I. rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf :. rupahd tpiliaj ......I. rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf :....
Transcript of I. rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf :. rupahd tpiliaj ......I. rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf :....
I. rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf :. rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf :. rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf :. rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf :----
tuyhWtuyhWtuyhWtuyhW 1. n[h;kdp kw;Wk; ,j;jhyp xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l Mz;L m) 1870 M) 1872 ,) 1780 <) 1782
2. %yg; nghUl;fspd; Njitia mjpfg;gbahf cUthf;fpaJ
m) njhopw; Gul;rp M) jfty; njhopy; El;g Gul;rp ,) gpnuQ;R Gul;rp <) Ntshz;ik Gul;rp
3. 1870 Kjy; 1945 tiu INuhg;gpa ehLfs; gpd;gw;wpa ãfhjpgj;jpaf; nfhs;if
m) etPd ãfhjpgj;jpak; M) murpay; ãfhjpgj;jpak; ,) Gjpa ãfhjpgj;jpak; <) ,uhZt ãfhjpgj;jpak;
4. nghUl;fspd;; N;ghf;;Ftuj;;ij mjpfupf;fr; nra;jJ
m) ,uapy;Nt M) rhiy ,) thd; <) ePh;
5. Mq;fpy fpof;fpe;jpa tzpff; FO Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L
m) fp.gp. 1600 M) fp.gp. 1664 ,) fp.gp.1644 <) fp.gp.1700
6. gpnuQ;R fpof;fpe;jpa tzpff; FOit epWtpath;
m) 14-k; Yhap M) fhy;gh;l; ,) 16-k; Yhap <) bgpuh]h
7. rPdf; Fbauir cUthf;fpath;
m) lhf;lh; rd;ahl;nrd; M) #-nad;-yha; ,) khNrj;Jq; <) rpahd;Nf n\f;
8. nfa;rh; ,uz;lhk; tpy;ypak; flw; gilia epWj;jpapUe;j ,lk;
m) n`ypNfhyhe;J M) Myhe;J ,) [_yhe;J <) mah;yhe;J
9. M];jpupa gl;lj;J ,sturh;
m) gpuhd;rp]; ngh;bdhd;l; M) gpuhd;rp]; ba+f ,) gpuhd;rp] b nyrg;]; <) gpuhd;rp]; Ngahfd;
10. n[h;kdp> gpuhd;rpd; kPJ gilnaLf;f ,jd; topahfr; nrd;wJ
m) nejh;yhe;J M) yf;]k;gh;f; ,) iud;yhe;J <) ngy;[pak;
11. n[h;kdpahy; %o;fbf;fg;gl;l mnkupf;fhtpd; Gfo; ngw;w tzpff; fg;gy;
m) Yg;;lhg; M) uhay; ,) Yhrplhdpah <) ngh;ypd;
12. u\;ahtpy; rhh; tk;r Ml;rpia KbTf;F nfhz;L te;jth;
m) nydpd; M) fhuy; khh;f;]; ,) khh;Nlht; <) ];lhypd;
13. n[h;khdpa fg;gw; gil jfh;f;fg;gl;l fly; Nghh;
m) [l;yhe;J M) lhfh; ghq;f; ,) tlfly; <) ghy;bf; fly;
14. Kjy; cyfg; Nghiu KbTf;F nfhz;L te;jJ
m) yz;ld; mikjp khehL <) Nuhk; mikjp khehL ,) ngh;ypd; mikjp khehL <) ghuP]; mikjp khehL
15. rh;tNjr rq;fk; mjpfhug+h;tkhf Njhd;wpa ehs;
m) khh;r; 7> 1930 M) khh;r; 2> 1928 ,) [dtup 20> 1920 <) [dtup 20> 1924
16. nghUshjhu ngUk; ke;jk; Njhd;wpa ehL
m) ,q;fpyhe;J M) mnkupf;fh ,) gpuhd;]; <) n[h;kdp
17. 1929-y; mnkupf;f [dhjpgjpahf ,Ue;jth;
m) jpNahlh; &];nty;l; M) cl;Nuh tpy;rd; ,) n`h;gh;l; `_th; <) vg;.b. &];nty;l;
18. mnkupf;fh;fs; Nguhh;tj;Jld; <Lgl;l Jiw
m) tzpfk; M) #jhl;lk; ,) rpdpkh <) gq;F tzpfr; re;ij
19. mnkupf;f nghUshjhuk; ,ay;G epiyf;Fj; jpUk;gpaJ
m) 1930 M) 1940 ,) 1950 <) 1945
20. ghrpr fl;rpia Njhw;Wtpj;jth;
m) `pl;yh; M) KNrhypdp ,)];lhypd; <) nydpd;
21. KNrhypdpahy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ
m) [dehaf Ml;rp M) fk;a+dpr Ml;rp ,) epiyahd Ml;rp <) FbauRMl;rp
22.KNrhypdpAld; nghJf; nfhs;ifia Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lth;
m) rh;r;rpy; M) `pl;yh; ,) ];lhypd; <) nydpd;
23. rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpypUe;J KNrhypdp tpyfpa Mz;L
m) 1931 M) 1932 ,) 1935 <) 1937
24. $l;Lg; gil tsk; kpf;f ,lj;ij Mf;fpukpg;G nra;jJ
m) iud;yhe;J M) #ll;ld;yhe;J ,) fpuPd;yhe;J <) gpd;yhe;J
25. `pl;yh;> tpad;dhtpy; gzpahw;wpaJ
m) ngapz;lh; M) ijaw;fhuh; ,) Mrpupah; <) tq;fp Copah;
26. 1941-k; Mz;L `pl;yh; gilnaLj;j ehL
m) u\;ah M) gpuhd;R ,) gpu\;ah <) ghurPfk;
27. $l;L ehLfs; ehl;bd; tUifahy; typik ngw;wd.
