo, A.; Dell’Aquila, A.; Hermann, M.; Pisacane, G.; Ruti, P.M.; Sannino, G.; Striglia, M.V.; GiorgiF.; Bi, X.; Pal, J.S.; Rauscher, S. 2010. An atmosphere-ocean Regional Climate Model for the Mediterranean area: Assessment of a present climate simulation. Clim. Dynam. 35721-740

Ballester, J.; Giorgi,F.; Rodo, X. 2010. Changes in European temperature extremes can be predicted from changes in PDF central statistics. Climatic Change Letters 98277-284

Ballester, J.; Rodo, X.; Giorgi,F. 2010. Future changes in Central Europe heat waves to mostly follow summer mean warming. Clim. Dynam. 351191-1205

Bouniol, D.; Protat, A.; Delanoe, J.; Pelon, J.; Piriou, J.M; Bouyssel, F.; Tompkins,A.M.; Wilson, D.R.; Morille, Y.; Haeffelin, M.; et al. 2010. Using continuous ground-based radar and lidar measurements for evaluating the representation of clouds in four operational models. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 35, 1971-1991

Christensen, J.H.; Kjellstrom, E.; Giorgi,F.; Lenderink, G.; Rummukainen, M. 2010. Assigning relative weights to regional climate models: Exploring the concept. Climate Res. 44179-194

Coppola, E.; Giorgi, F. 2010. An assessment of temperature and precipitation change projections over Italy from recent global and regional climate model simulations. Int. J. Climatol. 3011-32

Coppola,E.; Giorgi,F.; Rauscher, S.; Piani, C. 2010. Development of regional climate model weights based on the model’s “mesoscale signal”. Climate Res. 44121-134

Couhert, A.; Schneider, T.; Li, J.; Waliser, D.E.; Tompkins,A.M. 2010. The maintenance of the relative humidity in the subtropical free-troposphere. J. Climate 23390–403

Diro, G.T.; Grimes, D.I.F.; Black, E. 2010. Teleconnections between Ethiopian summer rainfall and sea surface temperature: part I—observation and modelling. Climate Dynamics doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0837-8

Diro,G.T.; Grimes, D.I.F.; Black, E. 2010. Teleconnections between Ethiopian summer rainfall and sea surface temperature: part II. Seasonal forecasting. Climate Dynamics doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0896-x

Diro,G.T.; Grimes, D.; Black, E. 2010. Large scale atmospheric and oceanic features affecting Ethiopian rainfall. African climate and climate change. Williams, C.; Kniveton, D.R. (eds.). Series: Advances in Global Change Research, Springer

Ebinger, C.J.; Ayele, A.; Keir, D.; Rowland, J.; Yirgu, G.; Wright, T.; Belachew, M.; Hamling,I.2010. Time and length scales of rift faulting and magma intrusion: the 2005-present afar

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rifting cycle. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 38

Farneti,R.; Delworth, T.L.; Rosati, A.J.; Griffies, S.M.; Zang, F. 2010. The role of mesoscale eddies in the rectification of the Southern Ocean response to climate change. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 401539-1557

Farneti,R.; Delworth, T.L. 2010. The role of mesoscale eddies in the remote oceanic response to altered Southern Hemisphere winds. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 402348-2354

Farneti,R.; Vallis, G.K. 2011. Mechanisms of interdecadal climate variability and the role of ocean-atmosphere coupling. Climate Dyn. 36289-308

Feudale,L.; Shukla, J. 2010. Influence of sea surface temperature on the European heat wave of 2003 summer. Part I: an observational study. Climate Dynamics doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0789-z

Feudale, L.; Shukla, J. 2010. Influence of sea surface temperature on the European heat wave of 2003 summer. Part II: a modeling study. Climate Dynamics doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0788-0

Giorgi,F.2010. Uncertainties in climate change projections, from the global to the regional scale. Eur. Phys. J. Web of Conferences. 9115-129

Giorgi, F.; Coppola, E. 2010. Does the model regional bias affect the projected regional climate change? An analysis of global model projections. Climatic Change Letters 100787-795

Hamling, I.J.; Wright, T.J.; Calais, E.; Bennati, L.; Lewi, E. 2010. Stress transfer between thirteen successive dyke intrusions in Ethiopia. Nature Geoscience doi:10.1038/ngeo967

Im, E.-S.; Coppola E.; Giorgi, F.; Bi, X. 2010. Validation of a high resolution regional climate model for the Alpine region and effects of a subgrid-scale topography and land use representation. J. Climate 231854-1873

Im,E.-S.; Coppola,E.; Giorgi,F.; Bi,X. 2010. Local vs. remote effects of climate change over the Alpine region: A study with a high resolution regional climate model with a surrogate climate change scenario. Geophys. Res. Lett. 37L05704 doi:10.1029/2009GL041465

Ismail-Zadeh, A.; Aoudia, A.; Panza, G.F. 2010. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of contemporary mantle flow and tectonic stress beneath the Central Mediterranean. Tectonophysics. 482226-236

Johnson, M.S.; Meskhidze, N.; SolmonF.; et al. 2010. Modeling dust and soluble iron deposition to the South Atlantic Ocean. J. Geophys. Res. 115D15202 doi:10.1029/2009JD013311

Jung, T.; Balsamo, G.; Bechtold, P.; Beljaars, A.; Kohler, M.; Miller, M.; Morcrette, J.-J.; Orr, A.; Rodwell, M.J.; Tompkins,A.M. 2010: The ECMWF Model Climate: recent progress through improved physical parametrizations. Quart. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. 136, 1145–1160

King, M. P.; Kucharski, F.; Molteni, F. 2010. The roles of external forcings and internal variabilities in the Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation change from the 1960s to the 1990s. J. Climate 236200-6220 doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3239.1

Kjellstrom, E.; Giorgi,F. 2010. Introduction to the special issue on “Regional climate model evaluation and weighting”. Climate Res. 44117-119

Kroeger, J.; Kucharski,F. 2010. Sensitivity of ENSO characteristics to a new interactive flux correction scheme in a coupled GCM. Climate Dyn. doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0759-5

Kucharski,F. 2010. Tropical Atlantic influences on the Indian ocean, South-Asian monsoon and the Enso-monsoon relationship. Guest Article in APCC Newsletters 5No. 4

Kucharski, F.; Bracco, A.; Barimalala, R.; Yoo, J.H. 2010. Contribution of the east-west

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thermal heating contrast to the South Asian Monsoon and consequences for its variability. Climate Dyn. doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0858-3

Kucharski, F.; Kang, I.-S.; Straus, D.; King, M.P. 2010. Meeting Summary: Conference on teleconnections in the atmosphere and oceans. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 91(3)381-383 doi:10.1175/2009BAMS2834.1

Liousse, C.; Guillaume, B.; Grégoire, J.M.; Mallet, M.; Galy, C.; Pont, V.; Akpo, A.; Bedou, M.; Castéra, P.; Dungall, L.; Gardrat, E.; Granier, C.; Konaré, A.; Malavelle, F.; Mariscal, A.; Mieville, A.; Rosset, R.; Serça, D.; Solmon, F.; Tummon, F.; Assamoi, E.; Yoboué, V.; Van Velthoven, P. 2010. Updated African biomass burning emission inventories in the framework of the AMMA-IDAF program, with an evaluation of combustion aerosols. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 109631-9646

Lowe,R.; Bailey, T.C.; Stephenson, D.B.; Graham, R.; Coelho, C.A.S.; Sá Carvalho, M.; Barcellos, C. 2010 Spatio-temporal modelling of climate-sensitive disease risk: towards an early warning system for dengue in Brazil. Computers & Geosciences doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2010.01.008

Melaku Canu, D.; Solidoro, C.; Cossarini, G.; Giorgi,F. 2010. Effect of global change on bivalve rearing activity and need of implementation of adaptive management. Climate Res. 42 13-26

Molteni, F.; King, M.P.; Kucharski,F.; Straus, D.M. 2010. Planetary-scale variability in the northern winter and the impact of thermal land-sea contrast. Climate Dyn. doi:10.1007/s00382-010-0906-z

Nekrasova, N.; Kossobokov, V.; Aoudia, A.; Peresan, A.; Panza, G.F. 2010. A multiscale application of the unified scaling law for earthquakes in the central Mediterranean area and Alpine region. Pure and App. Geophys. 168297-327

Piani,C.; Haerter, J.O.; Coppola,E. 2010. Statistical bias correction for daily precipitation in regional climate models over Europe. Theoretical and Applied Climatology doi:10.1007/s00704-009-0134-9

Rauscher,S.A.; Coppola,E.; Piani,C.; Giorgi,F. 2010. Resolution effects on regional climate model simulations over Europe. Clim. Dynam. 35685-711

Sanai Li; Wheeler T.R.; Challinor A.J.; Yinglong Xu; Erda Lin; Hui Ju. 2010. Investigating the impacts of global warming on wheat in China using a large area crop mode. Acta Meteorologica Sinica 24123-135

SanaiLi; Wheeler T.R.; Challinor A.J; Erda Lin; Hui Ju. 2010. The observed relationship between crop and climate in China. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 1501412-1419

Santese M.; Perrone, M.R.; Zakey, A.S.; De Tomasi, F.; Giorgi,F. 2010. Modeling of Saharan dust outbreaks over the Mediterranean by RegCM3: case studies. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10133-156

Shi, Y.; Gao, X.J.; Wu, J.; Giorgi,F. 2010. Simulating future climate changes over North China with a high resolution regional climate model. Journal of Applied Meteorological Science 21580-589

Shi, Y.; Gao, X.J.; Wu, J.; Giorgi,F.; Dong, W.J. 2010. Simulation of the changes in snow cover over China under global warming by a high resolution RCM. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology 32215-222

Syed F.S.; Giorgi, F.; Pal, J.S.; Keay, K. 2010. Regional climate model simulation of winter climate over central Southwest Asia, with emphasis on NAO and ENSO effects. Int. J. Climatol. 30220-235

Syed, F.S.; Yoo, J.H.; Koernlich, H.; Kucharski,F.2010. Are intraseasonal summer rainfall events micro monsoon-onsets over the western edge of the South-Asian monsoon?

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Atmospheric Research 98341-346 doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.210.07.006

Sylla, M.B.; Coppola, E.; Mariotti, L.; Giorgi F.; Ruti, P.M.; Dell’Aquila, A.; Bi, X. 2010. Multiyear simulation of the African climate using Regional Climate Model (RegCM3) with the high resolution ERA-Interim Reanalysis. Clim. Dynam. 35231-247

Sylla,M.B.; Dell’Aquila, A.; Ruti, P.M.; Giorgi,F. 2010. Simulation of the intraseasonal and the interannual variability of rainfall over West Africa with RegCM3 during the monsoon period. Int. J. Clim. 301865-1883

Sylla, M.B.; Gaye, A.T.; Jenkins, G.S.; Pal, J.S.; Giorgi, F. 2010. Consistency of projected drought over the Sahel with changes in the monsoon circulation and extremes in RegCM3 projections. J. Geophys. Res. 115D16108

Tompkins,A.M.; Feudale,L. 2010. Seasonal ensemble predictions of West African monsoon precipitation in the ECMWF system 3 with a focus on the AMMA Special Observing Period in 2006. Weather and Forecasting 25768–788

Tummon, F.; Solmon,F.; Liousse, C.; Tadross, M. 2010. Simulation of the direct and semidirect aerosol effects on the southern Africa regional climate during the biomass burning season. J. Geophys. Res. 115D19206, doi:10.1029/2009JD013738

Voelksen, C.; Aoudia,A. 2010. A permanent GPS network in the Alps. Bull. Geodesy Scie. 11-17

Xu, Y.; Gao, X.; Giorgi, F. 2010. Upgrades to the REA method for producing probabilistic climate change projections. Climate Res. 4161-81

Yadav, R.K.; Yoo, J.H.; Kucharski,F.2010. Why is ENSO influencing northwest India winter precipitation in the recent decades? J. Climate 23(8)1979-1993 doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3202.1

Yoo, J. H.; Robertson, A.W.; Kang, I.-S. 2010. Analysis of intraseasonal and interannual variability of the asian summer monsoon using a hidden Markov model. J. Climate 235498–5516 doi:10.1175/2010JCLI3473.1

Zamboni, L.; Mechoso, C.R.; Kucharski, F. 2010. Relationships between upper level circulation over south america and rainfall over south eastern south america: a physical base for seasonal predictions. J. Climate, 23(12)3300-3315, doi:10.1175/2009JCLI3129.1

Zandomeneghi,D.; Kyle, P.; Miller, P.; Snelson, C.; Aster, R. 2010. Seismic tomography of Erebus Volcano (Antarctica). EOS, Transactions American Geophysical Union 916

Zandomeneghi, D.; Voltolini, M.; Mancini, L.; Brun, F.; Dreossi, D.; Polacci, M. 2010. Quantitative analysis of X-ray microtomography images of geomaterials: application to volcanic rocks. Geosphere 6793-804

Zhang, D.; Gao, X.J.; Shi, Y.; Giorgi,F.; Dong, W. 2010. Agriculture-derived land-use effects on climate over China as simulated by a regional climate model. ACTA Meteorologica Sinica 24215-224

In Press (17)

Aoudia,A.; Borghi, A.; Dalla Via, G.; Barzaghi, R.; Sabadini, R. The Castrovillari Fault system and the localized fast creeping between the Southern Apennines and the Calabrian Domain. Annals of Geophysics

Barletta,V.; Bordoni, A.; Aoudia,A.; Sabadini, R. Squeezing more information out of GRACE time series. Global Planetary Change

Farneti,R.; Gent, P.R. 2011. The effects of the eddy-induced advection coefficient in a coarse-resolution coupled climate model. Ocean Modell.

