IAEA Training in Emergency Preparedness and Response Module L-054 Scenario, Injects and Data...
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Transcript of IAEA Training in Emergency Preparedness and Response Module L-054 Scenario, Injects and Data...
IAEA Training in Emergency Preparedness and Response
Module L-054Module L-054
Scenario, Injects and Data
LectureLecture
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 2
Objectives
• Know the overall process for the development of an exercise scenario.
• Understand the difference between injects and data
• Know what data is required to run an exercise
• Understand the need for scenario security
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 3
Process Overview
Objectives
Reviewprocedures
Basic scenario Validate
Detailed scenario,injects and data
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 4
Objectives and Scenario
• The scenario is based on the
objectives!• The scenario MUST allow all the selected
objectives to be met
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 5
Exercise Objectives
• Choice of objectives:• Select compatible objectives
• Don’t be too ambitious
• Don’t try to do everything in one exercise
• But do try to cover all objectives over a five-year program
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 6
Review Procedures
• To understand expected actions by participants
• To understand what information and data needs to be injected, and when
• Rule 1: Use existing procedures
• When is it allowed to break Rule 1?
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 7
Review Procedures (Cont’d)
• When is it allowed to break Rule 1?• When testing a new plan and new procedures...
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 8
Develop the Basic Scenario
• It is like writing a story!
• Like a good story• The plot must be believable
• The story must be captivating...
• From beginning to end!
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 9
A Believable Story!
• Events must be physically possible
• As much as possible, they must be credible• They may be highly improbable but even
improbable things happen!
• Random failures should be on somewhat related systems (causal relationship)
• External events are a nice way to initiate an emergency (fire, earthquake, storm)
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 10
A Captivating Story!
• Don’t bunch events
• Don’t overwhelm staff
• Don’t try things that have a fair chance of ruining the exercise
• Most beautiful exercise is one where initiating event is simple and is allowed to run its course naturally
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 11
A Story That Unfolds by Itself
• The scenario should allow as much free-play as possible• How much controller intervention is required to drive the
scenario?
• Simulation is always required but should be minimal• Simulation interferes with the exercise
• The scenario should unfold naturally and realistically• How much human errors or stupidity is required to make
the scenario happen?
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 12
Designing the Event SequencesBottom-up Approach
• Start with the final events • (evacuation, life-threatening injury,...)
• Work backwards towards realistic initiating events
• Respect timing and duration of intermediate events
• Tie the whole series of events in a "Story"
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 13
Designing the Event SequencesTop-down Approach
• Start with the initiating event • (tornado, LOCA...)
• Play out the consequences according to safety analysis, plans and procedures
• Add embellishments to the basic "Story"
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 14
Event Sequences: Validation
• Training staff is very valuable
• Explain the methodology (or recipe…)
• Explain the objectives
• Explain your needs
• Respect their advice
• Verify safety of scenario
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 15
Exercise ScenarioDetailed Contents
• Start state• Narrative• Critical time line• Master event list• Local event lists• Supporting data
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 16
What do You Need to Run the Scenario?
Controller Injects Players
Actions
Data
Response
gives to
Perform
Receive
React
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 17
Injects (Reminder)
• Inject = information “injected” by a controller to a player to simulate an event• Example: Initiation of a fire alarm in a facility
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 18
Inject (Example)
From: simulated police chiefTo: regional emergency management groupTime: 0830 hMessage:This is lieutenant Palmer. The evacuation of sector A is proceeding. There is a traffic jam at the corner of Main road and Sanity boulevard. Estimate that it will clear in 2 hours.
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 19
Inject (Example)
Inject # 1-10 Inject time 0730Injected by On-site controllerInjection method Phone call
MESSAGE
From: WitnessTo: Eemergency response 24/7 call service or other designated playerSimulated time: 0730
A witness called the emergency response 24/7 service to inform the emergencydispatchers of an emergency. He gave information about a train and truck crash,possible leaking fuel, and gave no other information.