m) M];jpupah M) mnkupf;fh ,) gpd;yhe;J <) Nghye;J
28. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;j cld;gbf;if
m) nth;Nry;]; cld;gbf;if M) Nuhk; cld;gbf;if
,) yz;ld; cld;gbf;if <) Mf;];yh rhNgy; cld;gbf;if
29. gpuhd;Rf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l epyf;fupr; Ruq;fk;
m) [hupah M) rhh; ,) nghfhNuh <) uhzpfQ;r;
30. Kjy; cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpd; ty;yurhf vOr;rp ngw;w ehL
m) rPdh M) [g;ghd; ,) ,e;jpah <) nfhupah
31. rz;ilAk;> ifg;gw;WjYk; vd;w nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;wpath;fs;
m) kpjthjpfs; M) jPtputhjpfs; ,) rh;thjpfhup <) Gul;rpahsh;fs;
32. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghhpd; NghJ gpupl;b\; gpujkuhf ,Ue;jth;
m) rh;. tpd;rd;l; rh;r;rpy; M) fpsnkz;L ml;yp ,) jhl;rh; <) yhapl;]; [hh;[;
33. If;fpa ehLfs; rig Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L: m) 1955 M) 1945 ,) 1965 <) 1975
34. I. eh.tpd; epue;ju mit
m) nghJ rig M) jiyikr; nrayfk; ,) ghJfhg;G mit <) jh;kfh;j;jh mit
35. gd;dhl;L epPjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyikafk; mike;Js;sJ
m) jpN`f; M) ngh;ypd; ,) Nuhk; <) Nlhf;fpNah
36. I. eh. tpd; nghd; tpoh Mz;L
m) 1985 M) 2005 ,) 1995 <) 1975
37. INuhg;gpa xd;wpa kd;wk;> rpy Neuq;fspy; miof;fg;gLtJ
m) tzpfh; xd;wpak; M) tptrhapfs; xd;wpak ,) Efh;Nthh; xd;wpak; <) ke;jpupfspd; $l;likg;G
38. INuhg;gpa $l;likg;gpd; nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffis ftdpj;J tUtJ
m) kj;jpa tq;fp M) uprh;t; tq;fp ,) ];Nll; tq;fp <) ];tp]; tq;fp
39. INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; xw;iw ehzak;
m) lhyh; M) nad; ,) a+Nuh <) gTz;L
40. INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; tYthd cwit Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gJ
m) mnkupf;fh M) u\;ah ,) I.eh. rig <) If;fpa muG ehLfs;
41. 1857 Mk; Mz;L ngUk; Gul;rpia Mq;fpy tuyhw;W mwpQh;fs; mioj;jJ
m) giltPuh; fyfk; M) ngUk; fyfk; ,) ,e;jpa Rje;jpug; Nghh; <) Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lk;
42. ,e;jpa tuyhw;W mwpQh;fs; 1857-k; Mz;L ngUk; Gul;rpia mioj;jJ
m) rpg;gha; fyfk; M) ngUk; Gul;rp ,) Kjy; ,e;jpa Rje;jpug;Nghh <) giltPuh; fyfk;
43. 1857-k; Mz;L ngUk; Gul;rpapd; NghJ ,e;jpahtpd; fth;dh; n[duyhf ,Ue;jth;
m) ypl;ld; gpuG M) upg;gd; gpuG ,) fhdpq; gpuG <) nty;]py;yp gpuG
44. nghJ ,uhZtg; gzpahsh; rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;l Mz;L
m) 1856 M) 1857 ,) 1858 <) 1859
45. Kjd; Kjypy; Gul;rp ntbj;jJ
m) kPul; M) g;nuapyp ,) ghuf;g+h; <) fhd;g+h;
46. mNahj;jp ethg;gpd; kidtp
m) Kk;jh[; M) ghj;jpkh Ngfk; ,) Ngfk; `[;uj;kfhy; <) urpah Ry;jhdh
47. rPh;jpUj;j ,af;fq;fspd; Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpfo;e;jth;
m) ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; M) jahde;j ru];tjp ,) Nfrt; re;jpunrd; <) NjNte;jpuehj; jh$h;
48. Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjpahy; epWtg;gl;lJ
m) gpuk;k rkh[k; M) Mupa rkh[k; ,) gpuhh;j;jd rkh[k; <) mypfhh; ,af;fk;
49. ,uhk fpU\;z klj;jpd; jiyikafk; mike;Js;s ,lk;
m) fhQ;rPGuk; M) NgYhh; ,) NkYhh; <) `k;gp
50. rh; iraJ mfkJfhd; njhlq;fpaJ
m) mypfhh; ,af;fk; M) gpuk;k Qhd rig ,) rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rq;fk; <) K];yPk; yPf;
51. Nfushitr; Nrh;e;j rpwe;j r%f rPh;jpUj;jthjp
m) = ehuhaz FU M) FU gpurhj; ,) FU ehdf; <) FU rhap
52. gpupl;b\hH xd;Wgl;l ehl;il cUthf;fpaJ
m) Vfhjpgj;jpak; M) murpay; ,) gilnaLg;G <) Ngr;R thh;j;ij
53. gbj;j ,e;jpah;fspd; nkhopahf mike;jJ
m) gpnuQ;R M) Mq;fpyk; ,) ,e;jp <) tq;fhsk;
54. rka kw;Wk; r%f rPh;jpUj;jthjpfshy; cUthdJ
m) Njrpak; M) Gul;rp ,) fyfk; <) fpsh;r;rp
55. fhq;fpurpy; gpsit Vw;gLj;jpa khehL
m) #uj; M) yh$h; ,) jpupGuh <) kjuh];
56. gk;ghapy; jd;dhl;rp fofj;ij Njhw;Wtpj;jth;
m) NeU M) jpUkjp. md;dp ngrd;l; ,) jpyfh; <) ghujpahh;
57. Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fhe;jp[p cgNahfpj;j Gjpa Af;jpKiw
m) rj;jpah fpufk; M) ntspg;gil nfhs;if ,) ePz;l gazk; <) td;Kiw
58. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L
m) [dtup 26> 1950 M) gpg;tup 26> 1950 ,) Mf];l; 26> 1950 <) khh;r; 26> 1950
59. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupy; ,e;jpah;fis <LgLj;jpath;
m) fhdpq; gpuG M) ly;`Trp ,) ypd; ypj;Nfh <) ypl;ld; gpuG
60. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; kw;Wk; filrp fth;dh; n[duy;
m) nksz;l; Ngl;ld; gpuG M) NeU ,) ,uh[Nfhghyhr;rhup <) fhkuh[h;
61. ,e;jpa rk];jhdq;fis ,izf;Fk; gzpia Nkw;nfhz;lth;
m) lhf;lh; gp.Mh;. mk;Ngj;fhh; M) ,uhN[e;jpu gpurhj; ,) ,uh[h[p <) rh;jhh; ty;ygha; gNly;
62. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; FbauRj; jiyth;
m) lhf;lh; ,uhN[e;jpu gpurhj; M) fhe;jp[p ,) lhf;lh; ,uhjhfpU\;zd <) rj;jpa%h;j;jp
63. NtYhupy; ,e;jpa tPh;fis Mq;fpNyaUf;F vjpuhfr; nray;glj; Jhz;bath;
m) i`jh; myp M) jpg;G Ry;jhdpd; kfd;fs; ,) rpth[papd; kfd;fs; <) \h[`hdpd; kfd;fs;
64. Ntjhuz;ak; cg;G rj;jpahfpufj;ij elj;jpath;
m) b.v];. ,uh[d; M) gf;jtj;ryk; ,) ,uh[Nfhghyhr;rhup <) t.c.rp.
