I ,SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT · i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ,susitna hydroelectric...
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I ,SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT INTERNAL REVIEW BOARD MEETING #1 GEOTECHNICAL AND SEISMIC ASPECTS JULY 23, 1980 NOTES ON MEETING 1
Transcript of I ,SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT · i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i ,susitna hydroelectric...
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,SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
INTERNAL REVIEW BOARD MEETING #1
GEOTECHNICAL AND SEISMIC ASPECTS
JULY 23, 1980
NOTES ON MEETING
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Agenda of First Internal Board Review r~eeting
Objectives of Mee~ing
Summary of Meeting
Attachment A - Existing Geotechnical & Seismic Data Viewgraphs
Attachment B - 1980 Geotechnical Program
Attachment C _, 1980 Seismic Studies Viewgraphs
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SUSlTNA H~DROELECTRIC PRO~JECT
AGENDA OF IST INTERNAL
BQARD REVIEW MEETING .... GEOTECHNICAL
AND SEISMIC t'\SPECTS
Time & Location: Wednesday, July 23, 1980, 8:30 a.m. (all day) Board Room, Niagara Falls Office Ontario, Canada
In Attendance:
Purpose:
Project Team
J. Lawrence C .. Debelius J. Gi 11 I. Hutchison V. Singh
Rev·; ew Board
D. MacDonald J. ~1acPherson L. Wol ofski D. Hepburn H. Eichenbaum
S. Thompson J. 'tt. ·--~~J~i !)..,._
To review work plan f.or 1980 Task 4 (Seismic Studies) and Task 5 (Geotechnical Investigations) and preparation for Exter.nal Review Board Meeting (tentatively scheduled for late August).
Moderator: John D. Lawrence
Agenda:
NOTE:
Time
8:30 AM 9:00 AM
10:00 AM 10:15 AM 11:15 AM 12:00 1:00PM 2:00 PM 2:30 PM 3:15 PM 3:30 PM
Topic
Introduction Existing geologic, geotechnical & seismic data Break 1980 Geotechnical Field Program Discussion Lunch 1980 Seismic Studies Discussion Wrap-up &'Summary of 'Board Views Break
Speake'=.. ,.
J. D. Lawrence/~- rl \~-., •. .c-lJ.._, , I d
S. Thompson & V. Singh
J. Gi 11
V. Singh
Scope and schedule of External Review P.anel Meeting
Speakers are requested to hand out detailed agendas of th~ir presentations during the meeting.
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SUSITNA HYDROElECTRIC PROJECT
INTERNAL REVIEW BOARD MEETING #1, JULY 23, 1980
PRIMARY OBJECTIVES
1. Familiarization
2. Review of:
- proposed dam locations and types (prelimipary concepts only)
- geotechnical exploration program scope and schedule
- proposed seismic and reservoir induced seismicity programs
-potential tunneling problems (preliminary.concepts only)
3. Recommendations for scope of first external review panel meeting (late August)
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SUSITNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT INTERNAL REVIEW BOARD MEETING #1, July 23, 19.80 ACRES CONSULTING SERVICES OFFICE, CANADA SUM~1ARY
In Attendance:
Introduction
Project Team
J. Lawrence C. Debelius J. Gill R. Henschel I. Hutchison V. Singh. S. Thompson J. Hayden
Review Boal"d
August 4, 1980 P5700.13.1G
D. MacDonald J. MacPherson L. Wolofsky
John Lawrence began the meeting with introductions of all participants,
followed by a brief summary of the agenda and speakers. A series of slides
and talk was used to give general background on the Susitna Study Project,
the various subcontractors forming the study team, and their role in over
all project. This portion was concluded with slides taken along the Su
sitna River Valley, starting in glacial headwaters and progressing into the
lower river basin. John Hayden gave a brief summary of the current status
on all the various subtasks, with the exception of Tasks 4 and 5 which
were discussed later in detail.
Existing Geologic, Geotechnical and Sei~mic Data
Virendra Singh summarized the geotechnical data currently available for
the four sites of interest; i.e., Denali, Vee, Devt"l Canyon and Watana. ,.
This data includes a summary of investigation COI!lpleted by others at each
site, significant features identified and conclusions about each site.
