Icci Presentation Sp&Se_17.06
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Transcript of Icci Presentation Sp&Se_17.06
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Integration of anaerobic digestion and composting as asustainable way to Recover organic wastes.
Modelling of Biomass Power Plant
Dr. Eng. Massimo CALZATI
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT17 th June 2011
SOLUTION PARTNERSHIP FOR PROJECT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMASS & SOLAR
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WHO WE ARE
Studio EcoingegneriItalian independentconsultancy specialised inBIOMASS ,BIOGAS &PHOTOVOLTAIC projects
Secret Power
Turkish Solution ProviderCompany for RenewableEnergy Power Plants
specialised in WIND andSOLAR
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WHAT WE DO.. Walk ThroughAnalysis
Feasibility Studies
Business Planning
System Design
Scouting ofTechnologyProviders
PerformanceEvaluation Project
Management
Coordination ofSuppliers
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Life on Earth depends on two natural processes:
The Carboncycle
The Nitrogencycle
Both somehow affected by human activities
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Consequencesare theGreenhouseeffect at globalscale and thevarious forms of
local airpollution
Mainresponsibilitylays with use offossil fuels tofulfill growingenergy needsworldwide
The modified Carbon cycle
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Contributes to bothwater(eutrophication)and air pollutions(GH effect)
The modified Nitrogen cycle
Comes not onlyfrom syntheticfertilizers but alsofrom uncontrolledor excessive
transfer of organicload to soil
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A relevant example: application of animal manure to land
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Livestock farming in EU countries is subject to regulationsaiming at limiting the environmental impact of nitratedischarge (Nitrate Directive)
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Organic wastes: problem or opportunity?
Food industry residues
Household
organic wastes
Green woody
waste
Animal manureand slurryAnimal by-products
Crop residuesOrganic sludges
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easy solutions may be critical to the environment or notparticularly energy efficient
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Nature may help:
Anaerobic Digestion
- extracts the energycontent in a methanerich biogas
- prepares the remaining
sludge to be recover asfertilizer and soil
improver
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AD: key process parameters
Resident times (days)
Temperture ( C)
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Effect of Anaerobic Digestion on organic matter
BiodegradableFeedstock
Before digestionAfter digestion
Water Water
Minerals Minerals
Organic
s
Organics
Organics
Digestate
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Along with woody residues,digestate sludge can becomposted, i.e.
AEROBICALLY digested, toproduce a natural fertilizerand soil improver
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The anaerobic-aerobic INTEGRATED approach to bio-waste management
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Integrated anaerobic-aerobic bio-wastemanagement:
the mass balance
says the cycle isvirtually closed
100 tons
10-15 tons
30-40 tons 30-40 tons
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Anaerobic Digestion in practice
Feedstock
AD
reactor
DigestateBiogas
CombinedHeat andPowerproduction
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Data
from
Danish
studies
AD: What goes in? What comes out?
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CO-DIGESTION: often the right receipt
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A key issue: quality of feedstock
Chemical, biologicaland physical
contamination of thefeedstock is to beavoided to secureboth biogas yieldand digestate quality
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How to design Anaerobic Digestion?
