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Transcript of Icm seminar2011
ICM Seminar 2011
M. Altaf Hossain, PhDM. Altaf Hossain, PhDPrincipal Scientific OfficerPrincipal Scientific Officer
Soil Resource Development InstituteSoil Resource Development Institute
Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of Agriculture
Farmgate, Dhaka, BangladeshFarmgate, Dhaka, Bangladesh
E-mail:[email protected]:[email protected]
Land Resources Appraisal Land Resources Appraisal and Crop Management in and Crop Management in
BangladeshBangladesh
Geographic coordinates: 24 00 N, 90 00 E
BANGLADESH
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Land includes all the natural environmental resources contained on the earth surface: soil, terrain, water, climate and weather.
Arable lands are needed for sustainable agricultural systems to support a burgeoning human population in countries like Bangladesh.
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Nations, village communities as well as individual land users need to make the best choices among options for the use of land in order to support development without hazard of land degradation, which would endanger sustainable production of food and other rural products.
That is why land resources appraisal is needed.
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Land Resources Appraisal of Bangladesh:
Reconnaissance Soil Survey 1965-1975
Whole country except the Sundarbans & CHT Semi-detailed Soil Survey 1984-2002
459 Upazilas (sub-district) Detailed Soil Survey 1975-2004
Special agricultural development area (200) Presently the data base is being updated
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Extent (ha) of Land types by District and Upazila Extent (ha) of Land types by AEZ Extent (ha) of Land types by AEZ, District and Upazila Extent (ha) of Top Soil Texture Extent (ha) of Top Soil Texture by AEZ Extent (ha) of General Soil Types Extent (ha) of General Soil Types by AEZ Extent (ha) of Soil Moisture Holding Capacity by AEZ Extent (ha) of Soil Permeability by AEZ Extent (ha) of Soil Consistency by AEZ Extent (ha) of Soil Salinity Status by AEZ Extent (ha) of Effective Soil Depth by AEZ Extent (ha) of Flooding Depth by AEZ Extent (ha) of Drainage by AEZ Extent (ha) of Slope by AEZ Extent (ha) of Relief by AEZ
Land Resources Information, BD
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Overview of Natural Resources Database
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INUNDATION LAND TYPES
HIGHLAND (H) Land above normal inundation level
MEDIUM HIGHLAND (MH)
Land normally inundated up to about 90 cm deep
MEDIUM LOWLAND (ML)Land normally inundated up to 90 -180
cm deep
LOWLAND (L)Land normally inundated up to 180-300
cm deep
VERY LOWLAND (VL)Land normally inundated deeper than
300 cm.
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Land Information
Administrative Information AEZ Info
Analysis Tool
Cropping Pattern
Map unit Info
Climate Info
Crop Information
Soil Information
Menu System
Toolbar
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Soil Texture Top soil – Comilla District
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SOLARIS - GISSOLARIS - GIS
Soil Texture With Irrigation – SuitableWithout Irrigation – Moderately Suitable
Irrigated Condition
Predominantly 80 - 100Dominantly 60 – 80Mainly 40 - 60Some 0 - 40
Legend
T. Aman Crop SuitabilityT. Aman Crop SuitabilityComilla DistrictComilla District
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Nutrient Status/ Recommendation:
Analyze chemical properties of top soil by Soil Group
Classification of Nutrient for Upland and Wetland crops are considered by Soil Texture (13 Nutrients)
Nutrient recommendation is done by considering Crop type, Yield range, Nutrient class and type
Fertilizer Recommendation
SOLARIS - GISSOLARIS - GIS
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SOLARIS - GISSOLARIS - GIS
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SOLARIS - GISSOLARIS - GISNutrient/ Fertilizer Recommendation – Jessore Sadar
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Figure 3. Land Utilization Scinario in Bangladesh (BBS 2007)
14,215.94
2,597.233,619.49 2,870.78
4,132.57
1,026.67
02,0004,0006,0008,000
10,00012,00014,00016,000
Land utilization type
Are
a ('0
00ha
)
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Nutrients Input Supply Removal Balance (`000 tons) (`000 tons) (`000 tons)
Nitrogen (N) 1198 1322 (-) 124
Phosphorus (P205) 339 362 (-) 23
Potash (K20) 481 1585 (-) 1104
Total: 2018 3269 (-) 1251
Table 1. Plant Nutrient Balance Sheet of Bangladesh
Source: Karim, et al. (1994)
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Nitrogen alone constitutes over 75 percent of the total nutrients used in Bangladesh agriculture, while the use of P and K are limited to about 6.0 and 6.6 percent only. The probable causes are high price and use of substandard phosphatic fertilizers available in the market. But the use of N-fertilizer has steadily increased which shows inappropriate/imbalance ratio of N, P205 and K20 (1:0.12:0.13). If this trend of fertilizer use continues along with intensive cropping of high yielding varieties, the productivity of our soils is bound to be seriously affected in future.
