IASbaba’s PAPER 1: DAY 51 TO DAY 70 TLP COMPILATION1947. a) Industrial Disputes Act 1947.: the act...

IASbaba’s PAPER 1: DAY 51 TO DAY 70 TLP COMPILATION

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Q.1) What were the social reforms carried out by Pandit Nehru between 1947

and 1964?

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Cosviny

Ans) The years from 1947 to 1964 were of high hopes, aspirations and and optimism. The

reforms though taken in all arenas of life viz. social ,political, administrative and economic. The

major social reform are enumerated as:-

1. Rooting of Electoral process and establishment of democratic institutions.- First of all

entrenchment of Democracy took giant leap with election held in 1951-52.

2. Socialistic patter of Society was made conception of Second and third plan. under Social

Pattern of Society land reforms were brought to bring equality in land distribution.

3. Hindu Code(monogamy,right of divorce to both gender, raised age of consent of marriage,

right to maintenance and inherit property by women) and Special marriage act , Prohibition

of Dowry ,1961 were enacted though UCC was remained in DPSP only.

4. Anti untouchability law in 1955 making the practice of untouchability punishable and a

cognizable offence. other necessary measure were taken to raise the status of SC’s and ST’s.

Special facilities in the form of scholarships, hostels, accommodation,loans, housing

,healthcare and legal aid were provided.

5. Community development programme and Panchayati raj brought in for rural capacity

building and development but both remained less effective.

The Lacunae in the social reform carried were unaddressing of the structural inequality in rural

masses in which dominant rural classes and newly evolved Bureaucrats could not become agent

of social transformation.

The dominated class were quite powerless, unaware ,uneducated to put reform in immediate

practice.


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Q.2) Write a critique on the Labour Legislations and Land Reforms executed

until the Shastri rule.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Machiavelli

Ans) Labor force and pfarmers were the one that guided india to development after

independence . Government too was enthusiastic in supporting them at various fronts . some

of the labour legislations were :

1947. a) Industrial Disputes Act 1947.: the act provided for the prior permission of the

government before firing a worker , one of the most controversial act- though ensured

security for workers , unnecessary delay is conspicuous .

1. b) Employees’ Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1952 : social safety to

workers as provident fund . employer and employee contribute equally and acts as a

pension fund .

1. c) minimum wages act 1948 : though provide for minimum wages for number of sectors ,

left a large number out of its ambit . also allowing state to set wages , left still a lot of scope

for low wages.

similarly land reforms were executed to help farmers and enforce socialist goals of the country :

1. a) Zamindari abolition bills :

Zamindari abolition bill in various states introduced in 1949 to to give rights to tenants but lack

of land records , eviction of tenant by land owner made its implementation ineffective

1. b) Tenancy reform : to provide security of tenure as well as reduction of rents the tenancy

reforms bills were introduced in states. but ‘personal cultivation ‘ clause and ceiling for

acquisition left lot of scope for manipulation.

1. c) land ceiling legislations : though legislations were passed by 1961 in most states the

progress was really slow . states fixed very high limit for holdings , transferring lands to

relatives, bogus cooperatives etc were setback to the government intentions.

Though Government come up with plethora of legislations ,the inherent loop holes and poor

implementation , lack of political will on parts of states left the legislations in want of action.

Q.3) What led to the Caste Movements in Western and Southern India? How did

it affect the local socio-political life of the region?


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The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Tom_Dwan

Ans) Causes of caste movements in western and southern India

1. Education among lower and immediate castes led to their raising of voice against

Brahminical domination.

2. Sanskritization ,a process by which lower caste borrows customs,manners and taboos from

higher caste ,led to these movements.examples Lingayat of Karnataka and the Marathas.

3. Prevalent economic inequality caused social economic stratification.

4. Post independence, Indian govt. recognised historically discriminated communities which

led to their further consolidation and awareness of their right.

5. In south India the Brahmins took more advantage of modern educational and employment

opportunities than the upper non-Brahmin castes, secured government jobs, and thus tried

to maintain Brahmin preponderance in government service.

6. The upper-caste non-Brahmins of Tamil Nadu did not believe in Sanskritization. They

challenged the higher status of the Brahmins.The non Brahmins preferred to consider

themselves Dravidians, i.e., natives of the area, and considered Brahmins alien intruder.

