ICT - Information and Communication Technologiesby non-profit oriented collective actors, namely the...

MAZInGrantAgreement687983 D2.7-Desing,progressandevaluationoftheKraftwerk1pilotnJune2017H2020nResearchandInnovationprojectH2020-ICT-2015-10nCollectiveAwarenessPlatformsforSustainabilityandSocialInnovationn

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ICT-InformationandCommunicationTechnologies

ProjectAcronym: MAZI

ProjectFullTitle: ADIYnetworkingtoolkitforlocation-basedcollectiveawareness

GrantAgreement: 687983

ProjectDuration: 36months(Jan.2016-Dec.2018)

D2.7Design,progressandevaluationoftheKraftwerk1pilot

DeliverableStatus: FinalFileName: MAZI_D2.7_final.pdfDueDate: 30June2017(M18)SubmissionDate: 28June2017(M18)DisseminationLevel: PublicTaskLeader: IleanaApostol(NetHood)Authors: Authors:IleanaApostol(NetHood),PanayotisAntoniadis(NetHood),PhilippKlaus(INURA

ZurichInstitute),JensMartignoni(NetHood)


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TheMAZIConsortium

Consistingof:

OrganisationName ShortName Country

UniversityofThessaly UTH Greece

NETHOOD NH Switzerland

EdinburgNapierUniversity NU UnitedKingdom

UniversitatderKunsteBerlin UdK Germany

TheOpenUniversity OU UnitedKingdom

SlacktivistLimited SPC UnitedKingdom

INURAZurichInstitute INURA Switzerland

CommonGrounds CG Germany

UnMonastery UM UnitedKingdom

Disclaimer

ThisworkislicensedunderaCreativeCommonsAttribution-NonCommercial4.0InternationalLicense


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History

Version Author Date Status

1.0 IleanaApostol May30th,2017 InitialDraft

2.0 PanayotisAntoniadis June5th,2017 Draft

3.0 PhilippKlaus June12th,2017 Draft

4.0 IleanaApostol June15th,2017 FinalDraft

5.0 All June20th,2017 FinalDraft

6.0 IleanaApostol June25th,2017 FinalDraft

7.0 JensMartignoni June28th,2017 FinalDraft

8.0 PhilippKlaus June28th,2017 FinalDraft

FF StavroulaMaglavera June28th,2017 FinalDraftreviewed


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TABLEOFCONTENTS

History......................................................................................................................................................................3Executivesummary..............................................................................................................................................61.Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................71.1 THEPILOTCONTEXT......................................................................................................................................................................71.2THEPILOTDESIGN...................................................................................................................................................................................8

2ThePilotTeam................................................................................................................................................112.1 NETHOOD......................................................................................................................................................................................112.2 INURA...........................................................................................................................................................................................132.3 ACTIVEGROUPSINTHECONTEXTOFMAZIPILOT..................................................................................................................142.3.1 Kraftwerk1HousingCooperative.....................................................................................................................................142.3.2 NeNa1HousingCooperative...............................................................................................................................................152.3.3 Co-HabAthens...........................................................................................................................................................................172.3.4 Wunderkammer........................................................................................................................................................................182.3.5 Openki...........................................................................................................................................................................................18

2.4 COMMUNITYMAPPING.................................................................................................................................................................192.5 NOTESONTHEPILOTTEAM........................................................................................................................................................20

3.ThePilotprocessandoutcomes..............................................................................................................213.1 COOPERATIVEHOUSINGMOVEMENTINZURICH......................................................................................................................223.1.1Exploration.................................................................................................................................................................................223.1.2Identificationoftheobjecttobeexamined.................................................................................................................233.1.3Utopianelements...................................................................................................................................................................243.1.4 Fundingimpulses................................................................................................................................................................243.1.5 Secondaryframingfactors...................................................................................................................................................253.1.6 Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................................................26

3.2 KRAFTWERK1INTRANETEVALUATIONANDTECHNOLOGYWORKINGGROUP....................................................................263.3 HYBRIDLETTERBOX.....................................................................................................................................................................273.4 ENGAGEMENTWITHLOCALINITIATIVESANDWITHTHERESEARCHCOMMUNITY.............................................................293.4.1 Commonactivitieswithlocalinitiatives........................................................................................................................293.4.2 Communicatinglocallywiththeresearchcommunity............................................................................................303.4.3 Communicatingwiththeinternationalresearchcommunity..............................................................................31

3.5 DISSEMINATIONOFTHEMAZICONCEPTTHROUGHTHEINURANETWORK.....................................................................313.6 INSTANTIATIONSOFMAZIZONESATVARIOUSEVENTSANDACTIVITIES...........................................................................31


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3.7 KNOWLEDGETRANSFERANDTHECOHABATHENSPROJECT................................................................................................334.Evaluation........................................................................................................................................................364.1 COMPARISONWITHTHEOTHERMAZIPILOTS........................................................................................................................364.2 MEASURABLEIMPACT..................................................................................................................................................................384.2.1 ExposureofMAZIinlocalgroupsandcommunities.................................................................................................394.2.2 IndividualsengagedinthedeploymentofMAZIZones...........................................................................................394.2.3 ExternalresearchersandactivistsengagingintheKraftwerk1pilotprocess.............................................394.2.4 The“DifferentCity”Book......................................................................................................................................................43

5.DiscussionandOutlook..............................................................................................................................44References...........................................................................................................................................................46AppendixA.EvaluationofKraftwerk1intranet/portal,mein.kraftwerk1.ch..............................47APPENDIXB-Hybridletterbox.....................................................................................................................54


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Executivesummary

This isthefirstoutofthreedeliverablesonthedesign,progressandevaluationoftheKraftwerk1pilot inZurich,Switzerland.Itreportsonthefirst“Observationphase”andonanumberofparallelactivitiesthatsetthesceneforthedevelopmentof customizedversionsofMAZI toolkit insideandoutsideKraftwerk1.Manyof theseactivitieswerenotanticipatedatthetimeoftheproposalwriting,andthustheywerenotincludedinthisfirstphaseofthepilot.Theyaretheoutcomeofimportantopportunitiesthatappearedsuchastheco-organizationbyNetHoodoftheINURAconferenceinBucharest,wheretheINURAcoopinitiativewaslaunched,andoftherelatedeventoftheGreekPavilionatthe2016VeniceArchitectureBiennale,aswellasthecreationoftheWunderkammerassociationand the corresponding project at Zurich’s Glattpark that shares interesting similarities with Berlin’sPrinzessinengarten,andfinallytheintenseactivitiesoftheNeNa1cooperativetogetherwiththefoundationoftheneighborhoodForum5im5i,whichledtomanyencountersandcollaborationsliketheonewiththeOpenkiprojectamongothers.

AlltheseopportunitiesenabledtheMAZIpartnerstobecomeactivemembersofthewiderecosystemofgrassrootsorganizations related to cooperative housing, and in general to the right to the city in Zurich and beyond. Thisengagementhasnotbeen fueledonlyby theMAZI researchactivities,but it is rather intrinsicdue toNetHood’sgenuineinteresttobecomeapartofthecooperativemovement,whereINURAZurichInstituteisalreadyactivelyengaged.This isa situationverydifficult to“simulate”and, for this reason, itbecamean interestingexperimentwithrespecttocombiningresearchandactionfromwhichMAZIcanonlybenefit.

Thisdeliverablesummarizesthekeyactorsinvolvedinthepilotdevelopmentprocessaswellassomeofitsinitialoutcomes. It includes a short introduction to the core ideas and concepts behind the cooperative housingmovement in Zurich, collected and clarified through a series of events with the participation of some of thismovement’s protagonists. It provides also the analysis of Kraftwerk1’s intranet, the original task for this phase,togetherwiththefirstresultsofanongoingsurveyimplementedwiththeuseoftheFLOSStool‘limesurvey’,whichisacandidateapplicationforMAZItoolkit.

Themost important findingat thisstage is that informationandcommunicationtechnologiesaremostlyseenastoolstofacilitateinteractions,andnotthemselvesortheirdesignasatargetofparticipatoryprocessesbasedonprinciplesofsustainabledevelopment.

Therefore,itseemsthatthebestwaytointroducetheKraftwerk1’sresidentstotheideasofMAZI,andtoengagethem inabottom-upprocess forMAZI toolkit’s co-designand toappropriatewaysofusing it is the initiationbyMAZIpartnersofaworkinggroupontechnology,inadditiontothecooperative’svariousworkinggroupseitheronarchitecture,oronfood,energy,andotherformsofurbanresilience.


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1.IntroductionThisdocumentisthefirstreportontheZurichpilotaftersixmonthsofprojectactivity.InthisintroductorysectiontwoaspectsoftheKraftwerk1pilotnamelyitscontextanditsdesignarehighlighted.Inthefollowingsectionsthepilotprojectpartnersaswellasthevarious local initiativesthatrelatetoKraftwerk1aredescribedindetail --thecenteraroundwhichrevolvesthepilotstudy--andtheirinteractionsandexchanges.Thisincludestheelaborationofthepilotprocessthatisillustratedwiththedescriptionofeventsandactionstakeninthepreparatoryandinitialphaseofthepilot.Thedeliverableconcludeswithnotesonpropositionsforevaluationandonfurtherstepsinthepilotdevelopment.

1.1 ThePilotContextInZurich,Switzerland,thereisalongtraditionoforganizingurbanhousingincooperativeform.Sincemorethanacenturyago, thiswayhasbeenaviablesolutiontoprovideaffordablehousing,bypoolingresourcestogether tobuildshelterofrelativehigherqualitycomparedtowhatasingleownercouldafford.Inmanyofthesecases,forinstance, groups of public servants developed cooperative housing projects that are similar to the UK buildingsocieties.

Aftertheperiodofdeindustrializationfrom1980to2000,however,theseprojectshavetakeninZurichaparticularpath.Atthetimetherewastheintentiontoredevelopformerurbanbrownfields,eitherrailwayorotherindustrialland,asaresultofgrassrootsparticipatoryprocessesthatweremeanttoberepresentedintherealestatemarketbynon-profitorientedcollectiveactors,namelythehousingcooperatives.Moreover, these 'youngcooperatives',astheyarecalled,aimtobemorethanjustcollectivehousingprojects.Theyareratherlaboratoriesofsustainableurbanlivinginasocietybeyondtheglobalcrisesgeneratedinthelastdecades(refertoApostol2015),contributingin this manner through their daily living as well as through their development and operation processes to therenaissanceofthetraditionalcooperativemovementinZurich.Kraftwerk1isthefirstmaterializationofthe'youngcooperatives'movement,andthereforewaschosenasthecenterandstartingpointoftheZurichpilotstudy.

AfterallwhatisKraftwerk1?

Kraftwerk1isacooperativeandgrassrootshousingandworkspaceprojectinZurich,Switzerland,whichatpresenthasalreadydevelopedthreesettlementswithmorethan500residentsintotal.ThesethreeKraftwerk1estatesarebythenameofHardturm,completedin2001andhousingaround270people;Heizenholz,housing85inhabitantssince 2012, and Zwicky Süd completed in 2015 in the proximity of the Zurich Airport for 240 residents and 90working on the premises. More details in the German language are on the cooperative website<http://www.kraftwerk1.ch>.

Figure1:ThethreeKraftwerk1settlements(Hardturm,Heizenholz,andZwicky)


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Kraftwerk1startedasanexperimentintherealestatecrisisofthe1990s(refertoAndreasHoferonlinearticle).Asp.m. (1998) noted, the concept of the Kraftwerk1 departed from the vision of a worldwide movement ofappropriationofformerindustrialareastowardshaping“anewcivilisationbeyondwork.”

Kraftwerk1 became a collective, self-organized, environmentally and economically sustainable urban alternative,withinamixofresidential,socialandcommercialspaces.Thefirstsettlementwasin81residentialunitsofvariouscompositionsand sizes, from individualhousing to collective living (2 to13 rooms),whichare self-financinganddefinetheirownsocialstructure.Additionally,morethan100peoplework insmallbusinessesofallkinds inthesettlement. A restaurant, a hair-salon, a self-managed grocery shop and a kindergarten are some of the publicservicesprovidedinKraftwerk1(referalsotoWirz2004).

ThedevelopmentprocessofKraftwerk1wasinspiredbyp.m’s(1983)utopiabolo’bolo.FromitsconceptionphaseKraftwerk1wasnotsupposedtobecomeanislanddisconnectedfromitslargercontext,andthustherearemultiplewaysinplacetoconnectitwiththecity,theoutsideeconomy,andthecountryside,forinstance,throughexchangeofagriculturalorindustrialproductsandservices.Itsmembersmaintainadirectlinkwithfarmersintheproximityof Zurich through food supply and temporary commitment on the farms.Ortoloco is such a farm that providesfresh vegetables directly to the grocery shop of Kraftwerk1 Hardturm. Some of the members of the housingcooperative are alsomembers of the farm cooperative, in exchange of fresh organic local produce contributingsomeworkhourstogetherwiththemembershipfee.Atthesametime,forvisitorsthereisguestroomprovision,and the commercial and office spaces on the premises establish further networks with its urban context.Kraftwerk1 members developed environmental standards, operational concepts, and collaborative activities indialogueamongthemselvesandtheelectedcooperativebodies.

InthesectionontheactorsassociatedwiththeMAZIpilotinZurichcompriseadetaileddescriptionofthesegroupsandthecooperativeorganization.BeforeexplainingtheoperationalstructureofsuchcomplexconstructsliketheZurichhousingcooperativesthough,thedesignofthepilotstudyispresented.

1.2ThePilotDesignTheZurichpilotofMAZIintervenesinanongoingprocessofexperimentationwithurbanlivingprojects,asacross-section during the project duration, to explore the usefulness of DIY technology in enabling, facilitating, orenhancingthepoliticalprocessesthatarepartofthesecooperativeprojects.TheMAZIteamselectedfourthreadsofresearchforthepilot.

• Onepilotcomponentistoexplorethetoolsthatarenecessary,oralreadyinuseandassesstheirsuccess,intheparticipatorypracticesimpliedintheoperationofKraftwerk1

• AsecondthreadisthetechnologyenabledtransferofknowledgelocallyfromKraftwerk1toNeNa1,whichisthenewesthousingcooperativeinZurich

• Athird interestof thepilot is theknowledge transferabroad, inparticular toAthens inGreece throughinterested local groups such as Co-Hab, but also to other cities like Belgrade in Serbia through thecollectiveMinistryofSpace,bynetworkingthroughINURAunderthenewINURAcoopinitiative

• Thefourththreadistheroleoftechnologyforurbanactivismthatimpactslocalactions,forexampletheZurich'sWunderkammerproject as a temporary landuse, aswell as international practices that stay incommunicationthroughtheINURAnetwork.

InMAZIDoW,ithasbeenanticipatedfourphasesofactivitywithintheZurichpilot.Inthefirstphasethatcoversthis reporting period of six months, the use of the Kraftwerk1 Intranet is to be analysed through surveys andparticipantobservationbyINURAinclosecollaborationwithNetHood.Themainobjectiveistousetheresultsof


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theseanalysestoproducedocumentationpotentiallyaddingtomoreindepthunderstandingintheMAZIteamofthecooperativeorganizationaswellasofthespecialneedsthatMAZItoolkitcouldfulfil.