(see attached copieu of view graphs.) Some additiona1 data had only
recently been received and revie\'J and compilation (subtask 5.01) had
been consequently delayed.
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SUS ITt~,~ INTERNAL REVIEW PANEL MEETING - cant' d page 2
Stewart Thompson gave a brief review of the regional and site speci.fic
geology for both proposed damsites·. The geologi'c history is very complex
and not well understoods Information at both sites is somewhat limited ' due to poor rock exposures. Field mapping program of damsites and reser-
-voirs is currently planned but access is very difficult. A series of
slides were presented showing general conditions and geology. At Devi1
Canyon there is believed to be a relict channel and possible shear zone_
on the left abutment which needs further investigation as it may have
serious impact on site suitability or type of dam. Also, possible stress
relief features (open fractures) exist in the 1eft abutment which need to
be drilled and verified.. It was recommended that in order to prove the
abutment suitable for an arch dam it may be necessary to excavate adits
in due course. Slope stability in the reservoir also needs to be investi
gated. Permafrost conditions, thick overburden and steep slopes combined
with thawing and wave action produced by reservoir can potentially result
in localized beaching, slides and slope failures. There is a need to
identify potential problem areas and evaluate effects of such failures. It
was suggested that such slides will most probably occur and the effort in
the study should be directed towards a means of handling the problem.
The large waves created by earthquakes or landslides was discussed. Ade
quate freeboard wou 1 d have to be rna i nta i ned in the reservoir .to hand 1 e
such cases.
1980 Geotechnical Field Program
Jim C.~ll reviewed the geotechnical program as originally developed for the
Plan of Study and the permitting requirements for the program. BLM is
lead agency, however, most activities are located on native lands. There
is presently a problem with the Chickaloon Village lawsuit over disputed
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SUSITNA INTERNAL REVIEW PANEL METTING .. cont1 d page 3
1 and c 1 aims which is interfering with fie 1 d programs. We are not a 11 owed
to work on disputed lands until the matter is settled. The major area
affected is borrow area Gat Devil Canyon (see map;. Based on a review of
existing data, budget and logistics, the original program as developed in
the Plan of Study was revised for 1980 11ith the inter•tion of providing an
increased amount of diamond drilling this year with sufficient work in
borrow areas to confirm materials and overlap next years program. The
revised program as shown in Figs. 1 thru 5, and detailed in Tables 1 thru 4 was discussed.
Following the recent site visit by S. Thompson, L. Wolofsky and P. Morris,
the program was reviewed and revised somewhat further. Based on. their
recommendations the total number of diamond drill holes to be completed
this year was revised to 3 at each site. (Watana BH-6, 2 & 8; Devil Canyon
BH 1, 2, & 4.) The philosophy behind this change was to reduce the expen
ditures during 1980 ~ile still maximizing the data obtained, and leaving
enough flexibility to allow for changes in layout which may result from
Task 6 studies and which would then be investigated in 1981. Present1y . .
BH-6 at Wa tan a is camp 1 ete and BH-2 is underway. The auger dri 11 i. ng pro-
gram is complete, but had some difficulties as the materials generally
contained boulders, particularly in borrow area E, and it was not possible
to get holes as deep as originally planned. This results in need for deep
test pits (probably in fall/winter) to obtain samples for lab testing.
Other areas which require some further discussion and development include:
- application of SLAR and low sun angle phatos for identification of perma-frost
- high moisture contents (>7%) from thawing frozt!n materials in borrow
areas will make handling and suitability of materials very questionable.
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SUSITNA INTERNAL REVIEW PANEL MEETING - cont'd page 4
-intrume:ntation consisting of thermal probe arid piezometers has to be
evaluated further and the type and means of installation resolved. -
- existing piezometers installed by the Corps of Engineers should be
reinstated and read if possible. Interpretation of readin~is current
ly difficult as rise~ .. pipes are filled with diesel fuel.
-possibility of using technical climbers at Devil Canyon for mapping.
Discussion: A general discussion of the morning's topics raised the following points:
- at Devi"1 Canyon there is a need to look at earth/rockfill dam alternatives
and possible borrow sources·fo·r construction materials.
all available geotechnical data pertaining to Devil Canyon is to be
reviewed in Buffalo ana commented on by the end of September.