Effects on local socio-political life of the region

1. In Maharashtra , rich peasant non-Brahmin elite with strong roots in villages and

cooperatives swept Brahmin intellegenstia from political power.

2. The non Brahmins of Tamil Nadu demanded a separate state for the Dravidians.

3. Some of the backward or non-Brahmin castes in Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu formed

political party to capture political power.

4. The demands for reservation in government jobs and educational institutions for the

backward castes began to be raised repeatedly in the post-independence period.example-

currently Patidar in Gujarat.

5. Rise in number of caste federations which plays role in electoral politics. Example – Kothari

of Gujarat.

Q.4) Bring out some positive and negative social consequences of Green

Revolution. How has the GR changed the rural social structure?

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Vidhu


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Ans) Green Revolution was an important milestone in the history of India which transformed

India from a food deficient , famines stricken country to a foodgrains surplus nation.

The positive social consequences of green revolution are:

1. removal of the dominance of intermediaries and zamindars

2. increased the income of the farmers which led to better standard of living

3. mechanization in agriculture encourage education of children and women

4. farmer moved on from rudimentary farming methods to scientific ones

5. increased the importance and prestige of farmers in India

6. reduced rural to urban migration

7. excess foodgrains was able to feed and sustain the migrants from east Pakistan

8. created scope for new large scale agro-based industries

The negatives were:

1. Benefitted mainly rich and resourceful farmers. This created a wider rich poor divide

2. Excessive usage of chemicals reduced the fertility of land which led to crop loss leading to

farmer suicides.

3. Mechanization led to reduction in employment

4. Over exploitation of water led to shortages and in turn social-political conflicts

5. Created large scale regional disparity in India

The changes in rural structure are:

1. Farmers with increased income could help in rural development and panchyati institution

2. Migration from changed the demography of villages. Men moved out women left

3. Changes in family structure

4. Consumerism increased in the villages

5. Education encouraged occupations other than agriculture for youth.

Q.5) Critically discuss the effects of the Kargil Conflict and its repercussions on

the Indo-Pakistan relations. How did the international community react to it?

The Top Asnwer for this Question is witten by – Vardan Maheswari

Ans) Kargil Conflict was a armed clash between India and Paksitani backed militants due to their

intrusion in the Indian territory of Kargil district.


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-EFFECTS OF KARGIL CONFLICT

a)DEVELOPMENT OF IRNSS- Since India was denied any support of any foreign navigation

systems during the conflict, a need for country’s own navigation system was felt in which took

the form of Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System.

b)INCREASE IN DEFENSE BUDGET-The very next budget after the war increased the financial

allocations to the defense sector.

c)EXPOSED THE FAILURE OF INTELLIGENCE-The RAW was heavily criticized for its inability to

predict any intrusion and no. of infiltrators.

d)PROXY WAR-From then, Pakistan has been allegedly avoiding direct conflicts form India but

increased proxy attacks.

-REPERCUSSIONS ON INDO-PAK RELATIONS

a)Trade, commerce ties of the countries took a backseat after the conflict.

b)Kashmir issue got a new rejuvenation after the conflict

c)FEAR OF NUCLEAR THRESHOLD arose between both the countries.

-REACTION OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY

a)G8 NATIONS supported India and condemned the Pakistani action.

b)China , a long time ally of Pakistan, insisted on moving into pre-conflict positions and solve

border disputes amicably.

c)RUSSIA, ISREAL, ASEAN supported India’s stand.

Q.6) “The Treaty of Versailles was a dictated peace”. Do you agree?

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Vardan Maheshwari

Ans) Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War 1 that marked

the end of war between Germany and Allied Powers.

Though labelled as a treaty of peace, Versailles document turned out to be a dictation due to

the following clauses:

a)WAR GUILT CLAUSE-It forced Germany to accept the responsibility for the war & the damage.


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b)NO GERMAN REPRESENTATIVE-The clauses of the treaty were decided only by Britain, France

and US.

c)HEAVY WAR REPARATIONS-Heavy reparations were imposed on Germany in spite of its

incapacity to afford the same.

d)DEMILITARIZATION OF RHINELAND-It was made a buffer zone between France and Germany

and German army was to maintain only 100000 soldiers.