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Feudale,L.; Tompkins,A.M. 2010. A simple bias correction technique for modeled monsoon precipitation applied to West Africa. doi:10.1029/2010GL045909. Geoph. Res. Lett.

Gao, X.; Shi, Y.; Giorgi,F.A high resolution simulation of climate change over China. Science in China, Series D – Earth Sciences

Griffies, S.M.; Winton, M.; Donner, L.J.; Downes, S.; Farneti,R.; Gnanadesikan, G.; Horowitz, L.W.; Hurlin, W.; Lee, H.C.; Palter, J.B.; Samuels, B.L.; Wittenberg, A.; Wyman, B.L.; Yin, J. 2011. GFDL’s CM3 coupled climate model: characteristics of the ocean and sea ice simulations. J. Climate

Guidarelli,M.; Stuart, G.; Hammond, J.O.S.; Kendall, J.M.; Ayele, A.; Belachew, M. Surface wave tomography across Afar, Ethiopia: locating regions of magma intrusion in the crust. Geoph. Res. Lett.

Herzeg Bulic I.; Brankovic, C.; Kucharski, F. Winter ENSO teleconnections in a warmer climate. Climate Dyn.

Kucharski,F.; Kang, I.-S.; Farneti,R.; Feudale,L. Tropical Pacific response to 20th century Atlantic warming. Geoph. Res. Lett.

Malavelle, F.; Pont, V.; Mallet, M.; Solmon, F.; Johnson, B.; Leon, J. F.; Liousse C. 2011. Simulation of aerosol radiative effects over West Africa during DABEX and AMMA SOP-0, J. Geophys. Res. doi:10.1029/2010JD014829

Mallet M.; Gomes, L.; Solmon,F.; Sellegri, K.; Pont, V.; Roger, J.C.; Missamou, T.; Piazzola, J. Calculation of key optical properties of the main anthropogenic aerosols over the Western French coastal Mediterranean Sea. Atmos. Res.

Paeth, H.; Giorgi,F.; et al. Progress in regional downscaling of West Africa precipitation. Atmospheric Science Letters

Rauscher, S.A.; Kucharski,F.; Enfield, D. The role of regional SST warming variations in the drying of meso-America in future climate projections. J. Climate

Ruti, P.M.; GiorgiF., et al. Modeling the West Africa climate system: systematic errors and future steps. Atmospheric Science Letters

Torma, C.; Coppola,E.; Giorgi,F.; et al. Validation of a high resolution version of the regional climate model RegCM3 over the Carpathian Basin. Journal of Hydrometeorology

Voltolini, M.; Zandomeneghi,D.; Mancini, L.; Polacci, M. Texture analysis of volcanic rock samples: quantitative study of crystal and vesicles shape preferred orientation from X-ray microtomography data. Journal of Geophysical Research

Zampieri, M.; Giorgi, F.; Lionello, P.; Nikulin, G. Regional climate change in the northern Adriatic. Phys. Chem. Earth

Submitted (22)

Aoudia,A.; Borghi,A.; Barletta,V.; Cannizaro, L.; Walpersdorf, A.; Voelksen, C.; Barzaghi, R. Horizontal and vertical CGPS velocity fields and the active deformation of the European Alps. Nature Geosciences

Barimalala, R.; Bracco, A.; Kucharski,F. The representation of the South Tropical Atlantic teleconnection to the Indian Ocean in the AR4 coupled models. Climate Dyn.

Borghi,A.; Aoudia,A. Continental deformation at the junction between the southeastern Alps and the external Dinarides. Geophys. J. Int.

Clevede, E.; Bukchin, B.; Favreau, P.; Mostinsky, A.; Aoudia, A.; Panza, G.F. Long-period

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spectral features of the Sumatra-Andaman 2004 earthquake rupture process. Geophys. J. Int.

Downes, S. M.; Budnick, A.; Sarmiento, J.L.; Farneti,R. 2011. Impacts of wind stress on the Antarctic Circumpolar Current fronts and associated subduction. Geophys. Res. Lett.

Farneti,R.; Vallis, G.K. 2011. Meridional energy transport in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system: Compensation and partitioning. J. Climate

Feudale,L.; KucharskiF.Mechanism Connecting African and Indian Monsoon Megadroughts. J. Climate

Ferguson, D.J.; Barnie, T.D.; Pyle, D.M.; Oppenheimer, C.; Yirgu, G.; Lewi, E.; Kidane, T.; Carne, S.;Hamling,I. Rift related volcanism in Afar Ethiopia rift. EPSL

Giorgi F.; Im, E.-S.; Coppola, E.; Diffenbaugh, N.S.; Gao X.J.; Mariotti, L.; Shi, Y. Higher hydroclimatic intensity with global warming. J. Climate

Hosny, A.; Sherif M. El Hady; Guidarelli, M.; Panza, G.F. Source moment tensors of the earthquake swarm in Abu-Dabbab area, South-East Egypt: evidence of transient igneous activity. PAGEOPH

Justino, F.; Stordal, F.; Clement, A.; Coppola,E.; Setzer, A; Chaves, E.; Rodrigues, P.; Brumatti D.; Costa, L. Modelling current and global warming-induced fire risk in Africa . J. Geoph. Res.

Losada, T.; Rodriguez-Fonseca, B.; Kucharski, F. Tropical influence on the summer Mediterranean climate. Atmospheric Science Letters

Mariotti,L.; Coppola,E.; Sylla,M.B.; Giorgi,F.; Piani,C. Regional climate model simulation of projected 21st century climate change over an all-Africa domain: comparison analysis of nested and riving model results. Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research.

Meredith, M.P.; Naveira Garabato, A.C.; Hogg, A. McC.; Farneti,R. 2011. Sensitivity of the overturning circulation in the Southern Ocean to climate change. J. Climate

Nogherotto, R.; Coppola.E.; Giorgi,F.; Mariotti,L. Impact of deforestation of the Congo basin on the African monsoon climates. Atmospheric Science Letters

Shaffrey, L.; Diro,G.T.; Toniazzo, T. 2010. Ethiopian rainfall in climate models. African climate and climate change: physical, social and political perspectives, Williams, C.; Kniveton, D.R. (eds.). Series: Advances in Global Change Research. Springer

Shalaby, A.; Zakey, A.S.; Steiner, A.L.; Giorgi,F.; Stordal, F.; Silman, S.; Zaveru, R. Implementation and evaluation of on-line gas-phase chemistry within a regional climate model (RegCM-CHEM). Submitted to Atmospheric Environment

Sylla,M.B.; Giorgi,F.; Ruti, P.M.; Calmanti, S.; Dell’Aquila, A. The impact of deep convection on the West African summer monsoon climate: a regional climate model sensitivity study. Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

Rodo, X.; GiorgiF. et al. Climate change and infectious diseases: can we meet the needs for better predictions? Climatic Change

Zamboni, L.; Kucharski F.; Mechoso, C.R. Seasonal variations of the links between the interannual variability of South America and the South Pacific. Climate Dyn.

Zandomeneghi,D.; Guidarelli,M.; Aoudia,A.Seismic noise correlation and group velocity study of the Cameroon volcanic line, West Africa. Geophys. J. Int.

Zanis, P.; Katragkou, E.; Tegulias, I.; Popkou, A.; Melas, D.; Giorgi,F. Validation of near-surface ozone in air quality simulations forced by a regional climate model over Europe for the period 1991-2000. Atmos. Enviro.

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Published (34)

Boaga, J.; Vaccari, F.; Panza,G.F.2010. Shear wave structural models of Venice Plain, Italy, from time cross correlation of seismic noise. Engineering Geology. 116189-195

Brandmayr, E.; Raykova, R.; Zuri, M.; Romanelli, F.; Doglioni, C.; Panza, G.F. 2010. The lithosphere in Italy: structure and seismicity. Beltrando, M.; Peccerillo, A.; Mattei, M.; Conticelli, S.; Doglioni, C. (eds.) The Geology of Italy, Journal of the Virtual Explorer, electronic edition, ISSN36 1441-8142 paper 1

Davis, C.A.; Keilis-Borok, V.; Molchan,G.; Shebalin, P.; Lahr, P.; Plumb, C. 2010. Earthquake prediction and disaster preparedness: Interactive analysis. Natural Hazards Review ASCE 11173-184

Fang, L.; Wu, J.; Ding, Z.; Panza,G.F. 2010. High resolution Rayleigh wave group velocity tomography in North China from ambient seismic noise. Geophys. J. Int. 1811171-1182

Fang, L.; Wu, J.; Ding, Z.; Wang, W.; Panza,G.F. 2010. Crustal velocity structures beneath North China revealed by ambient noise tomography. Earthquake Science 23(5) 477-486. doi:10.1007/s11589-010-0746-2

Gorshkov, A.I.; Soloviev, A.A.; Jimènez, M.J.; Garcìa-Fernàndez, M.; Panza, G.F. 2010. Recognition of earthquake-prone areas (M ≥ 5.0) in the Iberian Peninsula. Springer, Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei 21131-162

Harbi, A.; Peresan, A.; Panza,G.F.2010. Seismicity of eastern Algeria: a revised and extended earthquake catalogue. Nat. Hazards Springer 1-23

Keilis-Borok, V.I.; Soloviev, A.A. 2010. Variations of trends of indicators describing complex systems: change of scaling precursory to extreme events. Chaos 20 033104 doi:10.1063/1.3463438

Indirli, M.; Razafindrakoto, H.; Romanelli, F.; Puglisi, C.; Lanzoni, L.; Milani, E.; Munari, M.; Apablaza, S. 2010. Hazard evaluation in Valparaíso: the MAR VASTO Project. Pure and Applied Geophysics. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0164-3

Ismail-Zadeh, A.; Aoudia, A.; Panza, G.F. 2010. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of contemporary mantle flow and tectonic stress beneath the Central Mediterranean. Tectonophysics 482226-236

La Mura, C.; Yanovskaya, T.B.; Romanelli, F.; PanzaG.F. 2010. Three-dimensional seismic wave propagation by modal summation: method and validation. Pure and Applied Geophysics. doi: 10.1007/s00024-010-0165-.2

Molchan,G. 2010. Space-time earthquake prediction: the error diagrams. Pure and Appl. Geophys. 167907-917

Molchan,G.; Romashkova, L. 2010. Earthquake prediction analysis based on empirical seismic rate: the M8 algorithm. Geophys. J. Int. 1831525-1537

Molchan,G.; Kronrod, T.; Panza,G.F. 2010. Hot-cold spots in Italian macroseismic data. Pure and Appl. Geophys. doi: 10.1007/s00024-010-0111-3

Nekrasova, A.; Kossobokov, V.; Peresan, A.; Aoudia, A.; Panza, G.F. 2010. A multiscale application of the unified scaling law for earthquakes in the central Mediterranean area and Alpine region. Pure and Appl. Geophys. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0163-4

Nunziata, C.; Sacco, C.; PanzaG.F. 2010. Modeling of ground motion at Napoli for the 1688 scenario earthquake. Pure and Appl. Geophys. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0113-1

Nunziata, C.; Vaccari, F.; Panza,G.F. 2010. The Mw 6.3, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake: linear

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and nonlinear site effects. Mazzolani (ed.) Proceedings: urban habitat constructions under catastrophic events. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, 99-104

Nunziata, C.; De Nisco, G.; Costanzo, M.R.; Vaccari, F.; Panza,G.F. 2010. Measurements of shear wave velocities for seismic and volcanic hazard assessment in urban areas. Mazzolani (ed.) Proceedings: urban habitat constructions under catastrophic events. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, 163-168

Panza, G.F. 2010. Verso una società preparata alle calamità ambientali: il terremoto. Prolusione tenuta in occasione della inaugurazione dell’Anno Accademico 2009-2010 della Università di Trieste. Geoitalia. 3224-31 doi:10.1474/Geoitalia-32-01

Panza,G.F.; Doglioni, C.; Levshin, A. 2010. Asymmetric ocean basins. Geology 38, 1, 59-62

Panza, G.F.; Irikura, K.; Kouteva, M.; Peresan, A.; Wang, Z.; Saragoni, R. 2010. Advanced seismic hazard assessment. Pure and Appl. Geophys. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0179-9

