IAM analysis of Asian - Joint Global Change Research Institute · 2020-01-12 · Development...

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1 IAM analysis of Asian climate Policy Mikiko Kainuma*, Toshihiko MASUI**, Shinichiro Fujimori*** * Institute for Global Environmental Strategies ** National Institute for Environmental Studies & Tokyo Institute of Technology *** Kyoto University Twelves Annual Meeting of the IAMC Tsukuba, 2019

Transcript of IAM analysis of Asian - Joint Global Change Research Institute · 2020-01-12 · Development...

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IAM analysis of Asian climate Policy

Mikiko Kainuma*, Toshihiko MASUI**, Shinichiro Fujimori***

* Institute for Global Environmental Strategies** National Institute for Environmental Studies & 

Tokyo Institute of Technology*** Kyoto University

Twelves Annual Meeting of the IAMCTsukuba, 2019

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• Asian countries will update their mitigation target and roadmap to achieve the 2/1.5 degree target reflecting their issues to be solved and the resources to be endowed. 

• Model can be a collaboration tool between science and decision making process. From the long‐term viewpoint, each country will need the capacities to develop model and scenarios by itself. 

• AIM (Asia‐Pacific Integrated Model) has supported Asian countries to develop the integrated assessment model and their long‐term low carbon scenarios that support domestic as well as international policy making. 

International Network of AIM (Asia‐Pacific Integrated Model)

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The 25th AIM International Workshop@NIES, Japan, Nov 18‐19, 2019

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Brief History of AIM and its application

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Center for CC AdaptationAR6SAR TAR AR4 AR5 SR1.5SRES

Developmentof Sustainable

Low/Zero-CarbonSociety

EMF IAMC International model comparison

Eco-Asia

Japan mid target / INDC

MA

AIM/AirSnapshot tool & ExSS

AIM/Climate

AIM/CGE [Global]AIM/CGE [Japan]

Carbon tax policy assessemnt in Japan based on AIM/Enduse and CGE

Long-term GHG emissions scenarios IPCC SRES / RCPs / SSPs

AIM/Enduse [Japan] and application to Asian countriesAIM/Enduse [Global]

2007

2008

Impact assessment models

2018

FAR

UNEP/GEO

Long-term LCS

COP3 COP21COP8

NIES 4th 5-yr planNIES 3rd 5-yr planNIES 2nd 5-yr planNIES 1st 5-yr plan

2100

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

2050

2015

2016

2017

2009

2010

2020

2030

2040

1999

2000

2001

2002

2011

2012

2013

2014

2003

2004

2019

2005

2006

LLGHG&SLCP(‐FY2018) 

Asia LCS Project(‐FY2013) 

Long‐term strategiesStart of AIM

Project (FY1990‐) 

AIM Workshop(FY1995‐)

AIM TrainingWS (FY1997‐) 

COP Side Event(FY2005‐) 

Japan LCS Project(‐FY2008) 

SATREPS (‐FY2015) 

JCM

Fukushima

LoCARNet

‐BOCMMRV

Low‐Carbon Vision

Japan UK JointProject (‐FY2007) 

LCS‐RNet

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Model World

Overview of AIM (Asia‐Pacific Integrated Model)

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Impact/Adaptation Model

Emission Model

【Country】

【Global】

【Enduse model】

【Economic model】

【Account model】

【sequentialdynamics】

【dynamicoptimization】

【Local/City】

Agriculture

Water

Human health

Simple Climate Model

Other Models

future society

Population Transportation Residential

GHG emissions

temperature 

【Global】 【National/Local】

feedback

AIM/Impact[Policy]

AFOLU Stock‐flow

mid‐term target

IPCC/WG3

IPCC/WG2

IPCC/integrated scenario

carbon tax

long‐term vision

Life‐style adaptation

low carbon scenario

Mitigation Target, Climate Policy, Capacity building, ...        Real World

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Core research members

Application and development to actual LCS processes

Development and maintenance of study tools/models

Each country’s domestic/local research institute

Policy makers

Central/regional government

administration

Development Agencies

NGOs

Collaboration for developing LCS scenario and the roadmaps

Request of more practical, realistic roadmaps and also tractable tools for Low Carbon Development Strategies

Collaboration with Asian countries; Scenario approach towards Low Carbon Society in Asia

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Research activitiesCollaboration with stakeholders

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http://2050.nies.go.jp/LCS;https://lcs‐rnet.org/

AIM Research Project Team Approach towards LCS in Asia

India

China

Japan

Vietnam

Indonesia

Thailand

Bangladesh

Malaysia

Cambodia

Korea

Bhutan

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Industry

Residential

Commercial

Passenger transport

Freight transport

Waste

Figure 1: GHG emissions by sectors

Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025 

12 actions, 281 programs

Source: Low Carbon Society Blueprint for Iskandar Malaysia 2025, Summary for Policymakers (2nd Ed.), 2013, Ho Chin Siong, Yuzuru Matsuoka et al.

