IceCube project Shigeru Yoshida Dept. of Physics, Chiba University.
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Transcript of IceCube project Shigeru Yoshida Dept. of Physics, Chiba University.
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IceCube project
Shigeru YoshidaDept. of Physics, Chiba University.
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Bartol Research Inst, Univ of Delaware, USAPennsylvania State University, USAUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, USAUniversity of Wisconsin-River Falls, USALBNL, Berkeley, USAUC Berkeley, USAUC Irvine, USA
Bartol Research Inst, Univ of Delaware, USAPennsylvania State University, USAUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, USAUniversity of Wisconsin-River Falls, USALBNL, Berkeley, USAUC Berkeley, USAUC Irvine, USA
Univ. of Alabama, USAClark-Atlanta University, USAUniv. of Maryland, USAIAS, Princeton, USAUniversity of Kansas, USASouthern Univ. and A&M College, Baton Rouge
Univ. of Alabama, USAClark-Atlanta University, USAUniv. of Maryland, USAIAS, Princeton, USAUniversity of Kansas, USASouthern Univ. and A&M College, Baton Rouge
Universidad Simon Bolivar, Caracas,Venezuela
Université Libre de Bruxelles, BelgiumVrije Universiteit Brussel, BelgiumUniversité de Mons-Hainaut, BelgiumUniversität Mainz, GermanyDESY-Zeuthen, GermanyUniversität Wuppertal, Germany
Université Libre de Bruxelles, BelgiumVrije Universiteit Brussel, BelgiumUniversité de Mons-Hainaut, BelgiumUniversität Mainz, GermanyDESY-Zeuthen, GermanyUniversität Wuppertal, Germany
Uppsala Universitet, SwedenStockholm universitet, SwedenKalmar Universitet, SwedenImperial College, London, UKUniversity of Oxford, UKUtrecht University, Utrecht, NL
Uppsala Universitet, SwedenStockholm universitet, SwedenKalmar Universitet, SwedenImperial College, London, UKUniversity of Oxford, UKUtrecht University, Utrecht, NL
Chiba University, JapanChiba University, Japan
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
Who are we ?
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AMANDA
IceCube
IceTop
IceCube80 strings
60 OMs/string17 m vertical spacing
125 m between strings
IceTop160 tanks
frozen-water tanks2 OMs / tank
First year deployment (Jan 2005) 4 IceCube strings (240 OMs)
8 IceTop Tanks (16 OMs)
10” Hamamatsu R-7081
1200 m
IceTop Tank deployed in 2004
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Theoretical bounds and future
atmospheric
W&B W&B
MPRMPR
DUMAND test string
FREJUS
NT-200
MACRO
NT-200+
AMANDA-II
IceCube
AMANDA-97
AMANDA-00
opaque for neutrons
Mannheim, Protheroe and Rachen (2000) – Waxman, Bahcall (1999) derived from known limits on extragalactic protons + -ray flux
neutrons can escape
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Construction: 11/2004-01/2009
FY04:6
FY05:12FY06:16
FY07:16
FY08:16 FY09:14
AMANDA
SPASE-2 South Pole
Dome
Skiway
100 m
Grid North
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Right now at the pole
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DOM … a Key element in IceCube
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Digital Optical Module (DOM)
HV Base
Main Board (DOM-MB)
“Flasher Board”
10” PMT
13” Glass (hemi)sphere
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PMT Absolute CalibrationQe x CeN2 laser @ 337.1 nmUse Rayleigh scattering for beam dumping (~1E-11) for SPE measurement
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Setup
ATTENUATOR
PressuremeterTemp
monitor
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Chamber Center
窓1 窓2
レーザー
Baffle (beam size 1cm)
Rotation bed
Configuration Survey
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Setup photo
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– Light source(Laser Science VSL-337ND-S)
N2 laser lambda = 337.1nmEmax=300uJ (for 1p.e., E~2nJ)
Pulse width<4nsec– Si energy probe
(Laser Probe Inc. RjP-465)
500fJ-250nJDetection area:1.0cm2
Accuracy=+-5%
MODULE
Pressure and Temperture monitored by Pressure meter and Platinum resistor
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Data Analysis
QE(absolute efficiency) = photoelectron # / incidental photon #
I. Estimate photoelectron # per laser shotphotoelectron # = -ln(Nped/Nall)
II. Estimate scattered light yieldY = incidental photon # / initial laser photon
~ aperture x Cross Section
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Laser Energy Profile
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Signal subtractionsf0077@1atm
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Calculation of “light yield”
Typically 4.764957518892241E-11 dumped
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2 Dimensional Absolute Efficiency
SF0077
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Center Edge
ADC ADC
ADC spectrum of Center and Edge of photocathode
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SF0077, SF0050, SF0061
2 Dimensional Absolute Efficiency
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SF0077
Really see only scattered photons?
-> 'YES' There's no other factors(offset) for data
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Typical Error Budget➢Statistics
●photoelectron # : 10%
➢Systematics•photoelectron # : 1%•Light yeild (aperture) : 4%•Initial photon fluctuation : 4%•Pressure : 1%•Photon energy probe: 5%Total Error Budget : 12.7%
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FY2005 GoalPMT DOM
Standard Candle (absolutely calibrated, 2D scanned)
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FY2005 Goal
1400 m
2400 m
AMANDA
South Pole
IceTop
Skiway
“Perfect” standard Candle