Panza,G.F.; Peresan, A.; Zuccolo E. 2010. Climatic modulation of seismicity in the Alpine-Himalayan mountain ranges. Terra Nova 1-7 doi:10.1111/j.1365-3121.2010.00976.x

Panza,G.F.; Radulian, M.; Kronrod, T.; Paskaleva, I.; Radovanovic, S.I.; Popa, M.; Drumea, A.; Gribovszki, K.; Dojchinovski, D.; Kouteva, M.; Varga, P.; Pekevski, L. 2010. Integrated unified mapping of the Vrancea macroseismic data for the CEI region. CD: 14th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings, Ohrid, Republic of Macedonia 30.08.2010 - 03.09.2010 ISBN 978-608-65185-1-6, paper 301

Parvez, I.A.; Romanelli, F.; PanzaG.F.2010. Long period ground motion at bedrock level in Delhi city from Himalayan earthquake scenarios. Pure and Appl. Geophys. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0162-5

Paskaleva, I.; Kouteva, M.; Vaccari, F.; Panza G.F. 2010. Some contributions of the neo-deterministic seismic hazard assessment approach to the earthquake risk assessment for the city of Sofia. Pure and Appl. Geophys. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0127-8

Paskaleva, I.; Kouteva, M.; Vaccari, F.; Panza, G.F. 2010. Characterization of the elastic displacement demand: case study – Sofia city. Proc. 50th Int. Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. San Diego, California, 24-29 May 2010, paper 6.06b

Peresan, A.; Zuccolo, E.; Vaccari, F.; Gorshkov, A.; Panza,G.F. 2010. Neo-deterministic seismic hazard and pattern recognition techniques: time-dependent scenarios for north-eastern Italy. Pure and Appl. Geophys. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0166-1

Plastino, W.; Panza,G.F.; Doglioni, C.; Frezzotti, M.L.; Peccerillo, A.; De Felice, P.; Bella, F.; Povinec, P.P.; Nisi, S.; Ioannucci, L.; Aprili, P.; Balata, M.; Cozzella, M.L.; Laubenstein, M. 2010. Uranium groundwater anomalies and active normal faulting. Akademiai Kiado, Budapest, Hungary 2010, Springer doi:10.1007/s10967-010-0876-y

Raykova, R.B.; Panza G.F. 2010. The shear-wave velocity structure of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system in the Iberian area and surroundings. Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei. 21183–231 Springer

Riguzzi, F.; Panza,G.F.; Varga P.; Doglioni, C. 2010. Can Earth’s rotation and tidal despinning drive plate tectonics? Tectonophysics 48460-73

Romanelli, F.; Peresan, A.; Vaccari, F.; Panza,G.F.2010. Scenarios based earthquake hazard assessment. Mazzolani (ed.) Proceedings: urban habitat constructions under catastrophic events. © 2010 Taylor & Francis Group, London, 105-110

Saraò, A.; Cocina, O.; Privitera, E.; Panza,G.F. 2010. The dynamics of the 2001 Etna eruption as seen by full moment tensor analysis. Geophys. J. Int. 181951-965

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Vaccari, V.; Walling, M.Y.; Mohanty, W.K.; Nath, S.K.; Verma, A.K.; Sengupta, A.; PanzaG.F.2010. Site specific modelling of SH and P-SV waves for microzonation study of Kolkata metropolitan city, India. Pure and Appl. Geophys. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0141-x

Zuccolo, E.; Vaccari, F.; Peresan, A.; Panza, G.F. 2010. Neo-deterministic (NDSHA) and probabilistic (PSHA) seismic hazard assessments: a comparison over the Italian territory. Pure and Appl. Geophys. doi:10.1007/s00024-010-0151-8

APPLIeD PHYsICs

AERONOMY AND RADIOPROPAGATION LABORATORY

AERONOMY SECTION

Published (2)

Oladipo, O.A.; Adeniyi, J.O.; Radicella,S.M.; Adimula, I.A. 2010. Variability of the ionospheric electron density at fixed heights and validation of IRI-2007 profile’s prediction at Ilorin. Advances on Space Research. doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.09.021

Moreno, B.; Radicella,S.M.; de Lacy, M. C.; Herraiz, M.; Rodriguez-Caderot, G. 2010. On the effects of the ionospheric disturbances on precise point positioning at equatorial latitudes. GPS Solutions. doi10.1007/s10291-010-0197-1

In Press (1)

Nava, B.; RadicellaS.M.; Azpilicueta F. 2010. Data ingestion into NeQuick 2. Radio Science

AERONOMY AND RADIOPROPAGATION LABORATORY

RADIOCOMMUNICATION SECTION

Published (5)

Zennaro,M.; Bagula, A.; Gascon D.; Bielsa Noveleta, A. 2010. Planning and deploying long distance wireless sensor networks: the integration of simulation and experimentation lecture notes in computer science. LNCS 6288 191–204

Zennaro,M.; Bagula, A. 2010. Design of a flexible and robust gateway to collect sensor data in intermittent power environments. International Journal of Sensor Networks

Bagula, A.; Osunmakinde I.; Zennaro,M. 2010. On the relevance of using Bayesian belief networks in wireless sensor networks situation recognition. Sensors

Gascon, D.; Bielsa, A.; Zennaro, M.; Bagula, A. 2010. Experimental evaluation of radio transceivers for sensor networks in harsh environments. Proceedings of the EWSN2010 Conference

Zennaro,M.; Bagula, A.; Gascon, D.; Bielsa A. 2010. Long distance wireless sensor networks: simulation vs. reality. Proceedings of NSDR ’10 San Francisco, California, USA

BIOSCIENCES

Published (8)

Chela-Flores,J. 2010. Instrumentation for the search of habitable ecosystems in the future exploration of Europa and Ganymede. International Journal of Astrobiology 9101-108

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Chela-Flores,J. 2010. From the Moon to the Moons: Encedalus and Europa. The search for life and reliable biomarkers. Journal of Cosmology 5971-981

Dudeja, S.; Bhattacherjee, A.B.; Chela-Flores,J.2010. Microbial mats in Antarctica as models for the search of life on the Jovian moon Europa. J. Seckbach and A. Oren (eds.) Microbial Mats, in the COLE series, Springer, 545-561

Gowen, R.A.; Smith, A.; Fortes, A.D.; Barber, S.; Brown, P.; Church, P.; Collinson, G.; Coates, A.J.; Collins, G.; Crawford, I.A.; Dehant, V.; Chela-Flores,J.; Griffiths, A.D.; Grindrod, P.M.; Gurvits, L.I.; Hagermann, A.; Hussmann, H.; Jaumann, R.; Jones, A.P.; Joy. A.; Sephton K.H.; Karatekin, O.; Miljkovic, K.; Palomba, E.; Pike, W.T.; Prieto-Ballesteros, O.; Raulin, F.; Sephton, M.A.; Sheridan, M.S.; Sims, M.; Storrie-Lombardi, M.C.; Ambrosi, R.; Fielding, J.; Fraser, G.; Gao, Y.; Jones, G.H.; Kargl, Karl, W.J.; Macagnano, A.; Mukherjee, A.; Muller, J.P.; Phipps, A.; Pullan, D.; Richter, L.; Sohl, F.; Snape, J.; Sykes, J.; Wells, N. 2010. Penetrators for in situ sub-surface investigations of Europa. Advances in Space Research doi:10.1016/j.asr.2010.06.026

Seckbach, J.; Chela-Flores,J.2011. Astrobiology: from extremophiles in the Solar System to extraterrestrial civilizations. A-T. Tymieniecka and A. Grandpierre (eds.) Astronomy and Civilization in the New Enlightenment, Series Analecta Husserliana. Springer, 107 237-246

Tewari, V.C.; ChelaFlores,J. 2010. Possibe role of sulfur on the early diversification of life on Earth: astrobiological implications. K.L. Srivastava (ed.) Economic Mineralisation Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India, 53-56

Chela-Flores, J.; Montenegro, M.E.; Pugliese, N.; Tewari, V.C.; Tuniz, C. 2010. Evolution of plant-animal interactions. J. Seckbach and Z. Dubinsky (eds.). All flesh is grass: Plant-Animal Interactions, a love-hate affair. Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 9-34

Seckbach, J.; Ericksson, P.G.; Walsh, M.M.; Oren, A.; Chela-Flores,J. 2010. Microbial mats: summary and conclusions. J. Seckbach and A. Oren (eds.) Microbial Mats, Springer, 585-590

In Press (5)

Chela Flores, J.; Tewari, V.C. 2010. The sulfur cycle on the early Earth: implications for the search of life on Europa and elsewhere. J. Seckbach and V. Tewari (eds.) Stromatolites, Springer

Aretxaga-Burgos, R.; Chela-Flores,J.2011. Cultural implications of the search and eventual discovery of a second genesis., J. Seckbach and R. Gordon (eds.). Origins: Genesis, Evolution and Diversity of Life (2nd Edition), Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats and astrobiology, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands

De Vladar, H.P.; Chela-Flores,J.2011. Can the evolution of multicellularity be anticipated in the exploration of the Solar System? A. Hanslmeier, S. Kempe and J. Seckbach (eds.) Earth and Other Planets In View Of Biogenesis, Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats and astrobiology, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands

Dudeja, S.; Bhattacherjee, A.B.; Chela-Flores,J. 2011. Antarctica as model for the possible emergence of life on Europa. A. Hanslmeier, S. Kempe, J. Seckbach (eds.) Genesis: origin of life on earth and planets, Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats and astrobiology, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands

Chela-Flores,J. 2011. The science of astrobiology a personal point of view on learning to read the book of life (2nd edition). Cellular origin, life in extreme habitats and astrobiology, Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 360

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FLUID DYNAMICS

Published (4)

Niemela,J.J. 2010. Features of classical and quantum fluid flows extending to micro- and nano-scales. A. Aldea and V. Barsan (eds.) Trends in Nanophysics. Springer 351-364

Niemela, J.J.; Sreenivasan, K.R. 2010. Turbulent rotating convection at high Rayleigh and Taylor numbers. Journal of Fluid Mechanics 649 509-522

Niemela, J.J.; Sreenivasan, K.R. 2010. Does confined turbulent convection ever attain the ‘asymptotic scaling’ with ½ power? New J. Phys. 12115002

Niemela,J.J.2010. Cryogenic techniques applied to fluid turbulence. Phys. Scr. T142014070

Abarzhi, S.I.; Gauthier, S.; Niemela,J.J. (eds.) 2010. Turbulent mixing and beyond. Phys. Scr. T142011001

OPTICS AND LASERS

Published (4)

Allaria, E.; Danailov, M.; De Ninno G. 2010. Tunability of a seeded free-electron laser through frequency pulling. Europhysics Letters 8964005

Voitikov, S.; Demidovich, A.A.; Grabtchikov, A.S.; Shpak, P.V.; Danailov, M.B.; Orlovich, V.A. 2010. Two-Stokes generation and effect of multiwave mixing on output pulse parameters of a Q-switched Raman microchip laser. JOSA B 271232-1241

Shpak, P.V.; Demidovich, A.A.; Danailov, M.B.; Grabtchikov, A.S.; Vatnik, S.M.; Hung, N.D.; Bagaev, S.N.; Orlovich, V.A. 2010. Generation of multi-frequency radiation in pulsed microchip laser with Raman conversion. Laser Physics Letters 7555-559

Cherif, R.; Zghal, M.; Nikolov, I.; Danailov, M. 2010. High energy femtosecond supercontinuum light generation in large mode area photonic crystal fiber. Optics Communications 2834378–4382

In Press (1)

Lukin, A.; Danailov, M.B.; Machekhin, Yu.P.; Tatyanko, D.N. Application of spectral interferometry method for micro- and nanodistances measurements. Radiofisika i Elektronika (in Russian)

MULTIDISCIPLINARY LABORATORY

Published (19)

Adeluyi, O.; Crespo,M.L.; Cicuttin,A.; Bhowmick, D.; Debnath, D.; Sen, A. 2010. The use of reconfigurable virtual instruments for low noise, high resolution charge sensitive amplification. Proceedings of Programme, FPGAworld’2010, Stockholm on 2010 September 8 at Electrum Kista, Stockholm, Sweden

Adeluyi, O.; Crespo,M.L.; Cicuttin,A.; Risco Castillo M. 2010. Reconfigurable standard and ad-hoc instrumentation using an FPGA Platform. Proceedings of Programme FPGAworld’2010, Stockholm on 2010 September 8 at Electrum Kista, Stockholm, Sweden

Alekseev, M.; Cicuttin,A.; Crespo,M.L.; et al. [COMPASS Collaboration]. 2010. Observation of a J**PC = 1-+ exotic resonance in diffractive dissociation of 190-GeV/c pi- into pi- pi- pi+,

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10 pp. Physical Review Letters 104241803 doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.241803