Green

 Co

mmun

ityGreen

 Environm

ent

Green

 Econ

omy

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Paris Agreement assessment for Global and Asian countries

Published in September 2017

• Assessment of 2030 emissions reduction targets by AIM/CGE global and nationalmodel

• Considering each country national policy• Led by individual national team members under AIM 

umbrella

• China• India• Indonesia• Thailand• Vietnam• Japan• Global

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China

Dai and Masui

Fujimori, Kainuma, Masui (eds), Post‐2020 Climate Action, Springer, 2017 

Primary Energy Mix in 2030 Primary Energy MixIndia

Shukla, Mittal, Liu, Fujimori, Dai and Zhang

Thailand

Primary Energy Mix in 2030

Limmeechokchai, Chunark, Fujimori and Masui 

Indonesia

Fujimori, Siagian, Hasegawa, Yuwono, Boer, Immanuel and Masui

Total primary energy supply

2oC target

NDCLow carbon options at the demand side

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20172018

Carbon Management Volume 9, 2018 ‐ Issue 5

• Assessment of climate policies with 1.5 degree target

• Led by individual national team members under AIM umbrella and international collaborators

• China• India• Thailand• Japan• Korea• Nepal• Germany• Global

Assessment of pathways of the net zero GHG emission consistent with 1.5 degree target

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NucPhaseOut NucPhaseOut

Energy system transformation analysis in power sector in Japan with AIM Enduse Model 

• Dependence on VREs, such as solar and wind, as well as BECCS.

Oshiro, K., Kainuma, M., & Masui, T. (2017). Transformation of Japan’s energy system to attain net‐zero emission by 2050. Carbon management, 9(5), https://doi.org/10.1080/17583004.2017.1396842

Renewables

Wind|Offshore

Wind|Onshore

SolarBECCSHydroNuclearGas+CCSGas

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Brief history of climate policy in Japan and AIM• 1997; Toward UNFCCC COP3, Japan technology model (AIM/Enduse) model was used to assess the 

mitigation target in Japan.  GHG mitigation target in Japan: ‐6% compared to 1990 level

• 2008; Based on three types of models (global technology model, Japan technology model and Japan economy model), options of Japan’s middle‐term target (2020 target) on GHG reduction were calculated.  Role of model was to provide 6 options as GHG mitigation target. (Final decision was done by 

policymakers.) GHG mitigation target in Japan: ‐15% compared to 2005 level (‐7% to 1990 level)

• 2009‐2011; By using Japan technology model and Japan economy model, the possibility of “25% reduction in 2020 compared to 1990 level” was assessed.  Role of model was to show how to achieve the ‐25% target. Great East Japan Earthquake and Fukushima Dai‐ichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident in 2011• The new mitigation target in 2020 was decided to be “‐3.8% compared to 2005 (+3.1% to 1990 level)”

on November 15, 2013. Assumption: No nuclear power in 2020. 

• As a Japan's mitigation target, "26% reduction compared with 2013 level in 2030" was endorsed by the Cabinet on July 17, 2015.  Assumption: Share of nuclear power is 20‐22% in 2030.

• In 2016, Cabinet decided 80% reduction of GHG in 2050 compared with present level. • Since 2016, MOEJ started to discuss long‐term low carbon vision in Japan.• In July 2018, the 5th Strategic Energy Plan was approved by the Cabinet. • In June 2019, the long‐term strategy of Japan was approved by the Cabinet. 

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Policy dialogue at Bangkok, 30 October, 2019

NIES

8th Annual Meeting of Low Carbon Asia Research Network in Beijing, 8 Nov, 2019

• AIM team has supported policy dialogues in Asia. 

• At the meetings of LCS‐RNet in Rome and LoCARNet in Beijing, we discussed how to communicate with policy makers and other stakeholders. 

11th Annual Meeting of Low Carbon Research Network in Rome, 17‐18 Oct, 2019

Workshop on carbon neutral development in Bhutan on May 17 & 18, 2018

Enduse training WS, hosted by MANIT (Bhopal), India 3‐7,Dec. 2018

Workshops and policy dialogue

• Thailand workshop will be followed by the workshops in Bhutan, Laos,  Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam in FY2019.

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Limiting global warming to 1.5oC would require rapid, far-reaching and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society (IPCC SR15)

GHG

 emissions per capita

Developed Countries

High Energy Lock‐ins in Type Development

With high Damage on Economy and Natural System

Leapfrog‐development

Developing Countries

Time

How can we achieve transformation?

http://2050.nies.go.jp/LCS

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InterviewswithAuthorsofIPCCSpecialReports

“Thenext10yearsarekeytolimitthetemperatureincreaseto1.5°C”JimSkea,Co‐Chair,WorkingGroupIII,IPCC

“Financialpolicypromotinglow‐carboninvestmentiskey”Jean‐CharlesHourcade,LeadAuthorofChapter4,IPCCSR1.5

“Muchstrongercooperationisneeded”P.R.Shukla,Co‐Chair,WorkingGroupIII,IPCC

“Thereisareasonwhyseeminglyvacantlandisvacant”Yoshiki YAMAGATA,RevieweditorforChapter6oftheIPCCSRCCL

“ThesleepingGiantisbeginningtostir”HiroyukiENOMOTO,LeadAuthorofChapter1,IPCCSROOC

https://iges.or.jp/en/projects/ipcc

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Thank you for your attention!

‐Mahatma GandhiYou must be the change you wish to see in the world.

http://lcs‐rnet.org/

http://www‐iam.nies.go.jp/aim/