Ib Geog Hl Populations in Transition revision Notes 2012

8/10/2019 Ib Geog Hl Populations in Transition revision Notes 2012

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• In November 2011, The Population of the world became 7 82662%4"

• Generally speaking, most of the world’s population growth is -.&&$456* %--.&&24#

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• There are two main things, which affect the population size; The Birth Rate '49

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Case Study: The UK’s Ageing Population T4 2005, 16% of the UK’s populations were over 65. This is expected to rise to 25%

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Reasons for the UK’s Ageing Population:

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OU *,() *00-?N Lots of babies were born in the 1940’s and 60’s. These large

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The UK’s Ageing population has many negative impacts:

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many people don’t have other savings. This is because the working population

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• T4-&$',$9 -%,5 %: -)269 +$4$:25, ('29 +* 5)$ #%7$&43$45

• I)%&5'#$ %: !%&/$&, C24 5)$ ,)%&5N5$&3D

• H%,5 %: )$'65)-'&$ C329!27$,1 )$'65) 72,25%&,1 $5-"D

30?#$#/% I-4,G$? %: X%.5):.6 B%(.6'52%4, 32#)5 24-6.9$R

• e%!$& 9$'5) &'5$, ,% 6$,, 3%4$* ,($45 %4 -'&$ )%3$,F)%,(25'6,

• _9.-'5$9 '49 T= 625$&'5$ (%(.6'52%4 C3'4* $69$&6* ($%(6$ '&$ .4:'3262'& !25) 4$! 5$-)4%6%#*D• K+.49'4-$ %: :.5.&$ !%&/$&, I5&%4# 32625'&* 24 5)$ :.5.&$

• e'&#$ :.5.&$ 3'&/$5 C*%.4# ($%(6$ '&$ %:5$4 245$&$,5$9 24 -%4,.3$& #%%9,

Case Study: Uganda’s Youthful Population

• T4 GAAf1 MAg %: 5)$ (%(.6'52%4 !', .49$& @M '49 %46* ^g !$&$ %7$& cM" =)$ (%(.6'52%4 2,

+$-%324# $7$4 3%&$ *%.5):.6"

Reasons for Uganda’s Youthful Population:

QU S#98 (#"$8 ,&2 >%"$#1#$) ",$%?W $7$&* *$'& 5)$&$ '&$ O\ +'+2$, +%&4 :%& $7$&* @AAA ($%(6$1 '49

!%3$4 )'7$ '4 '7$&'#$ %: f -)269&$4 9.&24# 5)$2& &$(&%9.-527$ *$'&,"

OU J07 J#>% K:4%G$,&G) 0> ,"05&2 XO )%,"?W 5)$&$ '&$ 7$&* :$! %69$& ($%(6$1 !)2-) 3$'4, 5)$

(&%(%&52%4 %: 5)$ (%(.6'52%4 3'9$ .( %: *%.4# ($%(6$ 2, 7$&* )2#)"

Uganda’s Youthful population has many 4$#'527$ 23('-5,R

QUL/%"40451,$#0&W =)$ (%(.6'52%4 -.&&$456* ,5'49, '5 '&%.49 ^A 32662%41 +.5 +* GAGM 25 2, 5)%.#)55)'5 25 !266 #&%! 5% '+%.5 Mc 32662%4" =)2, 6$'9, 5% -%4,$L.$45 (&%+6$3,R

OU3"%??5"% 0& $8% 8%,1$8 ;%"/#G%W '&%.49 cAAA !%3$4 '6&$'9* 92$ $'-) *$'& 24 -)269+2&5)" U)$4

5)$ *%.5):.6 (%(.6'52%4 &$'-)$, 5)$ &$(&%9.-527$ '#$1 5)$ (&$,,.&$ %4 5)$ )$'65) ,$&72-$ !266 +$

$7$4 #&$'5$&1 (%5$452'66* 6$'924# 5% 3%&$ 9$'5)," =)$ )$'65) ,*,5$3 2, '6,% ,5&$5-)$9 +$-'.,$ %:

KT>I" T5 2, (',,$9 %4 :&%3 3%5)$& 5% -)269 '49 5)&%.#) .4N(&%5$-5$9 ,$Q1 !)2-) 3$'4, 5)'5 KT>I

3'* ,(&$'9 :.&5)$& !)$4 5)$ *%.5):.6 (%(.6'52%4 ,5'&5 5% )'7$ -)269&$41 (.5524# $7$4 3%&$ ,5&'24

