IB Semester 1 Review Tuesday, January 19 Directions Get into groups of 3 or 4 Sit with you group Make a table tent with your group # To answer a question, raise your hand, and Ill call on you. First person to raise his/her hand You get points for each correct answer. Here we go Good luck! List the 4 natural elements that are essential to life. A trace element is The bonds that are broken when water vaporizes are A. ionic bonds B. bonds between water molecules C. bonds between atoms within individual water molecules. D. polar covalent bonds E. non polar covalent bonds Distinguish the difference between non polar covalent bonds and polar covalent bonds. Explain surface tension. What property of water makes surface tension possible? List the 4 groups of macromolecules. Which of the following terms includes all others in the list? A. monosaccharide B. disaccharide C. starch D. carbohydrate E. polysaccharide What is the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates? How does the ratio compare to that of lipids? Lactose is a A. polysaccharide B. monosaccharide C. disaccharide D. hexose Compare the function of lipids and carbohydrates in terms of energy storage. Outline the processes of hydrolysis and dehydration reaction. What is this? Which macromolecule group does this figure belong to? Name the four components attached to the center carbon in ALL amino acids. How many amino acids exist? What component makes each amino acid unique? An enzyme accelerates a metabolic reaction by A. altering the over free-energy change for the reaction. B. making an endergonic reaction occur spontaneously C. lowering the activation energy D. pushing the reaction away from equilibrium E. making the substrate molecule more stable True or false? The size of a molecule determines its function. Identify Define and compare whats going on in these two pictures. Identify Whats happening to the enzyme in the picture below? What two factors may have caused this to happen? Identify 1. Define G. 2. Is this process endergonic or exergonic? How do you know? 3. What does the addition of an enzyme do to the activation energy? Compare and contrast competitive inhibition and non-competitive inhibition. List the 4 levels of protein structure. Outline the 4 levels of protein structure Primary What bonds are present? Secondary What bonds are present? Tertiary What bonds are present? Which one is the strongest? Quaternary If you see helixes and sheets, you know were talking about which level of protein structure? True or False Denaturation at any level of protein structure can have a negative affect on protein function. Bonds What type of bond exists in one molecule of water, between the oxygen and 2 hydrogen? What type of bond exists between the oxygen and hydrogen of multiple molecules of water? A series of enzymes catalyze the reaction X Y Z A Product A binds to the enzyme that converts X to Y at a position remote from its active site. This binding decreases the activity of the enzyme. What is substance X? Substance A functions as a _____? How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar? How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells different from each other? What is the function of a ribosome? Put the following terms in sequence of the most common route for membrane flow: vesicles, Golgi, rough ER, plasma membrane Which of the following types of molecules are the major structural components of the cell membrane? A. phospholipids and cellulose B. nucleic acids and proteins C. phospholipids and proteins D. proteins and cellulose E. glycoproteins and cholesterol Identify structure A Identify structure B Identify structure C Identify structure D Identify structure E What is the function of cholesterol in animal cell membranes? What kinds of molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily? Compare diffusion and active transport What are the 3 phases of the cell cycle? Outline the events of Interphase. Outline the events of mitosis. How do the daughter cells at the end of mitosis and cytokinesis compare with their parent cell when it was in G1 of the cell cycle?