- methods of sampling permafrost in rock and the significance to design
need to be reviewed. Past projects have used "chiller" set-up with good
results ..
There is a question of what temperature to use for solution to prevent
formation of ice during drilling.
- spillway designs and locations need to be detennined at both sites.
- it is desirable to minimize 1980 program and kee9 enough money and flexi-
bility to allow for layout changes in structures. 8nphasize features
this year which will have a major impact on site suitability.
- there is a need to advance. layout studies to late 1980 to allov1 suffi
cient time for design of 1981 investigation program.
-tunnel alternative, layouts are underway. Any investigation (for tunne1)
will be done in 1981, bvt will be a major change to the original Plan of
Study.
- there is a need to resolve which load growth forecast the dam designs
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SUSITNA INTERNAL REVIEW P.ANEL MEETING - cant' d page 5
are to be based on. It is possible to have range of sch~es for various forecasts.
- the earthquake factor to be used in design has to be established so pre
liminary work can start. A figure of 0.68 mentioned in previous Corps
reports is a peak acceleration for 1 cycle and not for periods of strong
ground motion which is likely to be l/2 to 2/3 of this. An acceleration
of 0. 5 g is considered adequate for preliminary design. The impact of
such a factor on dam design should be evaluated as ~oon as possible.
1~80 Sesmic Studies;
Virendra Singh summarized the seismological studies presently being per
fanned by Woodward-Clyde Consultants, which include installation of a micro
seismic monitoring network and identification and evaluation of potential
activity of faults within the project area. The primary objective of
these studies is to define the maximum probable earthquake distance from
sites and attenuation at the sites such that an appropriate earthquake
factor and gou nd motion can be se 1 ec ted for design . HCC is a 1 so sup posed
to evaluate potential for reservoir induced seismicity. It is expected
that a site meeting in late August wi 11 be held by wee with a preliminary
repm·t in October and a final report in November (see viewgraphs).
Discussion
There was some discussion about reservoir induced seismicity (RIS). wee
Pre 1 imina ry ev8. 1 uati on of his tori ca 1 data indicates about a 90% probab i1 ity
of reservoir i ndr :ced seismicity for Wa tan a and a 50% probabi 1 i ty for Devil
Canyon. General consensus was that (RIS) would occur, but that ma~nitude of resultant earthquake would be less than the maximum probable design
earthquake and should therefore not have any significant affect on design.
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SUSITNA INTERNAL REVIEW PANEL MEETING - cont'd page 6
wee studies are geared toward developing the maximum probable earthquake
in project ar·ea and attenuation curves to each site. A\-:res is to select
design earthquake. It is considered that three months of monitoring of
the micro-seismic network would be sufficient this season, and that it is
not nece~~;sary to monitor al1 \'linter. Reservoir induced St~ismicity is a
potential psychological problem to people rather than a design problem.
There is some concern over the Susitna fault as to whether or not it
really is a fault, and if so, whether it is active. The location is
within about 2-3 miles of Watana damsite.
There was considerable discussion over what earthquake factor to use in
preliminary design.. Previous reports give values up to 0~68g~ which is
greater than any known values used for existing dam designs. It was felt
that this value is the maximum peak acceleration for one cycle and not
the value for the period of strong ground motions of significant duration
which would be used for design. Normally the value for design would be
2/3 to 1/2 of the peak. It was suggested that value for preliminary de
sign should be 0 .. 5g and jt would be worthwhile to examine literature an
existing dams in high seismic areas to get a feel for what effect it will
have on the design of Watana or Devil Canyon. After reviewing the prob
lem in-house the m~xt step would be to consult outside expertise via the
proposed review panel. A recent !COLD report has case histories of large
dam failure? .in China due to earthquake. It includes very detailed analy
sis of failure mechanisms which. might prove useful.
There is a need to develop approximate.layouts of both developments by
early '81 so that investigation programs can be developed. It was gen
erally considered better to spend extra time in the office now (earlier
than originally scheduled) developing layouts based an· assumpt·ions rather
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SUSITNA INTERNAL REVIEW PANEL ~1EETING - cont' d page 7
than having to potentially waste time in the field on exploration of
non-feasible schemes.