Alekseev, M.; Cicuttin,A.; Crespo,M.L.; et al. [COMPASS Collaboration]. 2010. The spin-dependent structure function of the Proton g_1^p and a Test of the Bjorken Sum Rule. Phys. Lett. B 690466-472

Alekseev, M.; Cicuttin,A.; Crespo,M.L.; et al. [COMPASS Collaboration]. 2010. Measurement of the Collins and Sivers asymmetries on transversely polarised protons. Phys. Lett. B 692240-246

Alekseev, M.; Cicuttin,A.; Crespo,M.L.; et al. [COMPASS Collaboration]. 2010. Azimuthal asymmetries of charged hadrons produced by high-energy muons scattered off longitudinally polarised deuterons. The European Physical Journal C 7039–49 doi:I 10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1461-9

Alekseev, M.; Cicuttin,A.; Crespo,M.L.; et al. [COMPASS Collaboration]. 2010. Quark helicity distributions from longitudinal spin asymmetries in muon–proton and muon–deuteron scattering. Phys. Lett. B 693227–235

Bernardini, F.; Eichert, D.; Lenaz, D.; De Min, A.; Tuniz,C.; Velušček, A.; Montagnari Kokelj E. 2010. Synchrotron FTIR Micro-Spectroscopy applied to the study of polished serpentinite artefacts: a non destructive analytical approach. Archaeometry, Oxford, UK

Bernardini, F.; de Min, A.; Eichert, D.; Alberti, A.; Demarchi, G.; Veluscek, A.; Tuniz, C.; Montagnari Kokelj, E. 2010. Shaft-hole axes from Caput Adriae: mineralogical and chemical constraints about the provenance of serpentinitic artefacts. Archaeometry, Oxford, UK

Bernardini, F.; De Min, A.; Eichert, D.; Montagnari Kokelj, E. 2010. Le asce forate in serpentinite scoperte nel Caput Adriae: implicazioni archeologiche. VI Congresso Nazionale di Archeometria (AIAr) (Pavia, 15-18 febbraio 2010), oral communication

Bernardini,F.; De Min, A.; Śída, P.; Velušček, A.; Montagnari Kokelj, E.; Tuniz, C. 2010. A metabasite shaft-hole axe from Grotta Azzurra di Samatorza (Trieste Karst): first evidence of connections between northeastern Italy and central Europe during Neolithic. The 20th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, Budapest, 21-27 August 2010, poster communication

Bernardini,F.; De Min, A.; Velušček, A.; Eichert, D.; Montagnari Kokelj, E.; Tuniz C. 2010. Copper Age polished stone shaft-hole axes in Caput Adriae: archaeological implication. The 20th General Meeting of the International Mineralogical Association, Budapest, 21-27 August 2010, poster communication

Bernardini,F.; Tuniz,C.; De Min, A.; Mendoza Cuevas, A.; Eichert, D.; Montagnari Kokelj, E. 2010. Prehistoric polished stone axes from Italy, Slovenia and Croatia: case studies and archaeometric strategies. 7th International Conference on Science and Technology in Archaeology and Conservation, Amman – Petra, 7-11 December 2010, poster communication

Calcagnile, L.; D’Onofrio, A.; Fedi, M.; Mandò P. A.; Quarta, G.; Terrasi, F.; Tuniz, C. (eds.) 2010. Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B268

Montagnari M.; Budinich, M.; Tuniz C. (eds.) 2010. Science for Cultural Heritage, World Scientific

Tuniz, C.; Gillespie, R.; Jones; C. 2010. I lettori di ossa. Springer, 303 pages, ISBN: 9788847011984

Voltolini, M.; Mancini, L.; Zandomeneghi,D.; Baker, D.; Polacci, M. 2010. Microtomography experiment for rock texture analysis: 3D shape orientation distribution function of crystals and vesicles in volcanic products. EGU General Assembly 2010, Vienna, Austria, 2898

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Zandomeneghi,D.; Mancini, L.; Voltolini, M.; Brun, F.; Polacci, M. 2010. The Pore3D library package for the textural analysis of X-ray computed microtomographic images of rocks. EGU General Assembly 2010, Vienna, Austria, 2898

Zandomeneghi, D.; Voltolini, M.; Mancini, L.; Brun, F.; Dreossi, D.; Polacci, M. 2010. Quantitative analysis of X-ray microtomography images of geomaterials: application to volcanic rocks. Geosphere. 6793-804 doi:10.1130/GES00561

In Press (3)

Bernardini,F.; Eichert, D.; Lenaz, D.; De Min, A.; Tuniz, C., Velušček A.; Montagnari Kokelj, E. Synchrotron FTIR Micro-Spectroscopy applied to the study of polished serpentinite artefacts: a non destructive analytical approach. Archaeometry

Bernardini, F.; Alberti, A.; Demarchi, G.; De Min, A.; Di Remigio, M.; Montagnari Kokelj, E. Polished stone axes from Spaha, A. Velušček (ed.) Spaha, Opera Instituti Archaeologici Sloveniae

Gribkov,V.; Latyshev, S.; Miklaszewski, R.; Chernyshova, M.; Prokopowicz, R.; Scholz, M.; Drozdowicz, K.; Wiącek, U.; Gabańska, B.; Dworak, D.; Pytel, K.; Zawadka, A.; Ramos Aruca, M.; Longo, F.; Giannini, G.; Tuniz,C. Monte Carlo simulations of powerful neutron interaction with matter for the goals of disclosure of hidden explosives and fissile materials and for treatment of cancer diseases versus their experimental verifications. InTech Pub. Vienna, Austria

Submitted (5)

Adeluyi, O.; Risco Castillo, M.; Cicuttin, A.; Crespo, M.L.; Sangman-Moh; Jeong-A Lee. Reconfigurable on-demand medicine: A bio-inspired virtual instrumentation approach to patient care. Sensors Applications Symposium, San Antonio, Texas, Feb 22-24, 2011

Adeluyi, O.; Risco Castillo, M.; Cicuttin, A.; Crespo, M.L.; Sangman-Moh; Jeong-A Lee. Developing a parallel computing paradigm in structured and unstructured teaching environments. Workshop on computer architecture education & integrating parallelism throughout the undergraduate computing curriculum, San Antonio, Texas, Feb 12-16, 2011

Capasso, L.; Tuniz,C.; Arensburg, B.; Mancini, L.; Cesana, D. T.; Dreossi D.; D’Anastasio, R. Hyoid bone’s microstructure and origin of human language. Journal of Human Evolution.

Tuniz,C.; Bernardini, F.; Turk, I.; Dimkaroski, L.; Mancini, L.; Dreossi, D. Did neanderthals play music? X-ray micro-computed tomography of the Divje babe “flute”. Archaeometry.

Tuniz,C.; Bernardini, F.; Mancini, L.; Dreossi, D.; Terrasi, F.; De Rosa; Qua, H.’ Levchenko, V.; Coppa, A. Stone age dentistry, early use of beeswax to repair a tooth in prehistoric Istria 6500 years ago.

SCIENCE DISSEMINATION UNIT

Published (1)

Canessa,E.; Zennaro,M. (eds.). 2010. m-Science: Sensing, Computing and Dissemination. Creative Commons, 2010. http://www.m-science.net/book

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PUBLICATIONs

PRePRINTs AND INTeRNAL RePORTs

In 2010, ICTP produced 115 preprints.

Explanatory Note

The names of scientists who participated in the research activities of ICTP in 2010 and submitted their articles for publication are indicated by country codes which stand for their countries of origin.

Country codes follow the list of “Standard country or area codes and geographical regions for statistical use” of the UN Statistics Division:

AUS Australia

AUT Austria

BDI Burundi

BEN Benin

BGD Bangladesh

BGR Bulgaria

CAN Canada

CHN China

CMR Cameroon

COG Congo

CUB Cuba

DEU Germany

DZA Algeria

ESP Spain

GBR United Kingdom

GIN Guinea

GTM Guatemala

IND India

IRN Iran

IRQ Iraq

ITA Italy

JPN Japan

KEN Kenya

KOR Republic of Korea

MAR Morocco

MDG Madagascar

MEX Mexico

NGA Nigeria

NPL Nepal

PAK Pakistan

PSE Palestine

ROU Romania

RUS Russian Federation

SDN Sudan

TUN Tunisia

TUR Turkey

UKR Ukraine

UZB Uzbekistan

VNM Viet Nam

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5 May 2011

P u b l i c a t i o n s & P r i n t i n g S e r v i c e sT h e A b d u s S a l a m I n t e r n a t i o n a l C e n t r e f o r T h e o r e t i c a l P h y s i c s

ICTP Serial Number

Applied Physics

AUTHOR COUNTRY TITLE

PREPRINTS AND INTERNAL REPORTS IN

IC/IR/2010/0011 Modeling, test and spice level simulation of a new phase-locked loop for low frequency transceiver

Handique, J. INDKalita, K. INDBezboruah, Tulshi IND

IC/2010/0102 Theoretical analysis of open aperture reflection Z-scan on materials with high-order optical nonlinearities

Vlad, Valentin I. ROUPetris, Adrian I. ROU

IC/2010/0403 Two color bright-bright vector solitons in three level cascade atomic systems

Towers, I.N. Jovanoski, Z. Konar, Swapan IND

IC/2010/0564 A study of neutron production in proton reactions with heavy targets

Nguyen, Mong Giao VNMNguyen, Thi Ai Thu VNMChau, Van Tao VNMTran, Thanh Dung VNM

IC/2010/0575 Screening effect in (p,p) reactions on heavy element targets ^{206}_{82}Pb,^{308}_{92}u,^{184}_{74}w,^(197}_{79}Au

Nguyen, Mong Giao VNMNguyen, Thi Ai Thu VNMLe, Thi Thanh Truc VNM

IC/2010/0636 On the L-infinity description of the Hichin Map

Dalakov, Peter BGR

IC/2010/0647 Studying angular distribution of neutron for (p,n) reaction from 0.5 GeV to 1.5 GeV on some heavy targets !"⁸U, !⁰⁶Pb,#⁹⁷Au, #⁸⁶W

Nguyen, Thi Ai Thu VNMNguyen, Mong Giao VNMTran, Thanh Dung VNMHuynh, Thi Xuan Tham

ICTP Publications & Printing Services, Enrico Fermi Building tel. 040 2240575, email: [email protected] 1

158


5 May 2011


IC/2010/0658 The first step in studying the influence of gamma radiation on magnetic properties of CoFe₂O₄ Nano-particles

Nguyen, Mong Giao VNMNguyen, Lam Thu Trang Nguyen, Thi Ai Thu VNM

IC/2010/0669 The first step in studying the ability of destroying the antibiotics by gamma radiation

Nguyen, Mong Giao VNMTran, Hung Manh Nguyen, Thi Ai Thu VNMNguyen, Quoc Thai Tran, Khac An Tran, Van Hung et al.

IC/2010/06710 Ability of Accelerator- driven system (ADS) to transmute long lived fission fragments

Nguyen, Mong Giao VNMTu, Thanh Danh Huynh, Thi Kim Chi Nguyen, Thi Ai Thu VNM

IC/2010/06911 Studying of the influence of gamma radiation on magnetic properties of Sr, La, Co, Fe ferrite magnetic materials

Nguyen, Mong Giao VNMDoan, Thi Kim Dung Le, Van Phuc Le, Thi Lien Chi

IC/2010/07912 Modulational instability in stochastic optical fibers with higher-order dispersion and delayed Raman response

Alidou, Mohamadou CMRLatckio Tiofack, C.G. CMREkogo, Thierry Blanchard Kofane, Timoleon Crepin

IC/2010/08013 The discrete complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with arbitrarily high-order nonlinearities

Kofane, Timoleon Crepin Alidou, Mohamadou CMRTibi, Beda Doka, Serge Saidou, Adoulkary

IC/2010/08614 A method for measuring retardation based on calibrated curve

Abdalla, Ali Abbaker SDN

IC/2010/10215 Mobile computing: the emerging technology, sensing, challenges and applications

Bezboruah, Tulshi IND


9 May 2011


ICTP Serial Number

Atomic, Molecular



IC/2010/0961 Dynamic stability and thermodynamic characterization in an enzymatic reaction at the single molecule level

Santillan Zeron, Moises MEX


159


5 May 2011


ICTP Serial Number

Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics



IC/2010/0021 Carbon in palladium catalysts: A metastable carbide

Kresse, Georg AUTMittendorfer, Florian AUTSeriani, Nicola ITA

IC/IR/2010/0052 The behavior of evanescent wave metamaterials having negative permittivity and negative permeability

Johri, Manoj INDTiwari, Akhilesh

IC/2010/0083 Deposition of single-phase Cu(ln,Ga)Se₂ thin films from the selenization of thermally evaporated lnSe/Cu/GaSe precursors

Dejene, Francis Birhanu KEN

IC/IR/2010/0104 Modulational instability in stochastic optical fibers with higher-order dispersion and delayed Raman response

Kofane, Timoleon Crepin Atangana, J. Latckio Tiofack, C.G. CMRAlidou, Mohamadou CMRGnetedem, H. Dongmo

IC/2010/0155 Left handed materials: A new paradigm in structured electromagnetics

Johri, Manoj INDPaudyal, Harihar NPL

IC/2010/0176 Rotational excitation of aluminium monofluoride (AlF) by He atom at low temperature

Owono Owono, Luc Calvin CMRGotoum, N. CMRNkem, C. CMRHammami , K. TUNJaïdane, N. TUN

IC/2010/0257 Long-range interactions and wave patterns in a DNA model

Kofane, Timoleon Crepin Tabi, Conrad Bertrand CMRMohamadou, Alidou CMR


160


5 May 2011


IC/2010/0268 Application of the (G'/G)-expansion method to nonlinear blood flow in large vessels

Kol, Guy Richard Tabi, Conrad Bertrand CMR

IC/2010/0279 Wave propagation of coupled modes in the DNA double helix

Kofane, Timoleon Crepin Mohamadou, Alidou CMRTabi, Conrad Bertrand CMR

IC/2010/03110 Dielectric relaxation of water: Theory and experiment

Adhikari, Narayan Prasad NPLPaudyal, Harihar NPLJohri, Manoj IND

IC/2010/03311 Efficient spin injection into semiconductorNahid, Md. Ariful Islam BGD

IC/2010/03412 Layer projected magnetic moments of atoms of a rough surface

Huda, Ain-ul Sarker, D.R. Khan, Omar Faruk Ahmed, Mesbahuddin BGDMookerjee, Abhijit

IC/2010/03613 Empirical model for electron impact ionization of hydrogen

Saha, B.C. Uddin, M.A. Haque, Abul Kalam Fazlul BGDShahjahan, M. Basak, A.K. Talukder, M.R. et al.