Performingresearchthroughparticipatorypractices,sevenquestionsaretakenintoaccountwhenreflectinguponthedesignprocess,asstatedindeliverableD3.8(p.8)basedonthelistofsuggestionsofBossenetal.(2016).Theseare:

1) theevaluationpurposes,2) theactorswhoconductit,3) theparticipantsinit4) theactorswhodefinetheevaluationcriteria,5) themethodsforevaluation,6) itsintendedaudience,and7) theintendeduseoftheevaluation.

BuildingontheexperiencesfromtheotherMAZIpilotsandontheevaluationoftheexistingIntranetplatform,thesecondphaseofthetaskwillproduceanofficialofferingbytheMAZIprojecttotheKraftwerk1cooperativeforalocal“knowledgetransfer”application.ThisMAZIapplicationisplannedtobeinstalledinthelocalIntranetand/orthelocalMAZIzoneinthethirdphase,andthenfollowedbysurveysofoperationandreiterations,whilethefourthphaseismeanttodocumentthepilotandlessonslearned.

Sofarthe Intranetanalyseshavebeenbrieflysynthesised inthedocument included intheAppendixA.Theyaresubjecttodiscussioninthenextphaseofthepilot,toturnthesefindingsintostartingpointsforaction.Asidefromthesetasks,inthefirstyearoftheMAZIprojecttheZurichteamhasledanintensepilotpreparatoryphasebeforetheofficialbeginningof thepilot study,which is reflected in thedescriptionof thevariouseventsandactivitiesincludedintheSection3onthepilotprocess.

Zurich MAZI research team proposes to design the process around interdisciplinary structures for informationsharing.A‘stepback’attitudeoffieldresearchersisadvocated,focusingoncreatingopportunitiesforencounters,deliberations and information sharing for the project research team, and also together with the communitypartners. As such one of themain activitieswithin the pilot has been the organization of events as pretext forgatheringswherestrangersarebroughtincontact;thatgeneratesinformationsharing,exchangesandinteractions,buildingsharedunderstandingsandultimatelyproducingknowledgethatmaybetransferredfromonecontexttoanother.

Furthermore,MAZIteaminZurichproposesarelativelyambiguouspositionofresearchersrelativetotheobjectofstudy,inspiredbyanthropologists’relationtofieldresearch,whichcannotbedefinedcompletelyeitheroutsideorinsidethespaceofresearch.AsAmericananthropologistFadwaElGuindi (2004)argues,“Just likean insidercanbecomeanobserver,thereisa“native”ineveryoutsideobserver.Thereisanativewithineverybody,includingtheobserver,andapotentialobserverineverynative”(p.191).Accordingly,MAZIhasproposedthemetaphorofthestranger,detailedinSection2.2.2oftheD3.11deliverable,todescribetheroleofresearchersandactivistsintheproject aselementsof thegroup itself “whosemembershipwithin thegroup involvesbothbeingoutside it andconfronting it” (Simmel 1971 [1908], p.144). All MAZI partners in Zurich are associated with one or anotherinitiative,withvariousdegreesofattachment,engagementormembership.

Forinstance,PhilippKlausrepresentingINURAinMAZIisaninhabitantandmemberoftheKraftwerk1cooperative,whereheisactiveinvariousboardsandworkinggroups,aswellasamemberoftheofficeassociationintheofficebuildingofKraftwerkHardturm.Alsohe is amemberof theneighborhoodForum5im5i.As forNetHood, IleanaApostolandPanayotisAntoniadisaremembersofNeNa1cooperative,engagingalsowithworkinggroups,andareactivemembers of the Forum 5im5i. Panayotis is also amember of Kraftwerk1, and is activewithin the groupdevelopingtheOpenkiplatform.HeisalsomemberoftheWunderkammerassociation.Ileanaisamemberofthe


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nationalassociationNeustartSchweiz.ThethreeMAZIpartnersinZurichareconnectedthroughINURAandhavebeenproactivein launchingtheINURAcoopinitiative.Moreover,theyhavedevelopedcollaborationsaroundtheMAZIpilotinZurich,amongothers,withThomasRaoseta,whoisaBoardmemberofNeNa1cooperativeandoftheForum5im5i. InAthensPanayotishasbeenengagedintheformationoftheCo-HabgroupandinconnectingtheZurichbasedOpenkiLabtootherinitiativesinAthensincludingCo-Hab.

Basedontheabovestatements,thenextsectionisdedicatedtothedescriptionoftheprojectpartnersandgroupsassociatedwiththeactivitywithinMAZIpilot inZurich,aswellastomappingsomeoftherelationshipsbetweenthem.ThisismeanttoproduceacanvasonwhichtoexperimentwithDIYnetworkingtechnology.


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2ThePilotTeam

2.1 NetHoodNetHoodisanon-profitorganizationbasedinZurich,foundedinJanuary2015,whichaimstobridgeresearchandaction, activities of the academia and the civil society, around the design and use of tools that allow people inlocalities to get in contact, self-organize, and cooperate. Such tools include DIY wireless networks, communitycurrencies,cooperativehousingmodels,hybridsocialinfrastructures,andcommunity-supportedinfrastructure.

AtNetHoodthere isagreementregardingthedevelopmentofconvivial tools (referto Illich1973), forwhichoneneedsto follow innovative interdisciplinaryandtransdisciplinaryresearchmethodologies, thataffirmrather thansuppressdifferences.AnactionprincipleofNetHood is to invest firstonunderstanding thediverseperspectivesinvolved, before setting ambitious objectives that generate defense mechanisms and competition, through theorganizationofseveralinterdisciplinaryandparticipatoryevents.

This approach has resulted in numerous successful gatherings, many of which evolved into long-termcollaborations.NetHoodorganizeda seriesofworkshops treating theconceptofDIYnetworkingasa "boundaryobject"startingwiththeDagstuhlseminaronDIYnetworking(seeFigure1),followedcloselybytheVolossummerschool that brought together an interdisciplinary team including local urban planners and policy makers,<http://internet-science.eu/summer-school-2014>,thentheAlternetworkshopattheLondonSchoolofEconomics<http://www.iscc.cnrs.fr/spip.php?article1912> ,andthe"offlinenetworksunite!"workshopat theTransmedialefestival,<https://transmediale.de/de/content/offline-networks-unite>.Alltheseinternationalandmultidisciplinarywork-relatedeventshavesetthebasisfortwoongoingEUHorizon2020projects,MAZIandnetCommons.

Figure2:TheparticipantsofoneoftheearlyactivitiesofNetHood’sco-founders,aDagstuhlseminaronDIYnetworkingthatcouldbeconsideredthestartingpointofMAZI.Seehttp://www.dagstuhl.de/en/program/calendar/semhp/?semnr=14042


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InMAZI,Nethoodbringssignificantexperienceandexpertiseininter-andtransdisciplinaryresearchontheconceptof hybrid space design. Its co-founders Panayotis Antoniadis and Ileana Apostol have played a key role inintroducing theconceptofDIYnetworking to the fieldofurbanplanning.At the same time, importantconceptsfrom urban studies have been introduced to the engineering community active in building ICTs for urbanenvironments.NetHood’smaincontributiontoMAZIisthefacilitationoftheinteractionsbetweenahighlydiversemixofpartnersandthecreationofanoverarchingresearchframeworkmakingsurethatthedifferentperspectivesandmethodologiesaretobeintegratedintoapotentiallyunifiedbutnottooschematicapproach.Theoutcomeofthis process ismaterialized in the design and implementation of theMAZI toolkit, and in the cross-fertilizationbetweenthedifferentpilotstudies.

Itisexpectedasignificantimpactofthisapproachtoundertakingresearch,bothforthetheoryofinterdisciplinarityand for the empowerment of citizens in shaping together their urban hybrid space. NetHood's methodologicalapproach is rooted in knowledge gained fromparticipatory practices in urban planning, continuously enhanced,withahighlyintuitiveattitudeaimingtoexperiment,bycombininginterestingideasfromotherdisciplinessuchasdesignresearchandparticipatorydesign.Oneofthekeypremisesofourapproachisthatdemocraticparticipationrequires that all parties involved become aware of each other's preferences and points of view, and designingparticipatoryprocesses implies flexibility,patienceand long-termthinking,aswellasdevelopinganartofactingwithintheseprocesses.

NetHood activities engage already activists and civil society organizations in collaborations combining DIYnetworkingwithotherformsofself-organization,anddifferentframingsforinnovativetransdisciplinaryresearch.More specifically, on the one hand, NetHood structured an ongoing knowledge-transfer project on the topic ofcooperativehousingthatalreadymaterializesbetweenZurichandAthens,asdescribedinthenextsectionsofthisdocument.AlsoarecentinitiativewithintheINURAnetwork,bythenameINURAcoopinitiativegeneratedalreadyexchanges and information sharing between NetHood, and the Ministry of Space and the Smarter Buildingcollectives in Belgrade, Serbia, that are building on previous collaborations within the EINS project (refer toCOMPARE) <http://compare-network.net/zurich/>. On the other hand, NetHood is engaged in ongoingwork oncommunitynetworks:aparticipatorydesignprocessforcombiningsmartfarmingwithcommunitynetworksinthearea of Sarantaporo, Greece, <http://netcommons.eu/?q=content/agricultural-sector-ict-innovations-and-commons-towards-building-synergies>, and educational games for understanding community currencies as toolsfor commoning projects such as cooperative housing projects like NeNa1, Mehr-als-Wohnen in Zurich and/orcommunity networks like Guifi.net in Barcelona <http://networkcultures.org/moneylab/2016/12/06/flexonomix-district-currency-game/> and <http://theconversation.com/diy-networking-the-path-to-a-more-democratic-internet-67216>.

From someof theseenvironments that arehighlydiversebut somehowcontrolled,NetHood tries atpresent tobringexperiencetotheactualresearchfield--theurbanneighborhood,alaboratoryofreallife--engagingselectedpeoplearoundconcreteframings.


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Figure3:AneighbourhoodtourintheZurich’s5thdistrict,organizedbytheForum5im5iwiththeparticipationofIleanaApostol

ofNetHood(Photoby‘RaphiSee’from5im5i.ch)

For instance, as members of the relatively recent neighbourhood association Forum 5im5i in Zurich, andcollaborators of the open source software project Openki, NetHood aims to engage people living in the sameneighbourhood, namely Kreis 5, in organizing ad-hoc gatherings in different locations and around differentobjectives,facilitatingopendemocraticdialoguesatthelocallevel,ontopicsthatcouldrangefromdecisionmakingregardingimportantissuesofeverydaylifeintheneighborhoodtoknowledgesharingorevensimplesocializationand"gettingtoknoweachother".

2.2 INURAINURA is a non-governmental and non-profit organisationwith a self-organising, non-hierarchical, decentralisedstructure.INURAisanetworkofpeopleinvolvedinactionandresearchinlocalitiesandcities,andwillparticipatein the project through the INURA Zurich Institute. The Network consists of activists and researchers fromcommunityandenvironmentalgroups,universities,andlocaladministrations,whowishtoshareexperiencesandtoparticipate incommonresearch.Examplesofthe issuesthatNetworkmembersare involved in include:majorurbanrenewalprojects,theurbanperiphery,community-ledenvironmentalschemes,urbantrafficandtransport,innercitylabourmarkets,do-it-yourselfculture,andsocialhousingprovision.Ineachcase,theresearchiscloselytiedto,andisaproductof,localactionandinitiative.

Since 1991, a conference is held every year in a different city, organised by a local team. People gather forexchangeandmutuallearningaboutprojectsanddevelopmentsincitiesaroundtheworld.Publiceventsarepartof the conference, as well as visits to neighbourhoods, local initiatives, and social and cultural centres. Thedisseminationof INURA’s principles and knowledgeonbest practices is achieved alsobymeansof internationalcomparativeurbanstudies.Someofthesestudiesarealreadypublishedintwobooks(INURAeds.2004and1998),aswellasanon-goingcomparativemappingprojectofmorethan35citiesallovertheworldbythename‘NewMetropolitanMainstream’(seewww.inura.org).


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Figure4:ThepubliceventoftheINURAConferenceinBucharest,moderatedbyIleanaApostol(NetHood)andfeaturingMarco

Clausen(CommonGrounds)

The INURA Zurich Institute brings in the project expertise in cooperative housing initiatives, non-hierarchicaldecisionmakingprocessesandqualityoflifedevelopmentinneighbourhoodsaswellasinimpactassessmentandproject/process evaluation. The INURA Zurich Institute's office rooms are situated in Kraftwerk1 since the verybeginning(2000).Asamemberofthecooperative,PhilippKlaus(INURA) isactively involved indifferentworkinggroups and decisionmaking processes at the cooperative's assemblies. Some of the key tasks of INURA ZurichInstituteinMAZIarethecoordinationoftheKraftwerk1pilot,andtheparticipationintheimplementationanduseoftheMAZItoolkit forneighbourhoodactivities,opinionanddecisionmaking inKraftwerk1. INURAwillevaluatetheachievementsofgoalsfortheKraftwerk1pilotbymeansofparticipatoryobservationandinterviewtechniques.

Onalocalleveltheresearchintheprojectonnewparticipativetoolsandpossibilitiesisenrichingtheexperiencesinthefield.Onaninternational leveltheprojectbringsupanadditionalkey issue,theroleofDIYnetworking, inneighbourhood development and in understanding alternative urban development as "Possible Urban Worlds"(Harvey, 2000). For the INURA Zurich Institute this broadening in approaching neighbourhood developmentwillopenpathstoadditionalresearchandpracticefieldsonaregionalandinternationallevel.

ThusotherkeytasksaretheapplicationandevaluationofMAZItoolkitinorganisation,decisionmakingprocessesand activity support during the annual INURA conferences as well as providing platforms for exchange ofexperiencesamongtheparticipantsfromaseriesofdifferentcities.AstheINURAZurichInstituteisthecoordinatorof the INURA network for about twenty years, it has the credibility and experience to promote synergies andsuccessful collaboration betweenMAZI and engaged INURAmembers in various European cities like Bucharest,Belgrade,Athens,London,andBerlin,whoseactivitiescanbenefitsignificantfromtheMAZItoolkit.

2.3 ActivegroupsinthecontextofMAZIpilot

2.3.1 Kraftwerk1HousingCooperative

As mentioned also in the section on the pilot context, Kraftwerk1 is a self-organized collaborative social andpoliticalconstruct withthecentrallegalbodyofaSwisscooperativeandadditionallinkedassociations.Tosustainits operation, there are various boards, committees and working groups in place. From the point of view ofresidents, along with the financial contribution for the collective infrastructure, temporal engagement is alsoamongmembers’ duties in the form of time to subsidize internal common services. Kraftwerk1members havevarious rights amongwhich the life-long right of lodging, of social assistance from special funds, of democratic


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participationimplyingsupportintranslationandinformalpreparationofmeetings,andofinformationthroughthebulletinboard,website,publichearingsondemandetc.