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 20
Inject (Example)
• Medical injects• Patient starts vomiting
• Moulage
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 21
How to Deliver an Inject
• Verbally (by simulating the originator)• Direct but interferes with the player
• By phone, fax or radio• Direct and simulates reality
• In writing, by handing out the inject• Indirect and interferes with players, but is the best
way in cases where there is a language barrier
• Visually• Example, moulage
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 22
Data (Reminder)
• Data = information provided by a controller to a player when adequate actions are taken to obtain it• Example: ambient gamma measurement when a
survey is conducted
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 23
What Data is Required?
• All information needed but not actually available must be simulated
• To understand what data will be required, ask yourselves:• What must the players do?• What information or data will they need?• Will that data be available?• Is it essential for their performance?• In what form is it normally obtained?
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 24
What Data is Required (Cont’d)?
• Generate the data in the form required:• e.g. If ambient dose rate is measured, do not
provide committed effective dose or dose rate
• e.g. If contamination meters read in cpm, do not provide contamination data in Bq/m2
• e.g. If the meters saturate at the expected reading, don’t give a reading that exceeds the scale of the instrument
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 25
Data Required (Facility)
• System parameters
• In-station radiological data
• Stack monitor readings
• Off-site radiological measurements• Gamma shine
• Ground deposition
• Soil and food contamination
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 26
Data Required (Facility)
• Chemistry laboratory analyses
• Health physics laboratory analyses
• Fixed monitoring station readings
• Personnel accounting (to simulate missing persons if required)
• Medical data
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 27
Data Required (Facility)
• Source term?• Not required because not normally available
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 28
Data Required (Off-site)
• Radiation levels
• Vehicle contamination
• People contamination data
• Road conditions
• Other operational data
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 29
Data Required (Off-site)
• Weather: real or simulated?
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 30
Data Required (Medical)
• Patient basic information
• Vital signs
• Bioassay results
• X-ray results
• Lymphocyte counts
• Status of injuries
• Others
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 31
How to Prepare the Data?
• From tables• Technical data
• From graphs• Time-dependent technical data
• From figures or pictures• Geometric technical data, layouts, site condition,
control board status
• From maps• Geographical information
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 32
Tables
Time Containment pressure
Remark
0900 60 kPa Increasing
0930 90 kPa Stable
1000 85 kPa decreasing
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 33
Exercise DataGraphs (Example)
Ambient radiation levels
0
50
100
150
9 10 11 12 13
time
mic
roS
v/h
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 34
20 - 25 cps
15 - 20 cps
10 - 15 cps
5 - 10 cps
Exercise DataFigures or Pictures (Example)
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 35
Exercise DataMaps (Example)
1 33 46 49 51
LittleDipperHarbour
58
63
Pt Lepreau NGS
Dipper Harbour
2 km
4 km
6 km
8 km
10 km
100101
102
103
104105
106107 108
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 36
Maps (Cont’d)F ig u r e 1 : D o s e r a t e s a t t h e s c e n e b e f o r e s o u r c e r e m o v a l
D o s e r a t e s in m S v / h . E a c h s q u a r e r e p r e s e n t s 1 m 2 . T h e s o u r c e lo c a t io n is s h o w n inr e d . N o t e t h a t t h e d is t a n c e a t w h ic h t h e a m b ie n t g a m m a d o s e r a t e d r o p s t o 1 0 0 S v / h isa t a b o u t 1 0 0 m .