%4 5)$ )$'65) ,*,5$3"

VUY&%-410)-%&$ G0512 9%$ -5G8 70"?%W T4 GAA^1 .4$3(6%*3$45 24 W#'49' !', ^"Gg" ;%!$7$&1

50% of the population are under 15 and so weren’t accounted for in those figures. When the large

youth population reaches working age there won’t be enough jobs for them all, which means that

.4$3(6%*3$45 !266 &2,$ :.&5)$&1 -'.,24# (%7$&5* 5% 24-&$',$"

U)'5 2, ' (%(.6'52%4 (%62-*h=%>#&#$#0&@ Z$',.&$, 5'/$4 +* ' #%7$&43$45 5% 24:6.$4-$ 5)$ !'* 25,

(%(.6'52%4 2, -)'4#24#"

=)$&$ '&$ .!L 5*($, %: (%(.6'52%4 (%62-2$,R

B&%N4'5'62,5 B%62-2$, i K452N4'5'62,5 B%62-2$,

!8,$ ,"% 3"0W&,$,1#?$ 301#G#%?Z=%>#&#$#0&R K (%62-* 5)'5 5&2$, 5% IMACKF;K +2&5) &'5$, '49 5%5'6 :$&52625* &'5$,"

X%. -'4 4%5 :%&-$ ($%(6$ 5% )'7$ -)269&$41 ,% *%. )'7$ 5% %::$& 24-$4527$, $"#"

:&$$ $9.-'52%4"H%.45&2$, 3'* 245&%9.-$ ' (&%N4'5'62,5 (%62-* :%& .!L &$',%4,R

Either…

=)$* )'7$ '4 '#$24# (%(.6'52%4 C24-&$',$9 9$($49$4-* &'52%D

OR…

=)$* )'7$ ' ,)%&5'#$ %: $-%4%32-'66* '-527$ C6%! +2&5), &'5$, '49 5%5'6 :$&52625*

&'5$,D



6@C? -%0*&10%0 3& D/'+ )1E :&F G%(3/:/3, AHB

Case Study: Singapore’s ProW&,$,1#?$ 301#G)

*,GT9"05&2 I&>0"-,$#0&@• I24#'(%&$ )', %4$ %: 5)$ 6%!$,5 5%5'6 :$&52625* &'5$, 24 5)$ !%&691 ,5'4924# '5 @"@1 !)2-) 2,

!$66 +$6%! 5)$ &$(6'-$3$45 &'5$ %: G"@"

• K6&$'9* ^cg %: 5)$ I24#'(%&$ (%(.6'52%4 2, 3'9$ .( %: :%&$2#4 4'52%4'6, '49 24 ,%3$

,$-5%&, 62/$ 249.,5&*1 \Ag %: 5)$ !%&/$&, '&$ :%&$2#4"

<%) >%,$5"%? 0> $8% 301#G)@

@"T5 )', #&G"%,?%2 -,$%"&#$) 1%,/% +* MAg 5% @G !$$/, '49 25 !266 -%7$& 5)$ -%,5 %:

3'5$&425* 6$'7$ :%& 5)$ :2&,5 :%.& +'+2$," =)2, 24-$4527$ 3$'4, 5)'5 ('&$45, 9% 4%5 )'7$ 5%

!%&&* '+%.5 5)$ ,$-.&25* %: 5)$2& !%&/ 2: 5)$* 9$-29$ 5% )'7$ -)269&$4"

G"=)$ I24#'(%&$ #%7$&43$45 2, '6,% #&G"%,?#&9 G8#12 (%&%>#$? ('29 5% :'3262$," d%& $Q'3(6$1

5)$ #%7$&43$45 !266 ('* 3%4$* 245% ' ,($-2'6 +'4/ '--%.45 %: .( 5% 4$'&6* j@AAA :%& ,2Q

*$'&," 8* 9%24# 5)2,1 :'3262$, 9% 4%5 4$$9 5% !%&&* '+%.5 5)$ -%,5, %: )'724# -)269&$4 '49

-'4 24,5$'9 :%-., .(%4 5)$ +$4$:25, %: :'326* 62:$"

^"=)$ I24#'(%&$ #%7$&43$45 )', '6,% ,(%4,%&$9 2,$#&9 0"9,&#[,$#0&? 5% $4-%.&'#$ ($%(6$

5% #$5 3'&&2$9 $'&62$& '49 ,5'&5 )'724# -)269&$4"