To illustrate the complexity of its organization, the following list shows the various bodies that help in theorganizationofKraftwerk1collectiveliving:

• theBuildingandHousingCooperative (Bau-undWohngenossenschaftKraftwerk1),which is responsibleforthefinancingandbuildingofthestructuresofKraftwerk1aswellaswithrealestatemanagement

• theOrganization of Users (OU),which aremembers of the Building andHousing Cooperative, but alsoassociatedwithKraftwerk1astenants(housing,officespaceorbusinesses)

• theBoardoftheOrganizationofUsers(BOU),whichrepresentsitofficially• theKraftwerk1Council(Kerngruppe),withdelegatesofthegroupsandtheOU,assigningtaskstotheBOU,

organisingandformulatingmotionsfortheplenaryassembly,anddevisingregulations• thePlenaryAssembly• theSolidarityCommissiondealingwiththeSolidarityFund

Aswellasmultiplesectorgroupssuchas:

• the‘ActionDay’Grouporganisingthedaysofcommonwork(Aktionstag)• theHousingCommitteechoosingnewresidents(Wohnungsvergabe)• theOutdoorSpaceGrouporganisingtheworkaroundthebuildings(Aussenraum)• the‘Circolo’Grouporganizingcookingandeatingtogether(around40people)• theRooftopGardenGroup(Dachgarten)• theGroupinchargewiththecommunityroom(Dachraum)• theGroupinchargewiththeFilmclub• theGroupinchargewiththeself-managedgroceryshop(Konsumdepot)• theGroupinchargewiththegroundfloorbar(Pantoffelbar)• theGroupinchargewiththebicyclerepairandgarage(AGVelo)• andseveraladhocgroups

IntheKraftwerk1Charter,whichcanbemodifiedintheplenaryassembly,arestatedtheprinciplesandguidelinesonwhich the cooperative has been founded, aswell as a) themeans, that are the housing units, the collectiveinfrastructure,theprogramsincludingnetworkingandsustainablelifestyle,transparentsaccounting,flexibilityandsubsidiarity,andofcourse,integrativeproceduresofdecisionmaking;b)thedutiessuchasfinancialcontribution,temporalengagementandcommunication,c)therightsandentitlementsofinhabitantsliketherightofuse,socialassistance, democratic participation, and information. It is available on the website in the German languagehttp://www.kraftwerk1.ch/geschichte/charta.html

2.3.2 NeNa1HousingCooperative

Bau-&WohngenossenschaftNeNa1--theacronymfor“newbeginningneighborhoods”-- isa recenthousingandlivingcooperativeinZurich,whichengagesadynamicgroupofpeopleinanongoingpoliticalprocessthatexploresvariousmanifestationsofthecollective,self-organized,environmentallysoundandeconomicallysustainableurbanliving alternative <nena1.ch>. That means to develop an urban insertion that takes into account multipleperspectives, based on the cooperative principles and responding to the necessities of the community at large,including the immediate proximity in the neighborhood. The grass-roots initiatives within this process aim togenerate socially integrated and resilient neighborhoods, and from this point of viewNeNa1 is a contemporaryexperiment within a broader process of building new understandings of urbanity, urban lifestyle and urban


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commons,basedonself-organizationandtheaffirmationofdiversitywithinanidealofsustainablecitylife(refertop.m.2014).

Figure5:NeNa1generalassembly2016andworkshoponsharingspaceattheregularNeNa1monthlymeeting

The NeNa1 long-term vision is along with principles formulated by the Swiss association Neustart Schweiz<neustartschweiz.ch>, according towhich currently also other housing cooperatives organize in Switzerland, forexample, LeNa in Basel. Moreover, NeNa1 builds its activities on a century-old tradition to provide affordableresidencesintheformofcooperativeornot-for-profithousing,andfromtheyoungcooperatives inZurichbasedonsimilar ideasare:Mehr-als-wohnen,Kalkbreite,Karthago,dasDreieck,andmore. In the last twodecadesthisexpertisecomplementedby innovativeexperimentsbroughttorealitycomplexnewdevelopmentsthat integratetransformative options of various aspects of the everyday life: amultitude of forms of residential units, diversework situations, resilient consumption patterns, community supported agriculture, alternative forms of energy,self-organizationanddetermination,participatorypracticesandcollaborativeaction.

NetHoodpartnersaremembersoftheNeNa1cooperative,andengageinsomeofitscurrentactivities.TheNeNa1organization of activities is specific to a development process rather than to the everyday operation of thecollectivelifelikeinKraftwerk1(seeabove):

• theBuildingandHousingCooperative(Bau-undWohngenossenschaftNeNa1)• thePlenaryAssembly• theWorkGroupontheoperatingconcept(AGBetriebskonzept)• theWorkGroupontheconstruction/architectureaspects(AGBau)• theWorkGrouponlandandfoodasaresource(AGLandbasis)• theWorkGrouponinternaleconomyaspects(AGInterneWirtschaft)• theWorkGrouponsocialaspects(AGSozial)withaspecificbranchonintergenerationalliving(AGGüW)• theWorkGrouponpoliticalaspectsdealingwithcommunicationwithmedia,partnersandauthorities(AG

ExKom)• theWorkGrouponinternalcommunication(AGInKom)• theWorkGrouponIT(AGIT-Dev)• theWorkGrouponvocabulary(AGLinguistik)• theWorkGroupon financeand theorganizationofmembers’contribution to thedevelopmentprocess

(AGBüro)


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The NeNa1 Cooperative was founded also based on a set of principles included in the Statutes<https://www.nena1.ch/statuten> and in the Charter, available online in the German language<https://www.nena1.ch/charta> also in the form of a flyer to be printed for various events and activitieshttps://www.nena1.ch/wiki/images/7/71/Charta.pdf

2.3.3 Co-HabAthens

Co-HabAthens<https://cohabathens.com>isagroupinAthens,Greece,workingonanappliedresearchproject,whichwas initiated inOctober2016a littlebeforeaneventco-organizedwithMAZIat theGreekPavilionatthe2016VeniceArchitectureBiennale,withfirstthoughtscomingthroughconversationswiththeresearchgrouponurban commons, by thenameKoinoAthina. Theaimof theCo-Habproject is to elaborate collectiveownershipmodels, a long-term proposal for reclaiming quality of habitat and housing as a citizens' right in the center ofAthens, and to become an exchange platform for urban researchers and activists on the issue of collectiveownership.SomegroupmembersarealsomembersofINURA,andhaveparticipatedintheMAZIworkshopatthe2016INURAConferenceinRomania,wheretheINURAcoopinitiativehasbeenlaunched.

Figure6:Theentranceofthe#ThisIsACo-opGreekPavilioninVeniceBiennaleshowcasingtheposteroftheCo-housingpractices

workshop(left)andthemapofthecooperativehousingprojectsinZurich(right).

By focusing on the concept of decommodification of urban land, Co-Hab Athens collective seek and promotesynergies with existing paradigms that have successfully been implemented abroad and with similarly orientedongoing projects. In the local context it explores the existing legal framework to make new suggestions.Furthermore, itaspirestocultivatetheimaginaryofcollectivepropertyandfamiliarizepeopleinAthenswiththe


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co-housingpractices;toworkoutrealisticscenariosandprototypesofalternativeownershipofurbanlandandtestthemthroughpilotcasestudiesinthecenterofAthens;tocreatephysicalandonlinetoolstopromoteandsupporttheidea;toengageininternationalnetworksofcooperationandknowledgesharing.

2.3.4 Wunderkammer

TheWunderkammerprojectcametolifeduetoanopportunitytomaketemporaryuseofavacantlotonmunicipalland at Zurich’s Glattpark. Its objectives are to create an open space for experimentation on various areas ofinnovationandsustainabilityincluding“NewMedia”.MAZIplaysanactiveroleinthecorrespondingworkinggroup,https://wunderkammer-glattpark.ch/arbeitsgruppen/neue-medien/.

Panayotis Antoniadis is a member of the corresponding association and participates in regular meetings andexperimental actions like the “Art actionday” organizedby the cooperativeABZ inwhich theWunderkammer’spresentationthroughamuralpaintingwascomplementedbyahybridletterboxinstallationwelcomingpassersbytoexpresstheirwishesandvisionsaboutthefutureroleofWunderkammerintheirneighbourhood.

IncollaborationwithVesnaTomse, founderofWunderkammerandactivememberof INURA, thereareplans toorganize regular seminars on technology offered by Panayotis Antoniadis and advertised through the OpenkiamongotheractivitiestakingplaceinWunderkammer.

2.3.5 Openki

TheOpenkiplatform--anopen-sourcetoolfor localandself-organizedknowledgeexchange-- isconceivedasthefoundation for mediating non-commercial education opportunities, and aims to simplify the organization of a“peer-to-peer”sharingofknowledge.Theplatformmakesallprocessespossiblefromtheselectionoftopics,andtheorganizationandexecutionofcoursesuptothedocumentationofthelearningmaterial.ThegeneralprincipleandultimategoalofOpenki is tobecomeatool forcollaboration inbottom-uporganizations,becausethere isastrong need for tools to make organization, or better communication easier and more horizontal towardparticipation, inclusion,emancipation.Openki isaware that technologyalone isnotenough toachieve thisgoal,andthusisplayingtherolemoreofasocial-Hubthanatechnicallab,aimingtoprovideameetingpointandcafe-typespacethathasthepotentialtobridgetwoworlds.

TheOpenkiLab,calledMyzelia, isanactivepartofaverydiverseanddynamicplace in thecityofZurich,and islocatedincloseproximitywiththreeothervenuesforculturalandco-learningactivities:theAutonomousSchoolZurich (ASZ), thePhotobastei,avenueforphotographyexhibitionshostingvariousrelatedculturalactivities,andtheImpactHubZurich.TheASZprovideseducationforallsince2009.Onoffertherearediverseeducationalandcultural activities for everyone both for undocumented refugees, the socially excluded and all other interestedpeople,includinglanguagecourseslikeGerman,Spanish,Arabic,English,MathematicsandComputingcourseslikeJavaprogrammingandGimp,butalsoYogaandtheatrecourses,andmore.Culturalactivitiesincludeconcerts,bar,cinema, as well as the well-known community dinner, three times per week, that makes the school a popularmeetingplacewhereexperiencesaresharedandideascanbedeveloped.UrbanSchwegler,Openki’sco-founder,isalso thehousekeeperof thebuildings; inaddition to theofficial sharingof spacesbetweenOpenkiand theASZ,there are strong synergies also with the Impact Hub and the Photobastei, such as courses of ASZ and Openkiworkshops takingplaceat the ImpactHubandcollaboration inexhibitionsatPhotobastei,meetupswith ImpactHubatMyzelia.

The focusongeographic locationsas theentry-point to theOpenkiworld is exactlydue to the fact thatdiversegroupsmaygatheringeographiclocations,providingsettingswhereestablishingmutualtrustbecomespossible.Inaddition,at theOpenkiLabthere isastrongfocusonclearguidelines fordecision-making,clearcommunication,


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and avoiding exclusions through branding and specialization, but promoting transdisciplinarity and self-organization.

2.4 CommunitymappingIn Zurich there aremany groups that contribute in oneway or another to the cooperativemovement. Figure 7showsthemapppingoftheorganizationsthatarerelatedtotheMAZIpilot.PlacedinthecenterofthediagramaretheKraftwerk1cooperativeandtheNeNa1cooperativethattracestheinspirationofitsprinciplesandfoundingtoKraftwerk1.Similarly,centralareMAZIpartnersNetHoodandINURAZurichInstitute,whicharebothconnectedtoKraftwerk1 in terms of membership and workplace as well as Philipp Klaus' residence and participation in theorganizationoftheHardturmestate.InadditiontotheothertwoKraftwerk1settlements,thecollaborativeprojectMehr-als-Wohnen has been completed in 2015 creating for the first time among the young cooperatives, aneighborhood thatwas conceived, built and is operated on the cooperative principles.Mehr-als-Wohnen is theresultofthecollaborationofseveralhousingcooperativesnamelyABZ(oneoftheearliestinZurich),Wogeno,dasDreieckandKalkbreite.ThelatestwasitselftheoutcomeofthecollaborationbetweenKarthagoanddasDreieck,anditisdevelopingcurrentlyitssecondestatebythenameofZollhaus.

AlsomappedwerethesolidarityfarmOrtoloco<solawi.ch>,whichisanagriculturalcooperativelocatedonlandinthe immediate proximity of the city of Zurich,wheremembers provide labor in exchange to products, and thatprovides organic vegetables, and the Basimilch farm for dairy products, which are delivered directly to theKraftwerk1foodshop,toKalkbreitecooperativeandsometimestotheNeNa1dinnersatthepublicgatherings.Onthe side of Kraftwerk1 there is also the association Stadionbrache, a temporary use of the terrain of a formerstadium that is neighboring the Hardturm estate, and where there are ongoing environmentally friendlyexperiments,urbangardening,culturalandeducationalactivitiesetc.

NeNa1 cooperative was born through the interactions within the Swiss association Neustart Schweiz<neustartschweiz.ch>andthusconceptuallyisrelatedtotheresilienceprinciplespromotedbythisassociation.TheNeNa1cooperativewilltrytoapplytheminitsdevelopments,andanotheroutcomeofthisthink-tankistheBasel-basedcooperativecalledLeNa,whichistheacronymfor“liveableneighborhoods”.Fromapracticalpointofview,on the other hand, regarding some of its active members, neighborhood actions and the development of itsoperational concept, NeNa1 relates to the associations Forum 5im5i, FleXibles and NetHood, among others.NetHoodbringsthedigitaltechnologydimensionintotheiractivity,andcollaborateswiththeOpenkiplatformtobringthattoreality.BesidesKraftwerk1andNeNa1participatoryprocesses,anotherexperimentalfieldofNetHoodisthetemporaryprojectWunderkammer.

AnothernodeinthisnetworkofrelationshipsistheINURAassociationthatbringsincontactmanylocalactivitiesinZurich and abroad. It is related toMAZI partners NetHood and INURA Zurich Institute, to theWunderkammerproject in Zurich, and the Co-Hab project in Athens that collaborates also with the Mietshäuser Syndikat inGermany.Inaddition,withtheproposaloftheINURAcoopinitiativeattheINURAconferenceinRomania,actiontowardcooperativehousinghasbeengeneratedalsoinBelgrade,throughtheMinistryofspacecollective.


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Figure7:Arelationalmapofself-organizationinitiativesinZurichrelatedtotheMAZIpilot.Availableat:https://kumu.io/panayotis/mazi-kraftwerk1-pilot

2.5 NotesonthepilotteamNetworkingoftheseactorsandorganizationsisanongoingendeavorthroughvariouscivic initiatives,eventsandcollective actions. A key outcome of these interactions is the added value of the specific efforts, creativity andconcretemanifestationsofpraxis--cross-fertilizationitiscalledinMAZI.Ifaspatiallayerisadded,thatiscurrentlyhybrid, theDIYnetworking technologycouldplay the roleofenabling information sharingbetweenstrangers sofirst to bring them in contact and then to facilitate their networking activities; mediating the production ofknowledge,documentationandstorageof information;developinguserguidelinesandstructures forknowledgetransfer,andsometimescatalysingtheserelationaleffects.