65. gpupl;b\hupd; ifJ Mizf;F vjpuhf ghujpahh; jg;gpNahbaJ
m) nrd;id M) ngq;f@h; ,) i`juhghj; <) ghz;br;Nrup
66. itf;fk; mike;Js;s ,lk; m) jkpo;ehL M) Me;jpu gpuNjrk; ,) fh;ehlfk; <) Nfush
67. lhf;lh;. Kj;Jyl;Rkpapd; rPupa Kaw;rpahy; Gw;W Neha; kUj;Jt kid njhlq;fg;
gl;l ,lk; m) mz;zh efh; M) nrq;fy;gl;L ,) fhQ;rpGuk; <) milahh;
68. lhf;lh; Kj;Jyl;Rkpahy; njhlq;fg;gl;l mdhij ,y;yk;
m) md;G ,y;yk; M) ru];tjp ,y;yk; ,) mt;it ,y;yk; <) yl;Rkp ,y;yk;
Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;Gtpapay;
69. ,e;jpahtpw;F apy; tq;fsh tpupFlh mike;Js;sJ.
m) Nkw;F jpir M) njw;F jpir ,) njd;fpof;F jpir <) njd;Nkw;F jpir
70. ghf; ePh; re;jp it ,e;jpahtpypUe;J gpupf;fpwJ.
m) =yq;fh M) kpahd;khh; ,) khyj; jPTfs; <) yl;rj; jPTfs;
71. ,e;jpahtpd; eLNt nry;Yk; kpf Kf;fpa jPph;f;f NfhL eLNt nry;fpwJ.
m) mfkjhghj; M) myfhghj; ,) i`juhghj; <) mTuq;fhghj;
72. ,e;jpahtpd; kpf caukhd rpfuk;
m) vtnu];l; M) fhl;tpd; M];bd; ,) fQ;rd;[q;fh <) jtsfpup
73. fq;if Mw;wpd; gpwg;gplk;
m) aKNehj;jpup M) rpahr;rpd; ,) fq;Nfhj;up <) fhuf;Nfhuk;
74. ,ka kiyfs; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
m) gdp ciwtplk; M) ,khr;ry; ,) rpthspf; <),khj;up
75. ,e;jpahtpy; epyTtJ fhy epiy
m) kpjntl;g kz;ly M) ntg;g kz;ly gUtf;fhw;W ,) ntg;g kz;ly <) Fsph;
76. flw;fiu gFjpfspy; epyTtJ fhyepiy.
m fz;l M) rkkhd ,) <ug;gj <) ntg;g
77. njd;Nkw;F gUtfhw;W jpirf;F ,izahf mike;Js;s kiyfs;
m) ) Muty;yp M) rhj;g+uh ,) tpe;jpah <) ikf;fhyh
78. twz;l epyg; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; kz; MFk;.
m) ghiy kz; M) #iy kz; ,) fUg;G kz; <) tz;ly; kz;
79. gUtf; fhw;Wf; fhLfs; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
m) mad kz;ly gRikkhwhf; fhLfs; ,) ,iyAjph; fhLfs;
,) khq;FNuht; fhLfs; <) kiyf; fhLfs;
80. NkhNdhirl; kzypy; fhzg;gLk; jhJ m) vz;nza; M) ANudpak; ,)Njhupak; <) epyf;fup
81. ney; mjpfkhf tpisAk; kz;
m) fupry; kz; M) nrk;kz; ,) tz;ly; kz; <) ruis kz;
82. twl;rpapYk; tsUk; gaph; m) ney; M) NfhJik ,) rzy; <) jpid tif
83. gUj;jp xU m) czTg; gaph; M) gzg; gaph; ,) Njhl;lg; gaph; <) jpidg; gaph;
84. ,e;jpahtpd; khd;nr];lh; vd;wiof;fg;gLtJ
m) nly;yp M) nrd;id ,) Kk;ig <) nfhy;nfhj;jh
85. lhlh v/F epWtdk; mike;Js;s ,lk;
m) Jh;f;fhg+h; M) gh;d;g+h; ,) [hk;n\l;g+h; <) gpsha;