-Thus from the above clauses, it is clear that the real intention behind the treaty was to make

Germany GRAPPLE WITH ITS ECONOMY AND NEVER BE A THREAT TO FRANCE AND BRITAIN IN

FORESEEABLE FUTURE.

Q.7) ’League of Nations bear considerable similarity with United Nation of

contemporary times’. How far you agree with the statement?

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Rahul Agarwal

Ans) League of nations (LON) and United nations (UN) were created as supra-national bodies

after first and second world war respectively. Both bodies were supposed to promote security,

peace and co-operation in world. League of nations is considered failure, due to its failure to

avert another catastrophic war, but UN is considered a relatively successful body in this regard.

But in recent times, changing geo-political realities and diminsihing legitimacy of UN have

raised its comparison with the dysfunctional nature of erstwhile league of nations:

A. UN has been ineffective in averting acts of aggression by major powers like Annexation of

crimea by russia, Invasion of iraq by NATO etc. This has similarity with helplessness of LON in

preventing german aggression during 1930s

B. The operations in syria by both russia and NATO members are without the approval of UNSC.

undermining its importance. Similarly, institutions of LON was rendered ineffective by violations

by powerful members

C. LON as dominated by western European nations with little voice to african and asian

continents. Still, UNSC lacks the representation of the two most populous continents of world,

and hence is less credible.

Still it would be far fetched to term UN a failure similarly to league of nations because :

1. UN have been successful in averting outbreak of another major war,even during the tense

cold war years


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2. Institutions of UN such as WHO, UNESCO, UNHRC are doing great service to humanity.

Thus, with some impending reforms, UN can again regain its stature as the premier body

responsible for world’s peace.

Q.8) Write a short note on the nature of World War 1 and discuss its impact on

the Women.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Adityaka

Ans) The World War 1 was a war between Imperialist countries to redivide the already

extensively colonised continents of Asia and Africa in the pretense of promoting independence

and self determination of countries. The main reasons for it being called a World War were;

– Extent of the war was not limited to European countries but also trickled to their respective

colonies in Asia and Africa.

– The damage was not restricted to the armies and their soldiers but also extended to the

civilians in the form of famines, epidemics and aeroplane bombings.

– The economy of the whole world was affected.

– It saw the use of dangerous weapons as well as the tragic use of poison gas.

The reasons for the outbreak of the war were;

– Already existing imperialist tensions between European nations, particularly Germany which

had recently unified and industrialised and was on the look out for colonies.

– Formation of dynamic alliances and increasing militarization. Also, growing chauvanistic

nationalist sentiments, particularly those of Slavs and Germans.

Roughly 10 million people lost their lives, mostly men. This had a significant tragic societal

impact on the wives, mothers and sisters. It transformed the demographic structure of the

region. Furthermore, women were actively a part of the war efforts. Nurses were called upon in

the battle fields, women responders were employed for the extensive network telegraphic

communications.

Q.9) The American Revolution was essentially an economic conflict between

American capitalism and British Mercantilism. Comment.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Saurabh Sharma


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Ans) American revolution denotes the struggle of 13 British colonies along the north-eastern

flank of the north america with the british empire. These colonies were economically exploited

by the britain. The resentment of the american colonies started as a protest against this

exploitation culminated with the formation of an independent nation of the USA.

Following facts further reflect on this:

Some of the important industries like iron and steel were not allowed to be developed in these

colonies. The colonies could import most of their products only from Britain. Besides, their

imports were heavily taxed. The ships used in their trade has to be only of Britain.

The tobacco and cotton produced in these colonies could be exported only to Britain. The

colonies had no representation in the british parliament. Hence they were often subjected with

undemocratic and unjustified taxes, the proceeds of which were used in the betterment of the

mainland Britain. The westward expansion of the colonies was checked as several british

aristocrats had bought land and they did not want to forego the rent earned from these lands.

Hence the unequal treatment of the britain towards its American colonies fueled a rebellion

with the aim of achieving economic concessions. But when Britain came hard against such

retaliation, the people of America were convinced that freedom is best way to fulfil their

industrial aspirations.

Q.10) “He was as great as a man can be without virtue”. Critically analyse the

statement regarding Napoleon.


Ans) The above statement, made by Tocqueville, reflects the nature of Napolean’s rule in

France during the first decade of 19th century. His greatness could be measured as :

A. He was considered as a military genius , who had won numerous wars and created a vast

empire in the continental Europe

B. He reduced the influence of church and birth privileges and brought meritocracy and equal

opportunity for all the sections of society in administration.