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3.ThePilotprocessandoutcomesThe timeline of the original four phases of the Kraftwerk1 pilot as described in the DoW is summarized below(Source:D3.8p.13).

Figure8:ThetimelineoftheKraftwerk1pilot

The first 18months ofMAZI, in addition to the originally planned “Observations” phase of the pilot, the ZurichMAZIpartnersengagedinaseriesofconcreteactivitiesincollaborationwiththedifferentactorsintroducedabove,whichwillplayakeyroleinthefutureactivitiesofthepilot.Theseactivitiesmaybelistedas:

1. ExplorationofthecooperativehousingmovementinZurich2. EvaluationoftheKraftwerk1’sIntranetandpreparationsforatechnologyworkinggroup3. ExperimentationwiththehybridletterboxinsideandoutsideKraftwerk14. ActiveengagementinawidersetofgrassrootsinitiativesinZurichincludingtheNeNa1cooperative,the

Forum 5im5i, the Openki platform, and the Wunderkammer project, as well as in the wider researchcommunity

5. DisseminationofMAZIconceptthroughtheINURAnetwork6. InstantiationsofMAZIzonesatvariouseventsandactivities7. SupportofanewcooperativehousinginitiativeinAthensincludingaknowledgetransferprocess

It is important to stress again that in all these activities MAZI partners have become active members of thecommunities they interactwith (refer to the Section 1.2 on the pilot design), giving us a unique opportunity toexperiment with new forms of participatory processes in which the researchers are also members of thecommunitiesthattheystudyand“designfor”.Overtimethepilotteambecamemoreandmoreactivelyengagedwithin the community.By changingvarioushats, itbecameobvioushowcritical is toperform the self-reflectionactivitythattheMAZIprojectadvocates.SomeoftherelatedreflectionsareincludedinthedeliverablesD3.2,D3.6andD3.11.Takingseriouslythesevariousroles,itwaspossibletounderstandcloselythedifferentperspectivesonthedesignoftechnologythatareusefulalsoduringtheevaluationphase.

Inthefollowingsomekeyeventsandthemain lessons learnedare liedout fromeachofthoseparallelactivitiesthat have set the scene for the introduction of the MAZI toolkit to a diverse set of communities locally andinternationally.


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3.1 CooperativehousingmovementinZurichOneobjectiveandresearchquestionregardingthecooperativehousingmovementandourpartnersinZurichwas,whataretheoriginsandhowthespecificandsomehowextraordinarysituationinZurichhasevolved.ForthatJensMartignoni of NetHood performed an initial background research about the movement’s roots as well as anoverview about its actors. A first part of this study was presented at the 12th International NPO-researcherscolloquium,whosemainfocuswassustainability,attheGeorg-August-UniversityGoettingeninGermany(April21-22,2016).ThepresentationbyJensMartignoniwastitled“NachhaltigkeitundVernetzunginzukunftsorientiertenWohngenossenschaften in der Schweiz“ (Sustainability and networks in future oriented housing cooperatives inSwitzerland“(heldinGerman).AfurtherelaboratedarticleoftheGoettingen-conferencewillbepublishedsooninthefinalconference-samplerwithSpringer-Gablerpublishers(Martignoni,forthcoming),followedbyatranslationofthepublishedarticleintheEnglishlanguage.AnextstepoftheworkwasthenpresentedbyJensMartignoniattheworkshoptitled“Sharing ideas forsharingspace” inZurich, July25-27,2016 (seesection3.7)under thetitle„UtopianForcesinthefoundationofNewHousingCooperativesinZurich“.Inthefollowingsectionsisanoverviewofthisresearch.

3.1.1Exploration

In Switzerland,over the last twenty-five years, awholenumberofnewhousingassociationshaveemerged thatwanttorealizenovelornewlyre-discovered"future-oriented"formsofcoexistenceandasustainablewayoflife.They are supported by an environment of constructive squatters, utopian societal designers and progressivearchitects, and over time becamemore andmore anchored in public policy. In this context,models have beendevelopedonhowenvironmentalandclimatecriteriacanbeimplementedstructurallyandintheconstructionofnovelformsofhousingthatarecommunity-oriented,includeadiversityofsocialactors,andthelike.

Figure9:Theposterattachedtothebicycle-standoftheWogenohouse“Klingenstrasse”says“Freeofspeculation:The

cooperatives”(photobyJ.Martignoni)


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A largepartof thesenewcooperativeswerecreated inZurich,whichhasexperiencedahousingboominrecentyears when also many new cooperative apartments have been built. Since 1981, the original ideas have beendifferentiated, developed, established and spread to other cities, as future-oriented living and sustainable livingforms. A first inventory of the utopian and conceptual background of these cooperatives and their sustainableorientationwaselaboratedtodistinguishdifferentcurrentsandideasresultingintoday'ssituation.

Firstly, the foundations for the description of future-oriented housing cooperatives were developed andcorrespondingcooperativeswereidentified;thentheircharacteristics,influences,andhistoricalconnectingpoints,aswellasnewlydevelopedideaswerecatalogued.AsatheoreticalbackgroundJensusedtheutopiancooperativeconceptionofW.W.Engelhardt(referto1990,1998).

3.1.2Identificationoftheobjecttobeexamined

For the identification of the cooperatives to be examined, the following selection criteria for "future-oriented”housingcooperativeswereadapted:

Characteristicsoffuture-orientedhousingcooperatives(basedonSwitzerland):

• Cooperativehousinginthelegalsense• Founding documents or foundation papers, model or statutes with clear utopian elements and the

intentiontorealizethem• Foundingperiodfrom1980(notapplicableforhistoricalcomparisons)

Theseselectioncriteriawereusedtoidentifyninecooperativesandonehistoricalpredecessor,tobemorecloselyexaminedanddescribed.Theresearchquestionswereformulatedas:Fromwheretheyderivedtheirideal,utopianbasis and how this was implemented at the time of the founding. This preliminary data set contains themostimportant,publiclyknownandlargerhousingcooperativesmainlyintheregionofZurich,wheretheseformshavealso been established. From these cooperatives the founding history, the founding documents and otherpublicationswereexamined.

Name Exactdescription Place Establishment

Freidorf HousingCooperativeFreidorf(Historicalcomparison)

Muttenz 1919

WogenoZurich CooperativeWogenoZürich Zurich 1981

GESEWO Gesewo, Cooperative for Self-ManagedHousing

Winterthur 1984

Karthago CooperativeKarthago Zurich 1991

Kraftwerk1 BuildingandHousingCooperativeKraftwerk1 Zurich 1995

Dreieck CooperativeDreieck Zurich 1996

mehralswohnen BuildingCooperativemehralswohnen Zurich 2007

Kalkbreite CooperativeKalkbreite Zurich 2007


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NeNa1 BuildingandHousingCooperativeNeNa1 Zurich 2012

LeNa Building and Housing CooperativeLebenswerteNachbarschaftLeNa

Basel 2015

Table1:Selectedcooperativesinchronologicalorder

3.1.3Utopianelements

As a central feature Jens took “utopian elements” that means proposed ideal societal conditions suggestinginnovationstoreachthem;Utopiaasanintellectualdesign,andawishfulimageofthefuture,usuallyfarfromthepractice, butwith an implication of setting it on the agenda. In practice thismeans that from theUtopia someelementsarebuiltintoconceptswhicharealreadyclosetoreality.Inthecaseofnewcooperatives,suchelementsarebuilte.g.intothelegalformandconceptionsofcommunityanddemocracy,inbasicdocuments,statutesandrules.Thisresultsinahybrideffectincombinationwithtraditionalstructures.

As a resultof theanalysis (seeMartignoni, forthcoming), four sourcesofutopian thoughtand ideas forhousingcooperativescanbedistinguished:

1. Cooperativism: Historical cooperative housing and settlements movement starting from the 19thcentury

2. BaseMovement:Theprotestandbasemovementofthe1980sinZurich3. Community-Utopia:Booksbolo'boloandNeustartSwitzerlandasliteraryutopias4. Sustainability:Theconceptofthe2’000Wattsociety,originallydevelopedbytheETHZurich

Figure10:FourUtopianElementsor“Forces”shapingthefundingimpulsesandmissionstatementsofthenewcooperativesin

Zurich

3.1.4Fundingimpulses

Alltheseutopianideasandconceptsformareservoirofpossibilities,whichwereselectivelypickedupandadaptedbythefoundersofthenewcooperatives.Ananalysisofthestart-upimpulsesoftheselectedcooperativesshows


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thatthestart-upswerefundamentallyinfluencedbyallavailableutopias,butthefocusoftenliesonthelatestor"mostmodern"concept.

Figure11:Sourcesofutopianelementsforthedesignoffuture-orientedhousingcooperativesinSwitzerland.

3.1.5 Secondaryframingfactors

Ontheonehand,thereweretheseideasandelementswhichwereveryimportant,ontheotherhandtherewastheurbancontextthatespecially inZurichevolved intoamoreandmorefavourableone.Asdepicted inTable2below, Jens used seven framing factors to describe these forces and their development in the last 40 years inZurich.

Inhibitiongotstronger(moredifficulties) ↓

Promotiongotstronger(moresupport) ↑

Costthinking,profitability(neoliberaleconomyadvanced) ↓


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Propertyprices(raised,moredifficulttobuy) ↓

Requirements,qualityandbuildinglaws(moredifficult) ↓

Capitalcosts(lower,easiertoraise) ↑

Publicopinion(wonvotes,preferablelawsinstalled) ↑

UrbanPolicy(favourablepolicy,leftgovernment) ↑

Protagonistsandactivists(Strongandmoreprofessionalized) ↑

Table2:TheroleofsevenframingfactorsonthecooperativehousingmovementinZurichthelast40yearsinZurich

ThankstothepositivedevelopmentofimportantsupportivefactorsthesituationtodayinZurichisveryfavourablefornewcooperatives.

3.1.6 Conclusion

Future-orientedhousing cooperatives have emerged in Zurichbecauseutopian concepts andnewhousing ideashavebeenpersistentlypursuedovermore than20years.Theaboveanalysis (seealsoMartignoni, forthcoming)allows identifyingsome important factors,elementsandforcesthathaveshapedthisprocess inorder tospecifythekeyelementsofasuccessfulcooperativehousingmovementandprovideinspirationfornewinitiativesinsideandoutsideSwitzerland,liketheCoHabAthens.

3.2 Kraftwerk1IntranetevaluationandtechnologyworkinggroupThecooperativehousingmovement inZurich isalsoactive inexploring theuseof technology forsupporting thesocialandpoliticallifeinsideacooperative.Manycooperativeshavedeployedlocalwebplatformsaccessibleonlytoresidents.Kraftwerk1isoneofthem,anditisoneoftheoriginalobjectivesofthispilottostudythedesignanduseofKraftwerk1’s“Intranet”.Mein.kraftwerk1.ch(“myKraftwerk1”)offersavarietyoffunctionalitysuchasblogs,news,reservationsystem,andmore,totheresidentsofthedifferentsettlementsofthecooperative,aswellastothemembersofthecooperativewhodonotliveinasettlement.

After a short period of observation, the pilot team quickly realized that mein.kraftwerk1.ch has not achievedsignificantengagementespeciallyattheHardturmsettlement,thecorelocationofourpilot.Thisfactmotivatedusto initiatea long-termparticipatoryprocessaroundthedesignandroleof the Intranet inKraftwerk1.Moreover,teamintendstocreateanew“technologygroup”,tobeincludedinthealreadylonglistofvariousworkinggroups,thatwilldiscussimportantissuesaroundtheroleoftechnologyincooperativehousingprojects.ItisexpectedthatthisprocessthatwasinitiatedonlysixmonthsagowillprovideinvaluablefeedbackforthefurtherdevelopmentoftheMAZItoolkit.

Asa first step,PhilippKlausdesigned togetherwithPanayotisAntoniadis a survey,whichwas finalizedwith thehelpofkeyactors inthecooperative, includingtheadministrationandpeople involvedinthediscussionsaroundtheinitialimplementationoftheIntranetsite.ThesurveyhasbeenlaunchedattheendofMay2017onpaperandonlinewith the FLOSS software limesurvey, a candidate application itself of theMAZI toolkit. At the day of the


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launching, theMAZIpartnersspenttheeveningat thePantoffelbar,discussingwiththe interestedresidents, themotivationbehindthesurveyandtheexpectedoutcomesthroughtheresults’analyses.Atthetimeofwritingofthisdeliverable,inlessthanamonth,thequestionnairehasbeenansweredbymorethan70peopleonlineandby8onpaper(morethan⅓oftheadultpopulationofKraftwerk1/Hardturm).

Looking at two of the most interesting questions for theMAZI topics namely a) the evaluation of the currentfunctionality and new desired features, and b) the character of the technology group, there are already someinterestingobservations likethefactthatthemostwantednewfunctionality isanexchangeplatformforobjectsand services or that themajority is concernedwith the politics of technology while less (around 30% of thoseanswered) would be interested to participate in a technology group. Appendix A includes more detailedinformationandfirstresultsoftheKraftwerk1Intranetevaluationsurvey;amorethoroughstudywillbeincludedinthenextversionofthisdeliverable.

In termsofcommunicating locallywith theKraftwerk1 residents, thepilot teammadea first introductionof theMAZI project on November, 22, 2016, at the opportunity of the plenary assembly of the Kraftwerk1 Hardturmtenants.TheteamoftheZurichpilothasalsolednumerousinternalworkshopsforbrainstorming,preparationoftechnologyforvariouseventsordraftingguidelinesforthedeploymentoftheHybridLetterbox,andtheGuestbookapplicationtobeincludedinMAZItoolkit.

3.3 HybridLetterboxSince the writing of MAZI proposal, the idea of the hybrid letterbox (also called sometimes HYBLBOX – orabbreviated hlb), was very attractive to Kraftwerk1 members, and this was the reason why the project teamincludeditasakeyartefactinMAZIzonesenvisionedtobedeployedinKraftwerk1.

CombinedwithMAZIGuestbookapplication,thehybridletterboxoffersaveryflexibleandinclusivewaytoinvitepeopletosharethoughts,ideas,impressionsondifferenttopics.Ithasthepotentialtobecomeastandardartefactin cooperative housing projects as a means to bridge the digital divide, and at the same time to increase thecollective awareness with low effort and commitments. There are, however, numerous possible framings thatrequireunderstandingofthesuitabledetailsindifferentsituations,especiallyatanearlystagewhenpeoplegettoexperiencethishybridobjectforthefirsttime.

Forthispurpose, theZurichpilotpartnersdecidedtostartexperimentingearlywiththe letterbox,asan internalexerciseinexploringthepotentialusesofthehybridletterboxandthetrainingprocessfornon-technicalpeople.Philipp Klaus and Panayotis Antoniadis engaged in a continuous process of brainstorming and experimentationfocusing on the hybrid letterbox as a core element of the MAZI toolkit (see Appendix B for a brainstormingdocument produced by Philipp Klaus during one of this brainstorming sessions), while waiting for the otherapplicationsandfunctionalitytomature.