86. Nrhlh ehfGup gPlg+kp tsj;jpw;F Gfo; ngw;wJ.
m) ,aw;if jhtuk; M) fdpk tsk; ,) tz;ly; kz; <) gUj;jp
87. kpd;dpay; jiyefuk; vd miof;fg;gLtJ
m) fhd;g+h; M) Nfhak;Gj;Jhh; ,) ngq;f@h; <) kJiu
88. XilfspYk;> VupfspYk; ,aw;if rj;J mjpfupg;gJ
m) ePh; khriljy; M) kpifa+l;l tsKWjy; ,) fhw;W khriljy; <) xyp khriljy;
89. ,aw;if fhw;W khriltjw;F Kf;fpa fhuzk;
m) thfd Gif M) vupkiy ntbg;G ,) mdy; kpd;rf;jp epiyak; <) ePh; kpd;rf;jp epiyak;
90. xU ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fs; eilngWk; tzpfk;
m) gy;fpis tzpfk; M) gd;dhl;L tzpfk; ,) cs;ehl;L tzpfk; <) gz;l khw;W tzpfk;
91. ek; ehl;by; Fiwe;j nryT kw;Wk; midtuhYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Nghf;Ftuj;J
m) thd;ntsp M) rhiy top ,) ePh; top <) Foha; top
92. ,e;jpa ,uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; jiyikafk; cs;s ,lk;
m) Kk;ig M) nly;yp ,) ehf;g+h; <) jpUr;rp
93. kpd; fhe;j gpujpgypg;gij fz;lwpAk; fUtp
m) ,yf;F M) czup ,) nghUs; <) Gifg;glf; fUtp
Fbikapay;Fbikapay;Fbikapay;Fbikapay;
94. ,e;jpah mjpfg;gbahd ek;gpf;ifia nfhz;bUg;gJ
m) Nghh; M) mikjp ,) md;G <) gifik
95. ,d xJf;fy; nfhs;if Kbtpw;F te;j Mz;L
m) 1990 M) 1991 ,) 1890 <) 1989
96. rhh;f; mikg;gpd; Kjy; nghJr; nrayhsh;
m) [pd;dh M) M\hd; ,) Nfhgp Mdd; <) fhe;jp
97. jw;fhyj;jpy; kpfTk; gpurpj;jp ngw;w murhq;f Kiw
m) Fbahl;rp M) cah;Fbahl;rp ,) kf;fshl;rp <) rh;tjpfhuk;
98. Neub kf;fshl;rp goq;fhyj;jpy; eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jJ
m) fpupP]; M) ,j;jhyp ,) rhh;bdpah <) irg;u];
99. vjph;fl;rp jiytUf;F mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s me;j];J
m) fhgpdl; mikr;rh; M) ,iz mikr;rh; ,) khepy mikr;rh; <) mikr;ruit mikr;rh;
100. Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl Njitahd taJ
m) 20 M) 18 ,) 25 <) 35
101. kj;jpapy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l gpujpepjpfis nfhz;l mikg;G
m) rl;lkd;wk; M) cr;r ePjpkd;wk; ,) nghJf; fl;rpfs; mit <) ghuhSkd;wk;
102. Njh;jy; Mizak; mike;Js;s ,lk;
m) kjuh]; M) Kk;ig ,) Kuhjhghj; <) nly;yp
103. ekJ ehl;bd; gok; ngUk; rkak;
m) Ntj rkak; M) fpwpj;Jt rkak; ,) ,];yhk; <) n[huh];bupa rkak;
104. ,e;jpahtpy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l mYtyf nkhopfs;
m) 25 M) 23 ,) 22 <) 28
105. nkhop vd;gJ m) Nghf;Ftuj;J M) ePh; ghrdk; ,) ,izg;G fUtp <) czh;Tg;g+h;tkhdJ
106. Gj;j g+h;zpkh nfhz;lhLgth;fs;
m) ,e;jpah;fs; M) K];yPk;fs; ,) rkzh;fs; <) Gj;j kjj;jpdh;
107. xU nghUis KOikahf gad;gLj;JNthh;
m) cw;gj;jpahsh; M) Efh;Nthh; ,)filf;fhuh; <) tptrhap
108. jfty; mwpAk; rl;lk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ
m) mf;Nlhgh; 12> 2005 M) mf;Nlhgh; 21> 2005 ,) mf;Nlhgh; 12> 2006 <) mf;Nlhgh; 21> 2006
109. cyf Efh;Nthh; jpdkhf nfhz;lhlg;gLtJ
m) khh;r; 15 M) khh;r; 16 ,) khh;r; 14 <) khh;r; 11
nghUspapay;nghUspapay;nghUspapay;nghUspapay;
110. ehl;L tUkhdj;jpd; kw;nwhU ngah;
m) cz;ik tUkhdk; M) gz tUkhdk; ,) nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp <) ngausT tUkhdk;
111. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; topKiwfs;
m) 2 Kiwfs; M) 3 Kiwfs; ,) 4 Kiwfs; <) 5 Kiwfs;
112. ,e;jpahtpd; jyh tUkhdk;
m) 220 lhyh;fs; M) 950 lhyh;fs; ,) 2930 lhyh;fs; <) 600 lhyh;fs;
113. Kjd;ikj; Jiw vd;gJ
m) tzpfk; M) fl;likg;G Jiw ,) Ntshz;ikj; Jiw <) njhiyj; njhlh;G Jiw
114. jyh tUkhdk; Rl;bf; fhl;LtJ
m) kf;fspd; nry;t epiyia M) kf;fspd; Vo;ik epiyia
,) kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij <) kf;fspd; fy;tp epiyia
115. ,e;jpa ehl;L tUkhdj;jpy; Kjd;ikj; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;G
m) 15. 8 % M) 25.8 % ,) 58.4 % <) 12.8 %
116. ,e;jpa jpl;lf; FOtpd; jiyth;
m) FbauRj; jiyth; M) gpujkh; ,) epjpaikr;rh; <) FbauRj; Jizj; jiyth;
117. ,e;jpahtpy; jpl;lf; FO mikf;fg;gl;l Mz;L
m) 1962 M) 1950 ,) 1956 <) 1949
118. ,e;jpag; gpujkh; NeU ,e;jpag; nghUshjhuk; mika tpUk;gpdh;
m) fyg;G nghUshjhukhf M) rkjh;k nghUshjhukhf
,) Kjyhspj;Jt nghUshjhukhf <) gzg; nghUshjhukhf
119. gRikg; Gul;rp eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L
m) 1967 M) 1977 ,) 1987 <) 1957
120.g+kpjhd ,af;fj;jpid njhlq;fpath;
m) n[ag;gpufh\;ehuhaz; M) [tfh;yhy; NeU ,) Mr;rhupah tpNdhghNt <) lhf;lh; ,uhN[e;jpu gpurhj;
121. gjpNdhwhtJ Ie;jhz;Lj; jpllf; fhyk;
m) 1956-61 M) 1997-2002 ,)2002-2007 <) 2007-2012
II. nghUj;Jf :nghUj;Jf :nghUj;Jf :nghUj;Jf :----
1. fh;ehlfg; Nghh;fs; - Mg;gpupf;fh
2. ,dntwpf; nfhs;if - rPdh
3. gd;dhl;L FbNaw;wk; - ,e;jpahtpy; gpnuQ;R Mjpf;f KbT
