IAAG Africa Regional Conference - Dr Alex Kalache Robert Butler Mermorial Presentation
Transcript of IAAG Africa Regional Conference - Dr Alex Kalache Robert Butler Mermorial Presentation
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International Longevity Centre Robert Butler Memorial Lecture
The Longevity Revolution within the African context: opportunity
and challenge.
Cape Town, October - 2012Alexandre Kalache
President - International Longevity Centre - BrazilSenior Policy Advisor on Global Ageing, New York Academy of Medicine
HelpAge International Global Ambassador
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BOB BUTLER
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AGEISM______________ The Longevity Revolution
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Revolution Revolution
”A radical and pervasive change in society and the social structure”
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LongevityLongevity
Worldwide, life expectancy at birth has increased by 30 years over the last century
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The reality though is that the Longevity Revolution has yet
to happen in Africa.
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Proportion of 65 + 2010 2020Angola 2.9 3.1Botswana 3.9 4.5Chad 2.9 3.1Ghana 3.6 4.0South Africa 5.5 7.4
Italy 20.3 23.1Japan 22.6 28.3 US Census Bureau 2012
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However, more than ever Older Persons in Africa are playing a crucial role in their
societies.
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Moreover, there is hope and opportunity for Africa to
prepare itself to the Longevity Revolution.
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What a privileged time we What a privileged time we live in…live in…
shaping a society for all agesshaping a society for all agesto face the Longevity to face the Longevity
RevolutionRevolution
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Who?Who?There are many contributors There are many contributors
to this reshaping – in to this reshaping – in particular:particular:
USUS ! !
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Us - Baby BoomersUs - Baby Boomers
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The emergence of a new transit ion.
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GerontolescenceGerontolescenceChanging roles…Changing roles…
yesterday’s Adolescents – yesterday’s Adolescents – today’s Gerontolescentstoday’s Gerontolescents
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The difference is that while adolescence lasts for 4 or 5 years, gerontolescence will
last for 2, 3 decades.
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And once again Butler was ahead of the pack!
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Re-inventing the Re-inventing the Life CourseLife Course
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Life Course today (man)Life Course today (man)
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Life Course future Life Course future (woman)(woman)
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Foundations to face the Foundations to face the Longevity RevolutionLongevity Revolution
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Frames are mental structures that shape the way we see
the world:
The WHO Active Ageing Framework
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Active AgeingA Policy
Framework
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WHO definition of Active AgeingWHO definition of Active Ageing
The process of optimising the opportunities for health, l i fe-long
learning, participationand security in order to enhance
quality of life as individuals age
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The determinants of Active AgeingThe determinants of Active Ageing
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The Life Course The Life Course perspectiveperspective
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‘The Life Course approach offers an interdisciplinary
conceptual framework to guide research and policies
in relation to health, human development
and ageing’
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Kalache 2011
Functional capacity decline
Fonte: Kalache and Kickbusch, 1997Age
Fu
nct
ion
al C
apac
ity
Early Life
Growth and development
Adult LifeMaintaining highest possible level of function
Older age
Maintaining independence and preventing disability
Rehabilitation and ensuring the quality of life
Disability Threshold
Range of function in individuals
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Early Life
Growth and development
Adult Life
Maintaining highest possible level of function
Older age Maintaining independence and preventing disability
Disability threshold
Fun
ctio
nal
Ca
paci
ty
Age
Rehabilitation and ensuring the quality of life
Functional capacity declineand the impact of interventions
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Healthy, active older persons are resources to their famil ies, to their communit ies and to the Economy.
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The need for standard language:
• Positive ageing• Healthy ageing• Successful ageing• Vital ageing• Ageing well• Productive ageing• ........................... ACTIVE AGEING
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An Ageing World
Population 2000 2025 2050(in bil l ions)Total 6.0 7.8 8.9
Developed countries 1.2 1.2 1.2
Developing countries 4.7 6.6 7.8
60+ 0.6 1.2 2.0
Developed countries 0.2 0.3 0.3
Developing countries 0.4 0.9 1.7
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In Africa, by the year 2050, there will 212 million people
aged 60 and over.