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Table 2. Summary of estimates of the cost of land degradation in Bangladesh
Natureof degradation
Physical quantity of lost output (million ton/yr)
Taka equivalent
/ yr (million)
Cost (million) US$/yr
Remarks
Water erosionCereal production loss = 1.06 Nutrient loss = 1.44
6613.8425576.46
140.72544.18
-
Fertility declineCereal production loss = 4.27 Addl. Inputs = 1.22
26641.4821668.88
566.84461.04
-
Salanization Total production loss = 4.42 27577.25 586.75 -
Acidification Total production loss = 0.09 561.51 11.95 -
Lowering of water table
- - - Not assessed
Water logging - - - Not assessed
Source: Karim, et al. (1994)
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Launched on March 14, 2011> Bangladesh has developed “Digital
Fertilizer Recommendation Software” for Ministry of Agriculture by Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI).
> A central database covering the entire country (459 upazilas) soil sample has been developed as the feedstock of the system. > The addresses of the websites for having online fertilizer recommendation are “frs.srdi.gov.bd” and “www.frs-bd.com”,
username: srdi & password: srdi (****).
Digital Fertilizer Recommendation Software for MOA of Bangladesh
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> To facilitate farmers’ selection of different fertilizers and their precise dosage for different crops through digital platforms to increase crop yield and decrease production cost.
> Expected outcome: On an average rice yield will increase by 20-25 percent and other crops by 10-15 percent.
> Farmers can use either of two leading mobile phone operators: Grameenphone and Banglalink platforms to have precise fertilizer recommendations by providing five basic information:
name of the crop type of land name of the union upazila and district
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Log in
User name srdi
Password ****
Log in Reset
Online Fertilizer Recommendation System
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Production and availability of Major Food items in Bangladesh
Food Items
Production (MT) Per capita availability (g/capita/day)
1994-95 1999-00 2004-05 1994-95 1999-00 2004-05
Cereals 18.08 24.91 26.13 374 472 464
Potato 1.5 2.93 5.95 32 57 108
Pulses 0.53 0.39 0.53 11 8 10
Oilseeds 0.48 0.40 0.56 10 8 10
Vegetables
1.21 1.53 7.28 21 24 108
Fruits 1.41 1.36 4.60 24 22 68
Fish 1.17 1.66 2.10* 27 35 41*
Meat 0.48 0.70 1.06 11 15 21
Milk 1.52 1.70 2.14 35 36 42
Egg (M) 2400 3990 5625 2.76 4.20 5.54Source: BBS, DAE, DLS, DOF, BARC; MT=million tons
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Projected requirements and production of major food items by 2015
Food Items Food Productionin 2004-05 (MT)
(less 11.58%)
Requirements in2015 (MT)
(less 11.58%)
Production in2015 (MT)
(less 11.58%)
Surplus (+)Gaps (– )
(MT)
Rice & wheat 26.13 27.85 29.05 +1.20
Pulses 0.53 1.85 0.97 -0.88
Oilseeds 0.56 3.17 0.90 -2.27
Vegetables 7.28 10.72 9.82 -0.90
Fruits 4.60 8.22 5.15 -3.07
Potato 5.95 5.56 7.59 +2.03
Fish 2.10 2.57 2.73 +0.16
Meat 0.91 6.86 2.45 -4.41
Milk 1.99 14.29 4.54 -9.75
Egg (M) 4780 16297 11052 -5245
Source: BBS, DAE, DLS, DOF, BARC; MT=million tons
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Conclusion* A major challenge of agriculture production is the
deterioration of natural resources e.g. land & water due to overexploitation of agricultural land and greatest emphasis on mono-cropping (rice). This would impact food and nutrition insecurity of increasing population.
* Our basic task of wisely using our soil resources requires that we should have a periodic and regular inventory of our soils- their characteristics, fertility status, distribution and use potential.
* Such information needs to be readily available through internets as texts, maps and other data bases so to assist the stakeholders in making use of this information judiciously for successful crop production as well as sustenance of soil health.
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Thanks for patient hearing