Conclusions
Wrap-Up - Some of the key points which came out of the meeting were:
1) The schedule for layout studies must be re-examined and·accelerated,
such that preliminary layouts are available in early '81. This will
allc~ for flexibility in the design of the •a1 drilling program.
2) The type, layout and discharge channels for spillways must be
examined.
3) Earthquake factor to be used in preliminary design must be deter
mined.
Very little precedence exists for such high seismic regions. It
was suggested. that we assume 0. 5g unti 1 more data from t~CC becomes
available in the near future. Acres should review current desions . ..,
for dams in highly seismic areas with the possibility of requesting
outside opinions/expertise.
4) Devil Canyon will require adits to verify abutments for an arch dam
prior to design. In the original POS it had not been planned to use
adits until Phase II work. It will be possibie to use borehole data
and down-hole camera, geophysical logging and instrumentation both
to verify that the site appears suitable and that adits should subse
quently be used to conffrm this.
5) To apply for the FERC license there has to be sufficient data for a
specific dam layout at a specific site to prove feasibility. Some
flexibility may be allowed for relatively minor changes after licens
ing~ but a major change such as type of dam, 01 .. location may not be
acceptable to FERC. It presently appears that it is not possible to
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SUSITNA INTERNAL REVIEW PANEL MEETING - cont•d page a prove suitability of Devil Canyon site for arch dam by ll)id 1982 ·in view
of the need for adits not currently scheduled. Therefore it will prob
ably be necessary to subm1t a license application for both dams with a
type of dam ather than an arch at Devil Canyon, or submit separate
applications as data becomes available. It remains to be determined '
if there is any way to delay submission of Devil Canyon section of
license application to allow sufficient time to satisfactorily prove
the suitability of the Devil Canyon site for an arch dam or other dam
type. There is also a problem with licensing if investigations prove
that one of the sites is not suitable~ and a new site has to be inves
tigated. Data must be reviewed as it becomes available and discussions ...,
held with FERC people has been very cooperative in this respect thus
far.
6) The question of reservoir slope stability and how we are going to han
dle it needs to be addressed further. From preliminary site reconnais
sanc.e it.is obvious that beaching, thawing and slope instability will
occur with reservoir filling. There ·is a need to identify those
area which are likely to present problems, and to determine what effects
they wi 11 have on the reservoir and what measures~ if any, have. to be
taken. This problem will Le aggravated by the proposed 100-150
foot annual fluctuation in reservoir levels at Watana. Aesthetically
it could be a problem but should not have serious engineering impacts
on operation· of the reservoirs. It was .proposed that an in-house
review be made of reports for similar projects to determine what
alternatives have been used.
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SUSITNA INTERNAL REVIEW PANEL MEETING - cont'd age 9
Externa1 .. ~.,Revi ew Panel
At present the status of the External Review Panel, originally scheduled ~
for late August, is unclear. A five mpruber review panel was recommended
to APA by Acres. · These recorrmendati ons are curr·ently being reviewed by the
APA Board of Directors. The last word was that APA may appoint another
·firm to interface with the panel.. It is 1 ikely that this firm vmu1d then
have Acres make a presentation to the panel and then make its own recom
mendations to APA based on finds by the review panel. Scheduling of all
this is still undecided as the other firm has not been selected yet. It
was suggested that earliest possible meeting might be in late September.
In light of this situation it was suggested that we (Acres) should recom
mend to APA a separate meeting of a smaller panel of outside consultants
(possibly members scheduled for the APA review panel) in the near future
to review our programs~ since the external APA review panel may be too
late to accomplish anything useful. This matter was to be looked into
further by John Lawrence.
Closing
Another meeting of the Internal Review Panel and Project Team was tenta
tively scheduled for later this year to review the completed field data
and earthquake data from Woodward-Clyde.
If possible, site visits for review panel member will be arranged at
convenient times in the summer program, with possible on-site meetings.