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Heterogeneous:THE DIVERSITY OF OLD
AGE
GenderSES
NationalityAge group
CultureEthnicity
Sexual identityReligion...
etc... etc....
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More older people throughout the world
By 2050 the number of people 60+ l iving in urban areas of the developing world wil l be 6 t imes larger than now.
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The contrasts
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Enabling environments, physical and social,
are urgently needed – and this urgency also applies to
the developing world.
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THE AGE FRIENDLY APPROACH
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But ... do we need more Age Friendly societies?
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WHO main staircase in Geneva
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Enabling environments should not be a preserve of the
developed world.
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Operationalising the Operationalising the Active Ageing paradigmActive Ageing paradigm
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The WHO Age Friendly Cities Global Network
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What is an Age Friendly City?An urban environment accessible and inclusive that promotes ACTIVE AGEING in all its main pillars: Health, Life-long learning, Participation and Security
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The 8 dimensions for research and action
50
Age-FriendlyCities
CivicParticipation&Employment
Communication& Information
CommunitySupport &HealthServices
Transportation
Housing
Respect & Social Inclusion
Outdoor Spaces & Public Buildings
Social Participation
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A bottom up approach … Older persons as protagonists
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... but also top downThe need for responses
from the public sector
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However, age friendly policies are particularly needed at a
macro level:
From cities to States:Sao Paulo
South AustraliaAndalucía
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A Rights-based approach
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... implying:
• The Right to Health• The Right to Learn• The Right to Work• The Right to be Protected• The Right to be Insured• The Right to Participate• To have access to services ....as well as...
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The Right to StopThe Right to Rest
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In developing countries 80% of Older Persons do not have
basic income
On the whole they are highly productive... and deeply unprotected.
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PROTECTION
Older People as resources to their families, communities
and the Economy.The role of non-contributory pensions in,
for instance, South Africa and Brazil
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The burden of inappropriate, unequal policies:
In Brazil, the cost of social security for one million ex-civil servants is 5 times higher than the cost of non-contributory pensions benefitting over 9 million much poorer older persons.
In financial terms the cost is over USD 60 billion !
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Productive ageing:
...”the capacity of an individual or population to serve in a paid employment, in volunteer work or in the family and to keep a certain degree of independence and autonomy for as long as it is possible”...
Bob Butler
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Productivity should not though be measured only in financial
terms.The role of older persons, particularly older women in
providing CARE.
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The economic argument:
In Spain a study conducted in 2002 indicated that 88% of total care to sick individuals took place in the community – mostly by women, particularly older women.
Those aged 75-84 devoted 320 minutes/day providing care compared to 23 minutes among women aged 18-29 or 50 minutes for those aged 30-49.
Duran, M (2002)
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The need for quality data
RESEARCH
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Subsidising the North
Care of older persons in the developed world is, by and large, done by formal and informal carers from developing countries.
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Above all what is needed TO FIGHT...
Age discrimination and
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Kalache - ConsultoriasKalache - Consultorias
SOCIAL EXCLUSIONSOCIAL EXCLUSION
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Kalache - ConsultoriasKalache - Consultorias
SymbolicSymbolic
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Kalache - ConsultoriasKalache - Consultorias
InstitutionalInstitutional
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Kalache - ConsultoriasKalache - Consultorias
Socio-economicSocio-economic
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Kalache - ConsultoriasKalache - Consultorias
TerritorialTerritorial
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Kalache - ConsultoriasKalache - Consultorias
IdentityIdentity
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Kalache - ConsultoriasKalache - Consultorias
Capital SocialCapital Social
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Kalache - ConsultoriasKalache - Consultorias
Socio-politicalSocio-political
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Generavity – Leaving footprints
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‘Moving from a focus on oneself to a focus on a broader social radius… the ability to care for
and guide the next generations… mentoring,
coaching, guiding, nurturing them’
Erik Erikson
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The increasing presence of older
persons in an ever more
urbanised and global world …
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... reminds that we live in a global village.
Therefore we should …
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Kalache 2011
… … develop a culture develop a culture of ageing …of ageing …
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Planning for Diversity ...
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and promoting SOLIDARITY
Between• The rich and the poor• Men and women• All social classes• The developed and the developing
worldbut, above all.....
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Solidarity between the young and the old
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