IC/2010/04114 Magnetization reversal through soliton in a site-dependent weak ferromagnet

Gopi, Dhanaray INDSaravanan, Manickam INDSathishkumar, Perumal Kavitha, Louis IND

IC/2010/04215 Energy-momentum transport through soliton in a site-dependent ferromagnet

Kavitha, Louis INDSathishkumar, Perumal Gopi, Dhanaray IND


161


9 May 2011


IC/2010/04516 Surface modification of semiconductor photo electrochemical solar cell for improved solar cell performance

Tripathi, Mridula INDUpadhyay, Ruby Kumar, Shiv Datt INDKamlesh, Pandey

IC/2010/04617 Incoherent spatial optical solitons in photorefractive crystals

Towers, I.N. Jovanoski, Z. Konar, Swapan IND

IC/2010/04818 First-principles study of stability of ozone clusters (O₃)n, n=1-6

Adhikari, Narayan Prasad NPL

IC/2010/05219 Exact propagating dromion-like localized wave solutions of a generalised (2+1) dimensional Davey Stewartson equations

Balasubramanian, Srividya Kavitha, Louis INDGopi, Dhanaray IND

IC/2010/05320 Shape changing nonlocal molecular deformations in a nematic liquid crystal

Kavitha, Louis INDVenkatesh, Manickam Gopi, Dhanaray IND

IC/2010/07121 One-body potential theory of molecules and solids modified semiempirically for electron correlation

March, Norman H. GBR

IC/2010/08222 The time-dependent variational approach for the two-component Bose-Einstein condensates with two-and three-body interaction

Doka, Serge Alidou, Mohamadou CMRGnetedem, H. Dongmo Kofane, Timoleon Crepin

IC/2010/08323 The study of birefringent homogenous medium with geometric phase

Banerjee, Dipti IND


162

ICTP Full Technical Report 20109 May 2011


IC/2010/08724 Creation or annihilation of particles: an autonomous reaction-diffusion processes

Roshani, Farinaz IRN

IC/2010/08825 Effects of degree-biased transmission rate and nonlinear infectivity on rumor spreading in complex social network

Roshani, Farinaz IRN

IC/2010/09226 Numerical study of the mixed spin-1 and spin-5/2 BEG model on the Bethe attice

Yessoufou, R.A. Bekhechi, S. Hontinfinde, F. BEN

IC/2010/09727 Analysis of the F. Calogero type projection-algebraic scheme for differential operator equations

Bogolubov, Nikolai N. RUS

IC/2010/09828 Optimal strategy analysis of a competing portfolio market with a polyvariant profit function

Bogolubov, Nikolai N. RUS

IC/2010/09929 Electronic Properties of corrugated graphene, the Heisenberg principle and wormhole geometry in solid state

Atanasov, Victor BGRSaxena, Avadh

IC/2010/10030 Electron and hole states in stained InAs/GaAs quantum dots: size and magnetic field effects

Sellami, Karim TUNSaidi, I. Yahiaoui, M. Testelin, C. Boujdaria, K.


9 May 2011


ICTP Serial Number

Geophysics



IC/2010/0941 Geochemistry of Cancretes (Calcic Palaeosols and Hardpan), Coimbatore, Southern India: Formation and Pleoenvironment

Achyuthan, Hema INDShankar, Navin Braida, Martina

IC/2010/1032 Oxygen anhydrogen isotopic characteristics of the Kaveri river surface waters, Southern Peninsular India

Achyuthan, Hema INDMichelini, Marzia Sengupta, Somasis D. Kale, Vishwas S. Flora, Onelio


163


5 May 2011


ICTP Serial Number

High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics



IC/2010/0011 A decomposition of angular momentum operator in non-relativistic QED to order $/m!

Zhang, Yue CHN

IC/2010/0052 D-branes at toric singularities: Model building, Yukawa couplings and flavour physics

Krippendorf, Sven DEUDolan, Matthew J. AUSMaharana, Anshuman INDQuevedo, Fernando GTM

IC/2010/0073 Holographic aspects of three dimensional QCD from string theory

Hong, Deog Ki KORYee, Ho-Ung KOR

IC/IR/2010/0084 Attenuation of gravitational waves and their detection

Qadir, Asghar PAK

IC/2010/0125 Electrified plasma in AdS/CFT correspondence

Sahoo, Bindusar INDYee, Ho-Ung KOR

IC/2010/0136 Über-naturalness: Unexpectedly light scalars from supersymmetric extra dimensions

Burgess, C.P. CANMaharana, Anshuman INDQuevedo, Fernando GTM

IC/2010/0147 S-matrix for magnons in the D1-D5 systemDavid, Justin R. INDSahoo, Bindusar IND


164

ICTP Full Technical Report 20105 May 2011


IC/2010/0198 Non-standard primordial fluctuations and nongaussianity in string inflation

Burgess, C.P. CANCicoli, M. ITAGómez-Reino , M. ESPQuevedo, Fernando GTMTasinato , G. ITA

IC/2010/0219 Bridging flavour violation and leptogenesis in SU(3) family models

Calibbi, Lorenzo ITAChun, Eung Jin KORVelasco-Sevilla, Liliana MEX

IC/2010/02210 Phenomenology in the Higgs triplet model with the A₄ symmetry

Fukuyama, Takeshi JPNSugiyama, Hiroaki JPNTsumura, Koji JPN

IC/2010/03011 Holographic chiral magnetic spiralSahoo, Bindusar INDKim, Keun-Young Yee, Ho-Ung KOR

IC/2010/03912 Supersymmetric musing on the predictivity of family symmetries

Kadota, Kenji JPNKersten, Joern DEUVelasco-Sevilla, Liliana MEX

IC/2010/05413 Entanglement generation with deformed Barut-Girardello coherent states as input states in a unitary beam splitter

Berrada, Kamal MARBenmoussa, A. Hassouni, Y.

IC/2010/06814 Measuring Higgs boson associated lepton flavour violation in electron-photon collisions

Shinya, Kanemura Tsumura, Koji JPN

IC/2010/07615 Higgs boson pair production in new physics models at hadron, lepton, and photon colliders

Asakawa, Eri Harada, Daisuke Kanemura, Shinya Okada, Yasuhiro Tsumura, Koji JPN


9 May 2011


IC/2010/10416 Clifford Algebras and SpinorsTodorov, Ivan BGR


165


5 May 2011


ICTP Serial Number

Mathematics



IC/2010/0031 Linear q-nonuniform difference equationsBangerezako, Gaspard BDI

IC/2010/0062 Frobenius manifolds from regular classical W-algebras

Dinar, Yassir Ibrahim SDN

IC/2010/0113 Periodic orbits of circle homeomorphisms with a break point

Dzhalilov, Akhtam UZBBegmatov, Abdumajid UZB

IC/2010/0164 Quasi-bigèbres de Lie et cohomologie d’algèbre de Lie

Bangoura, Momo GIN

IC/2010/0235 Nonultralocal quantum algebra and 1D anyonic quantum integrable models

Kundu, Anjan IND

IC/2010/0246 On dimension theory for a certain class of simple AH algebras

Ho, Toan Minh VNM

IC/2010/0287 Phase transitions for quantum XY-model on the Cayley tree of order three in Quantum Markov Chain scheme

Mukhamedov, Farrukh UZBSaburov, Mansoor UZB


166


5 May 2011


IC/2010/0298 On piecewise smoothness of conjugacy of class P circle homeomorphisms to diffeomorphisms and rotations

Adouani, Abdelahamid TUNMarzougui, Habib TUN

IC/2010/0359 On P-adic quasi Gibbs measures for Q +1-state Potts model on the Cayley tree

Mukhamedov, Farrukh UZB

IC/2010/04310 Outer functions in analytic weighted Lipschitz algebras

Bouya, Brahim MAR

IC/2010/04411 Lightlike hypersurfaces in indefinite trans-Sasakian manifolds

Massamba, Fortuné COG

IC/2010/05012 Some results on the asymptotic behaviour of hyperbolic singular perturbations problems

Guesmia, Senoussi DZASengouga, Abdelmouchcene DZA

IC/2010/05113 Hybrid approximation of solutions of nonlinear operator equations and application to equation of Hammerstein-type

Ofoedu, Eric Uwadiegwu NGAMalonza, David Mumo

IC/2010/05814 On the widths of the Arnol'd tonguesBanerjee, Kuntal IND

IC/2010/05915 Hypercyclic Abelian semigroups of matrices on %

Ayadi, Adlene TUNMarzougui, Habib TUN


167


9 May 2011


IC/2010/06016 Zero-sum flows in designsAkbari, Saieed IRNKhosrovshahi, G.B. IRNMofidi, Abbas IRN

IC/2010/06117 Hilbert basis of the Lipman semigroupSahin, Mesut TUR

IC/2010/07218 Exact Solution of a Generalized ANNNI model on a Cayley Tree

Uguz, S. Akin, H. Rozikov, A. Utkir UZB

IC/2010/07319 Quadratic PBW-Algebras, Yang-Baxter equation, and Artin-Schelter regularity

Gateva-Ivanova, Tatiana BGR

IC/2010/07420 Some results on the intersection graphs of ideals of rings

Akbari, Saieed IRNNikandish, R. Nikmehr, M.J.

IC/2010/07521 A note on the G-Cyclic operators over a bounded semigroup

Jamil, Zaki IRQHamada, Hamed Nuha PSE

IC/2010/08922 Lifting prime ideals and Krull dimensionKarim, Driss MAR

IC/2010/09023 The Lagrangian and Hamiltonian analysis of integrabale infinite-dimensional dynamical systems

Bogolubov, Nikolai N. RUSPrykarpatsky, Yarema A. Blackmorte, Denis Prykarpatsky, Anatoly K.


168


5 May 2011


ICTP Serial Number

Miscellaneous



IC/2010/0371 Modified aggressive packet combining scheme

Bhunia, Chandan Tilak IND

IC/2010/0382 Planning for ICT based education in changed scenario to meet the global gaps and deficiencies: With a few cases of a few developing countries

Bhunia, Chandan Tilak INDOnime, Clement NGA


5 May 2011


ICTP Serial Number

Physics and Energy



IC/IR/2010/0071 FPGA-based real time implementation of MPPT controller for photovoltaic systems

Mellit, Adel DZARezzouk, H. Messai, A. Medjahed, B.

IC/2010/0772 Renewable energy programmes in India: status and future prospectus

Agarwal, Kumar Ram IND


9 May 2011


IC/2010/09124 On the complete integrability of nonlinear dynamical systems on discrete manifolds within the Gradient-Holonomic approach

Prykarpatsky, Yarema A. Bogolubov, Nikolai N. RUSPrykarpatsky, Anatoly K. Samoylenko, Valery H.

IC/2010/09325 Strong local linearization methods for the numerical integration of stochastic differential equations with additive noise: An overview.