Reported
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ATIACHMENT
A
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j
EXISTING GEOTECHNICAL & SEISMIC DATA
I. GENERAL Ae Geology and Seismic Reports B. Site Specific Data
II. SITE SPECIFIC DATA - GEOTECHNICAL A. Denali Site B. Vee Canyon C. Devi1 Canyon
- Investigations - Significant Features - Summary and Conclusions
D. Watana - Investigations - Significant Features - Summary and Conclusions
III. DISCUSSIONS
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SUStTNA HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT PLATE T3.1• PROPOSED DATA COLLECilON STATIONS
IN THE SUSlTNA BASlN-1900
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TASK 4 & 5
INTERNAL REVIEW MEETING JULY 23, 1980
1980 GEOTECHNICAL PROGRAM
1. Scope of Geotechnical Work Contained in the Acres Plan of Study.
. 2. Scope of 1gao Geotechnical Investigations Under Bureau of
Land Management Permit No. AK-017-00960
3. Spring 1980 Revised Program.
4. Current 1980 Geotechnical Program.
ACRES AMERi~N INCORPORATED . ~
Consulting Engineers 2207 Spenard Road Anchorage, Alaska 99503
Telephone 907 270.4888 Telex 91·6423 ACRES BUF
Other Offices: Columbia, MD: Pittsburgh, PA: RaiE~rgh. NC: Washington. DC: Buffalo. NY
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1980 SEISMIC STUDIES .
I. GENERAL
- WCC Project Team - Status of 1980 Activities - Monitoring of Program
II. SUSITNA VALLEY SEISMIC SETTING - Seismotectonic Setting - Available Historical & Instrumente~ R•~ords - Limitations of the Record Data ·
. III. PURPOSE OF THE PROGRAr~
- Definition of Seismic Event - Source of Seismic Event - Surface Rupture Potential
IV. STATUS OF PROGRAM - Office Studies - Field Studies - Nicroseismic Net•·:ork
V. DISCUSSIONS
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WCC PRINCIPAl-IN-CHARGE
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ProJECT REVI:EWERS
L. Cluff, D. Packer R.. Foi±es, T .. Turcotte
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U.. I! · SEISM:JLCGY srAFF: J. Agnew, J. CUllen, J. Hobgccd, D. Tho:npson
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14'· . WOOO~ARO-CLYDE CONSUL TAtJTS PxOJECT ORGAUIZATION - . . .
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!I A\) A\LAr~LE. l+\s.L*\c_ ~ 1 I lD~"TR.um·:z.AJTE.ID bAT A ' ~. ,__,_ .
~· - b ln\\1:_ \::::, '" .
Ll ; .• 1
L. ..
' .
-~"'" A-eci lh s.~ I~ a b Qtut-
. . [J . -
tl ll 11
~ \Lu.r_~ Joo 'rRs
'b~\:'~ ~a~ ~OT C\-~l'f ll-l~\GA.tt;=. · be=:-eou Pl..'~
L ..
;I ll L.- •
I: . . • <i
I : : :· . .: .. . .. . 'j ~: ' ...
;:I . l.,,..
r a·-.
..
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..
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. t
c- :-·- r-- .... ~-- -.. - r- ra r- ~ ~ ~- iii. ~ ..... ~ - '··
•
..... .. "' ... ... ...
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.
EVALUATION OF' .EA~T~4aVA~e · ~ou~eE~
• • cc::.- . .~ . ,...-=- --:::::=e .. ~ .. -. . .... __ ::s::: ==:«=- . .. .. ·- -·· ..... - .. -·-·. -- .. , -- •••
~ '
e HI5TOl2.lCAL . ~t;l~MICITY.
e t2E.c:;rlO~AL TECTO"' IC~·e . . .
' 0 'OEI'GM\C GiE.OLOGr'r -ACTIVE. t=AUL.Tif.JG\-. . .
.
e MICf20fEAt2T(...lQUA~E ce,TUDlE.S. .
t
. .
•
•
•
' ~ . ' . . !.~-.
. .
. .
tt LOCATIO~ti AND I=OCAl.. · t>CPT"--S or: MIGiGOEA~Tl~IG(UAte.es. ·
o -;;TYLE OF- ~AULTI t.J~. . .
o GTl2e~cs. OteiEtJTATIO"'. . ~ ·.
