Plant Classification

IB Biology

• Simple plants, limited size• Hold loose dirt in place• Live in moist areas• Depend on external water

transport for reproduction: motile male gamete

• No vascular tissue = movement through osmosis/diffusion

• No true roots = have rhizoids - like root hairs (absorb water, anchor plant)

• No stems• No leaves = similar structures

but only one cell thick. • Produce spores in a capsule at

end of a stalk

Bryophytes

moss

liverwort

• Have vascular tissue: can be bigger– Xylem: H2O + minerals– Phloem: sap (sugar, AAs, hormones...)

• Live in moist areas• Have roots, stems and leaves

(fronds)• Motile male gametes: can occupy

terrestrial environments BUT still needs water for reproduction

• Spores produced in sporangia, generally on the underside of the leaf

• Leaves are curled, and then uncurl as they mature

Filicinophytes, or Ferns

frond

young frond

rhizome

roots

http://www.biology87.org/apbio/diversity/PlantLabPicts/statio4.jpg

http://www.biology87.org/apbio/diversity/PlantLabPicts/statio6.jpg

ConiferophytesConifer

•Contain a well developed vascular tissue (big plants!), roots, stems (woody) and leaves

•Produce male (contain pollen) and female (contain ovules) cones

•Produce seeds which develop on the scales of the female cones

•Gametes are not motile: does not depend on water for reproduction

•Tough, needlelike leaves with thick cuticles and sunken stomata: adaptations for dry environments

•NO REAL FLOWERS + NO FRUITS

e.g. pines, spruces, firs, cypress, yews

Sequoias National Park in California

• Flowering plants with roots, stems and leaves• Occupy all environments• Gametes are not motile (does not need water for

reproduction)• Seeds are produced – develop inside the ovaries in the

flower• Ovary develops into a fruit which aids in seed dispersal

AngiospermophytesFlowering Plants

Drawing a flower:

• Female Reproductive Organs: stigma + style + ovary = PISTIL• Male Reproductive Organs: anther + filament = STAMEN• Petals: attract animals • Sepals: protection

• Two types of angiospermophytes• Cotyledon= seed leaf• Differences in leaves, arrangement of vascular tissue, root system and

stem composition.

Monocotiledonous x Dicotiledonous

Monocotiledonous x Dicotiledonous

Characteristic

Mono Di

Cotyledons 1 2Leaf Parallel veins Netlike veins

Flowers Floral organs x 3 Floral organs x4 or x5Roots No main root Main root presentStem Vascular tissues scattered Vascular tissue in ring

Dicotyledenous PlantsBean, etc.

Monocotyledenous Plants

Corn and wheat, etc.