AfterasetofguidelineswerepreparedforPhilippKlaustobeabletoinstallonhisownthehybridletterbox,afirstexperimentwascarriedoutonJanuary16,2017,atKraftwerk1'sPantoffelbar,oneofthecandidatelocationsforapermanentinstallationofthehybridletterbox.TheideaofPhilippwastofollowasnowballstrategy:startwithoutanyorganization, just playing around, then continueby creating structure tryingdifferent versions (e.g.,withorwithoutprojector,differenttypesofmotivatingquestions,etc),allthewaytoparticipatoryandcollectivedecisionmakingprocesses.

So, inthefirstevent,nexttothe letterboxtherewasonlyasimplehandwrittensign,andtherewasnoquestionwrittenonthecards.Inadditiontovarioustechnicalissues(e.g., itwasdiscoveredthatintheofflinemodeifthetimeisnotcorrectlysetontheRaspberryPi,manythingsdonotworkasexpected),therewaslimitedengagementby thepeople crossing thePantoffelbar, as itwasnot clear the installation’spurpose. Thepilotpartnersquickly


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realized that deploying aMAZI Zone ismoredifficult thanexpected. Thus the secondexperimentwaspreparedbetter. The team decided to do a permanent installation at the Bürogemeinschaft for oneweekwith a properposter,a laptopnext to the letterbox fordisplaying theMAZIGuestbook,and todrawattentiontherewasevenprovided some home baked pastry (see Figure 12). This time the result was very encouraging. The letterboxcollectedmany cards with different forms of input, andmany ideas for future deployments through the usagepatterns(e.g.,peopleengagingindialoguesthroughtheircards),includingthefollowing:

• It is difficult forpeople toexpress themselveswhen theyareobserved. Itwouldbeuseful todistribute thecardsindifferentlocationstoallowpeopletowriteonthemmoreprivately.

• Itwouldbenicetofindawaytoempowerpeoplenotonlytoanswerbutalsotoaskquestions(e.g.,anactive"question"cardcouldbeplacedontopoftheletterboxandanyonecouldthrowitinsideandreplaceitwithanewone)

Figure12:AvisitoratKraftwerk1’sBureaugemeinschaftcontributingtothelocalMAZIZonethroughtheHybridLetterbox.

Thethreenextdeploymentstookplaceinpublicevents:theDSIfairinRome,theWunderkammerparticipationatthe"ArtActionDay"bytheABZcooperative,andtheDistrictCurrencyGameattheKarthagocooperative.

Figure13:HybridLetterboxandMAZIGuestbookatKarthagocooperativeduringtheDistrictCurrencyGame


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In all cases there was significant participation and engagement with the deployed technology, and additionalexperiencewasgathered,bothtechnicalandpersonal.Thenextstepwillbetodeploywithanappropriateframingthefirst"official"hybridletterboxinstallationinthepremisesofKraftwerk1Hardturm.ThiswilltakeplaceafterthefinalizationoftheIntranetevaluation,andthefirstgatheringsofthetechnologygroupisplannedtocreatebasedonthefeedbackreceivedthroughthesurvey.

3.4 EngagementwithlocalinitiativesandwiththeresearchcommunityAsalreadymentionedintheintroduction,thepilotexpandeditsinitialscopetofourthreadsofresearch,alsoduetotheinterestinDIYnetworkingtechnologyshowedbyvariouscommunitiesinthepreparatoryphasesofthepilot.BeyondtheappliedresearchatKraftwerk1,theZurichpilotteamengagedinvariousactivitiesbridgingtheoreticalresearchwithpractice.Thisencompassesmainlythreecategoriesnamelycommonactivitieswithlocal initiatives,communicatinglocallywiththeresearchcommunityandinvitedtalksabroadrelatedtotheMAZIpilot.

3.4.1 Commonactivitieswithlocalinitiatives

Among the local groups and initiatives that engage in related activities in Zurich, the MAZI pilot team hascollaborationswiththeNeNa1cooperativeandtheneighborhoodForum5im5i,aswellaswiththeLabdevelopingtheOpenkiplatformandwiththeculturalprojectWunderkammer;fordetailedinformationontheseorganizations,refertotheSection2.3onActivegroupsinthecontextofthepilot.

Someexamplesofcommonactivities:TopreventtheprocessoffastgentrificationoftheZurichneighborhoodKreis5,theForum5im5ihasorganizedpetitionsandcitizenactionsinthepublicspace.Throughsuchcivicinitiatives,inwhich theNetHood partners have been actively involved, in 2016 a small local grocery shopwas rescued fromeviction,aswellasthemediaandthemunicipalityofZurichhavebeennotifiedofthecitizens’willtoprotecttheneighborhood land frombeingdeveloped forspeculationor fora futurecongresshouse,and insteadtoallocatemoreof thebuiltuptohousing.Evenmore,onthecurrent locationof thebusstation located in the immediateproximityoftherailwaystation,thegrouphasproposedtodeveloptheNeNa1cooperativehousingandliving.

For these citizen actions to come into being, there is intense preparation in terms of content, organization andlogistics,whichhappenseitherduringtheNeNa1workinggroupsandpublicmeetings(every17thofthemonth),orduringthepubliceventsthattheNeNa1membersorganize.Foralltheseactivities,theDIYnetworkingintheformofMAZItollkitcanplayaverysignificantrole.Forinstance,attheNeNa1publicmeetingonMarch17,2017,theparticipants have played the TimeGame, an idea of Panayotis, to explore how the cooperativemembersmightallocatetheirweeklytimetovariousactivities,privateandpublic,includingworkforthecommongood.Theresultshave been documented by Robert Schikowski, co-president of the NeNa1 cooperative, and the game can bereiteratedinthefuturewiththeuseofMAZItoolkit.

As for the specially organizedNeNa1 events, for example, one of themwas organized onMay 20, 2017 by theNeNa1BoardmembersincollaborationwithateamoffourstudentsfromtheZurichUniversityoftheArts(ZHdK).TheeventwascalledUtopoly,andincludedtalks,aninteractivegame,andanexhibitiononthetopicsoftheNeNa1Charter.InthisoccasionNetHoodhastestedtheinterestfor,andtheusefulnessofaMAZIzone,whichwascalled“Bio-Internet”atthisoccasion.

NetHood initiated the PARLA (PARticipatory LAb) project that works toward the public exposure withinneighborhoodeventsoftheNeNa1ideasandpromotedurbanpractices,andatthesametimetowardnetworkingneighborhoodplaces,initiativesandresidents.Asakick-offeventonJuly17,2017,IleanaApostolwillmoderatearoundtablewiththetopic“FromPolyphonytoHarmony”atEXIL,alocalmusicclub.Duringtheconversations,the


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experienceofajazzmusicianandcomposerwilljointhatofanarchitectandprojectmanageroflargecooperativeprojects, together with an interactive visual artist, a linguistics researcher, a playwright, and a journalist andmoderatorofdeliberations,toexplorethemultiplepossibilitiesofcreatingharmoniousoutcomesofparticipatoryprocessthataffirmgroupdifferencesandvaluediversity.Afterthis‘analogue’event,thenextstepistouseaMAZIzoneasamediatorandcatalystandtomergetheseexperiences.

3.4.2 Communicatinglocallywiththeresearchcommunity

MAZIconceptsandactionshavebeendisseminatedlocally,andadvancedthroughexposuretoandexchangeswiththe research community. In Switzerland NetHood organized a panel including MAZI partners at the 2016 IASCConferenceinBern,andparticipatedwiththeMAZIposterinthe2016Inter-andTransdisciplinarityConferenceinLucerne.

The conference panel with the title “Networking, Comparing, and Integrating Urban Commons Initiatives inResearchandAction”wasmoderatedbyIleanaApostolandincludedinthespeakersPanayotisAntoniadisandJensMartignoni of NetHood and Philipp Klaus of INURA Zurich Institute.Moreover, it has been the first attempt tonetworktheCAPScommunitybyincludingmembersoftheMAZIandthenetCommonsprojects.

Thepanelsummaryreads“Thekeyquestionaddressedinthispanelregardsthecharacteristicsoftechnologythatcansupportand interconnectvariousurbancommoningactivities.Fourdifferentareasofcollectiveaction inthecity are addressed: community networks, social infrastructure, cooperative housing, and community currencies.Every paper introduces one of the above areas of commoning and explores different possibilities for linkagesbetween them as currently explored in two new EU Horizon2020 projects, MAZI, http://mazizone.eu, andnetCommons, http://netcommons.eu. A long-term vision of these research consortia is to collaborate towardpromotingaspiritofsustainable living,whileadvancing therichEuropeandemocraticheritagethroughresearchandaction.Theywishtodothiswithinspecificculturesthatshapetheircurrentandfuturecollectivelivinginthemidstofdiversity.”

FromMAZIconsortiumtwoabstractshavebeensubmitted.OnebyApostol,GavedandUnteidigdiscussestheroleof ICTs, andDIY networking solutions in particular, for the small scale social infrastructures of urban spaces forcollectivelife,touchingupontheroleoftechnologyincreatingalternativematerializationsofsocialspace,andinfacilitatingsociallearningprocesses.

The second abstract by Philipp Klaus presents the “young” cooperative housing and living projects in Zurich,throughtheexampleofKraftwerk1,asanexampleofgrassrootssocialinfrastructuresattheneighborhoodlevel.

Rather than a series of individual presentations, the panel offeredmultiple dialogues that aim to network andintegratethespecificfacetsofurbancommoning,byreflectingonpotentialinterconnections.

Atthe2016SwissInter-andTransdisciplinarityDayinLuzern,NetHoodpresentedaposterontheMAZIprojectasanexampleofatransdisciplinaryproject.ThiswasanopportunitytomakeademoanddeployaMAZIzone(seeFigure15)thatenhancedtheunderstandingoftheprojectcontent,forwhichtheNetHoodteamreceivedstronginterest including that element of surprise that comeswith the realization that configuring ICTsmaybe in non-techyhands.Intheeveningworkshopofthisconference,theinterdisciplinaryresearchofMAZIwasplacedwithinothersimilarendeavors,whichdiscussedspecificaspectsofresearchscheduling, fundingopportunities,delays inintegratingfindingsintomeaningfulresultsandallsortsofdimensionsthatarenotwelltakenintoaccountinthecurrentresearchenvironment.


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3.4.3 Communicatingwiththeinternationalresearchcommunity

In addition to participating in local conferences in Switzerland, there has been an intense activity of the pilotpartners in conferences abroad. For instance in July (3-8), 2016 at theWorld Planning Schools Congress in Rio,Brazil, Ileana Apostol gave two talks inspired byMAZI pilot research namely “Cooperative housing and living inSwitzerland”and“DIYnetworkingasaboundaryobjectfortransdisciplinaryeducation.”Thelatterwasincludedinapanelon“Methodsandmethodologies” inplanning,which stimulatedvery interestingconversationsaroundanovel take on the "boundary object" concept, while the first talk has placed the topic of the MAZI pilot ininternationalperspectivethroughvariousgrassrootsexamplespresentedinthepanelof“HousingandCommunityDevelopment.”SomeoftheseconversationshavebeenincludedintheMAZIdeliverableD3.2,andtheymakethesubjectoffuturescholarlypublications.

Alsoinaninterdisciplinaryandinternationalconferencebythename“CityStreets”organizedbytheNotreDameUniversity in Beirut, Lebanon, inNovember (9-11), 2016, Ileanawas invited to give a talk in the panel “Streets:Urban diversity and social justice” thatwas the beginning of anotherMAZI pilot related draft article, forwhichmoreinsightscamewiththeoccasionoftheinvitedtalkattheNovaIskrainBelgrade,Serbia.

Recently inMay2017,PanayotisAntoniadiswas invited tomoderateapanelat theConferenceonCommons inThessaloniki,Greece(May7),followedbya20mininterviewincludedinaprogramofthenationaltelevision(ERT3)called“Antidrastirio”,broadcastedonMay25thandMay29th<http://webtv.ert.gr/ert3/25me2017-antidrastirio-kina-ke-kinoniki-allilengya-ikonomia/>

3.5 DisseminationofMAZIconceptthroughtheINURAnetworkAt the 2016 INURA Conference in Bucharest, NetHood together with INURA Zurich Institute organized MAZIworkshop“Toolsforurbanactivism”onSeptember2,whichhadafollowupattheretreatinSibiel(September10).Theaimof theworkshopwas to introduceDIY ICT technologies toparticipants in the INURAconference,and toexplore ways of enabling urban activists to pursue their objectives with the support of such technologies. 40participantsattendedtheworkshop,whichfeaturedapanelofnineactivistsfollowedbyroundtablediscussions,aswellasanintroductorydemotoDIYnetworkingtechnologyandahalf-daydemoattheretreat.Theevent’swebsiteis at <https://inura16.wordpress.com/mazi-workshop>. The INURAconferencehasbeendocumented indetail indeliverableD3.6.

AtMAZIWorkshopinBucharest,theMinistryofSpacecollectivefromBelgradereceivedaconfiguredRaspberryPitobedeployedduringtheirurbanactionscontestingtheBelgradeonWaterproject.Threemonthsafter,withtheoccasion of theNetHood talk at Nova Iskra, Panayotis explained to a larger local audience,many ofwhom areactivistsengagedinthestruggleagainstthedevelopmentoftheBelgradeonWaterproject,whattheadvantagesof DIY networking are and how aMAZI zonemay be configured and deployed. The successful demowasmuchappreciated by the audience as well as by the NetHood team who is still quite moved when the MAZI zonedeploymentrunswithoutproblems.

Another aftermath of MAZI Workshop in Bucharest is the collaboration with the Zurich based projectWunderkammer,wheretheHybridLetterboxhasbeenalreadyexperimentedwithduringprojectevents.

3.6 InstantiationsofMAZIzonesatvariouseventsandactivitiesBymeans of a Raspberry Pi equippedwith some of the currentMAZI toolkit software like the Etherpad or theOwn/NextClowdforsharingdocumentsandphotographs,theZurichteamhasdeployedMAZIzonesfortestinginvariousoccasions. Forexample, at the INURA retreat in Sibiel, the firstdayof individual talks that tookplace in


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open air, theMAZI Raspberry Pi was placed in themiddle of the group, to collect impressions and test users’interest.AsimilartestwasdonealsoinZurichwiththe“BioInternet”attherecentNeNa1UtopolyWorkshop(seeFigure15).

CurrentlysuchexperimentsdevelopedintotheGuestbookoftheMAZItoolkit.Anotherinstantiationwasdeployedwhilepresenting theMAZIposter in Lucerne, tobroadcastphotographs takenduring themorning sessions.Andanother examplewas used during theMAZI demowithin the talk at Nova Iskra in Belgrade, to create a locallyhosted forumon theMAZI etherpad,which could facilitate ad-hocdeliberations for organizing various civic andstreethappenings.