Jimenez, Juan Carlos CUB

IC/2010/09526 Summation of the Fourier transform of measures and four denominator estimates

Ikromov , Akramovich Isroil UZB

IC/2010/10127 Singularity structure analysis of the higher-dimensional time-gated Manakov system: periodic excitations and elastic scattering

Kuetche Kamgang, Victor CMRBouetou Bouetou, Thomas Kofane, Timoleon Crepin


169


5 May 2011


ICTP Serial Number

Physics of the Environment



IC/IR/2010/0021 Monitoring Karthala eruption in 2005, April 17&' by I33MG

Ramanantsoa, Andry Harifidy MDGRambolamanana, Gérard MDG

IC/2010/0042 Analysis of time variable gravity data over Africa

Aoudia, Abdelkarim DZABarletta, Valentina R. ITA

IC/IR/2010/0043 Preliminary compilation of a unified earthquake catalogue for North Africa

Peresan, Antonella ITAOgwari , Otieno Paul KEN

IC/IR/2010/0064 Seismotectonics of Eastern Nepal and its adjoining region, Central Himalaya

Paudyal, Harihar NPL

IC/IR/2010/0115 Climatic surface air temperature fluctuations over Ukraine: observation, reanalyses and WCRP CMIP3 multi-models

Basharin, Victorovich Dmitry UKR

IC/2010/0206 The lithosphere in Italy: Structure and seismicity

Brandmayr, Enrico ITARaykova, Reneta Blagoeva BGRZuri, Marco ITARomanelli, Fabio ITADoglioni, Carlo ITAPanza, Giuliano Francesco et al. ITA

IC/2010/0327 S-wave's velocities of the lithosphere-asthenosphere system in the Caribbean region

Gonzalez Matos, O'Leary Fernando CUBAlvarez Gomez, Jose Leonardo CUBMoreno Toiran, Bladimir CUBPanza, Giuliano Francesco ITA


170


9 May 2011


IC/2010/0478 Earthquake prediction analysis based on empirical seismic rate: The M8 algorithm

Molchan , George RUSRomashkova, Leontina RUS

IC/2010/0499 Joint inversion of surface waves dispersion and receiver function at Cuba seismic stations

Gonzalez Matos, O'Leary Fernando CUBMoreno Toiran, Bladimir CUBRomanelli, Fabio ITAPanza, Giuliano Francesco ITA

IC/2010/05510 Earthquake energy distribution along the Earth surface and radius

Varga, Peter Krumm, F. Riguzzi, F. Doglioni, Carlo ITASüle, B. Wang, K. et al.

IC/2010/06211 Analysis of earthquake catalogues for CSEP Testing Region Italy

Peresan, Antonella ITARomashkova, Leontina RUSNekrasova, Anastasia RUSKossobokov, Vladimir RUSPanza, Giuliano Francesco ITA

IC/2010/07012 Uranium groundwater anomalies and active normal faulting

Plastino, Wolfango Panza, Giuliano Francesco ITADoglioni, Carlo ITAFrezzotti, Maria Luce Peccerillo, Angelo De Felice, Pierino et al.

IC/2010/08413 Estimation of surface energy fluxes using the Penman Monteith method in a topical station

Adeniyi, M.O. NGAOtunla, T.A.


171


9 May 2011


ICTP Serial Number

Physics of the Living State



IC/IR/2010/0031 Improvement of hot laboratory facilities in nuclear medicine

Quadir, Kamila Afroj BGDKhatun, Nurjahan BGDHoque, Md. Ashraful Begum, Aleya

IC/2010/0092 Computerized detection of masses on mammograms by entropy maximization thresholding

Kom, Guillaume CMRFeudjio, Cyrille CMRTiedeu, Alain CMRNgundam, J. CMR

IC/IR/2010/0093 Patient doses in intervention cardiology procedures in Sudan

Ahmed, Abbas Nada SDN

IC/2010/0184 Radiation monitoring in a newly established nuclear medicine facility

Khokon Kumar, Nath BGDQuadir, Kamila Afroj BGDAnwar-Ul-Azim, Md. BGDRezaul Karim Khan, Md. BGD

IC/2010/0785 Equipment performance and radiation protection status in X-ray

Ahmed, Abbas Nada SDN

IC/2010/0816 Modulational instability of two-component Peyrard-Bishop-Dauxois model

Kofane, Timoleon Crepin Tabi, Conrad Bertrand CMRAlidou, Mohamadou CMRToko, Donatien

IC/2010/0857 Metabolic changes underlying bold signal variations after administration of Zolpidem

Rodriguez-Rojas, Rafael CUBMachado, Calixto Alvarez, Lazaro Carballo, Maylen Perez-Nellar, Jesus Estevez, Mario et al.


172


ICTP sTATIsTICs 2010

LIST OF FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTORS

Mandatory contributions are received from:

Italian Government: 20,592,448.00

International Atomic Energy Agency: 2,436,462.00

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: 441,017.00

Total of mandatory contributions: 23,469,927.00

Plus voluntary contributions: 2,443,235.00

Total Income 2010: 25,913,163.00

Voluntary contributions are received from:

EUROPEAN COMMISSION, through: Central European Initiative, Italy Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France Danish Meteorological Institute, Denmark Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy Pildo Laboratories, Barcelona, Spain University of Geneva, Switzerland University of Liverpool, UK University of Warwick, Coventry, UK

EUROPEAN SCIENCE FOUNDATION (ESF)

EUROPEAN SCIENCE FOUNDATION (ESF) (through the University of Birmingham, UK)

EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY (ESA)

INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY (IAEA)

INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR GENETIC ENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY (ICGEB)

INTERNATIONAL MATHEMATICAL UNION (IMU)

INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (ITU)

INTERNATIONAL UNION OF PURE AND APPLIED PHYSICS (IUPAP)

IRAN: Ministry of Science, Research and Technology

ITALY: Central European Initiative (CEI) Centro Europeo Mediterraneo per i Cambiamenti Climatici CNR/Istituto Officina dei Materiali (IOM) CNR/Istituto di Scienza dell’Atmosfera e del Clima (ISAC) CNR/Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN) Comitato Ev-K2-CNR Ente Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie l’Energia e l’Ambiente (ENEA) Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF) Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste (INAF/OAT) Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)

173


Istituto Nazionale di Oceanografia e Geofisica Applicata (OGS) Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM) Istituto Superiore Mario Boella Laboratorio Europeo per la Spettroscopia (LENS) Provincia di Trieste - Funzione Protezione Civile Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA) Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. Società Italiana di Ottica e Fotonica Università degli Studi di Firenze Università degli Studi di Genova Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Como Università degli Studi di Trieste WIND

JAPAN: RIKEN Institute

KOREA: Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical Physics (APCTP)

NORWAY: Norwegian Academy of Sciences, Abel Foundation Research Council of Norway (through the University of Oslo)

SWITZERLAND: Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire (CECAM) Kernkraften Gösgen-Däniken AG, Daenike THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES FOR THE DEVELOPING WORLD (TWAS) THE EMERGING NATIONS SCIENCE FOUNDATION (c/o ICTP)

UK: Psi-k, Daresbury Laboratory The Institute of Physics (IOP)

UNESCO

USA: American Physical Society Boston College Trustee International Commission for Optics (ICO) International Institute for Complex Adaptive Matters, University of California International Society for Optics and Photonics (SPIE) Network Startup Resource Center, University of Oregon Optical Society of America (OSA) US Air Force (through Yale University)

174


VISITS TO RESEARCH AND TRAINING ACTIVITIES, 2010SM

R

ACTI

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REG

ION

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APP

LICAT

ION

S

1. RESEARCH AND PROGRAMMES

RESEARCH ACTIVITIESLDCs 1 2.01Developing 57 81.89Transition Countries 2 1.32CIS 12 13.31Developed 69 183.88TOTAL 141 282.41LDCs 4 6.21Developing 69 89.13Transition Countries 5 5.52CIS 19 27.02Developed 108 217.02TOTAL 205 344.90LDCs 6 12.03Developing 96 191.31Transition Countries 2 4.11CIS 7 9.86Developed 22 14.86TOTAL 133 232.17

01/01/10 31/12/10 LDCs 3 20.07Developing 20 41.10CIS 16 19.28Developed 94 123.70TOTAL 133 204.15LDCs 2 0.79Developing 6 11.08Transition Countries 1 12.00Developed 10 4.21TOTAL 19 28.08Developing 3 3.22Transition Countries 1 0.07CIS 3 2.33Developed 3 18.95TOTAL 10 24.57

01/01/10 31/12/10 LDCs 8 10.72Developing 96 86.31Transition Countries 3 3.72CIS 14 14.73Developed 37 11.87TOTAL 158 127.35Developing 26 10.19CIS 7 2.24TOTAL 33 12.43LDCs 13 45.09Developing 27 96.82Transition Countries 2 2.37CIS 7 13.10

31/12/10

ICTP Elettra Users Programme 01/01/10 31/12/10

Miscellaneous Research

31/12/10

Multiscidiplinary Laboratory (Mlab) 01/01/10

01/01/10 31/12/10

Earth System Physics (ESP)

01/01/10

DAT

ES

Sandwich Training Educational Programme (STEP)

Condensed Matter and Statistical Physics (CMSP)

01/01/10

Mathematics (Math)

High Energy, Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (HECAP)

01/01/10 31/12/10

Applied Physics (AP) 01/01/10 31/12/10

31/12/10

175



R

ACTI

VIT

Y TI

TLE

REG

ION

S*

N.

OF

VIS

ITS**

N.

OF

PERSO

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MO

NTH

S**

*

N.

OF

LECTU

RER

S

N.

OF

APP

LICAT

ION

S

DAT

ES

TOTAL 49 157.38LDCs 16 97.68Developing 66 304.91Transition Countries 4 24.33CIS 3 4.83Developed 14 76.34TOTAL 103 508.09 171

LDCs 53 194.60Developing 466 915.96Transition Countries 20 53.44CIS 88 106.7Developed 357 650.83

TOTAL RESEARCH AND PROGRAMMES 984 1921.53 171

2. DIPLOMA PROGRAMME

LDCs 2 15.60Developing 5 39.19Developed 1 7.61TOTAL 8 62.40 83LDCs 4 16.04Developing 6 24.03TOTAL 10 40.07 80LDCs 3 22.9Developing 7 45.49CIS 1 6.71Developed 1 7.48TOTAL 12 82.58 91LDCs 2 4.01Developing 7 14.04TOTAL 9 18.05 73LDCs 3 22.48Developing 6 42.82Developed 1 0.62TOTAL 10 65.92 64LDCs 5 20.05Developing 5 19.73CIS 1 4.01TOTAL 11 43.79 56LDCs 3 23.05Developing 7 52.64CIS 1 0.2TOTAL 11 75.89 53LDCs 4 16.04Developing 6 23.58

31/12/10

Earth System Physics 01/01/10 31/08/10

High Energy Physics 01/01/10

Training and Research in Italian Laboratories (TRIL)

31/12/10

31/08/10

Earth System Physics 01/09/10 31/12/10

01/01/10 31/08/10Condensed Matter Physics

Mathematics 01/01/10 31/08/10

Mathematics 01/09/10

Condensed Matter Physics 01/09/10 31/12/10

01/01/10

Total by region:

2108

2206

2110

2107

2208

2205

2109

2207

High Energy Physics 01/09/10 31/12/10

176



R

ACTI

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Y TI

TLE

REG

ION

S*

N.

OF

VIS

ITS**

N.

OF

PERSO

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MO

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*

N.

OF

LECTU

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S

N.

OF

APP

LICAT

ION

S

DAT

ES

TOTAL 10 39.62 42LDCs 5 39.94Developing 4 30.99TOTAL 9 70.93 48LDCs 6 24.07Developing 3 12.03TOTAL 9 36.10 62

LDCs 37 204.18Developing 56 304.54CIS 3 10.92Developed 3 15.71

TOTAL DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES 99 535.35 652

3. TRAINING ACTIVITIES

HIGH ENERGY, COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS (HECAP): 5 training activities Developing 66 18.85Transition Countries 1 0.30CIS 2 0.59Developed 77 21.17TOTAL 146 40.91 11 287Developing 13 1.28CIS 5 0.49Developed 40 3.68TOTAL 58 5.45 5 120LDCs 2 0.92Developing 14 6.44Transition Countries 5 1.84CIS 4 1.84Developed 5 1.84TOTAL 30 12.88 4 78LDCs 4 1.49Developing 94 36.54Transition Countries 4 1.58CIS 16 6.12Developed 118 43.54TOTAL 236 89.27 14 750Developing 28 5.46CIS 3 0.59Developed 35 6.31TOTAL 66 12.36 14 104


536 160.87 48 1339

CONDENSED MATTER AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS (CMSP): 14 training activities

Spring School on Superstring Theory and Related Topics

22/03/10 30/03/10

Gribov-80 Memorial Workshop on Quantum Chromodynamics and Beyond

26/05/10 28/05/10

CARPATHIAN SUMMER SCHOOL OF PHYSICS 2010 - Exotic Nuclei, Nuclear and Particle Physics "From nuclei to stars" (Romania)

20/06/10 03/07/10

2156 Summer School in Cosmology 19/07/10 30/07/10

School and Workshop on D-brane Instantons, Wall Crossing and Microstate Counting

15/11/10 20/11/10

Basic Physics 01/09/10 31/12/10

Total by region:

Basic Physics 01/01/10 31/08/10

2180

Total by region:

TOTAL HIGH ENERGY, COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS (HECAP)

2188

2111

2209

2207

2134

2146

177



R

ACTI

VIT

Y TI

TLE

REG

ION

S*

N.