4. fpskd;Nfh - mnkupf;fh
5. cl;Nuh tpy;rd; - gpuhd;R
nghUj;JfnghUj;JfnghUj;JfnghUj;Jf
6. ntu;Nry;]; cld;gbf;if - ,j;jhyp
7. nrt;Nu]; cld;gbf;if - M];jpupah
8. nghUshjhu ngU ke;jk; - 1939
9. $l;lhl;rp uprh;t; tq;fp - gq;Fr; re;ijfspy; fld; KjyPL
10. fUQ;rl;il - flDjtp
nghUj;JfnghUj;JfnghUj;JfnghUj;Jf
11. Nuhk; mzptFg;G - vdJ Nghuhl;lk;
12. nf];lNgh - 1922
13. nkapd; fhk;g; - `pl;yupd; ufrpa fhty; gil
14. mopj;Jg; gpd; thq;Fk; nfhs;if - n[h;kdp
15. Yhg;lhg; - u\;ah
nghUj;Jf :nghUj;Jf :nghUj;Jf :nghUj;Jf :---- 16. epa+ahh;f; - 1963
17. mZ Nrhjid jilr; rl;lk; - I.eh. jiyikafk;
18. a+Nuh - fhd;g+h;
19. kq;fs; ghz;Nl - 2002
20. ehdh rhfpg; - ghuf;g+h;
nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:----
21. ,uhzp ,yl;Rkp - kfh rhrdk;
22. ngUk; Gul;rp - kj;jpa ,e;jpah
23. tpf;Nlhupa kfhuhzpapd; Nguwpf;if - 1857
24. etPd ,e;jpahtpd; tpbnts;sp - Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjp
25. ,e;J rkaj;jpd; khh;bd; Yhjh; - ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha;
nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:----
26. epa+ ,e;jpah - ,uhkypq;f mbfs;
27. ts;syhh; - md;dp ngrd;l;
28. Rg;gpukzpa ghujp - ,e;jpahtpd; gp];khh;f;
29. Nfrup - ehl;L gw;W kpf;f vOj;jhsh;
30. rh;jhh; ty;ygha; gNly; - ghyfq;fhju jpyfh;
nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:----
31. nrsupnrsuh - fhd; mg;Jy; fhgh;fhd;
32. gQ;rhgpd; rpq;fk; - cj;jpug; gpuNjrk;
33. vy;iy fhe;jp - Rauh[;a fl;rp
34. Nkhjpyhy; NeU - <.Nt. uhkrhkp
35. itf;fk; tPuh; - yhyh y[gj;jpuha;
nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:----
36. Gdpj jyk; - khstk;
37. juha; - Nfjhh;ehj;
38. yhth gPlg+kp - rJg;G epyk;
39 ehh;nt];lh;]; - nksrpd;uhk;
40. mjpf kio ngWk; gFjp -tlfpof;F ,e;jpahtpd; jyf;fhw;W
nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:----
41. fupry; kz; - xU tif epyf;fup
42. gOg;G epyf;fup - gUj;jpg; gaph;
43. khq;FNuht; fhLfs; - cj;jpug; gpuNjrk;
44. NfhJik - Re;jutdk;
45. fUk;G - gQ;rhg;
nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:----
46. rzy; - jkpo;ehL
47. nkd;nghUs; njhopyfk; - Nkw;F tq;fhsk;
48. ,Uk;G v/F njhopyfk; - Kk;ig
49. rh;f;fiu njhopyfk; - Nrhl;lh ehfGup kz;lyk;
50. kj;jpa ,uapy;Nt - cj;jpug; gpuNjrk;
nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:nghUj;Jf:----
51. njw;F ,uapy;Nt - mnkupf;f If;fpa ehLfs;
52. tlf;F ,uapy;Nt - Kiwahd thd;top epyw;glk;
53. epy msit - nrd;id
54. tpkhdk; - Vuhskhd topfs;
55. bMh;Xv]; - nly;yp
tpilfs;tpilfs;tpilfs;tpilfs;
rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f.rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f.rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f.rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f.
1. 1870 31. rh;thjpfhupfs;
2. njhopw; Gul;rp 32. rh; tpd;];ld; rh;r;rpy;
3. Gjpa ãfhjpgj;jpak; 33. 1945
4. ,uapy;Nt ; 34. nghJr; rig
5. fp.gp. 1600 35. jpN`f;
6. fhy;gh;l; 36. 1995
7. lhf;lh; rd;ahl;nrd; 37. ke;jpupfspd; $l;likg;G
8. `ypNfhyhe;J 38. kj;jpa tq;fp
9. gpuhd;rp]; ngh;bdhd;l; 39. ANuh
10. ngy;[pak; 40. I.eh. rig
11. Yhrpl;lhdpah 41. gil tPuh; fyfk;
12. nydpd; 42. Kjy; ,e;jpa Rje;jpug; Nghh;
13. [_l;yhe;J 43. fhdpq; gpuG
14. ghupR mikjp khehL 44. 1856
15. [dtup 20> 1920 45. kPul;
16. mnkupf;fh 46. Ngfk; `[;uj; kfhy;
17. n`h;gh;l; `Pth; 47. ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha;
18. gq;F tzpfr; re;ij 48. Mh;a rkh[k;
19. 1940 49. NgYhh;
20. KNrhypdp 50. mypfhh; ,af;fk;
21. epiyahd Ml;rp 51. =ehuhaz FU
22. `pl;yh; 52. ãfhjpgj;jpak;
23. 1937 53.. Mq;fpyk;
24. iud;yhe;J 54. Njrpak;
25. ngapz;lh; 55. #uj;
26. u\;ahf;fh 56. jpyfh;
27. mnkupf;fh 57. rj;jpah fpufk;
28. nth;Nry;]; cld;gbf;if 58. [dtup 26> 1950
29. rhh; 59. ypd;ypj;Nfh
30. [g;ghd; 60. ,uh[Nfhghyhr;rhup
61. rh;jhh; ty;ygha; gNly; 96. M\hd;
62. lhf;lh; ,uhNp[e;jpu gpurhj; 97. kf;fshl;rp
63. jpg;G Ry;jhd; kfd;fs; 98. fpuP];
64. ,uh[Nfhghyhr;rhup 99. fhgpdl; mikr;rh;
65. ghz;br;Nrup 100. 25
66. Nfush 101. ghuhSkd;wk;
67. milahh; 102. GJnly;yp
68. mt;it ,y;yk; 103. Ntj rkak;
69. njd;fpof;F jpir 104. 22
70. =yq;fhit 105. ,izg;Gf; fUtp
71. myfhghj; fhl;tpd; M];bd; 106. Gj;j kjj;jpdh;
72. fhl;tpd; M];bd; 107. Efh;Nthh;
73. fq;Nfhj;up 108. mf;Nlhgh; 12> 2005
74. gdp ciwtplk; 109. khh;r; 15
75. ntg;g kz;ly gUtf; fhw;W 110. nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp fhyepiy 76. rkkhd fhyepiy 111. 3 Kiwfs;
77. Muty;yp 112. 950 lhyh;fs;
78. ghiy kz; 113. Ntshz;ikj; Jiw