Figure14:AMAZIzoneattheINURAretreatinSibiel,September7-10,2016

Figure15:TheMAZIzoneattheSwissInter-andTransdisciplinaryDay,November7,2016


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Figure16:TheMAZIzoneattheNovaIskrainBelgrade,January19,2017

Figure17:TheMAZIzonebythename“BioInternet”deployedbyNeNa1’sboardmemberThomasRaosetaattheNeNa1

UtopolyWorkshop,May20,2017

3.7 KnowledgetransferandtheCoHabAthensprojectTheKraftwerk1pilotisdedicatedtotheKNOWLEDGEframingasdescribedindetailinthedescriptionofwork.TherationalebehindthisspecializationofthisMAZIpilottoasingleframingwasthefactthatmembersofcooperativehousingprojects likeKraftwerk1alreadyformstrongcommunitiesthatspenda lotoftime insocial,politicalandothercommonactivities.Thismakesthemreluctanttoparticipate in“yetanothercommunityactivity”especiallywhenthisisinitiatedfromanEUproject.


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However,sharingknowledgewithexternalactorstowardthereplicationandexpansionofthissuccessfulmodelisin general an objective that is always valid independently of the perceptions of themembers of a cooperativeregardingtheirownsituation.It isalsopossiblethattheengagementinaprocessofreflectingoflessonslearnedcanhelpalsointhelocalcollectiveawarenessinwaysthat“explicit”processescannotachieve,especiallyinsuch“experienced”communities.Forthis,DIYnetworkingcanplayakeyrole.

But for this process to be successful it is important to frame the particular context that a knowledge transferprocesswillbesituated.Forthis,theMAZI-teamdecidedtoengageearlyintheprojectinterestedresearchersfromAthens,whomhadbeenparticipatingattheINURAconferenceinBucharest:DimitraSiatitsa,anactivememberofINURAAthens,andConstantinaTheodorou,anarchitectandactivistinhousingissues,atthattimememberoftheinitiative KOINO Athina (Common Athens). More specifically, in July 25-27, 2016, NetHood and INURA ZurichInstitute organized a three-day nomadic workshop titled “Sharing ideas for sharing space”,http://nethood.org/housing/zurich/, including 15 speakers, 2 roundtables, and 6 tours/visits of housingcooperatives:Klingenstrasse23*Wogeno(started1984),Hellmineu,Brauerstrasse75*Wogeno(started1990),DasDreieck(started1996),Kalkbreite(started2013),MehralsWohnen(started2015),andofcourseKraftwerk1.

Duringtheworkshopsmallerandlargergroupsdiscussedaboutwhatisgenericandwhatiscontext-specificintheconception,designandimplementationofthesecooperativehousingandlivingprojectsinZurich.

ThegoalwastostimulatelocalgroupsinAthens,likeKOINOAthinaandINURAAthens,todevelopsimilarprojectsinspiredfromandadaptedtotheGreekreality.Atthesametime,thisexchangewasalsoanopportunityforself-reflection for theactiveparticipants in Zurich,potentiallyhelping theexistingprojects toadjust to the changinglandscapeandrequirementsoffutureprojects,similarlytotheNeNa1learningprocessfrompreviousexperienceswithKraftwerk1andKalkbreite.

Figure18:Sharingideasforsharingspace:OneoftheguidedtoursattheKraftwerk1’sHardturmsettlementbyPhilippKlaus

(left)andoneoftheworkshopsonknowledgetransferatKalkbreite(right)

Thediscussion then continuedat theGreekPavilionof theVeniceArchitectureBiennalewith the#ThisIsACo-opworkshop “Co-housing practices. Building protocols for Athens”, October 26-30, 2016. The workshop was co-organizedbytheMAZIprojectandthenewlyformedCo-HabAthensteam,including16speakers,6panelsessions,2 parallel workshops, and one debriefing session. See: http://thisisaco-op.gr/en/events-press/events/34-co-housing-practices-inventing-prototypes-for-athens-26-28-30-october-venice.html

Asdescribedinsection4.2.3,thesetwoworkshopssucceededintheiroriginalgoalandtheydidinitiatealong-termprocessdrivenbyCoHabAthens,whichnowincludesinitsmembersDimitraSiatitsaandToniaEkaterini(president


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oftheassociationofGreekarchitects),andwhichhasorganizedseveralworkshops,panels,engagingintheprocessalsotheExarcheianeighbourhoodassociationtodevelopconcreteactionplans.

In Zurich, theparticipants in thedifferentworkshops co-createda simpleetherpaddocumenthostedonMAZI’sdemo server, http://demo.mazizone.eu:9001/p/zurich_housing_comparison, with a short classification of thedifferentmodelsdevelopedinZurich,whichcanbecomeovertimeaveryhelpfulresourcebothinsideandoutsideSwitzerland.Someofthismaterialwillbesoonincludedintheplatformhttp://o500.org.


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4.Evaluation

4.1 ComparisonwiththeotherMAZIpilotsFigure19depictsthe initialcomparativetableofMAZIpilotsas includedinMAZIDoWandwhoseupdatedviewfortheKraftwerk1pilotisincludedinTable3.

Figure19:TheinitialcomparativetableintheDoW

Pilot/Variables NetHood/INURAZurichKraftwerk1

Context Cooperative housing and living complex (~300 residents) Kraftwerk1, new housingcooperative NeNa1, Forum 5im5i for face-to-face interactions in the neighborhoodandtheOpenkiplatformforonlineorganizationandface-to-faceexchanges,groupofinitiativeinAthens(Co-Hab),INURAcoopinitiativefornetworking


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Framing Information,Knowledge

Toolkit • Boundaryobjectbetweenthedifferentinitiatives• Communitymapping• Synthesisofcontent• Knowledgeproduction• Archivingknowledge/sharedstorage• •Dissemination/Broadcasting

Actors Communitycatalysts/organizers

Duration Longterm/continuous

Designprocess Deliberations;Interdisciplinarystructuresforinformationsharing

Evaluation Activity;ParticipantObservation;Interviews;Surveys

Phases Following the phases described in the DoW with some adjustments to thedevelopmentwithinthepilot

Table3:UpdatedversionofthecriteriainFigure19fortheZurichPilot

AccordingtotheadvancedstructureforcomparisonsproposedindeliverableD3.8,whoseapplicationtotheBerlinand the London pilots is already documented in deliverable D3.6, Table 4 below displays the six principles ofengagedresearch(6P’s:Hollimanetal.2013)fortheKraftwerk1pilot.

PrinciplesandtheirDefinition/Pilot NetHood/INURAZurichKraftwerk1

Preparedness identifying local contexts,understanding of the challenges tobe faced, the researchers’preparations fordealingwiththesechallenges

The Kraftwerk1 community and related initiativesincluding the new cooperative housing projectNeNa1; challenges: cooperative members beingsaturatedfromextensiveand intensiveparticipatorypractices; researchers became active members ofthese communities and initiated workshops onknowledge transfer independently from technology,on the one hand, and on the other hand broughtattention to questions regarding the use oftechnologyincooperativehousingprojects.

Politics understanding the local social andpolitical contexts in which theresearchwouldbecarriedout

The ‘young’cooperatives inZurichareplacedwithina movement for sustainable city life of a societybeyondwork; it has reachedwide agreement so tobecome a city policy, having citizens’ and publicauthorities’support;themovementisexposedtothechallenges thatwestern democracies face in copingwith diversity, having to provide for itsrepresentation, for the right to difference, and tointegrate individual choices into collective decisions


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etc; thus enabling the organization of theseprocessesiscrucial

People identifying the people that will beinvolved or affected by the work:the researchers, the communitypartners with whom are engagedandanyotherparticipantsthatmaybeaffected

Inthefirstphaseof thepilotwas focusedespeciallyon the people affected or engaged in the appliedresearch including Philipp Klaus of INURA ZurichInstitute.Theteamalsocreatedstronglinkswithkeyactors of related initiatives like NeNa1,Wunderkammer, and Openki in Zurich and theCoHabinitiativeinAthens.

Purposes clarifyingtheaimsandobjectivesofthe research from the perspectiveof MAZI, the participants involvedandotherstakeholders

Enablinginformationsharingbetweenstrangers;therole of ICTs and the MAZI toolkit in mediating theproduction of knowledge, documentation andstorage of information on the topic of cooperativehousing; developing user guidelines and structuresfor knowledge transfer; add network infrastructureand services in the agenda of cooperative housingprojectsasacommons.

Processes pinningdowntheapproachandthemethods of data collection andtechniques of analysis used toevaluateimpacts

In Kraftwerk1 pilot MAZI couuld take advantage ofthe positioning of the pilot partners in thecooperativehousingecosystemandexperimentwithasomehow“reversed”participatoryprocessinwhichtheresearchersparticipateactivelyintheactivitiesofthecommunityandeventuallybecomepartofit.

Performances considering what was found andthe extent to which this met theobjectivesoftheresearch

Phase 1 has been completed (analyses of theIntranet)aswellasthetakeoffofrelatedgroupsandinitiativessuchasCo-HabandINURAcoopinitiative.

Table4:The6PrinciplesofEngagedResearchforZurichPilot

4.2 MeasurableimpactTheactivitiesofNetHoodandINURAZurichInstituteinthecontexttheMAZIpilothadsignificantimpactintermscitizen engagement, connecting people and networking, such as reaching to 40 activists coming from over 10countrieswhoparticipated in theMAZIworkshopat the2016 INURAconference,orover20 individual speakerswho participated in the two knowledge transfer events organized in Zurich in July and in October 2016 at theVeniceArchitectureBiennale.

However, impact ismore evident through the effort of external actors in engagingwith thepilot’s objectives intermsoffinancinginvitedtalksandcontributionstopublications,andmostimportantrunningindependentrelatedprojects.AsummaryofsuchactivitiesthatprovidemeasurableimpactoftheKraftwerk1pilotisgivenbelow.


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4.2.1 ExposureofMAZIinlocalgroupsandcommunities

Within the INURA coop initiative and as an aftermath of the MAZI workshop at the 2016 INURA Conference,PanayotisAntoniadisandIleanaApostolofNetHoodwereinvitedbytheNovaIskrainBelgrade,Serbia,toconfereon January 19, 2017; the organizers’ intentionwas to bring the perspective onDIY networking and cooperativehousingwithinthestudiesofthecommons.Therefore,NetHood’stalk“Therighttothehybridcity”inthecourseby the name “Studies on the Commons” opened up possibilities that follow up street protests toward claimingfavorableactiontoinfluencetheformulationofurbanpolicies,thecaseinpointbeingcooperativehousing.Inthecontext of the processes of developing cooperative housing in Zurich, Panayotis has presented the role of DIYtechnology,while Ileana has reflected upon the hybridity of space, particularly on themetaphor of the “hybridsidewalk”, and consequently upon the transformationof urban struggle andactionbymeansofDIYnetworkingtechnology.

RecentlyinMay2017,asanoutcomeoftheinterestraisedbytheMAZIproject,IleanaApostolwasinvitedtogiveatalkontheMAZIpilottopic,andtomoderatetworelatedworkshopsontheroleofdigitaltechnologyinresourcingcommunity resilience,at theEcoDASymposiumon“Opensourceurban resilience” inSheffield,UK (25-26May).Theresearchfocus intheEcoDAproject isprimarilyoncivicaspectsofurbanresilience,by investigatingwaysofscaling individual community resilience practices and exploring opportunities for using digital technologies toconnect and amplify them through processes of commoning. Therefore, in the two days workshops at thesymposium, the pilot partners explored the possibilities to enable citizens to build their own local networks, inwaysthatarerespectful to their rights toprivacy,difference, freedomofexpressionandself-determination.TheEcoDAsymposiumwasanopportunity forexchangingknowledgeandbestpracticesaswellas fordisseminationandnetworking.

4.2.2 IndividualsengagedinthedeploymentofMAZIZones

NeNa1 board member Thomas Raoseta came in close contact with the topic of theMAZI project through thetranslationinGermanofabookchapterwrittenbyPanayotisAntoniadis(seeSection4.2.4).Thomasisactivesincethe90sinvariousexperimentswithnovelformsofco-living,andplayedakeyroleinmanyofthemlikebeingco-founder of Kalkbreite, while at the same time being an autodidact in software development, having workedprofessionally for various companies like SSR-Reisen (touroperator),Day Software (internet startup), andRocheDiagnostics.

ThomasisanidealactorthatcanpromotetheideasofMAZI.HavinganengineeringbackgroundandatthesametimeveryactiveinthecooperativehousingmovementinZurich,andespeciallyonadvocacyanddisseminationlikethecurationofanexhibitionontheDreieckcooperativehousingprojecttitled”utopiaturnsintoarolemodel”atPhotobastei,Zurich.Indeed,hegotveryinterestedintheMAZItoolkitanddeployedhisownMAZIZonetitled“Bio-Internet”(seeFigure17)duringafulldayworkshoptitledUtopoly,alsoatPhotobastei.

Havingexternalactorsexperimentingwith theMAZI toolkit in suchanearly stageof theproject isan importantachievementofthepilot.

4.2.3 ExternalresearchersandactivistsengagingintheKraftwerk1pilotprocess

Alexandros Papageorgiou is an Anthropologist enrolled in 2016 in the Department of History, Archaeology andSocialAnthropologyoftheUniversityofThessaly,asaPhDcandidate[http://www.ha.uth.gr/index.php?page=post-phdcandidates-search.list–inGreek].


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The titleofhis thesis is: ‘Collaborativenetworks inAthens today:newpossibilitiesof coexistence through inter-local knowledge transfer’ with supervisor Penelope Papailias (Associate Professor of Social Anthropology at theUniversity of Thessaly). His research focuses on processes of knowledge transfer between collectivities fromdifferentcountriesinEuropeandcollectivitiesinAthensandonnewformsofcoexistenceinthecitythroughtheactionofthesecollaborativebottom-upinitiatives, liketheones initiatedbyNetHoodinthecontextoftheMAZIproject.

PapageorgiouperceivedthusNethoodasanextremelypertinentactor-informantforhisstudy,sinceitoperatesasakeyactorincreatingnetworksofknowledgeexchangeandsharing,employinganovelmethodologicalapproachonengagedparticipatorydesign.

In the context of this work, Alexandros took part at the 1st National Conference on Commons and Social andSolidarityEconomyinGreece,organizedbytheAristotleUniversityofThessalonikibetweenMay4thand7th2017.OnMay5th,hepresentedhisinterventionunderthetitle:‘Networksofknowledgesharingfortheimplementationof co-housing and collective ownershipmodels in Athens’ - https://commonsseauth.wordpress.com/program-in-english/.RightafterthepresentationhewasapproachedbythejournalistPanosKasarisofthepublicTVnetworkERT3andhegaveaninterviewoncooperativehousingfortheTVprogram‘Antidrastirio’whichwasairedonMay25th-http://webtv.ert.gr/ert3/25me2017-antidrastirio-kina-ke-kinoniki-allilengya-ikonomia/(min.26:55–42:23ofthebroadcast).