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First questions when designing AD
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The reactor feeding system is key to successful AD
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Simplified Anaerobic Digestion
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Single Phase Wet Anaerobic Digestion Process
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SEMI DRY
DIGESTION
horizontaldigester with
horizontalpaddle stirrer
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Batch Anaerobic Digestion Processes
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Dry Batch AD (Weiland, Rieger, Ehrmann, 2003)
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Biogas power plant: Accumulation Continuous Flow (ACF)
Source: German Biogas Association
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Completely stirred (CSTR), thermally isolated wet AD(thermophilic/mesophilic)
(source: Thoni)
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Now or never: a look inside the digestor
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Biogas: a good alternative to natural gas
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Different options forbiogas utilisation
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Combined Heat & Power production:The State of the Art for biogas utilisation
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A closer look to a CHP set
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Whereas mineralnutrients prevail in thedigestate
Organic nutrients prevailin the input feedstock
The fertilizing properties of the digestate
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Raw digestatefrom AD
Liquidfraction
Fibrousfraction
Digestate management starts with solid-liquid separation
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DigestateS-Lseparationselectively
partitionsorganic andmineralnutrients
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Keyeconomicelements
of abiogasproject
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60 kWe biogas plant in Reggio Emilia, Italy
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60 kWe biogasplant in Reggio
Emilia, Italy
Cow manure
1387 ton/y - 27% TSCow slurry
3285 ton/y - 7% TS
Maize silage
438 ton/y - 38% TS
STORAGE, PRE-TREATMENTS, MIXING
Biodegradable feedstock5110 ton/y 14,4% TS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Digestate
4796 ton/y 8,8% TS
Raw biogas
314 ton/y 31 Ncm/h
BIOGAS CLEANING AND DRYING
Purified biogas
314 ton/y 31 Ncm/h
COGENERATION
Power
57 kW 456 MWh/y
Heat
117 kW 935 MWh/y
HEAT RECOVERY
Waste heat
12 kW 95 MWh/y
Recoverable heat
105 kW 840 MWh/y
Process power
16 kW 128 MWh/y
Dispatched power
41 kW 328 MWh/y
LIQUID/SOLID SEPARATION
Liquid digestate
3380 ton/y 2% TS
Solid digestate
1416 ton/y 25% TS
STORAGE STORAGE
SPREADING ON FARMLAND
5110 ton/y (14,4% TS)
271560 cm/y biogas (53 cm/ton)57 kWe (11 kWe per 1000 ton/y)117 kWe (23 kWt per 1000 ton/y)
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320 kWe biogas plant in Offlaga (BS), Italy
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Bovine manure527 ton/y - 27% TS
Bovine slurry3644 ton/y - 9% TS
Maize silage4800 ton/y - 32% TS
STORAGE, PRE-TREATMENTS, MIXING
Biodegradable feedstock
13934 ton/y 17,4% TS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Digestate
12392 ton/y 7,2% TS
Raw biogas
1542 ton/y 152 Ncm/h
BIOGAS CLEANING AND DRYING
Purified biogas
1542 ton/y 152 Ncm/h
COGENERATION
Power
320 kW 2560 MWh/y
Heat
668 kW 5343 MWh/y
HEAT RECOVERY
Waste heat
118 kW 943 MWh/y
Recoverable heat
550 kW 4400 MWh/y
Process power
263 kW 458 MWh/y
Dispatched power
57 kW 2102 MWh/y
LIQUID/SOLID SEPARATION
Liquid digestate
9021 ton/y 2% TS
Solid digestate
3370 ton/y 25% TS
STORAGE STORAGE
SPREADING ON FARMLAND
Swine manure1374 ton/y - 23% TS
Swine slurry3589 ton/y - 3% TS
320 kWe biogasplant in Offlaga
(BS), Italy
13934 ton/y (17,4% TS)
1331520 cm/y biogas (96 cm/ton)320 kWe (23 kWe per 1000 ton/y)668 kWe (48 kWt per 1000 ton/y)
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990 kWe biogas plant in Fossano (CN), Italy
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Agro-food industry sludges5000 ton/y - 18% TS
Organic household wastes27000 ton/y - 23% TS
Agro-food industry waste3000 ton/y - 18% TS
STORAGE, PRE-TREATMENTS, MIXING
Biodegradable feedstock
54700 ton/y 11,7% TS
Liquid digestate24500 ton/y 0,5% TS
ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
Digestate
52705 ton/y 3,8% TS
Raw biogas
4695 ton/y 447 Ncm/h
BIOGAS CLEANING AND DRYING
Purified biogas
4668 ton/y 444 Ncm/h
COGENERATION
Power
990 kW 7920 MWh/y
Heat
1632 kW 13056 MWh/y
HEAT RECOVERY
Waste heat
819 kW 9104 MWh/y
Process heat
813 kW 3952 MWh/y
Process power
705 kW 2611 MWh/y
Dispatched power
805 kW 7139 MWh/y
LIQUID/SOLID SEPARATION
Liquid digestate
32984 ton/y 0,5% TS
Solid digestate
22615 ton/y 20% TS
COMPOSTING
Compost
24455 ton/y 50% TS
Municipal sewage sludge
5000 ton/y 18% TS
Woody waste
20000 ton/y 65% TS
Process loss
990 kWe biogas plantin Fossano (CN), Italy
54700 ton/y (11,7% TS)
3889440 cm/y biogas (71 cm/ton)990 kWe (18 kWe per 1000 ton/y)1632 kWe (30 kWt per 1000 ton/y)
Massimo CALZATI
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A SOLUTION PARTNERSHIP FOR PROJECT DESIGN AND DEVLOPMENT OF BIOMAS & SOLAR
WE CAN HELP MAKING A BETTER WORLD
THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!!