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Acids, Bases and Salts

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DIRECTIONS

• This slide show presentation is designed to function like flash cards.

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BASE

• A substance that produces OH- ions in aqueous solution.

• Strong soluble bases are soluble in water and are completely dissociated.

• Weak bases ionise only slightly.

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ACID

• A substance that produces H+ ions in aqueous solutions.

• Strong acids ionise completely in dilute solutions.

• Weak acids ionise only slightly.

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SALT

A compound that contains a cation other than H+ and an anion other than

OH- or O-2

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ELECTROLYTE

• A substance whose aqueous solutions conduct electricity.

• Remember: ions are charged particles. Movement of charged particles conducts electricity.

• Ionic compounds are electrolytes

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NONELECTROLYTE

• A substance whose aqueous solutions do not conduct electricity.

• Molecular compounds are non-electrolytes

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STRONG ELECTROLYTE

• A substance that conducts electricity well in dilute aqueous solution.

• Three major classes of solutes are strong electrolytes: strong acids, strong soluble bases and most soluble salts

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WEAK ELECTROLYTE

A substance that conducts electricity poorly in dilute aqueous solution.

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STRONG ACID

• An acid that ionises (separates into ions) completely, or very nearly completely, in dilute aqueous solutions

• EX: H2SO4, HNO3, HCl, HClO3, HClO4, HI, HBr

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WEAK ACID

• An acid that ionises only slightly in dilute aqueous solution

• Examples: HF, CH3CO2H, HCN, HNO2, H2CO3, H3PO4, H2SO3, (COOH)2

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STRONG SOLUBLE BASE(alkali)

• Metal hydroxide that is soluble in water and dissociates completely in dilute aqueous solution

• EX: LiOH, NaOH, KOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

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WEAK BASE

• A molecular substance that ionises only slightly in water to produce an alkaline (base) solution

• EX: NH3, CH3NH2, C6H5NH2

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CH3CO2H

Weak Acid

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H2SO4

Strong Acid

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HNO3

Strong Acid

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HCl

Strong Acid

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NaOH

Strong Soluble Base

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HClO3

Strong Acid

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HClO4

Strong Acid

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HCN

Weak Acid

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HNO2

Weak Acid

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HI

Strong Acid

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C6H5NH2

Weak Base

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HF

Weak Acid

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KOH

Strong Soluble Base

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HBr

Strong Acid

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NH3

Weak Base

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H2CO3

Weak Acid

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CsOH

Strong Soluble Base

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Sr(OH)2

Strong Soluble Base

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H3PO4

Weak Acid

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Ca(OH)2

Strong Soluble Base

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H2SO3

Weak Acid

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LiOH

Strong Soluble Base

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(COOH)2

Weak Acid

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Ba(OH)2

Strong Soluble Base

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CH3NH2

Weak Base