79. ,isAjph; fhLfs; 114. kf;fspd; tho;ifj; juj;ij
80. ANudpak; 115. 15.8 %
81. tz;ly; kz; 116. gpujkh;
82. jpid tif. 117. 1950
83. gzg; gaph; 118. fyg;G nghUshjhukhf mika tpUg;gpdhh; 84. Kk;ig 119. 1967
85. [hk;n[l;g+h; 120. Mr;rhh;a tpNdhgh ghNt
86. fdpk tsk; 121. 2007 - 2012
87. ngq;f@h;
88. kpifa+l;l tsKWjy;
89. thfdg; Gif
90. cs;ehl;L tzpfk;
91. rhiy top
92. nly;yp
93. czup
94. mikjp 95. 1890;
nghUj;Jf nghUj;Jf nghUj;Jf nghUj;Jf ---- tpilfstpilfstpilfstpilfs;
1. ,e;jpahtpy; gpnuQ;R Mjpf;fKbT 28. ehl;L gw;W kpf;f vOj;jhsh;
2. Mg;upf;fh 29. ghyfq;fhju jpyfh;
3. rPdh 30. ,e;jpahtpd; gp];khh;f;
4. gpuhd;R 31. cj;jpug; gpuNjrk;
5. mnkupf;fh 32. yhyh y[gj;jpuha;
6. M];jpupah 33. fhd; mg;Jy;fhgh;fhd
7. ,j;jhyp 34. Rauh[;a fl;rp
8. gq;Fr; re;ijfspy; fld; KjyPL 35. <.Nt. uhkrhkp
9. flDjtp 36. Nfjhh;ehj;
10. 1939 37. rJg;G epyk;
11. 1922 38. khstk;
12. `pl;yupd; ,ufrpa fhty; gil 39. tlfpof;F ,e;jpahtpd;
13. vdJ Nghuhl;lk; jyf; fhw;W
14. u\;ah 40. nksrpd;uhk;
15. n[h;kdp 41. gUj;jpg; gaph;
16. I.eh. jiyikafk; 42. xU tif epyf;fup
17. 1963 43. Re;jutdk;
18. 2002 44. gQ;rhg;
19. ghuf;g+h; 45. cj;jpug; gpuNjrk;
20. fhd;g+h; 46. Nkw;F tq;fhsk;
21. kj;jpa ,e;jpah 47. jkpo;ehL
22. 1857 48. Nrhl;lh ehfGup kz;lyk;
23. kfh rhrdk; 49. cj;jpug; gpuNjrk;
24. ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; 50. Kk;ig
25. Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjp 51. nrd;id
26. md;dp ngrd;l; 52. nly;yp
27. ,uhkypq;f mbfs; 53. Vuhskhd topfs;
54. Kiwahd thd;top epow;glk;
55. mnkupf;f If;fpa ehLfs;
. . . . . .
III. ããããNjDk; gj;J tpdhf;fSf;F rpW tpil; jUfNjDk; gj;J tpdhf;fSf;F rpW tpil; jUfNjDk; gj;J tpdhf;fSf;F rpW tpil; jUfNjDk; gj;J tpdhf;fSf;F rpW tpil; jUf.
( ( ( ( ‘mmmm’ gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> ‘MMMM’ gpuptpypUe;J xd;W> gpuptpypUe;J xd;W> gpuptpypUe;J xd;W> gpuptpypUe;J xd;W> ‘,,,,’ gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> kw;Wk; gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> kw;Wk; gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> kw;Wk; gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> kw;Wk; ‘<<<<’ gpuptpypUe;J xd;W )gpuptpypUe;J xd;W )gpuptpypUe;J xd;W )gpuptpypUe;J xd;W ) gFjp gFjp gFjp gFjp ---- m.m.m.m.
1. ãfhjpgj;jpak; tiuaW.
ãfhjpgj;jpak; vd;gJ xU ehL. gpw ehLfspd; gFjpfis tYf;fl;lhakhf ntd;W mtw;iw jdJ
Ml;rpapd; fPo; nfhz;L tUjy;.
2. fhyzp Mjpf;fk; vd;why; vd;d?
fhyzp Mjpf;fk; vd;gJ FbNaw;wq;fis me;epa ehl;by; Vw;gLj;jp mjd; ,aw;if tsq;fisr;
Ruz;Ljy; MFk;.
3. xg;gilg;G Kiw gw;wp RUf;fkhf vOJf.
Ke;ija fhy FbNaw;w ehLfspy; gyTk;> gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpfSk; rHt Njr rq;fj;jplk;
xg;gilf;fg;gl;ld. ,r;rq;fk; rpy fl;Lg;ghLfSld; ,j;jifa ehLfis guhkupf;Fk;gb gy ehLfsplk;
Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ.
4. Kjy; cyfg; NghUf;fhd cldbf; fhuzk; ahJ?
gh];dpa jiyefh; nruh[pNth efupy;M];jpupa ehl;L gl;lj;J ,sturh;> mtuJ kidtpAk; nrh;gpa
jPtputhjp ,isQdhy; nfhy;yg;gl;lJ fhuzkhf mike;jJ.
5. ghrprj;jpd; ehd;F Jhz;fs; ahit?
1. xNu jiyik 2. rh;thjpfhupapd; fPo; xNu fl;rp Ml;rp
3. gaq;futhjk; 4. nghUshjhu MSik
6. rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; mq;fq;fs; ahit?
1. nghJ rig 2. kd;wk; 3. nrayfk;
4. rh;tNjr ePjpkd;wk; 5. rh;tNjr njhopyhsh; mikg;G.
7. kpa+dpr; cld;gbf;if rpW Fwpg;G jUf.
,q;fpyhe;J gpujkUf;Fk; `pl;yUf;Fk; ,ilNa kpa+dpr; vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; eilngw;w
cld;gbf;if MFk;. mjd;gb `pl;yh; #ll;ld;yhe;ij kl;Lk; Mf;fpukpg;Gr; nra;ayhk;. kw;w
,lq;fis ifg;gw;wf; $lhJ.
8. mopj;Jg; gpd; thq;Fk; nfhs;if gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G tiuf.
1. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupy; u\;ah gpd;gw;wpaf; nfhs;if MFk;.
2. n[h;kdp> u\;ahitj; jhf;fpa nghOJ ];lhypd;> kh];Nfhtpy; cs;s midj;ijAk; mopj;J gpd;
thq;Fk; nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;wpdhh;.
9. mnkupf;fh> [g;ghd; kPJ Nghh; njhLf;f fhuzk; ahJ ?
1941-Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; 7- Njjp Kj;J JiwKfj;jpy; cs;s mnkupf;f flw;gil jsj;ij [g;ghd;
jhf;fpaJ. vdNt> [g;ghd;kPJ Nghh; njhLj;jJ.
10. If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; rhjidfspy; VNjDk; ,uz;bidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. 1956-Mk; Mz;L Vw;gl;l #a]; fhy;tha; rpf;fiy jPh;j;J itj;jJ.
2. 1963 Mk; Mz;L mZ Nrhjid jilr; rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jJ.