C. He drafted Napoleonic code,which was considered as model code for governance in Europe

for a long time.

Still his greatness was overshadowed by the shortcomings of his character:

A. His penchant for wars and empire building resulted in ruthless suppression of people and

soldiers.


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B. He showed contempt towards the German and Slavic races, though his own army consisted a

significant proportion of them.

C. He was also against the women rights and considered women

inferior to males.

D. Most crucially, he had a dictatorial mindset, even though he came to power on the backdrop

of removal of monarchy and despotism. He turned out too be another despot.

Thus, although he was man of great talent and skills, but the lack of human virtues denies him

the place among the truly great persons of world history.

Q.11) Discuss if India’s soaring aspirations towards economic development and

the mandate of eliminating poverty have been able to complement each other

well in a highly globalized scenario? Critically examine.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Shiuli

Ans) Globalization in India was accelerated after the New Economic Policy was adopted in 1991.

The reforms had far-reaching impacts on the situation of poverty in the country. They are

enumerated below:

1. Growth – India has steadily grown at around 6-7% since 1991. This is resulted in increasing

per capita income, improvement in civic amenities etc

2. Employment – Due to increasing consumer-orientation ofthe market newer avenues of

employment have opened up in IT, banking sector etc

3. Agriculture – Agricultural sector had benefited by growth in industrial and services sector

through mechanization, availability of best farm-practice (e.g. arid area farming from Israel),

easier banking facilities etc

However, the increasing globalization has also had some negative impacts on poverty –

1. Collapse of rural economies – Rural economies have become increasingly vulnerable to global

shocks due increased exposure under the WTO regime

2. Unequal benefits –The benefits of globalization have largely accrued to the services sector

which employs the least number of people

3. Changing farming patterns – With an increased focus on cash crops, Indian farmers are often

left at the mercy of market forces. Also, land degradation has also occurred on a large scale


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Hence, we see that twin objectives of economic development and poverty alleviation have seen

mixed results. The solution lies in dealing with the problems of inequality and inclusiveness.

Q.12) The death of 13 women, who underwent the sterilisation procedure of

tubectomy in Chhattisgarh, pushes India to re-think about the different family

planning options available. Should the camp-based procedure continue to

operate or there are any methods to better still, the way it’s being carried out?

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Indushree

Ans)

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Q.13) The conduct of societies and communities is shaped by social norms that

evolve over time. What is repugnant today might have been acceptable earlier

to some sections of society. Discuss.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Annapurna Garg

Ans)



Q.14) “Secularism is all about erecting a wall of separation between State and

Religion and thereby devaluing religion”. Critically analyze this statement in the

Indian context.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Shiuli

Ans) The doctrine of separating the State from religious affairs is an essential feature of the

Western brand of secularism. It is characterized by separate spheres of influence, no aid to

religious institutions and no interference in the religious activities.

However, in the Indian context, the State is not totally divorced from religious affairs. Articles

25-28 of the FRs symbolize the pluralism in Indian society as all religions are given equal space

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to develop. In the Western model, this may not be possible. For instance, if a religion restricts

coloured people from attending festivals, the State would not intervene in the matter.

On the other hand, in India, the State maintains a principled distance i.e. it can intervene or

abstain from interference, depending upon which option would better promote liberty, equality

and social justice. Additionally, the State tries to address socially evil practices such as

untouchability (under Art 17) which is mandated by religion, but grossly violates one’s human

rights.

Indian brand of secularism is probably better suited here where a number of communities have

co-existed since ancient times. It is an expression of ‘tolerance’ which is a hallmark of Indian

society. Although, this form of secularism has been criticized for being interventionist, pro-

minority and even anti-religious, it has stood the test of time. Hence, its efficacy cannot be

doubted.

Q.15) “Each generation defines its own values that they feel are right and in

tune with progressive times”. Do you think Indian society holds true to this

statement? Critically Discuss.


