IAEA IAEA

International Atomic Energy Agency

ATOMS FOR THE FUTURE 2014 October 13-14, 2014

IAEA SERVICES

Nuclear Power Reactor Technologies

Construction & Operation

Thomas Koshy, Head

Nuclear Power Technology Development

Department of Nuclear Energy

IAEA

AGENDA

• Nuclear Power – A Snap Shot

• Future Reactors – Wide Energy Solutions

• Potential For Improving Efficiency

• Global Nuclear Safety & Security

• Fundamental Safety Principles

• Infra Structure Development

• IAEA Services

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Nuclear Power – A Snap Shot

IAEA Power Reactor Information System (PRIS) Sept 1, 2014

70 NPPs under construction 437 Operable

China constructing: 27 NPPs (incl. 1 SMR: HTR-PM)

Russia constructing: 10 VVERs (+ planned constructions in embarking

countries (Turkey, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Belarus, Jordan,…) + KLT-40s a Floating NPP

Advanced Reactors under construction:

• ABWR: 2 units in Japan, 2 in Taiwan

• EPR: 4 units: 2- China, Finland, France

• APR1400: 4 units in Korea, 2 units in UAE (+2 units just approved)

• AP1000: 4 units in USA, 4 units in China

• VVER1000/1200s deployments in Russian and foreign markets

• ESBWR received design certification from the US NRC in Sept 2014

• CAP1400 completed safety review by the nuclear regulatory authority in China

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Nuclear Power Horizon

• Large Light Water Reactors continue to be available with advancements for safety.

• PWR-based smaller reactors progressing: innovative ones a little slower

• Gas Cooled Reactors HTGRs –Near future with greater process heat potential

• Fast Reactors – in two decades for reducing Radwaste and increased fuel efficiency

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Extended application due to available higher temperatures

Future Reactors – Wide Energy Solutions

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Potential for Improving Thermal Efficiency of

Nuclear Stations

Improves overall efficiency

Recover some Waste Heat

Off Peak Power Utilization

Net Electricity

Net Electricity

Potential heat recovery

Losses

Losses

34% 72%

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Process heat / co-generation

Boosts efficiency & Allows flexibility of operation switching

between electricity and process heat 7

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Efficient Application of Power Reactors

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Source: U.S. DOE, 2010

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Nuclear Safety Lessons

11 March 2011 Fukushima Daiichi Accident

Units 1 - 4

26 April 1986 Chernobyl Accident

Unit 4

28 March 1979 Three Mile Island Accident

Unit 2

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Global Nuclear Safety and Security

Framework

• Safety is an essential condition for a sustainable and successful nuclear power programme

• Safety is an integral component in all infrastructure issues

• Safety cannot be outsourced

• A safety culture starting with strong and effective leadership is essential

• Weak links need to be identified and strengthened

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EXISTING SAFETY STANDARDS HIERARCHY

Safety Guides

Safety Requirements

Safety Fundamentals

Contains High Level

Safety Concepts

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Fundamental Safety Principles

Principle 7: Protection of present and future generations

Principle 8: Prevention of accidents

Principle 9: Emergency preparedness and response

Principle 10: Protective actions to reduce existing or unregulated radiations risks must be justified and optimized

Ten safety principles form the basis on which safety

requirements are developed and safety measures are

implemented to achieve the primary safety objective.

Principle 1: Responsibility for safety

Principle 2: Role of government

Principle 3: Leadership and management for safety

Principle 4: Justification of facilities and activities

Principle 5: Optimization of protection

Principle 6: Limitations of risks to individuals

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Principle 1: Responsibility for safety

The prime responsibility for safety must rest with the person or organization

responsible for facilities and activities that give rise to

radiation risks.

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Principle 2: Role of Government

An effective legal and governmental framework for

safety, including an

Independent Regulatory Body, must be established and sustained.

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Principle 3: Leadership and Management for

Safety

Effective leadership and management for safety must be established and sustained in organizations concerned

with, and facilities and activities that give rise to,

radiation risks.

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“…safety culture governs attitudes

and behaviours…”

Principle 3: Leadership and

Management for Safety

Safety culture includes: • Individual and collective commitment to

safety on the part of leadership, management and personnel at all levels;

• Accountability of organizations and of individuals at all levels of safety;

• Measures to encourage a questioning and learning attitude and to discourage complacency with regard to safety.

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Milestones in the Development of a National

Infrastructure for Nuclear Power (NG-G-3.1)

• National position

• Nuclear safety

• Management

• Funding and financing

• Legislative framework

• Safeguards

• Regulatory framework

• Radiation protection

• Electrical grid

• Human resources development

• Stakeholder involvement

• Site and supporting facilities

• Environmental protection

• Emergency planning

• Security and physical protection

• Nuclear fuel cycle

• Radioactive waste

• Industrial involvement

• Procurement

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Infrastructure Development

REACTOR TECHNOLOGY

ASSESSMENT

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IAEA REVIEW SERVICES

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NPP site

review

mission

Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3

INIR

mission

INIR

mission

NPP construction

review mission

Pre-

OSART

mission

SCART

mission

EPREV

mission

ISSAS

mission

IPPAS

mission

INSSERV

mission

Integrated Nuclear Infra-structure Review; International Physical Protection Advisory Service;

State System for Accounting and Control of Nuclear material-Advisory Service; International

Nuclear Security Advisory Service; Safety Culture Assessment Review Team; Emergency

Preparedness Review; Operational Safety Review Team

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Construction Readiness Review

• Areas Reviewed: • Project Management;

• Engineering Readiness;

• Procurement / Material / Supply Chain Readiness;

• Quality Management and Records;

• Human Resources and Training;

• Construction Readiness;

• Construction Installation Completion Assurance;

• Targeted Reviews (as requested by customer).

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IAEA Assistance for

Site and External Events Design

• Site related services

• Site selection process

• Site environmental assessment

• Integrated site evaluation

• Site hazard evaluation

• Design related services

• Safety review of SSC’s against external and internal hazards

• Design safety margin assessment

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IAEA Expert Missions

• Human Resource Development • Industrial Involvement • Legislative assistance • Regulatory Framework • Communication and stakeholder

involvement

• Technology assessment • Etc….

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Construction Technology Sharing

Construction

Technologies for

Nuclear Power Plants

IAEA Nuclear Energy

Series NP-T-2.5

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Construction Technologies for New Nuclear Projects

Date: 17 - 19 March 2015,

Place: Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Host: Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power Company.

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Integrated List of IAEA Services

http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Infrastructure/catalogue.html

View the catalogue by clicking on the icons below:

24 IAEA/NPTDS/T.Koshy

http://www.iaea.org/NuclearPower/Infrastructure/catalogue.html

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Thank you for your attention

t.koshy@iaea.org

Comments / Questions ?

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Backup Slides

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Non – Electric Applications: Cogeneration

• Higher efficiency by utilizing waste heat

• Economic advancement (cogeneration + sharing of infrastructures)

• Benefits of coupling (eg. provide necessary industrial quality water to the NPP, make

use of the off-peak power)

• Reduced temperature on water discharge

• Process heat for paper mills, petroleum, chemical and plastic industries

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USNRC Regulatory Framework

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http://www.nrc.gov/reactors/operating/oversight/rop-description.html