I I
e c::r'Ee>LOGriC AC5'50CfATIOIJS OF . M1Cf20E.A12.Tl4QUA "-E:~ ...
. o cGOOt2cE A~O WAVE 'Ptu">~ATIO~
G\4ARACTt=,ltlffQT I c S • ·
• '
..
•
I {_I : .. 1 Ll ! .•
Ll ,,. . I Ll L.l r·l
tl l_.
,. I
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:I : ~ .•. ~ .. I ,
I \.~·· .
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..
I
IMAO
: :..'5so SS .. · TBao, .. ------.....J_..__~G~~_j_~~_l __ _:l ____ __l.------ \4\0
GEOGRAPHIC LOCATIONS OF SE'/SMJC ·STATiONS.
. ....
....
•
N
--... ---.-!O!:i!i!
160.
. '· 180 • 200
t
'
VOLCANIC COOK .INL~T RIDGE Lower Cook
Inlet ...
KENAI PENINSULA
100
. \
Kodiak 200
llp. 500 Os ~ 260
s TRENCH
0 60 100 160 km e;a~;,;,;Jtt.n1if£P!r-";!;AA~ J
\
Notes: I
•
I) Op and 0$ are Inferred averago values from p and 1 wave volocltlea.
II} \,.ocatlon .and .dlpJ of -lubduntlng platos aro achomatlo.
Ill) Soo volumo II Sootlon 2. •
·-·- ... - -·-----.. . ... , ~
,,.«}··~ t5ll.~· ·- 152,00
DEPTH CONTOURS 150.00 1111),00 l'IG,OO Jqs. ---... ·-- ...... -:::-·~-------.,~~~
OF BENIOFF. ZONt: . .
e ... oo t-----="'1":11!'1------==-=·-=-=...-:-=···---1
..
·.
• .·:' R • •
•
@ nl\ti s tll:s · tO ·.iUJJ£ I'> So
•
,,
I . ,,.,."_;;;
.
rj ' ' ~ r I ,Lj
;I
~"L• rl
-· t-• 1rl •II
L
I, I '
II
\ .... f ~i . '• l .•. . ::_: I ~ ~ \. ~ .
. ~ t ~
Ll . . i ~ ~
I -.~. :• t" ~
: ~· . L_
: ?-.• . ! ~ l
L-
.. l •
~·~a.r- _, ... ·-·-; -~- r~;. .... .a r- ~-- - ri. - ·r- - - • ,.
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•
•
\<cvl£ w oF
R c.su LIS
..
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. .
I ( .• f
L
I Ll rl I II L
;I .. .,._.,..
I I I I .I
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I
B. • I f . . -
•
.. r
240·
j
I 220··~
1BO~
160-
•
•
• • .
•
•
•
•
•
•
..
WriTER \IOLUME
~-~~
•
•
•
• • ~·· -~-
-~56 e!' 140· . . • • -.r=. -c.
Q)
0 120·
•
100··· 32 !~
. . r.::"'46 t=: ao·:
I . a
. 40
• .. .
.s
....
~37
• ... •
: .. ·-62
·~ i~l . .
•
•
':. . . ;; ....
57 A
• •
• •
A e •
• • •
• •
~ .... •
•
~25 . . r§j1
• • i"
•
•
..
0 ~ ... :.- •::'.//?", ! .... . ~ __ ._, . .:.1- ......... .,. .. - . •_t"'!• _..... ~.:. • • •* •
l
100.000 10 I
10,000 I
100 1,000 500 .. 000
Reservoir Capacity in 106m3 (logarithmic scale)
EXPLANATION:
Deep and/or nry t~rge- reservoi1 Accepted cav of R IS, maximum magnitude 2: 5 ;
Ac=pted case ofl RIS. maximum- magnitude 3-5 Ac=pted ~se of RlS, maximum- m;gnitude S.3
Questionable cse- of fUS Not RtS
N01e: 'The foHO"Mfl9 ~in wet• "ot plone-0 bt:c:aun of insutfic:~ data~ Kinan.an:.. Sharavath•.
9 4t .. Nunk (USSR) ~1t1. i~ ift e~~tc:en of :ZBS m.
• •