Co-Habco-organizedseveraleventswithNethoodandInuraduringthepastyearafterthe#ThisIsACo-opeventatthe Venice Biennale (October 2016), including the presentation of their project at the Greek Association ofArchitects(February2017),underthetitle:‘Collectivehousing&ownershipinGreece:missionimpossible?’

<https://www.facebook.com/events/411043105900683/>.

DuringthefirstyearofresearchtheCo-HabteamidentifiedthefollowingchallengesrelatedtohousinginAthens:

• HousingInsecurity• Unemploymentandrisinglevelsofpoverty• Hightaxationandriseofhousingmaintenancecosts• DegradationofthecenterofAthens• Realestatespeculation,transitionfrom‘small’to‘bigproperty’• Highpercentageofvacant,inactivepropertythatdeteriorates,consequentlyitcannotbeused,itagesand

renovationcostswouldbeveryhigh.• Lackofsocialwelfare,offundingandsupportfromtheState

OneofthegoalsoftheCo-Habinitiativeistodiscusstheproblemsthatthecityfacesandtoexplorethepossibilitytocreateoneormoremodelsofco-housinginAthens.Atfirst,thecentralideawasthatthemodelofco-ownershipofabuildingandofpropertygenerallycanbecomeatoolagainstspeculation,gentrificationandcommodificationof urban space. It is a known fact that inGreece the fragmentation of ownership is basically a problem for thecommunicationbetweenowners (whoareoftenrelatives)and for thedecisions thatneed tobe taken,howeverthischaracteristicconstitutesanobstacleforspeculationaswell,ithassloweddownpredatorytendencies.IncasesofotherEuropeancities,likeLeipzigorZurich,asimilarmodelofco-ownershiphasbeenusedbyanti-gentrificationhousing projects (like the Mietshauser Syndikat), precisely because the complexity of buying procedures of abuildingbymanyindividualscanprotectitfromafuturesaleandareturntotherealestatemarket.

So,at thevariousmeetingsthemembersofCo-HabpresentedfacetsofGreekreality (emptybuildings,propertyauctions, fragmented ownership) to members of initiatives from abroad who have long been involved incooperativehousingpractices,inorderforthemtosuggestpossiblewaysforward,basedontheirownexperience.

TheconclusionwasthattwopossiblemodelscouldbeexaminedaspilotprojectsforAthens:


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1. Cohesivemodel –According to thismodel the cooperativewouldacquire anentirebuildingor citybloc(especiallyforthelatteritisdifficultfortheagreementofallparticipantstobeachieved).

2. Dispersedmodel –According to thedispersedmodel,manyapartments indifferentbuildingsof thesame neighborhood would be acquired. This idea has been put forward because it is hard toencounter anentire vacantbuildingon sale. Besides, this kindof property is aimedalsoby foreigninvestmentfunds.Theapartmentswouldhavetobeinphysicalproximity,e.g.aroundasquare.Apartfrom residences, some of the apartments could house common spaces, like kindergarten, officespace, space for activities or care for the elderly and/or could be rented out for the coverage ofexpenses,preferablytocooperativebusinessactivity.

The discussion quickly reached the point of talking about the budget, sources of funding, going beyond legalobstaclesandotherfinalstageissues,howeverthehumanforcetosupporttheendeavordidnotyetexist.

Severaldifferenceswithforeigncontextsandproblemsofimplementationwereidentified:

• No‘tradition’insimilarpractices• Insecurity,lackoftrust• Theideaofco-ownershipisunattractiveinGreece,

Asfarasthedispersedmodelisconcerned,managementofthebuildingisnotpossible

Co-Habisavoluntarygroup,whichraisesanissueofcommitment.Theyneedtoenlargethecircleofpeoplewhowouldbeactivelyinvolved.Howcantheydoit?

DoesthecollectivesubjectthatwouldenablethisinitiativetomaterializeinGreeceexist?

Takingalltheaboveintoaccount,theteamdecidedtotakeastepbackandworkmoreindepthandwithalong-termperspective.There isnoreadysolution,whileobstaclesabound.Twopointshavebeen identifiedascrucialrequirements for a successful endeavor of collective ownership co-housing: the education οn the collectivemanagementofaspaceandtheestablishmentoftrustrelationships.

Plannednextstepsasaresultoflessonslearnedincludethefollowing:

• Investigatingtheeffectivelegalframeworkinordertocomeupwithsuggestionsforitsimprovement• Organizingworkshopsinneighborhoods,spreadingtheideaanddiscussingit• Graduallyco-creatingarealisticfirstmodel,economicallyviableandlegallyshielded.• Investingintime,inthecontextofanexperimentalprocessofcoexistence

AsmentionedaboveregardingtheCo-Habinitiative,oneoftheirobjectivesistoexplorethepotentialsandlimitsof theexisting institutional framework and to formulate specific proposals that couldbe adoptedunder currentcircumstances.Moreover, thedisseminationof the ideaof collectivehousing constitutes an integral part of thisresearcheffortandit isaimedto informandacquaintthepublicat largewithassociatedpracticesandmethods.Parallel to the research on existing cases from abroad, the next steps of the initiative include workshops inneighborhoodsandinsituprocessingofexamplesthatcouldaddresslocalproblems.Suchschemesshouldachievebalancebetweenthelong-termprocessesthatarerequiredforthesuccessfulcreationofacollaborativeproject–allthemoresointhecaseofcooperativehousing–ontheonehand,andtheurgencytodevelopalternativesforthemultipleneedsthathaveemergedduringthecrisisinGreece,ontheother.

InthebeginningofJune2017(9-11th),the4thEuropeanSocialSolidarityEconomyCongress‘UniverSSE2017’tookplace inAthens and theCo-Hab teamparticipatedwith twoevents,whichwere coveredby themediaplatform“The press project” <https://cohabathens.com/2017/06/09/an-article-at-press-project-about-our-participation-at-universse-2017/>.During the firstevent, ‘Collective formsofhousingandownership:ExperiencesandConcerns’


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<https://universse2017.org/en/program/#s1618>, the actions of the initiative so far were briefly presented byDimitraSiatitsa,whiletwospeakersfromabroadalsosharedtheirexperience.

Figure20:ThomasDawancepresentingtheCommunityLandTrustmodelattheUniversse2017paneltitled‘Collectiveformsof

housingandownership:ExperiencesandConcerns’andmoderatedbyPanayotisAntoniadis(NetHood)

ThomasDawancepresentedtheworkoftheCommunityLandTrustofBrussels(CLTB),anon-profitinstitutionthatimplementsanalternativemodelof landuseandhousingasananswertothehousingcrisis thataffectsthecitysince 2000. Javier Buron,manager of housing issues for theMunicipality of Barcelona then took the floor via askypeconnectionanddescribedtheproblemsthatthecityfacesinrelationtohousing,aswellasthepoliciesthattheMunicipalityimplementstofighttheseproblems,withintheframeworkofsocialhousing.

Members of Co-Hab Tonia Katerini and Konstantina Theodorou concluded the cycle of interventions; KaterinianalyzedtheissueofthegrowinghousingprecarityinGreeceandTheodoroupresentedpossiblescenariostowardthe implementation of a cooperative model of ownership/housing for the city of Athens, based on researchconductedoverthepastyear.ItisimportanttonotethattheadditionofToniaKaterini,chairoftheadministrativeboardoftheGreekAssociationofArchitectsandmemberofthe‘StopAuctions’movement,wasessentialfortheteam, as she provides expertise on issues related to the legal framework of housing and land use, especiallyconcerningevictionsandpropertyauctions.

After an interesting round of Q&A, the discussion would resume the following day, at the second event; aworkshop that Co-Hab organized in cooperation with the Exarheia Residents’ Initiative<https://universse2017.org/en/program/#k1214>. This workshop was a first preparatory step toward therealizationofaseriesofworkshopsessionsthatwilltakeplacewiththeExarheiaResidents’Initiative,startingnextOctober and continuing throughout the next year, during which participants will work on one (or more) pilotproposal(s)fortheneighbourhood,graduallyleadingtothecreationofahousing/neighborhoodcooperative.

Ina vibrantdiscussionwhosegoalwas toexplore localneedsanddesires,manydifferentandoftencontrastingneedswereexpressed,amongwhichthesharedconcernaboutvacantbuildingsorthefutureofneighbourhoods


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and of life in the city center - commodification, gentrification, depopulation and transformation into aneighbourhooddestinedmainlyforamusementandnightlife-,whiletherequestforaparadigmshiftandtheturntowardmorecollectivesolutionswasconveyedbymanyvoices. Itwasafruitfulandpromisingconversation.Theparticipantsseemedeagertosharetheirthoughtsandopinions;theyacknowledgedthecomplexityoftheneedsoftheneighbourhoodandthenecessitytounderstandthemandtheyexpressedvariousproposalsforpositiveactionthatcanbetakeninthefuture.

Nevertheless,theaimoftheinitiativeisnottolimitthefieldofexperimentationinExarheia,buttohelpspreadtheidea so thatmore local communities can gather to discuss their special needs and theways inwhich they canaddress these needs. To this end,members of Co-Hab have already contacted the residents’ assemblies in twootherneighbourhoodsofAthens,withtheprospectofstartingworkshopsthereaswell,fromOctoberonwards.Asin the case of Exarheia or any other locality, paradigms from abroad will be shared to operate as sources ofinspiration,butthedifferentgroupsofresidentswillbeencouragedtoconsidertheirownconditionsandreflectonsolutionsthatareuniquelyapplicabletotheirowncase.

4.2.4 The“DifferentCity”Book

Through the engagement of NetHood in different activities inside and outside Kraftwerk1, Panayotis AntoniadiscameinclosecontactwithHansWidmer(akaP.M.),authorofthebookbolo’bolowhichplayedakeyrole inthedevelopmentofthe“young”cooperativehousingmovementinZurich(seesection3.1.3).Panayotisdevelopedthewebsitehttp://o500.orgasadisseminationprojectofNeustartSchweizinEnglish,whichisexpectedtoplayakeyrolealsointheknowledgetransferprocessinitiatedbytheMAZIpilot.

ThroughthiscollaborationPanayotiswas invitedtowriteabookchapter inanewbookthathastheambitiontodevelopkeyconceptsforthefutureofsustainablelivinginthecitybasedonthecommons.Morespecifically,thebookprojecttitled“DieAndereStadt”(TheDifferentCity),editedbyHansWidmerwith8co-authors,andfundedbytheStiftungSergioAgustoni(Zurich),isexpectedtobepublishedonAugust2017andwillbefreelydistributedonline in addition to 2000 free hard copies. The book chapter authored by Panayotis Antoniadis is titled “TheOrganicInternet:BuildingCommunicationsNetworksfromtheGrassroots”andincludeskeyconceptsaroundtheMAZIproject.ItistranslatedinGermanbyThomasRaoseta,boardmemberofNeNa1,whogotveryinterestedintheMAZIprojectandasdescribedabovehasalreadystartedexperimentingwiththeMAZItoolkit.

TheinclusionofachapteronDIYnetworkinginsuchakeypublicationforthecooperativemovementinZurichwillfacilitatesignificantlyourfutureeffortstoengagemembersofdifferentcooperativehousingprojectwiththeMAZItoolkit.Notably,thebookpresentationwilltakeplaceatKraftwerk1’sBrasserieBernoulli,anidealopportunitytodisseminatetheobjectivesoftheMAZIpilotinZurichandinvitepeopletobecomepartofit.


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5.DiscussionandOutlookAftersummarizingthekeyactivitiesandhowtheyhave fulfilledthepromisesof the firstphase, in thissectionabriefoverviewofthefutureoutlook,intermsofwhatactionsareundertakeninthenextphasesispresented.

The first “observation phase” of the Kraftwerk1 pilot took place in parallel with a much more intense thananticipatedparticipationofthepilotpartnersindifferentlocalinitiativeslikeNeNa1and5im5i,andtheinitiativeoftheknowledgetransferprocesswithGreekorganizationslikeCoHabAthensandINURAAthens.Thepilotpartnersadapted to importantopportunities to initiate theanticipated knowledgeexchangeprocessbetweenZurich andAthensmuchearlierthanexpected,duetoanopportunitytoorganizeakeyeventatthe2016VeniceArchitectureBiennale. Similar opportunities appeared for active participation in organizations like the Forum 5im5i, NeNa1housingcooperative,andtheWunderkammerproject,whichdirectedtheattentiontothoseactivitiesratherthanthepassiveobservationoftheonlinelifeinKraftwerk1.

Thisturn inthepilotdevelopmentallowstoadvancetheprocess inall three“threads” inparallel,namelyhybridspacedesignatKraftwerk1(1),knowledgeexchangeandnetworkinginZurich(2)andinAthens(3),andallowformoreinformeddecisionsregardingthedeploymentofMAZItoolkit.

Although the pilot teamundertakes applied research in Kraftwerk1,mainly the pilot refers neither to a specificurban location like in thecaseof theNAk inPrinzessinnengarten,nor toacertaingeographicalareasuchas thecaseofCreeknetalongtheDeptfordCreek.Tobeginwith,onlytheKraftwerk1cooperativehasdevelopedalreadythreesettlementsspreadaroundinthecityandintheoutskirtsofZurich.Thepilotdealsratherwithamovementpromotingsustainableurbanlifestyle,thathastakenoffmorethanthreedecadesagowiththeintentiontobringintoactiontheideasemergedduringtheemancipationofyouthinZurich,andhasmaterializedinvariousactions(seemapinSection2).Thusthechallengeofthefuturestepsistodevelopamannerofanalysingandinterveninginanalreadynetworkedenvironment.

NotethattheZurichpilotwasscheduledtostartaftertheBerlinandLondonpilots,inordertointegratetheinitiallessons learned through these two firstpilots.As it seemsso far, thedevelopmentof these twopilots convergetoward the networked framework as well. Based on the team’s first hand observations through the Berlin andLondon workshop, but also additional visits during the Transmediale festival, the Deptford workshop, andinteractions during the INURA conference, themost important lessons learned from these twoMAZI pilots cansummarizedasfollows.Ontheonehand,inBerlin,itprovedtobeasuccessfulstrategytopresenttechnologytourbanactivists as a “contested” space, subject to variouspower gamesandpresentMAZI toolkit as ameans toexperiment,learn,anddemystifytechnology,asafirststeptowardclaimingtheparticipantsrightstotheinternet.Then it was communities coming to the Berlin team and asking for support rather than the opposite. Theparticipation in key public events in the city like Transmediale and re:publica helped to engage communitieswithout“chasing”them.Ontheotherhand,inLondon,thecommunitiesaremuchmorediverseandthereismuchlessofanalreadyprominent“activism”attitude,withsomeexceptionsofcourse.Thenthesuccessfulstrategy inthiscasewastotakeastepbackandfocusonthebuildingofthecommunityaroundkeychallengesfacedinthisdistrict.

AnimportantlessonfromthefirstphaseofthepilotinZurichisthatlocalcommunitiesshouldbetterbeaccessednotaspotentialusersofthetechnologybutratherresearchersmayengageintheiractivitiesandgenuinelyexplorethelocalneedsandunderstandtowhatextenttechnologicalapproachescanprovidesolutionstorealproblems.