;5GG%??%? 0> $8% 301#G)@ • Singapore’s (%(.6'52%4 2, (&%<$-5$9 5% &2,$ 5% M"O 32662%4 +* GAGM"

•

T4-&$',$9 2332#&'52%4 6$7$6, 9.$ 5% 24-&$',$9 5'6$45 6$7$6,"• 24-&$',$ 24 :$&52625* !', ,)%&5N627$91 '49 :$&52625* '49 +2&5), -%4524.$9 5)$ B&%(%&52%4 %:

($&3'4$45 -252[$4, 24-&$',$9 :&%3 fOg 5% \Gg :&%3 GAAA 5% GAAP"

• K ,62#)5 &2,$ 24 =%5'6 d$&52625* ?'5$ 5% '&%.49 @"\ –@"P !', $Q($&2$4-$9 24 5)$ 24252'6 *$'&,

:%66%!24# 5)$ 4$! (%62-*"

E,#15"%? 0> $8% 301#G)@• B.&$6* 3%4$5'&* (%62-2$, '&$ .462/$6* 5% !%&/ #27$4 ', 5)$ 3'24 :'-5%& 2, -)'4#24# ,%-2'6

3249,$5,"

• 24-&$',$ 24 :$&52625* !', ,)%&5N627$91 '49 :$&52625* '49 +2&5), -%4524.$9 5)$ #$4$&'6

9%!4!'&9 5&$491 9$,(25$ '99252%4'6 24-$4527$, 24 GAA@ '49 GAAO"

• I%3$ -%3('42$, '&$ 4%5 $452&$6* '--$(524# ,24-$ ,3'66 !%&/:%&-$ 3$'4, 32,,24#

$3(6%*$$ !)2-) '&$ 23(%&5'45

• #%7$&43$45 '55$3(5, 5% -)'4#$ 5)$,$ 3249,$5, '&$ ,$$4 ', %7$&6* -%45&%6624# '499$-2,2%4 6232524#1 3'/24# 5)$3 ,$$3 '&52:2-2'6 '49 !%&,$424# 5)$ ,25.'52%4"

!8,$ ,"% ,&$#W&,$,1#?$ 301#G#%?Z=%>#&#$#0&@ K (%62-* 5)'5 5&2$, 5% CK=YAK +2&5) &'5$," =)2, -'4 +$ 9%4$ 5)&%.#) +$55$&

$9.-'52%4 %4 :'326* (6'4424# '49 +$55$& (&%72,2%4 %: -%45&'-$(52%4 %& ' 3%&$ &2#29 :%&-$9

policy like China’s.

K -%.45&* 3'* 245&%9.-$ '4 '452N4'5'62,5 (%62-* :%& .!L ?$',%4,R

Either…

25 2, b7$&(%(.6'5$9 C5)$ (%(.6'52%4 2, )2#)$& 5)'4 5)$ &$,%.&-$, '7'26'+6$D"

OR… T5 )', ' *%.4# (%(.6'52%4 C)2#) +2&5) &'5$, '49 5%5'6 :$&52625* &'5$D"

Case Study: China’s AntiW&,$,1#?$ 301#G)

*,GT9"05&2 I&>0"-,$#0&@• H)24' -.&&$456* )', 5)$ 6'&#$,5 (%(.6'52%4 24 5)$ !%&691 ,5'4924# '5 '+%.5 @"^ +2662%4"

• H)24' 2, 5)$ 5)2&9 6'&#$,5 -%.45&* 24 5)$ !%&691 +.5 %46* '+%.5 @Ag %: 25, '&$' 2, #%%9

:%& '&'+6$ :'&324#"

<%) >%,$5"%? 0> $8% 301#G)@• In 1980, the “One Child Policy” was introduced.

• =)2, (%62-* (&%729$9 &$!'&9, '49 +$4$:25, 5% -%.(6$, 5)'5 '#&$$9 5% )'7$ %46* %4$

-)269"

• =)$ (%62-* 2, 3'246* :%-.,$9 %4 .&+'4 '&$', ', 5)2, 2, !)$&$ 5)$ #&$'5$,5 (&%(%&52%4

%: 5)$ *%.4# '&$ &$,29$45"• K99252%4'6 )$'65)-'&$ ,.+,29$, !$&$ #&'45$9 5% %4$N-)269 :'3262$,1 ', !$66 ', (&2%&25*

)$'65)-'&$1 (&2%&25* 24 )%.,24# '66%-'52%41 (&2%&25* 24 $9.-'52%4'6 (&%72,2%4 '49 $Q5&'