11. I.eh.tpd; rpwg;G epWtdq;fs; rpytw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; 2. gd;dhl;L njhopyhsh; epWtdk; 3. cyf tq;fp
12. INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; epWtd ehLfs; ahit?
1. ngy;[pak;> 2. gpuhd;R> 3. ,j;jhyp> 4. nejh;yhe;J> 5.Nkw;F n[h;kdp
13. a+Nuhtpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp eP mwpe;jtw;iw vOJf.
1. rdtup 1> 2002- Mk; Mz;L Kjy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; xw;iw ehza
Kiw a+Nuh vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 2. ,jd; FwpaPL € MFk;.
14. tpf;Nlhupah kfhuhzp Nguwpf;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ ?
1. ,J ,e;jpa kf;fspd; kfh rhrdkhf fUjg;gLfpwJ.
2. ,jd;gb ,e;jpahtpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig ,dp ,q;fpyhe;J murp Neubahf Nkw;nfhs;thh; vd
mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
3. vdNt mtUf;Fg; gjpyhf mtuJ gpujpepjp> ,e;jpahtpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Nkw;nfhs;thh; vd
mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ.
15. 1857 Mk; Mz;L ele;j Gul;rpapd; cldbf; fhuzk; ahJ ?
,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpy; Mq;fpNyauhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Gjpa vd;gPy;L uf Jg;ghf;fpfspy; nfhOg;G
jltpa Njhl;lhf;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ> Gul;rpf;F cldbf; fhuzkhf mike;jJ.
16. gpuk;k Qhd rigapd; nfhs;iffs; ahit ?
1. kf;fspilNa rNfhjuj;Jt czh;it tsh;g;gJ.
2. gz;ila rkaq;fisg; gw;wpAk; kw;Wk; jj;Jtq;fs; Mfpatw;iw fw;wy;
3. ,aw;ifapd; epajpfis mwpe;J kf;fspilNa nja;tPf rf;jpfis tsh;g;gJ MFk;.
17. rpy Kf;fpa kpjthjpfspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf
RNue;jpuehj; ghdh;[p> jhjhgha; nesNuh[p> ngNuh\h Nkj;jh> NfhghyfpUz NfhfNy> vk;.[p. uhdNl.
18. 1935-k; Mz;L ,e;jpa muR rl;lk; GFj;jpa khw;wq;fs; ahit ?
1. khfhzq;fspy; jd;dhl;rp mwpKfk; 2. ,ul;il Ml;rp Kiw xop;g;G
3. $l;lhl;rp murhq;fk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 4. $l;lhl;rp uprh;t; tq;fp epWtg;gly;.
19. mikr;ruit JhJf;FO - Fwpg;G jUf.
1. 1946-y; mikr;ruit JhJf;FO ,e;jpahtpw;F te;jJ.
2. ,jpy; ngjpf; yhud;];> V.tp. mnyf;rhz;lh; kw;Wk; ];l;uh Nghh;L fpupg;]; MfpNahh; cWg;gpdh; Mth;.
3. ,f;FO ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; vOjg;gLk; tiu ,ilf;fhy muir gupe;Jiuj;jJ.
20. NtYhh; fyfk; Fwpg;G tiuf.
1. 1806 [_iy 9-k; ehs; NtYhh; Nfhl;ilapy; tPuh;fs; fpsh;r;rpapy; <Lgl;L Mq;fpNyah;fisj; jhf;fp
Nfhl;iliaf; ifg;gw;wpdhh;.
2. jpg;Gtpd; nfhb Vw;wg;gl;lJ. 3.mtuJ ,uz;lhtJ kfd; gNjf; `jh;> muruhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lhh;.
21. fhkuh[upd; eyj;jpl;lg; gzpfs; gw;wp Fwpg;G tiuf.
1. kjpa czT jpl;lj;jpid nfhz;L te;jhh;. 2. Gjpa gs;spfisj; jpwe;jhh;.
3. gy njhopw;rhiyfis mikj;jhh;.
22. ngupahh;> itf;fk; tPuh; vd Vd; miof;fg;gl;lhh;?
Nfushtpy; cs;s itf;fj;jpy; eilngw;w rj;jpahfpufg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gq;Nfw;W jho;j;jg;gl;l
kf;fspd; Mya EioTj; jilr; rl;lj;ij vjph;j;Jg; Nghuhbdhh;. ,Wjpapy; jpUtpjhq;$;h; muR Mya
EioT jilr; rl;lj;ij jsh;j;jp midtUk; Myaj;jpw;Fs; Eioayhk; vd mwptpj;jJ. ,jdhy;
itf;fk; tPuh; vd miof;fg;gl;lhh;.
gFjp gFjp gFjp gFjp ---- MMMM
1. cyf mikjp mtrpakhdJ- Vd; ?
cyf kf;fs; mikjpahf thoTk;> %d;whk; cyf Nghh; tuhky; jLf;fTk;> kdpj Neak; tsuTk;>
tUq;fhyj;jpy; tskhf thoTk; cyf mikjp mtrpak;.
2. ,d xJf;fy; nfhs;if gw;wp xU Fwpg;G tiuf.
i) ,d xJf;fy; vd;gJ Mg;upf;fhtpy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l ,dNtWghl;Lf; nfhs;fiahFk;.
ii) njd; Mg;upf;fhtpy; nts;isah;fs; Mg;upf;f Fb kf;fSf;F rk cupik toq;f kWj;jdh;.
3. [dehafk; gw;wp Mgpufhk; ypq;fdpd; fUj;ij vOJf
[dehafk; vd;gJ kf;fshy; kf;fSf;fhf kf;fNs Ml;rp .nra;tjhFk;.
4. Njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd; gzpfs; gw;wp RUf;fkhf Fwpg;Gj; jUf.
1. murpay; fl;rpfSf;F mq;fPfhuk; mspj;jy;. 2. Ntl;ghsh;fSf;F Njh;jy; rpd;dq;fis xJf;fy;
3. Njh;jy;fis elj;Jjy; 4. KbTfis mwptpj;jy;.
5. ,e;jpahtpYs;s rpy rkaq;fspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. fpwp];Jt kjk;. 2. ,];yhk; kjk; 3. Gj;j kjk; 4. rkz kjk; 5. ,e;J kjk;
6. Nfhg;uh Njhw;wk; gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G tiuf.
i) Efh;Nthupd; Fiwfis fise;J> mth;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L Njhd;wpaNj Nfhg;uh ( Efh;Nthh;
ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; )
ii) ,J Efh;Nthupd; kfh rhrdk; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
7. kdpj ,dj;jpd; mUq;fhl;rpafk; vd ,e;jpah miof;fg;gLtNjd; >
i) ,e;jpahtpd; kf;fs; rhjp> ,dk;> nkhop Nghd;wtw;why; gpupf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;.
ii) ,g;gpupTfs; ,e;jpa kdpj ,dj;ijg; gw;wp gbf;ff; $ba mUq;fhl;rpakhfTk;> Ma;tfkhfTk;
jpfo;tjhy; kdpj ,dq;fspd; ; mUq;fhl;rpafk; vd $Wfpwhh;fs;.
gFjp gFjp gFjp gFjp ---- ,,,,
1. ,e;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa ,aw;if mikg;Gg; gpupTfs; ahit ?
