I will not do anything to adapt to school next year as a freshman.

A. A. Strongly agree

B. B. Simply agree

C. C. Strongly disagree

D. D. Simply disagree

Write the statement and answer. Justify your answer

State Performance Indicator:State Performance Indicator:SPI 0807.5.2 - Analyze structural, behavioral, SPI 0807.5.2 - Analyze structural, behavioral,

and physiological adaptations to predict which and physiological adaptations to predict which populations are likely to survive in a particular populations are likely to survive in a particular environmentenvironment

SPI 0807.5.3 - Analyze data on levels of SPI 0807.5.3 - Analyze data on levels of variation within a population to make variation within a population to make predictions about survival under particular predictions about survival under particular environmental conditions.environmental conditions.

TOC:TOC:

24. Adaptation and Survival Notes24. Adaptation and Survival Notes

25. Adaptation Model Lab25. Adaptation Model Lab

An An adaptationadaptation is a is a characteristic that characteristic that

improves an individuaimproves an individuall ’’s ability to s ability to survivesurvive and and reproducereproduce in a in a

particular particular environment.environment.

Three types of Three types of adaptations that help adaptations that help organisms survive are organisms survive are structuralstructural, , behavioralbehavioral, ,

and and physiologicalphysiological. .

Some examples ofSome examples of these these adaptations are:adaptations are:

1. Obtainin1. Obtainingg FoodFoodAlmost all organisms Almost all organisms

have have adaptationsadaptations to help to help them obtain them obtain foodfood..

Examples:Examples:Chameleon – long Chameleon – long tonguetongue

Woodpecker – Woodpecker – pointedpointed beakbeak

HumanHuman – hands and – hands and fingersfingers

Many organisms Many organisms have adaptations have adaptations that serve as a that serve as a defensedefense against against

predators.predators.

One common adaptation One common adaptation that helps predators that helps predators and prey is called and prey is called

camouflage. An organism that is An organism that is

camouflaged is camouflaged is disguiseddisguised so that it is so that it is hard to see even when hard to see even when the organism is in viewthe organism is in view..

With your elbow partner think of two animals that use camouflage to protect themselves from predators. Analyze how their camouflage protects them?

Two species can acquire Two species can acquire adaptations because of adaptations because of their their interactioninteraction with with

one another.one another.Interactions take place Interactions take place between organisms that between organisms that

live live closeclose together together. .

A period of inactivity and decreased body temperature that some animals experience in the winter is hibernaton.hibernaton.

Many desert squirrels and mice experience a similar internal slowdown in the hottest part of the summer which is called estivation.estivation.

To migrate is to traveltravel from one place to another. Animals migrate to find food,food, water,water, or safesafe nesting grounds.

The process by which individuals The process by which individuals that are that are betterbetter adapted to their adapted to their

environment environment survivesurvive and and reproducereproduce more successfully more successfully

than than lessless well adapted well adapted individuals do.individuals do.

There are There are fourfour parts that make up parts that make up natural selection. They include:natural selection. They include:

more offspring more offspring are are bornborn than than

will live to will live to become become adultsadults..

Individuals in a Individuals in a population population differdiffer from from one another. Some one another. Some

characteristics characteristics improveimprove chances while chances while others others lowerlower chances chances

for survival.for survival.

Many individuals Many individuals diedie from from lack of resources. Others lack of resources. Others are are killedkilled by predators or by predators or

cannot find cannot find matesmates to to reproduce. The ones who reproduce. The ones who find resources, find resources, survivesurvive!!

This is the key to This is the key to natural selection. The natural selection. The strongstrong survive, while survive, while the the weakweak die early or die early or

have fewhave few strongstrong offspring.offspring.

SPI 0807.5.2 AdaptationSPI 0807.5.3 Variation

4 Phases of Natural Selection

Phase 1

Phase 2

Phase 3

Phase 4

Pg. 87

Genetic Genetic VariationVariationIn natural selection, In natural selection,

individuals within the individuals within the population must be population must be

differentdifferent. Over time, the . Over time, the population will be made up population will be made up

of more individuals with of more individuals with characteristicscharacteristics that help that help

them survive.them survive.

If a population If a population decreasesdecreases rapidly, the rapidly, the characteristics of the characteristics of the

individuals are individuals are reduced. This is reduced. This is called a geneticcalled a genetic

bottleneckbottleneck..

What is happening in this diagram?

What type of organism would make it to this side?

Many characteristics may Many characteristics may be lostbe lost entirelyentirely because because

the individuals with the individuals with those characteristics those characteristics

dieddied. As the population . As the population recovers, organisms are recovers, organisms are

genetically genetically similarsimilar causing genetic diseases causing genetic diseases

to occur.to occur.

Since the beginning of life on Earth, species have had special characteristics called adaptations that have helped them survive changes in environmental conditions. Changes in a species’ environment include climate changes, habitat destruction, or the extinction of prey. These changes can cause a species to die out unless the species has a characteristic that helps it survive. For example, a species of bird may have an adaptation for eating sunflower seeds and ants. If the ant population dies out, the bird can still eat seeds and can therefore survive.

In this activity, you will explore several adaptations and design an organism with adaptations you choose. Then, you will describe how these adaptations help the organism survive.

1.SPI 0807.5.2 (Adaptations)Source: 2009 TDOE Practice Test Questions (Number 11)

The Arctic environment has temperatures that range between - 22 C and 6C with snow covering some of the area. Which adaptation would most likely help a population of organisms survive this environment?

A. Green feathers and webbed A. Green feathers and webbed feetfeet

B. Large shell and leathery skin.B. Large shell and leathery skin.C. Long necks and tall legs.C. Long necks and tall legs.D. Light colored fur and layers of D. Light colored fur and layers of blubber.blubber.