NAME : ENOSH

ROLL NO :28

SEC:BBM-IB

NASTY NINE AND DIRTY

DOZEN CHEMICALS &

THEIR EFFECTS.

DIRTY DOZEN

THE UNEP MET AT THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION IN 2001 & DECLARED SEVERAL SUBSTANCES TO BE TOXIC ENOUGH TO BE BANNED WORLDWIDE.

THE PRODUCTS DISPLAYED NEUROTOXIC AND CARCINOGENIC SIDE EFFECTS;SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE LINKED THESE SUBSTANCES TO CANCER AND NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS IN NUMEROUS HUMANS AND ANIMALS.

THE FIRST 12 CHEMICALS IDENTIFIED AS HARMFUL PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPs) were named the dirty dozen.

1. ALDRIN

2. CHLORDANE

3. DDT

4. DIELDRIN

5. DIOXIN

6. FURANS

7. HEPTACHLOR

8. HEXACHLOROBENZANE

9. MIREX

10. POLYCHLORINATED DIOXINS

11. POLYCHLORINATED FURANS

12. TOXAPHENE

DIRTY DOZEN

DIRTY DOZEN THE ORIGINAL DIRTY DOZEN WERE IDENTIFIED IN

2001 AND SINCE THEN ARE HEAVILY REGULATED AND DSICONTINUED.

PRODUCTS MARKETED TODAY REQUIRE DETAILED LABELLING.

THE MAIN PROBLEM IS THAT PEOPLE HAVE CHEMICAL BASED PRODUCTS AROUND THEIR HOMES FOR LONG PERIODS OF TIME.

MANY OF THESE CHEMICALS ARE USED IN FLAME RETARDANTS AND STAIN PROTECTION USED ON FURNISHINGS AND ELECTRONICS.

IT IS A PROBLEM WITH CLOTHES KEPT FOR SEVERAL YEARS.

HARMFUL EFFECTS THESE CHEMICALS WHICH ARE COMMONLY

FOUND IN HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS CAUSE FREQUENT HEADACHES,CREATE CONFUSION AND IRRITATION TO SENSORY ORGANS

IT ALSO CAUSES LONG TERM DAMAGE TO INTERNAL ORGANS LIKE THE LIVER AND KIDNEYS.

THE U.S. HEALTH SERVICES DEPARTMENT HAS GIVEN A BRIEF DEPICTION OF THE HARMFUL EFFECTS ON THEIR OFFICIAL WEBSITE.

NASTY NINE 1. Pentabromodiphenyl

ether2. Octabromodiphenyl ether3. Chlordecone4. Lindane5. Alpha-

hexachlorocyclohexane6. Beta-

hexachlorocyclohexane7. PFOS8. Hexabromobiphenyl9. Pentachlorobenzene

Pentabromodiphenyl ether This PBDE congener, sometimes referred to as "penta," was

used as a flame-retardant in foam upholstery and furnishing. It

was first banned in Germany, Norway and Sweden in the 1980s

and 1990s, then in the Europe Union in 2003.

The last U.S. manufacturer stopped producing the chemical in

2005, and the Environmental Protection Agency subsequently

banned its production in the U.S. It is still manufactured

elsewhere, primarily in China, and can be imported to the U.S.

Maine and Washington have banned it and nine other states

have proposed bans.

The chemical may cause a range of health problems, including

liver disease and reproductive and developmental problems. It

has been found in human breast milk.

Octabromodiphenyl ether Like its sister "penta" this polybrominated diphenyl

ether, or PBDE, has been linked to health issues and has largely been phased out in developed nations.

Chlordecone This insecticide, also known as Kepone, was used until

1978 in the United States on tobacco, ornamental shrubs, bananas and citrus trees, and in ant and roach traps. It is chemically almost identical to Mirex, which was one of the original "Dirty Dozen" banned by the treaty.

Workers using chlordecone suffered damage to the nervous system, skin, liver and male reproductive system. It may still be in use in developing nations, despite its being banned in the industrialized world.

Lindane An agricultural insecticide also used to treat head lice

and scabies in people, lindane has been banned in 50 nations because the organochlorine pesticide can attack the nervous system. In the United States, it was used until 2007 on farms, and it is still used as a "second-line" treatment for head lice when other treatments fail.

Additionally, because Lindane is the only useful product in a family of chemicals generated to produce the pesticide, there is persistent chemical waste created by the process. For every ton of Lindane produced, six to 10 tons of waste are produced.

PFOS The company 3M used PFOS to make

Scotchgard fabric and other stain-resistant products until 2002. The chemical is also used in a number of industrial processes. It is found in the bodies of people around the world, and in relatively high concentrations in Arctic wildlife — reflecting the global transport of persistent chemicals like these. Unlike the other chemicals on the "nasty nine" list, PFOS will have its use restricted, not banned.

Beta-hexachlorocyclohexane Another of the persistent chemical waste

products produced by making Lindane, beta-

hexachlorocyclohexane may cause cancer and

reproductive problems.

May cause cancer and liver or kidney problems

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