Ans) Values are the set of beliefs which are cherished as desired goals and determinants of right

and wrong by a large section of society. Every society has a ingrained value system driving the

social structures and practices. But, seldom do these values are static in nature , and with

increase in knowledge and abilities, they tend to change in progressive societies. Some of the

values which have changed in progressive Indian society are :

A. Varna System: Traditional Indian society considered varna system as ideal for smooth

functioning, But with progressive time,particularly in urban India, these values have been

replaced with equality and inclusiveness

B. Gender Discrimination: In older times, women were constantly subjected to discrimination in

their family and social rights. They were forced to commit sati, remain confined in home, no

property rights etc. The modern progressive society is constantly aiming to provide gender

parity in every walk of life to women.

C. Family structure: Earlier society put a lot of emphasis on joint family structure and shared

living. The present generation is more aspirational and individualistic in nature and hence

nuclear families are considered better.


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But sometimes, the values of younger generation are in opposition to ingrained ethos of

society:

A. Materialism: Present generation is deeply involved in materialistic pleasures, keeping it as

the highest aim of life.

B. Westernisation: With the increasing western influence, the core values of collectivism,

mutual cooperation are under threat.

Thus, no doubt, evolution of values are essential for growth of a civilization, but there are

certain core values like love, kindness, justice etc which are needed to be preserved.

Q.16) What are the reasons of winter rainfall in north western states of India

and southern India?

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Saurabh Sharma

Ans) The north-western India, particularly Punjab, Haryana, HP, J&K, western UP and western

Rajasthan receive winter rainfall due to the western disturbances. These disturbances are the

extra-tropical cyclones that originates over the mediterranean sea.

They move eastwards under the effect of westerlies winds and recharge the moisture from

caspian sea before striking India. Unlike tropical cyclones, they can sustain over the land and

can cover large distances. These winter rains although scanty but are extremely useful for rabi

crops.

The southern part of the peninsular India also receives winter rainfall but due to another

reason. The ITCZ shifts further south and exits Indian mainland with the commencement of

winters. Besides, the high pressure develops over the northern plains. Hence winds start

blowing in reverse direction to that of summer monsoon.

These winds when pass over the Bay of Bengal extracts moisture and cause rainfall over the

eastern coast of Tamil Nadu, southern Andhra pradesh. Hence the areas which lies in rain

shadow region of summer monsoons find compensated with these winter rains.

Q.17) Discuss the development of paper and pulp industry in India. What are

the factors which determine the location of this industry in certain pockets of

India? Comment on the scope of paper and pulp industry in north eastern

states.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Tom_Dwan


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Ans) India’s Pulp and Paper industry has undergone a significant change during the last three

decades, especially after liberalisation.

Development of paper and pulp industry in India

1. Pre independence

– paper manufacturing introduced in India by muslim rulers in 10th century.

– in 1870 Royal paper mills at Ballyganj near Kolkata was setup.

– growth was sluggish.

2. Post independence

-fiscal incentives were provided during the planning periods to reduce the import.

-helped in increasing 17 mills in 1950 to 600 mills today.

-P&P sector was de-licensed in July, 1997 to allow 100 % Foreign Direct Investment (FDI).

-except import for newsprint and pulp,India ready for export of other types of paper.

Major Area having P&P industry: West Bengal,Madhya Pradesh,Andhra

Pradesh,Karnataka,Orissa

The locational factors of the pulp and paper industry

1. Raw Material – Bamboo,Sabai grass,Bagasse,straw from wheat and rice,salai wood

2. Water – requires high quantity of fresh water.

3. Power – A ton of newsprint may require about 2,000 kilowatt hours of electricity

4. Transport – The transport cost of newsprint and paper is slightly higher than the transport

cost of its raw material.

-coastal area good for industry for this reason.

Scope of P&P industry in north east

The potential of a P&P is immense in the Northeast, primarily because

1. availability of a variety of fibres that is rich in cellulose

2. major bamboo producing area

3. water requirement can be fulfilled by Brahmputra river and good rainfall.

Q.18) Discuss different practices of aquaculture in India. What steps have been

taken by the government to promote it.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Rahul Agrawal


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Ans) Aquaculture is the practice of rearing aquatic animals such as fishes, shrimps etc. for

commercial purpose. Aquaculture in India is broadly divided into freshwater aquaculture and

brackish water aquaculture.

Fresh Water Aquaculture: It is generally dominated by cultivation of Indian carps in which Rohu,

Catla and Mrigal are most prominent species. Some varieties of shrimps are also reared. The

practice is most common in states of West Bengal, Andhra pradesh, orissa etc. It has been

observed than only about 40% of the potential of inland water bodies, lakes, paddy fields have

been harnessed.