:%%9 &'52%4,"

• =)$ (%62-* !', ,5&2-56* $4:%&-$9 '49 5)$&$ !$&$ (.42,)3$45, :%& ($%(6$ !)% 929 4%5

:%66%! 5)$ (%62-* 24-6.924# :24$,1 6%,, %: <%+,1 &$3%7'6 %: $9.-'52%4 '49 )$'65) &2#)5,

:%& -)269&$4 '49 :%& !%3$4 -'.#)5 5% +$ (&$#4'45 !25) ' ,$-%49 -)269 :%&-$9

'+%&52%4 '49 ,5$&262['52%4"

• K5 5)$ ,'3$ 523$ ', (.42,)24# %::$49$&, 5)$ #%7$&43$45 !', '6,% (&%3%524# 5)$ .,$

%: -%45&'-$(52%4 '49 $4-%.&'#24# ($%(6$ 5% #$5 3'&&2$9 6'5$&"

• =)$&$ '&$ '6,% ,%3$ $Q-$(52%4, 5% 5)$ &.6$1 :'3262$, 24 &.&'6 '&$', !$&$ %:5$4 '66%!$9

5!% -)269&$4 !)$&$ ($%(6$ !$&$ 4$$9$9 5% !%&/ %4 5)$ 6'49 '49 $5)42- #&%.(, !$&$

'6,% '66%!$9 5!% -)269&$4";5GG%??%? 0> $8% 301#G)@• =)$ 5%5'6 :$&52625* &'5$ )', 9&%(($9 :&%3 4$'&6* c 5% '+%.5 @"f"

• B%(.6'52%4 #&%!5) &'5$ )', :'66$4 :&%3 ' ($'/ %: G"c@g 24 5)$ 6'5$ @PcAV, 5% '+%.5

A"cMg 24 GA@G

• W( 5% GMA 32662%4 +2&5), )'7$ +$$4 (&$7$45$9 ,24-$ @PfP"

• =)$ '7'26'+2625* %: -%45&'-$(52%4 )', 24-&$',$9" =)2, 3$'4, 5)'5 5)$ +2&5) &'5$ !266

-%4524.$ 5% 9$-&$',$

E,#15"%? 0> $8% 301#G)@"• =)$&$ )'7$ +$$4 -&252-2,3, '+%.5 ).3'4 &2#)5,1 4%5 %46* %7$& :&$$9%3 %: -)%2-$1 +.5

:%&-$9 '+%&52%4, '49 ,5$&262['52%4,"

•

d$3'6$ 24:'452-29$ )', 5'/$4 (6'-$1 !)$&$ 5)$ +%*, )'7$ +$$4 :'7%&$9" =)2, 2,+$-'.,$ !%3$4 '&$ ,$$4 ', 5)$ +$'&$&, %: -)269&$4"

• K, 5)$&$ )', +$$4 ' 9$-&$',$ 5)$ (&%(%&52%4 %: *%.4# ($%(6$1 =)$&$ )', +$$4

,)%&5'#$ %: !%&/$&, 24 ,%3$ '&$',"

• =)$ (%62-* )', +$$4 %($4 5% -%&&.(52%4" d%& $Q'3(6$1 3'4* ($%(6$ )'7$ ('29 +&2+$,

5% )'7$ $Q5&' -)269&$4"



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+$-'.,$ 5)$2& 62:$ 2, 24 9'4#$& $"#" !'& %& 4'5.&'6 92,',5$&

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' ,/2 ,$',%4"

KG0&0-#G -#9",$#0&WU)$4 ($%(6$ 3%7$ +$-'.,$ %: 5)$2& !%&/1

.,.'66* 5% :249 ' +$55$& ('29 <%+ %& ' (&%3%52%4"

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9$,2&$9 9$,524'52%4 !)2-) 92,-%.&'#$ 5)$3 :&%3 3%724# 5)$&$"

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(%(.6'52%4 2, :%&$2#41 %46* '+%.5 @Mg 2, _32&'52"

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+$-'.,$ 5)$* -'4 ,5266 (&'-52,$ 5)$ ,'3$ &$62#2%4, ', +$:%&$" C$"#" T,6'3D"

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4%5 !%&/ ', 3'4.'6 !%&/$&,"

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Ib Geog Hl Populations in Transition revision Notes 2012

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