ThusinKraftwerk1thepilotteamfollowsasimilar“slowstart”strategywithslightlydifferentcharacteristicsduetothespecificcontext.ThisstrategyhasbeenalsoapositivesideeffectofthefactthattheMAZItoolkitreachesitsfirstmaturestage,version1.8,atthetimeofwritingofthefirstversionofthisdeliverable(D2.7),allowingforthevery first time non-technology-savvy people to set-up their own local networks. Attempting to promote this


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technology before reaching this state in communities already stressed from the numerous participatory taskswouldrisktolosetheinterestofpeopletooearlyintheprocess.

Duringthenextphaseofthepilot,MAZIoffering(M18-24),thenextstepwilltakeplaceandconcretepropositionsforMAZIZones,withorwithouttheHybridLetterbox,willbediscussed intheKraftwerk1technologygroupwiththegoaltohaveastabledeploymentbyM24(Phase3–Implementationandevaluation).


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References1. Apostol, Ileana. 2015. Urbanity and the right to difference. sITA - studies in History and Theory of

Architecture,Volume3/2015:160-173.2. Bürgi,Alexander/Lee,Euihaing/Lee,JinSoon/Raoseta,Thomas.2010.Kalkbreite–einneuerAnsatzvon

Nachhaltigkeit, Semesterarbeit ETH Zürich, Professur für nachhaltiges Bauen, Prof. Dr.-Ing. HolgerWallbaum

3. ElGuindi,Fadwa.2004.VisualAnthropology:EssentialMethodandTheory.AltamiraPress4. Engelhardt,WernerWilhelm.1990.DieGenossenschaftsideealsGestaltungsprinzip,in:Laurin-kari,Juhani

(Hrsg.):Genossenschaftswesen.Hand-undLehrbuch,München/Wien,S.10-26.5. Engelhardt, Werner Wilhelm. 1998. Von der Utopie zur Genossenschaft. Zum Verständnis „Utopie-

Genossenschaft-Sozialpolitik“ seit den Anfängen, am Beispiel der Produktiv- undSiedlungsgenossenschaftendargestellt,In:RundbriefAlternativeÖkonomie,Nr.83,2-1998,S.25ff.

6. GenossenschaftKalkbreite.2015.Kalkbreite–EinneuesStückStadt,Eigenverlag,Zürich7. Hofer,Andreas.onlinearticle“Kraftwerk1Hardturm”intheGermanlanguageonthecooperativewebsite

<http://www.kraftwerk1.ch/hardturm/siedlung.html>8. Illich,Ivan.1973.Toolsforconviviality.NewYork:Harper&Row9. Kesselring, Paul/Winter, Carl-Jochen. 1995.World energy scenarios: A two-kilowatt society – plausible

futureorillusion?In:Energietage94,PaulScherrerInstitutPSI,Villigen/Switzerland,p.103-11610. Martignoni, Jens (forthcoming): Nachhaltigkeit und Vernetzung in zukunftsorientierten

Wohngenossenschaften in der Schweiz, In: Theuvsen, Ludwig (Hrsg): Nonprofit-Organisationen undNachhaltigkeit ,Tagungsband zum 12. Int. NPO-Forschungskolloquium, April 2016, Göttingen, SpringerGablerVerlag,Wiesbaden

11. p.m.1998. “Kraftwerk1:Anapproach toa civilisationbeyondwork.” In INURA,PossibleUrbanWorlds:UrbanStrategiesattheEndofthe20thCentury,52-59.Basel:BirkhauserVerlag

12. p.m.1983.bolo’bolo.Brooklyn,NY:Autonomedia/ArdentPress.13. p.m.2014.“ThePowerofNeighborhood”andTheCommons.Brooklyn,NY:Autonomedia.14. Simmel,Georg.1971 [1908].TheStranger. InLevine,DonaldN. (ed.).On IndividualityandSocialForms:

SelectedWritings.Chicago:UniversityPress:143-149.15. Wirz,Andreas.2004.“Kraftwerk1:MoreThanJustNiceLiving.” In INURA.TheContestedMetropolis:Six

CitiesattheBeginningofthe21stCentury,269-276.Basel:BirkhäuserVerlag


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AppendixA.EvaluationofKraftwerk1intranet/portal,mein.kraftwerk1.chThe ideaoftheevaluationofKraftwerk1's intranet is toseehowfamiliartheusersarewithsuchaplatformandhowtheyuseit.Thewaypeopleusetheplatformshouldalsoleadtoimprovementsoftheplatform

The evaluation has been executed including only the inhabitants of the Hardturm unit of the cooperativeKraftwerk1whichisalsothepilotprojectoftheMAZIproject.

Theevaluationhastwoparts:1stananalysisofthefeaturesandfunctionalitiesoftheplatformand2ndasurveytogettheusers'opinionsandbehaviour.

1)mein.kraftwerk1.ch–AnalysisandDescriptionThe intranet of the Kraftwerk1 cooperative (mein.kraftwerk1.ch) went online in summer 2015. It is a platformaccessible only to cooperativemembers,more than 1000 in total. About 800 of them live in three settlementscalled

• Hardturm• Heizenholz• Zwicky-Süd.

ThepublicHomepageofKraftwerk1iswww.kraftwerk1.ch

Entrypageofmein.kraftwerk1.ch


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Menupointsofmein.kraftwerk1.ch

Themainmenupointsare:

• Anschlagbrett / Pinboard: On the pinboard appear all news, messages sent through all the groupsmembersareregisteredforandblogentries.

• Adressbuch/Contacts:Alistofallcontactsofthemembersofthecooperative.• Gruppen/groups:seebelow.• Nachrichten/news,messages:TheNewsaremostlyusedforthecommunicationwithinGroups.• Blog/blog:Everysettlementhas itsownblog.but,everybodycanreadorpost.Topicsareverydiverse.

Anouncementsof concerts, devlopmentof turnover in theown shop,offeringbeds, looking fordriver'slessons,complaintsaboutlitteringetc.

• Reservationskalender/reservationcalendar:ReservationscanbedoneforCommunityRoom,Guestroom,MeetingRoom,Tent.

• Koordinationskalender / coordinatoryagenda:Agenda to register for instancewhenpeoplework in theshop(Konsumdepot)orparticipateinthecookingclubs(CircoloinHardturmandHeizenholz).ActuallytheagendaisnotusedbutadoodleissentouttotheGroupmembers.TheMittagstischHeizenholz(cookinglunch)isinuseandseemswokingwell.

• FaciltiyService

Pinboard Addresses Groups Messages

Blog ReservationCalendar CoordinationCalendar Facilityservice


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Gruppen / Groups: Some groups are compulsory in order the administration can inform members of thecooperativeortenantsofeachofthethreesettlements.Groupsaresubunitsoftheplatforminorderpeoplecancommunicatewithoutspoilingotherswiththeirspecificexchangetopics.

Atthemoment(June2017)thereare124Groups.Belowisascreenshotofapartofthelistedgroups.BesidestheGroups "All members of the cooperative Kraftwerk1", "inhabitants of Hardturm", inhabitants of Heizenholz",inhabitants of Zwicky-Sued" there are Groups that gather around collaboration: for instance, the board ofKraftwerk1, the meeting room in Hardturm, the working groups responsible for the shops in the settlements.Sharing interests: 'use instead of own' and freetime (playing boule). But also community living units have theirgroups(SutieX/Y)andlobbygroups(children'scommission).

Observationsonactivityontheplatform

Alltogetherthereisnotverymuchparticipationintheintranet.Anindicatormightalsobethatonly10%avatarsareset,maybeevenless.

Ontheblog"FeedbackzumPortal"(FeedbackonthePortal) feedbackscomeexclusivelyfromthreepersonsandthecoordinator.FromSeptember2016peoplewereaskedtowriteanemailinsteadofusingtheblog.

OntheblogZwickyismuchmoreactivethanHardturm

SiedlungsblogZwicky:142posts

SiedlungsblogHardturm:13posts

SiedlungsblogHeizenholz:17posts(muchlessinhabitants)

ActiveonplatformMay19,2017

Thesis:communicationineverydaylifeandorganisationalmattersarebetterestablishedinHardturmthanZwicky.Zwickyhasstilltosetupalot,itisyoung.ButHeizenholzissmallerandyethasevenmorepoststhanHardturm.


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Inthepastmonths,activityontheintranetseemshavingincreased.

Observationsondifficulties

Handling:

• Anschlagbrett(Pinboard)• Nachrichten(Messages)• Blog(Blog)

Thesethreemenupointsdonotdifferinanobviousway.Itisnotveryclearwheretopostyourmessage.

Groups:Sendingamessagetotheadmin:thebuttonto"send"(abschicken)isnotactive

Ifyougetaninvitationforagroupbymailyoucannotclickonalinkleadingtothegroupontheportal.

2)TheUsers'Views–aSurveyinKraftwerk1HardturmAquestionnairewassetupbytheprojectteamINURAZürichInstitutandnethoodinMay2017.Thequestionnairehastwoversionswiththesamecontents:paperandonline.TheonlineversionwasannouncedwithalinktotheFLOSS survey tool "LimeQuery.org" as amessage on the Kraftwerk1 intranet to the group "Siedlung Krafwerk1Hardturm"whicharetenantsandofficerentersinthesettlement(Siedlung).Thegroupcontains175members,anumberwhichrepresentsapproximately80%oftheresidentsandofficerenters.

Thiswasamajorreasontohavealsoapaperversion.ThepaperversionwasprintedonaA3format,foldedanddisplayedinthecommonroomcalled"Pantoffelbar".Also,aletterboxwasinstalledonthespot.Intheevening(18-20h)ofMay30,the launchofthesurvey, IleanaApostol,PanayotisAntoniadisandPhilippKlauswerepresenttotalkwiththepeoplepassingby,answerquestionsandanimatingtoparticipate.

June12,2017:Thecurrentresponsetothesurveyis81answers,73ofthemonline,8onpaper.16havenotfullyfilledinthequestionnaire.

Theaverageageoftherespondentsis48,themedian49.

Somepreliminaryresults

Computerknowledge

Ca.90%knowwhatsystemtheircomputeris.56%useApple,29%Windows,3%Linux(e.g.Ubuntu)


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Abouttheplatform

• 1respondentsaysnotknowingmein.kraftwerk1.ch• 2personsthinktheplatformisnotnecessary• 70%thinkitisnecessary• Theothersareuncertain

Usingdifferentmenupoints

Thequestionsforthemenupointsusewereaboutactiveorpassiveusesuchas"ReadingtheBlog".Thepictureisthatmorepeopleusetheplatformmenupointspassivelythanactively.

ThehitlistshowstheReservationCalenderasthemostusedfunction,Postingonblogtheleast.

Hitlist

YES NO

ReservationCalendar 63% 16%

Addresses 59% 22%

Groups 43% 25%

Readingthepinboard 38% 38%

CoordinationCalendar 29% 38%

Readingblog 22% 56%

Postonthepinboard 19% 51%

Postingblog 5% 73%

Frequencyofplatformuse

35%usetheplatformatleastonceaweek.7%saytheyneveruseit.


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GettingEmailsthroughtheplatform

• 1personindicatesnevergettingemailsfromthesecretary/office,3areuncertain.68%thinktheseemailsareimportantorinformative.

• 11personsindicatenevergettingemailsfromthesecretary/office,6areuncertain.40%thinktheseemailsareimportantorinformative.16%thinktheyareawasteoftimeand4%annoying.

Platformandlivingtogether

• 52%saytheplatformishelpfulforlifeinKraftwerk1• 14%saytheplatformisnothelpfulforlifeinKraftwerk1• 18%areuncertain• 24%saytheplatformenhancesencountersandcontactsonapersonallevel• 42%saytheplatformdoesnotenhanceencountersandcontactsonapersonallevel• 32%areuncertain

SocialMedia

• 38%useFacebook• 14%useTwitter• 4%useInstagram• 32%useothersocialmedia

Desiredadditionalfeaturesandfunctionalities

• 13%Forum• 5%Like-/dislikebuttons• 53%Exchangeofgoodsandservicesplatform• 22%Flexiblenotificationsystem• 8%Listoffavourites• 10%Opinionsurveytool• 9%Optiontovote• 10%Sendprivatemessages• 4%Chatroom• 23%Other


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APPENDIXB-HybridletterboxMAZI-PilotKraftwerk1,Zurich

NotesontheHybridLetterbox(HYBLBOX-hlb)byPhilippKlaus

Howtousetheletterboxforsocialinteractionandprocesses?

STARTINGQUESTIONS• howtoimprovelivingtogether?• howtoimprovepeople'sinvolvement?• howtoimprovesocialprocesses?• howtoimproveparticipatoryprocesses?• Howtomobilisepeopletotakeovertasksforthecommunity?

THESISTheHyblboxisapowerfultoolforcommunities.Itssuccessfuldeploymentneedsthedevelopmentofguidelines–atoolkit.

50waystousetheHyblboxThe development of a toolkit for the use of the hlb needs a lot of testing in different situations and constantobeservationofeachstep,everyaction,alltheimpacts

Settingsandsituationsforhlbdeployment

forGAMES

Quiz:Apersonoragroupsdraws/sketchessomethingorwritesaquestiononacard.Theothergrouporpersonsguesswhatitisoranswerthequestion.Maybethroughdevices.

• whohasthecorrectanswer?whoisquickest?• everybodywritesordrawsanansweronacardwithin1min.theneverybody'scardisinsertedinthehlb

andtheanswersappearonthescreen

Situation

Smallgroups3-15persons.Withprojection.

asOPINION/IDEA/WISH/FEELINGCOLLECTOR(Survey)

whatdoyouthinkabout....?

Situation

Individually:peoplewalkintotheKonsumdepotandareaskedtheiropinionorwishesfortheassortment,openinghours,other.Projectionnotneeded.

Smallgroup:groupsworkonideasandshareitthroughthehlb.Withprojection.

asDISCUSSIONFACILITATOR

Smallgroup:sharing ideas inagroup.Workshopsituation.5-10persons. Insertacardandexplainingthe ideaoropinion.Nextpersoninsertingacardandwideningthetopicoropposingthefirstandsoon.


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Assembly:asinthesmallgroupbutneedsmoremoderation

asTOOLforDecisionMaking

• Opinions/proposalstovoteaboutaredisplayedonscreen.• Compare,evaluate...Usecardsordevices(Attentionmoderationwhenusingdevices...Maybeswitchoff

moderation).• Peoplecanvotethroughtheirdevicesanonymously.

asTOOLinPLANNINGPROCESSES

Situation

Example:Asquareinacityisplannedtobeupgraded.Withprojection.

• Assembly:peoplecometogethertodiscussanddevelopchanges• Whatdoyoulikeaboutthesquare?cards • Whatdoyounotlikeaboutthesquare?cards• Whatismissing?cards• Whatdoyouwish/whatareyourideas?cards• Cardswithplanofthesquarepeoplecandrawonthem• displayallcards• discussion–whatarethedifferences/similiaritiesetc.• newideas

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