OF

VIS

ITS**

N.

OF

PERSO

N-

MO

NTH

S**

*

N.

OF

LECTU

RER

S

N.

OF

APP

LICAT

ION

S

DAT

ES

Developing 25 9.83CIS 11 4.11Developed 21 5.39

TOTAL 57 19.33 17 156Developing 30 11.24Transition Countries 1 0.39CIS 2 0.79Developed 40 5.85TOTAL 73 18.27 33 91LDCs 1 0.20Developing 17 3.07Transition Countries 1 0.20CIS 3 0.59Developed 49 8.89TOTAL 71 12.95 28 95LDCs 6 2.32Developing 65 24.15Transition Countries 3 1.18CIS 3 1.16Developed 107 35.90TOTAL 184 64.71 31 525LDCs 2 0.33Developing 30 4.60Transition Countries 1 0.16CIS 1 0.16Developed 37 5.82TOTAL 71 11.07 22 89LDCs 4 0.65Developing 30 4.76Transition Countries 1 0.16CIS 2 0.32Developed 65 10.36TOTAL 102 16.25 28 90LDCs 2 0.33Developing 29 4.51Transition Countries 1 0.16Developed 48 7.36TOTAL 80 12.36 20 90LDCs 3 1.18Developing 41 16.18Developed 12 4.73TOTAL 56 22.09 17 151LDCs 1 0.39Developing 37 14.12CIS 5 1.81Developed 70 19.07TOTAL 113 35.39 41 155LDCs 1 0.39Developing 28 9.68CIS 8 2.93Developed 41 12.56TOTAL 78 25.56 33 74

12/04/10 23/04/10Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced Workshop on Multi-Scale Modelling for Characterization and Basic Understanding of Radiation Damage Mechanisms in Materials

03/09/10

19/07/10

Workshop on Principles and Design of Strongly Correlated Electronic Systems

Advanced Workshop on Anderson Localization, Nonlinearity and Turbulence: a Cross-Fertilization

07/05/10

17/05/10 28/05/10

23/08/10

17/05/10 22/05/10

14/06/10 18/06/10

21/06/10 25/06/10

School on Synchrotron and Free-Electron-Laser Sources and their Multidisciplinary Applications

Spring College on Computational Nanoscience

Workshop on Localization Phenomena in Novel Phases of Condensed Matter

Workshop on Quantum Statistical Mechanics, Computation and Information

Workshop on Dynamics of Strongly Correlated Quantum Systems

30/07/10

02/08/10 13/08/10

09/07/10Workshop on Emergence of New States of Matter in Magnetic Systems and Beyond

African School on Electronic Structure Methods and Applications (ASESMA 2010) (South Africa)

26/04/10

2154 05/07/10

2137

2143

2204

2157

2162

2144

2151

2139

2145

178



R

ACTI

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TLE

REG

ION

S*

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OF

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OF

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*

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LECTU

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OF

APP

LICAT

ION

S

DAT

ES

LDCs 3 0.49Developing 18 2.96Transition Countries 1 0.16CIS 3 0.49Developed 84 13.45TOTAL 109 17.55 32 177LDCs 1 0.16Developing 28 4.44Transition Countries 1 0.16CIS 1 0.16Developed 39 5.56TOTAL 70 10.48 23 107LDCs 1 0.33Developing 13 4.27Developed 57 16.93TOTAL 71 21.53 17 128Developing 68 22.36CIS 2 0.66Developed 15 4.77TOTAL 85 27.79 30 226


1220 315.33 372 2154

MATHEMATICS (Math): 5 training activitiesLeast DC 1 0.62Developing 31 16.27Transition Countries 2 1.05CIS 7 3.95Developed 75 30.71TOTAL 116 52.60 36 170Least DC 1 0.39Developing 32 10.95Transition Countries 2 0.59Developed 84 24.26TOTAL 119 36.19 32 274Least DC 3 1.78Developing 44 26.09CIS 4 2.30Developed 77 36.89TOTAL 128 67.06 23 212Least DC 1 0.62Developing 49 28.81Developed 35 12.72TOTAL 85 42.15 22 101Developing 28 8.28Developed 3 0.89TOTAL 31 9.17 6 54

LDCs 6 3.41

28/06/10 16/07/10

TOTAL CONDENSED MATTER AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS (CMSP)

2170 18/10/10

Total by region:

15/10/10

11/06/10

14/06/10 02/07/10

27/10/10

2129 18/01/10 05/02/10

11/10/10

Advanced School on Complexity, Adaptation and Emergence in Marine Ecosystems

Mediterranean School on Nano-Physics (Morocco)

06/09/10 10/09/10

Conference on Molecular Aspects of Cell Biology: A Perspective from Computational Physics

2218 02/12/10 11/12/10

Workshop on Nano-Opto-Electro-Mechanical Systems Approaching the Quantum Regime

2169

2150

2153

2147

2164

31/05/10

Total by region:

School on Dynamical Systems (Libyan Arab Jamahiriya)

23/11/102202 01/12/10

Advanced School and Workshop on Discrete Groups in Complex Geometry

Advanced School and Conference on Homological and Geometrical Methods in Representation Theory

School and Workshop on Local Rings and Local Study of Algebraic Varieties

Summer School and Conference on Hodge Theory and Related Topics

179



R

ACTI

VIT

Y TI

TLE

REG

ION

S*

N.

OF

VIS

ITS**

N.

OF

PERSO

N-

MO

NTH

S**

*

N.

OF

LECTU

RER

S

N.

OF

APP

LICAT

ION

S

DAT

ES

Developing 184 90.4Transition Countries 4 1.64CIS 11 6.25Developed 274 105.47

479 207.17 119 811

EARTH SYSTEM PHYSICS (ESP): 11 training activities Developing 39 15.39Developed 7 2.76

TOTAL 46 18.15 6 105LDCs 5 0.82Developing 9 1.25Transition Countries 1 0.16CIS 1 0.16Developed 13 1.64TOTAL 29 4.03 26 104LDCs 4 0.66Developing 23 3.75Transition Countries 4 0.62CIS 5 0.79Developed 50 7.76TOTAL 86 13.58 31 96Developing 114 26.24Developed 26 5.98

TOTAL 140 32.22 3 203LDCs 11 4.30Developing 53 19.76Transition Countries 5 0.99Developed 52 17.56TOTAL 121 42.61 24 260LDCs 12 4.73Developing 35 13.41CIS 1 0.39Developed 10 3.12TOTAL 58 21.65 9 8LDCs 7 1.15Developing 47 7.65CIS 1 0.16Developed 31 4.77TOTAL 86 13.73 11 60LDCs 3 1.18Developing 44 16.61Transition Countries 2 0.79CIS 1 0.39Developed 16 5.46TOTAL 66 24.43 11 259LDCs 4 1.32Developing 15 4.83Transition Countries 3 0.99CIS 1 0.33

26/03/10

10/05/10 14/05/10

15/05/10 21/05/10

31/05/10 11/06/10

30/08/10

20/08/10

2142

Geophysics, Geodesy and Tectonics of the North Africa Plate Boundary for Better Earthquake and Tsunami Hazard Assessments (Algeria)

2138

Advanced Conference on Seismic Risk Mitigation and Sustainable Development

15/03/10

Fifth ICTP Workshop on the Theory and Use of Regional Climate Models

2158

2148

2175 The 2010 Southwestern Hemisphere Workshop Series on Climate Change: C02, the Biosphere and Climate (Argentina)

Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Vulnerability of Energy Systems to Climate Change and Extreme Events

19/04/10 23/04/10

TOTAL MATHEMATICS (Math)

2165

College on Soil Physics: Soil Physical Properties and Processes under Climate Change

International MedCLIVAR-ICTP-ENEA Summer School on the Mediterranean Climate System and Regional Climate Change

13/09/10

2163

22/09/10

10/09/10

2131

2160

Targeted Training Activity: Statistical Methods in Seasonal Prediction

02/08/10 13/08/10

Conference on Decadal Predictability

16/08/10

180



R

ACTI

VIT

Y TI

TLE

REG

ION

S*

N.

OF

VIS

ITS**

N.

OF

PERSO

N-

MO

NTH

S**

*

N.

OF

LECTU

RER

S

N.

OF

APP

LICAT

ION

S

DAT

ES

Developed 42 11.31TOTAL 65 18.78 19 79LDCs 4 0.39Developing 7 0.69Developed 35 3.29

TOTAL 46 4.37 12 45LDCs 1 0.43Developing 35 14.70Transition Countries 1 0.43CIS 8 2.66Developed 32 10.32TOTAL 77 28.54 25 126


820 222.09 177 1345

APPLIED PHYSICS (AP): 15 training activitiesLDCs 1 0.16Developing 34 5.59Transition Countries 3 0.49CIS 4 0.66Developed 12 1.45TOTAL 54 8.35 5 267LDCs 2 0.59Developing 58 21.37Transition Countries 5 1.97CIS 8 3.16Developed 55 12.92TOTAL 128 40.01 20 345LDCs 12 5.10Developing 27 13.28CIS 2 1.25Developed 15 6.21TOTAL 56 25.84 28 236LDCs 17 9.63Developing 38 22.49Developed 36 11.64TOTAL 91 43.76 33 169LDCs 6 0.99Developing 25 4.08Transition Countries 1 0.16CIS 1 0.16Developed 19 2.89TOTAL 52 8.28 13 133LDCs 3 1.18Developing 18 6.84Transition Countries 2 0.66CIS 8 3.06

19/02/10

Total by region:

03/05/10 14/05/10

01/02/10 05/02/10

TOTAL EARTH SYSTEM PHYSICS (ESP)

2135

2130

16/04/10

2132

2133

Joint ICTP-IAEA Advanced School on Internal Dosimetry for Medical Physicists Specializing in Nuclear Medicine

2136

2141 Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data for Advanced Reactor Technologies

12/04/10

Preparatory School to the Winter College on Optics and Energy

Winter College on Optics and Energy

2165 International MedCLIVAR-ICTP-ENEA Summer School on the Mediterranean Climate System and Regional Climate Change

13/09/10

08/02/10

23/09/102210

2167

22/09/10

MedCLIVAR Workshop on: "Scenarios of Mediterranean Climate Change under Increased Radiative Active Gas Concentration and the Role of Aerosols"

Advanced School on Direct and Inverse Problems of Seismology

27/09/10 09/10/10

25/09/10

Workshop and Awareness Conference on Evolution of Wireless Technologies

22/02/10 12/03/10

Second Workshop on Satellite Navigation Science and Technology for Africa

06/04/10 23/04/10

181



R

ACTI

VIT

Y TI

TLE

REG

ION

S*

N.

OF

VIS

ITS**

N.

OF

PERSO

N-

MO

NTH

S**

*

N.

OF

LECTU

RER

S

N.

OF

APP

LICAT

ION

S

DAT

ES

Developed 18 4.37TOTAL 49 16.11 15 138LDCs 2 0.33Developing 21 3.28CIS 2 0.33Developed 12 1.91TOTAL 37 5.85 8 54LDCs 4 1.22Developing 29 10.72Transition Countries 3 0.76CIS 12 3.72Developed 43 8.19TOTAL 91 24.61 49 183Developing 29 16.37CIS 1 0.62Developed 12 3.06

TOTAL 42 20.05 18 75LDCs 3 0.49Developing 26 4.27Transition Countries 1 0.16CIS 5 0.82Developed 14 1.97TOTAL 49 7.71 13 118LDCs 7 4.31Developing 34 20.78Transition Countries 2 1.25CIS 4 2.20Developed 17 7.92TOTAL 64 36.46 9 322LDCs 5 1.97Developing 23 8.94Transition Countries 3 0.92CIS 4 1.58Developed 51 14.24TOTAL 86 27.65 24 192LDCs 2 0.82Developing 24 14.93CIS 7 4.37Developed 51 10.97TOTAL 84 31.09 45 195LDCs 4 0.66Developing 16 2.60CIS 3 0.46Developed 7 0.81TOTAL 30 4.53 7 100LDCs 2 0.79Developing 31 11.47Transition Countries 1 0.36CIS 5 1.45Developed 21 5.30TOTAL 60 19.37 23 94LDCs 70 28.24Developing 433 167.01Transition Countries 21 6.73

Total by region:

03/05/10 14/05/10

15/11/10 26/11/10

2141

2152

Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Nuclear Reaction Data for Advanced Reactor Technologies

2161

International Advanced Workshop on the Frontiers of Plasma Physics

05/07/10 16/07/10

Joint ICTP-IAEA Course on Natural Circulation Phenomena and Passive Safety Systems in Advanced Water Cooled Reactors

17/05/10 21/05/10

29/10/10

26/11/10

2159

2155

08/11/10

Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology: Analytical Applications

2166

2171 International Advanced School on Space Weather Modelling and Applications

18/10/10

2168

Joint ICTP-IAEA School of Nuclear Knowledge Management

23/08/10 27/08/10

College on Medical Physics. Digital Imaging Science and Technology to Enhance Healthcare in the Developing Countries

13/09/10 01/10/10

Joint ICTP-IAEA Workshop on Dense Magnetized Plasma and Plasma Diagnostics

2173

2172

2010 Workshop on the Development of Behaviour: Emergent Properties of Nervous Systems

02/08/10 20/08/10

08/11/10 12/11/10

First ICTP-IAEA School of Nuclear Energy Management

182



R

ACTI

VIT

Y TI

TLE

REG

ION

S*

N.