Brackish water Aquaculture: Given the 8000+km coastline of India, brackish water aquaculture

also have immense potential. Though, devoid of quality fish catch, Giant tiger prawns are the

most popular variety.

Apart from it, aquaculture is also done for breeding decorative varieties of fishes and sea

weeds.

Government has come up with several schemes time to time for promoting development of

aquaculture:

A. Farmer fishing development agency and brackish water farmer fishing development agency

provide institutional support.

B. Blue revolution campaign of Indian government, resulting in investment in infrastructure like

cold supply chain, freezing equipments for higher commercial gains

C. Promotion of products of aquaculture in the food habits among the Indian population.

D. Providing quality fish seeds to farmers at the subsidized costs.

Q.19) World Bank and planning commission of India developed an elaborate

plan of interlinking of rivers of northern and southern India. Critically comment

on its feasibility.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Lakshmisrinivaspasam

Ans) Interlinking of rivers to connect 14 Himalayan rivers and 16 peninsular rivers to transfer

water from surplus areas to deficit areas

Advantages –

1. Solve water crisis in peninsular region and there by eliminates poverty.

2. Solves problem of floods and droughts.

3. Can generate hydroelectricity.


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4. Improves inland navigation and thereby reduces transport costs to goods.

Disadvantages

1. Long gestation period and huge amount of finances are required.

2. Causes submergence and displacement of millions of people.

3. About 13 GW power is required to lift water.

4. Environmental damage…requires clearance of forests and threat to biodiversity and alters

hydrological system

Problems

1. Needs cooperation from upper riparian states to lower riparian states.

2. Needs international cooperation and support of China and bangladesh.

3. Though Himalayan rivers are perennial water flow is not ensured all round the year.

So rather than embarking on such large project alternatives like

1. Connecting regional interlinking of rivers like ken – betwa, Krishna godavari (polavaram )

2. Efficient management of existing water resoiurces by rain water harvesting and reducing

evapotranspiration,seepage losses,

3. Phasing out of power subsidies and implementing water auditing systems and using

technologies like desalination, reusing domestic and industrial waste water are more feasible

given the developmental and infrastructural challenges ahead.

Q.20) Recently, there have been substantial developments in the field of

monsoon prediction in India. Discuss these developments and also enumerate

the variables that are taken into account for predicting the monsoons.

The Top Answer for this Question is written by – Rahul Agrawal

Ans) India is associated with monsoon rainfall regime, marked by seasonal reversal of winds ,

and rainfall concentrated in 3-4 months of south west monsoon. There have been many

theories regarding the origin of monsoon, with the earlier theories based on differential heating

of land and water(Haileys) and shifting of pressure belts (Flohn).

Since, these theories proved to be unsatisfactory for explaining monsoon , off late various new

prediction techniques have been included:


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A. El-Nino: It has found to be having great impact on Indian monsoon hence, it is included as

variable in monsoon prediction.

B. Jet Stream: As monsoons, are marked by sudden burst, upper atmospheric jet stream

circulations are also considered as causative factors. Shifting of westerly jet stream to tropical

easterly jet stream is associated with monsoon burst

C. Indian Ocean Dipole: Also, it has been observed that though all drought years have been El-

Nino years, every El-Nino incident didn’t result in drought. Meteorologist have identified Indian

ocean dipole ( Also called madden-jullien oscillation) as a controlling factor of Indian monsoon.

Positive IOD corresponds to higher rainfall and vice versa.

D. A recent study of WMO, has found some link between temperature of water surface in Bay

of Bengal and monsoon.

Despite, various analysis and studies, monsoon prediction has still been guesswork at best due

to complex involvement of various factors. This was evident when Indian Meteorological

organization predicted a 12% shortfall in Indian monsoon in 2015 while skymet, a private

weather organization, tipped it to be 2-3% surplus.

IASbaba’s PAPER 1: DAY 51 TO DAY 70 TLP COMPILATION1947. a) Industrial Disputes Act 1947.: the act...

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Transcript of IASbaba’s PAPER 1: DAY 51 TO DAY 70 TLP COMPILATION1947. a) Industrial Disputes Act 1947.: the act...