3 4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 8 2 0 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 0 1 8 1 7 1 5 1 4
4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 4 2 6 2 8 2 9 3 1 3 1 3 1 2 9 2 8 2 6 2 4 2 1 1 9 1 7 1 5
4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 7 2 0 2 2 2 5 2 8 3 1 3 4 3 7 3 8 3 9 3 8 3 7 3 4 3 1 2 8 2 5 2 2 2 0 1 7
4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 2 2 6 2 9 3 4 3 9 4 3 4 7 5 0 5 1 5 0 4 7 4 3 3 8 3 4 2 9 2 6 2 2 1 9
4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 5 4 1 4 8 5 6 6 3 6 8 6 9 6 8 6 3 5 6 4 8 4 1 3 5 2 9 2 5 2 1
4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 0 2 4 2 8 3 4 4 1 5 0 6 1 7 4 8 6 9 6 1 0 0 9 6 8 6 7 4 6 1 5 0 4 1 3 4 2 8 2 4
4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 2 2 6 3 1 3 9 4 8 6 1 7 8 1 0 0 1 2 5 1 4 7 1 5 6 1 4 7 1 2 5 1 0 0 7 8 6 1 4 8 3 8 3 1 2 6
4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 9 2 3 2 8 3 4 4 3 5 6 7 4 1 0 0 1 3 9 1 9 3 2 5 0 2 7 8 2 5 0 1 9 2 1 3 9 1 0 0 7 4 5 6 4 3 3 4 2 8
4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 7 2 0 2 4 2 9 3 7 4 7 6 3 8 7 1 2 5 1 9 3 3 1 3 5 0 0 6 2 5 5 0 0 3 1 3 1 9 2 1 2 5 8 6 6 3 4 7 3 7 2 9
4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 1 2 5 3 1 3 9 5 0 6 8 9 7 1 4 8 2 5 1 5 0 1 1 2 5 1 2 5 0 1 1 2 5 0 5 0 0 2 5 0 1 4 7 9 6 6 8 5 0 3 8 3 1
4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 1 2 5 3 1 3 9 5 1 7 0 1 0 1 1 5 7 2 7 9 6 2 6 2 5 0 1 2 5 0 1 2 5 0 0 6 2 5 2 7 8 1 5 6 1 0 0 6 9 5 1 3 9 3 1
4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 1 2 5 3 1 3 9 5 0 6 8 9 6 1 4 7 2 5 1 5 0 1 1 2 5 1 2 5 0 1 1 2 5 0 5 0 0 2 5 0 1 4 7 9 6 6 8 5 0 3 8 3 1
4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 4 1 7 2 0 2 4 2 9 3 7 4 7 6 3 8 6 1 2 5 1 9 3 3 1 3 5 0 1 6 2 6 5 0 0 3 1 3 1 9 2 1 2 5 8 6 6 3 4 7 3 7 2 9
4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 8 9 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 9 2 3 2 8 3 4 4 3 5 6 7 4 1 0 0 1 3 9 1 9 3 2 5 1 2 7 8 2 5 0 1 9 3 1 3 9 1 0 0 7 4 5 6 4 3 3 4 2 8
4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 2 2 6 3 1 3 9 4 8 6 1 7 8 1 0 0 1 2 5 1 4 8 1 5 7 1 4 7 1 2 5 1 0 0 7 8 6 1 4 8 3 8 3 1 2 6
4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 2 0 2 4 2 8 3 4 4 1 5 0 6 1 7 4 8 6 9 7 1 0 1 9 7 8 6 7 4 6 1 5 0 4 1 3 4 2 8 2 4
4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 6 1 8 2 1 2 5 2 9 3 5 4 1 4 8 5 6 6 3 6 8 7 0 6 8 6 3 5 6 4 8 4 1 3 5 2 9 2 5 2 1
4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 3 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 2 2 6 2 9 3 4 3 9 4 3 4 7 5 0 5 2 5 0 4 7 4 3 3 9 3 4 2 9 2 6 2 2 1 9
4 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 7 2 0 2 2 2 5 2 8 3 1 3 4 3 7 3 9 4 0 3 9 3 7 3 4 3 1 2 8 2 5 2 2 2 0 1 7
4 4 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 7 1 9 2 1 2 4 2 6 2 8 3 0 3 1 3 1 3 1 3 0 2 8 2 6 2 4 2 1 1 9 1 7 1 5
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 37
How to Provide the Data
• Verbally or in writing• Be non-intrusive• Avoid conversations• Do not show the entire graph when using a
graph• Do not show the map if a single point data is
required• If the player does not take the appropriate
action, do not volunteer the data
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 38
Scenario Security
• Scenario security is important:• It helps ensure that the participants react in a
realistic way
• It helps ensure that the evaluation is accurate
• It is more stimulating and adds value to the exercise
• It leads to useful lessons
L-054: Scenario, Injects and Data 39
Summary
• You need to select objectives before you design an exercise
• The scenario is directly related to the objectives
• The scenario needs to be realistic and validated
• Injects and data are different• Injects drive the scenario
• Data must be deserved by the player
• Provide injects and data in a realistic and practical manner