OF

VIS

ITS**

N.

OF

PERSO

N-

MO

NTH

S**

*

N.

OF

LECTU

RER

S

N.

OF

APP

LICAT

ION

S

DAT

ES

CIS 66 23.84Developed 383 93.85

973 319.67 310 2621

MULTIDISCIPLINARY LABORATORY (Mlab): 2 training activitiesDeveloping 71 38.96CIS 1 0.56Developed 7 3.91TOTAL 79 43.43 15 234LDCs 2 0.26Developing 3 0.39Transition Countries 1 0.13Developed 36 4.57TOTAL 42 5.35 12 16


121 48.78 27 250

PHYSICS AND DEVELOPMENT (PD): 4 training activitiesLDCs 10 3.95Developing 62 24.46Developed 26 10.03TOTAL 98 38.44 51 317LDCs 1 0.13Developing 14 1.83Developed 14 1.61TOTAL 29 3.57 14 87LDCs 1 0.46Developing 30 13.81Transition Countries 1 0.46Developed 3 1.08

TOTAL 35 15.81 6 52LDCs 68 11.18Developing 13 2.14Transition Countries 1 0.16Developed 12 1.97TOTAL 94 15.45 10 222

LDCs 80 15.72Developing 119 42.24Transition Countries 2 0.62Developed 55 14.69

256 73.27 81 678

OTHER ACTIVITIES: 2 training activitiesLDCs 10 0.92Developing 57 5.59Transition Countries 5 0.49CIS 1 0.10Developed 102 8.75

TOTAL APPLIED PHYSICS (AP)

08/11/10 10/11/10

29/03/10 01/04/10

TOTAL PHYSICS AND DEVELOPMENT (PD)

Total by region:

2178

ICTP After 45: Science and Development for a changing world

Total by region:

03/05/10 07/05/10

2215

African School on Nanoscience for Solar Energy Conversion (Ethiopia)

2201

Third Hands-On Research in Complex Systems School (Cameroon)

31/03/10

Workshop on Mobile Science: Sensing, Computing and Dissemination

2181

2174

2149

TOTAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY LABORATORY (Mlab)

02/08/10 13/08/10

02/11/10 05/11/10

2177 ICTP Latin-American Basic Course on FPGA Design for Scientific Instrumentation (Argentina)

15/03/10

Hands on Training School on Molecular and Material Science GRID Applications

Advanced Regional Workshop on High Performance and Grid Computing: Towards Enabling e-Science in the Region (Islamic Rep. of Iran)

25/10/10 07/11/10

183



R

ACTI

VIT

Y TI

TLE

REG

ION

S*

N.

OF

VIS

ITS**

N.

OF

PERSO

N-

MO

NTH

S**

*

N.

OF

LECTU

RER

S

N.

OF

APP

LICAT

ION

S

DAT

ES

TOTAL 175 15.85 0 0LDCs 10 1.64Developing 30 4.93CIS 3 0.49Developed 18 2.67TOTAL 61 9.73 15 277


236 25.58 15 277


TOTAL TRAINING ACTIVITIES 4641 1372.76 1149 9475


3513 581.87


9237 4411.51 1149 10298

*Regions: LDCs=Least Developed Countries.CIS=Commonwealth of Independent States.**: Number of visits not visitors.

2140 Workshop on Entrepreneurship for Physicists and Engineers from Developing Countries

03/05/10 07/05/10

Total by region:

TOTAL OTHER ACTIVITIES

Miscellaneous activities

Total by region:

***: Number of average months spent at ICTP by scientific visitors (1 average-month= 30.417 days).

GRAND TOTAL BY REGION:

2215

184


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Pro

gram

me

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vis

its

to I

CTP

.

186


ICTP VISITORS AND PERSON MONTHS BY COUNTRY, 2010

Total visitors

Male visitors

Female visitors

Person-months

Least Developed Countries (LDC's)Africa (18)

1 Benin 6 5 1 10.912 Burkina Faso 2 2 0 3.123 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 2 0 5.654 Ethiopia 101 97 4 140.355 Gambia 1 1 0 0.336 Guinea 1 1 0 1.487 Lesotho 2 2 0 0.468 Madagascar 7 5 2 31.969 Malawi 5 5 0 1.87

10 Mozambique 1 1 0 4.1411 Niger 3 3 0 1.4512 Rwanda 4 4 0 3.4513 Senegal 22 19 3 81.514 Sudan 27 17 10 80.2815 Togo 4 4 0 9.6716 Uganda 12 10 2 9.3417 United Republic of Tanzania 3 3 0 1.8118 Zambia 10 5 5 5.82

Total Africa (LDCs) 213 186 27 393.59% vs. total LDC's 80% 79% 82% 77%

Asia (4)19 Bangladesh 33 27 6 64.1420 Cambodia 1 1 0 0.2321 Maldives 1 1 0 0.4922 Nepal 17 17 0 46.98

Total Asia (LDCs) 52 46 6 111.84% vs. total LDC's 19% 20% 18% 22%

Latin America and the Caribbean (1)23 Haiti 2 2 0 2.86

Total Latin America and the Caribbean 2 2 0 2.86% vs. total LDC's 1% 1% 0% 1%

Total Least Developed Countries (LDC's) 267 234 33 508.29% vs. grand total 6% 6% 3% 12%

Developing RegionsAfrica (16)

24 Algeria 125 87 38 63.7525 Botswana 6 6 0 5.9226 Cameroon 62 51 11 116.8827 Congo 11 10 1 42.2528 Côte d'Ivoire 8 6 2 8.0229 Egypt 66 54 12 92.6530 Ghana 28 24 4 60.3931 Kenya 31 27 4 53.8832 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 21 11 10 7.7333 Morocco 83 69 14 67.2734 Namibia 1 1 0 0.6935 Nigeria 121 94 27 177.07

Region/Country

187



Total visitors

Male visitors

Female visitors

Person-monthsRegion/Country

36 South Africa 52 46 6 34.5937 Swaziland 1 1 0 0.4638 Tunisia 33 25 8 15.2239 Zimbabwe 9 8 1 11.18

Total Africa 658 520 138 757.95% vs. total Developing Regions 32% 33% 28% 35%

Latin America and the CaribbeanCaribbean (8)

40 Costa Rica 4 3 1 2.1441 Cuba 46 34 12 72.6942 Dominican Republic 1 1 0 0.6943 Guatemala 5 2 3 2.8644 Honduras 1 1 0 0.6245 Mexico 59 48 11 53.9546 Nicaragua 1 1 0 0.7247 Trinidad and Tobago 2 0 2 1.02

Total Caribbean 119 90 29 134.69% vs. Total Latin America and the Caribbean 24% 24% 24% 32%

Latin America (9)48 Argentina 154 107 47 93.9949 Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2 2 0 1.1250 Brazil 136 111 25 88.9651 Chile 7 6 1 3.0252 Colombia 32 22 10 30.3853 Ecuador 4 4 0 15.2554 Peru 16 14 2 9.0155 Uruguay 12 8 4 6.0556 Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 21 16 5 33.34

Total Latin America 384 290 94 281.12% vs. Total Latin America and the Caribbean 76% 76% 76% 68%

Total Latin America and the Caribbean 503 380 123 415.81% vs. total Developing Regions 24% 24% 25% 19%

Asia (26)57 Bahrain 1 1 0 0.1658 China* 103 79 24 144.9859 Cyprus 2 0 2 0.6660 India 273 202 71 281.3661 Indonesia 19 11 8 11.8762 Iran (Islamic Republic of) 165 115 50 195.8463 Iraq 11 8 3 34.7264 Israel 36 31 5 10.9565 Jordan 6 5 1 1.7166 Kuwait 3 3 0 0.4967 Lebanon 8 6 2 15.3268 Malaysia 11 7 4 6.1869 Mongolia 5 1 4 7.570 Occupied Palestinian Territory 1 1 0 0.4971 Oman 1 1 0 0.6972 Pakistan 76 58 18 106.09

188



Total visitors

Male visitors

Female visitors


73 Philippines 13 6 7 16.2774 Republic of Korea 40 34 6 26.5675 Saudi Arabia 8 8 0 7.0776 Singapore 2 2 0 1.0277 Sri Lanka 11 10 1 8.9878 Syrian Arab Republic 10 9 1 5.9279 Thailand 15 9 6 8.3880 Turkey 40 25 15 31.5981 United Arab Emirates 2 1 1 2.582 Viet Nam 41 34 7 66.05

Total Asia 903 667 236 993.35% vs. total Developing Regions 44% 43% 47% 46%

Total Developing Regions 2064 1567 497 2167.11% vs. grand total 43% 41% 49% 49%

CIS and Transition CountriesCIS Asia (5)

83 Armenia 21 15 6 13.6184 Azerbaijan 3 3 0 2.8985 Georgia 14 11 3 23.6186 Kazakhstan 2 2 0 0.9987 Uzbekistan 12 9 3 15.91

Total CIS Asia 52 40 12 57.01% vs. total CIS Asia and Europe 24% 24% 27% 30%

CIS Europe (4)88 Belarus 15 12 3 17.4689 Republic of Moldova 2 2 0 4.2190 Russian Federation 92 74 18 71.9391 Ukraine 53 42 11 37.05

Total CIS Europe 162 130 32 130.65% vs. total CIS Asia and Europe 76% 76% 73% 70%

Total CIS Asia and Europe 214 170 44 187.66% vs. CIS and Transition Countries 75% 78% 65% 68%

Transition Countries (6)92 Albania 1 1 0 0.0793 Bulgaria 18 10 8 48.8594 Montenegro 1 0 1 0.2695 Romania 23 19 4 19.2396 Serbia 24 17 7 16.9397 The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia 5 1 4 2.37

Total Transition Countries 72 48 24 87.71% vs. CIS and Transition Countries 25% 22% 35% 32%

Total CIS and Transition Countries 286 218 68 275.37% vs. grand total 6% 6% 7% 6%

Developed RegionsEurope (26)

98 Andorra 1 1 0 0.39

189



Total visitors

Male visitors

Female visitors


99 Austria 85 70 15 17.56100 Belgium 28 18 10 7.99101 Croatia 24 18 6 11.08102 Czech Republic 19 19 0 6.28103 Denmark 20 17 3 6.94104 Estonia 3 2 1 1.32105 Finland 17 14 3 5.92106 France 167 143 24 78.11107 Germany 221 179 42 103.07108 Greece 18 12 6 3.88109 Hungary 28 22 6 6.87110 Ireland 10 9 1 10.91111 Italy 573 459 114 753.76112 Lithuania 2 2 0 1.45113 Malta 4 4 0 1.28114 Netherlands 33 29 4 7.99115 Norway 29 22 7 13.81116 Poland 47 35 12 21.53117 Portugal 10 8 2 2.7118 Slovakia 3 3 0 1.02119 Slovenia 14 13 1 4.54120 Spain 92 63 29 31.56121 Sweden 29 23 6 8.38122 Switzerland 77 62 15 16.7123 United Kingdom 154 130 24 92.15

Total Europe 1708 1377 331 1217.19% vs. Developed Regions 77% 76% 81% 83%

North America (2)124 Canada 25 22 3 9.01125 United States of America 423 349 74 213.99

Total North America 448 371 77 223.00% vs. Developed Regions 20% 21% 19% 15%

Oceania (2)126 Australia 8 6 2 5.03127 New Zealand 1 1 0 0.23

Total Oceania 9 7 2 5.26% vs. Developed Regions 0.41% 0.39% 0.49% 0.36%

Asia (1)128 Japan 48 47 1 15.29

Total Asia 48 47 1 15.29% vs. Developed Regions 2% 3% 0% 1%

Total Developed regions 2213 1802 411 1460.74% vs. grand total 46% 47% 41% 33%

GRAND TOTAL 4830 3821 1009 4411.51

The grand total of visitors includes 694 participants to regional training courses, organized by ICTP but held in other countries.

*Data includes 3 visitors and 21.24 person-months from Taiwan, China.

ICTPThe Abdus Salam

International Centrefor Theoretical Physics

[email protected]

Public Information Offi ce Strada Costiera, 11

I-34151 Trieste - Italy

ICTP · 2011. 5. 20. · PhD Programme in Environmental Fluid Mechanics 98 Career Support...

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