Ibn Ashir Lesson 8

8/3/2019 Ibn Ashir Lesson 8

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Lesson 8: Types of Prayers(Faraid , Sunan, Nawafil) and their

Descriptions


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Five prayers are individual obligations But it is merely a communal obligation

when done for the dead, and (about thatthere is) no doubtThe compulsory acts of it are to say thetakbir four times, supplication (having)an intention, and an low salam thatfollows


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Washing (Ghusl)Shrouding (Kafn)Burial (Dafn)


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One should be washed while having theprivate parts covered. And water should bepoured over the person an odd number of times. The final washing should be with

water scented with something like camphoror sidr . Then the person should be driedand shrouded.Shrouding (kafan) the dead is also acommunal obligation. One should use anodd number of cloths to shroud the dead: a

waistcloth, a garment for the upper body,and something to wrap the head with.


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And like the (funeral) prayer (in ruling)are the washing (of the body), the burial,and shrouding But (prayers like) witr,that of the solar eclipse, the Id prayer,and the rain prayer are all (considered)sunnah


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Witr - The odd unit prayerId The Holiday Prayers

Kusuf The Solar Eclipse Prayer And Istisqa The Rain Prayer


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As for the witr prayer, it is one single unit ( raka ) of prayer wherein one sits at the end. Its description is:

Begin the prayer as one usually does After the two prostrations one sits for tashahhud After the tashahhud and the Salat ala al -Nabi (prayer on the

Prophet) one gives one Salam to the rightNote: It is recommended that one recite the last three surahsof the Quran termed The Three Quls (i.e. Ikhlas, Falaq, andNas ) in the order they come in the Quran.

Imam Malik considered it to be disliked (makruh) for one topray the witr alone without preceding them by two units of prayer termed Shaf (The even unit-prayer). During Shaf one should recite Surat Al- Ala in the first raka , and Surat al-Kafirun in the second raka .


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As for the Id prayers that come respectively at the end of Ramadan and after the Day of Arafa during the month of the Hajj (Dhu al-Hijja), it is prayed in the following manner:

The Imam enters the mu all and prays two audible rak as with those attending.In the first rak ah , he makes 7 takb r t , which include the opening takb ra only raising hishands for the first one.He then recites Al-F ti a and another s ra such as S rat Al- Al .He does ruk .He rises from ruk .He does suj d .He sits up from suj d .He does suj d again.He stands for the second rak ah .

After he stands for the second rak ah , he does 5 takb r t not including the takb ra forstanding up.He then recites Al-F ti a and another s rah such as S rat Al- h shiya.He does ruk .He rises from ruk .He does suj d .He sits up from suj d .He does suj d again.He sits up from suj d He completes the prayer and then makes the Sal m .


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The solar eclipse prayer is prayed in congregation with an Imam in themosque in the following manner:

An announcement is made to have the Muslims form a congregation in the mosque. The Imam leads those who attend in two inaudible rak as of prayer. He recites during the first rak a , Al-F ti a and another s rah such as Al-Baqara .

After completing the s rah, he bows the extent equal or close to the time he spentstanding. After that, he rises and recites Al-F ti a and another s rah similar to Al-Baqara in

length except shorter. After the recitation, he bows the like of which he stood reciting. He rises from bowing standing erect. He prostrates. He sits up from prostration. He prostrates a second time. He rises for second rak a and repeats the same acts as in the first rak a , except that

the recitation is shorter. He completes the prayer with As -Sal mu alaykum . He turns and faces his audience. If he pleases he may offer an exhortation.


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The prayer for rain or sal t al-istisq is performed in times of drought in the following way :

The people come out to the mu all with the Imam in moderate dress. That is, they shouldnt wear theirbest clothing out of humility and hope that their prayers will be answered.The Imam then leads those attending in two audible rak as of prayer without giving an adh n or iq ma .In the first rak a , he recites Al-F ti a and another s rah like Al- Al .In the second rak a , he recites Al-F ti a and a s rah such as Al- h shiya .

After he completes the prayer, the Imam delivers a two-part hutba . During the hutba , he should ask Allahs forgiveness much.

After delivering the hutba , he faces the qibla , inverts his cloak, raises his hands, and makessupplication ( du ). In part of his supplication he should say the following du :

Transliteration :

All hummasqi ib daka wa bahimataka wanshur ra mataka wa a yi baladakal-mayt.

Translation :

O Allah! Give water to your slaves and your beasts of burden, spread your mercy, and give life to your dead land.The men who are following should do the same, especially those who are wearing cloaks. This meansthat its not something recommended for women to do.


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(The voluntary 2 units of) Fajr is raghiba(or highly encouraged), and it can bemade up to the point of the suns zenith

And the compulsory prayer should bemade up at anytime and in sequence (tohow they were missed)


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Examples of other prayers that take thegrade of raghiba are:

- Fajr - The two voluntary units performed after

Maghrib- The additional voluntary rakas

performed between Maghrib and Isha


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The most important of the unstressed prayersare:Tahiyat al-Masjid The 2 units for entering themosque

Salat al-Duha The mid morning prayerTarawih The Ramadan Night prayersTahajjud The Night Vigil PrayerShaf The even unit prayers performed beforethe witrThe two units before ZuhrThe four units before AsrThe additional four prayed after MaghribThe four units prayed after Zuhr

Ibn Ashir Lesson 8

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