1. tlf;F kiyfs;> 2. tl ,e;jpa ngUk; rkntspfs; 3. jPgfw;g gPlg+kp 4. flw;fiu rkntspfs; 5. jPTfs;
2. ,e;jpahtpd; tlf;F kiyfspYs;s ,uz;L Kf;fpa Gdpj jyq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. mkh;ehj;. 2. Nfjhh;ehj;. 3. gj;upehj; 4. it\;ztp Njtp Nfhtpy;
3. ,e;jpag; ngUq; flypy; fhzg;gLk; jPTf; $l;lq;fs; ahit?
1. ,yr;rj; jPTfs; - mugpf; fly; 2. me;jkhd; epNfhghh; jPTfs; - tq;fhs tpupFlh
4. gUtf; fhw;W vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ ?
1. khd;#d; vd;w nrhy; mNugpar; nrhy;yhd nksrpk; vd;gjpypUe;J te;jJ. ,jd; nghUs; gUt
fhyk; vd;gjhFk;.
2. Nfhil fhyj;jpw;Fk;> Fsph; fhyj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa jq;fsJ jpirfis KOtJk; khw;wpf; nfhz;L
tPRk; fhw;WfSf;F gUtf; fhw;W vd;W ngah;.
5. kpf mjpf kio ngWk; gFjpfspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. fpof;F ,ka kiyapd; njw;F rupT 2. kj;jpa fq;ifr; rkntsp.
3. Nkw;F kiyj; njhlh; 4. kj;jpag; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; xup]h
6. gUtf; fhw;W ntbg;G vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ ?
1. njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;W> Nfushtpd; njd; gFjpia milAk; NghJ gyj;j ,b kpd;dYld; $ba
kioia mspg;gjd; %yk; njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;W fhyk; Muk;gpg;gij fhl;Lfpd;wJ.
2. ,jid gUt kio ntbg;G vd;gh;.
7. ,aw;if tsk; vd;why; vd;d?
i) md;whl tho;tpd; Njitfis epiwT nra;a ,aw;ifapypUe;J ngwg;gLk; midj;J nghUl;fisAk;
,aw;if tsq;fs; vd;fpNwhk;. ii) v.fh. epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W kw;Wk; gy.
8. ,e;jpahtpy; ikf;fh cw;gj;jpahFk; ,lq;fs; ahit?
1. Me;jpug; gpuNjrk;> 2. [hh;fz;l; 3. gPfhh; 4. uh[];jhd;.
9. Ntshz; njhopiy eph;zapfFk; fhuzpfs; ahit ?
1. epyj; Njhw;wk; 2. fhy epiy 3. kz;tif 4. ePh;
10. gUj;jp tpisAkplq;fisf; $Wf.
1. F[uhj;> 2. kfhuh\;buk; 3. Me;jpug; gpuNjrk; 4. fh;ehlfh 5. jkpo;ehL 11. Njhl;lg; gaph;fs; ahit ?
1. Njapiy> 2. fhg;gp> 3. ,ug;gh;
12.cw;gj;jp vd;why; vd;d ?
fr;rhg; nghUl;fis ,ae;jpuq;fs; %ykhf EfUk; nghUl;fshf khw;WtNj cw;gj;jp vdg;gLk;.
13. njhopy; miktplj;ij eph;zapf;Fk; fhuzpfs; ahit ?
1. %yg; nghUl;fs; 2. vup rf;jp 3. Nghf;Ftuj;J 4. kdpj rf;jp
5. ePh;tsk; 6. re;ij - murhq;f nfhs;iffs;
14. Ntshz; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs; ahit ?
1. gUj;jp Miyfs; 2. rzy; Miyfs; 3. rh;f;fiu Miyfs;
15. ePh; khriljy; vd;why; vd;d ?
ePh; khriljy; vd;gJ ey;y ePupy; Ntjpapay;> ,aw;gpay;> capupay; khw;wk; Vw;gLtJ MFk;.
16. capupdg; gd;ik vd;why; vd;d ?
capupdg; gd;ik vd;gJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l Rw;Wr; #oypy; thOk; gy;NtW capupdq;fs; xd;iw xd;W rhh;e;J
thOk; jd;ikiaf; Fwpg;gjhFk;.
17. kpd;dpay; fopT vd;why; vd;d ?
njhiyf;fhl;rp ngl;bfs;> ifNgrp> fzpdp> Fsph; rhjdg; ngl;b> mr;R ,ae;jpuk; Mfpatw;wpd; fopTfs;
kpd;dpay; fopTfs; MFk;.
18. tzpfk; vd;why; vd;d ? tzpfj;jpd; tiffs; ahit
i. Nritfis thq;Fk;> tpw;Fk; my;yJ gz;l khw;wk; nra;Ak; nray;Kiw tzpfk; MFk;.
ii. cs;ehl;L tzpfk; kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L tzpfk;.
19. jfty; Nghf;Ftuj;J tiyaikg;gpd; ed;ikfs; ahit ?
i) jfty; njhlh;gpd; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jjy; ii) kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;jpid cah;j;Jjy;.
20. njhiy Ez;Zzh;T vd;why; vd;d ?
Gtpapd; ve;j xU nghUisAk; Neubahf njhlh;G nfhs;shky; Gtpapd; tptuq;fis njhiytpypUe;J
Nrfupg;gJ njhiy Ez;Zzh;T MFk;.
21. Gtp jfty; njhFjpapd; ,uz;L gad;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
i . Ruq;fq;fs; Njhz;lTk; ii. fdpk tsq;fisf; fz;lwpaTk; Gtpj; jfty; njhFjpfs; gad;gLfpwJ.
gFjp gFjp gFjp gFjp ---- <<<<
1. ehl;L tUkhdk; tiuaW.
ehl;L tUkhdk; vd;gJ xU ehl;by; xuhz;L fhyj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
gzpfspd; nkhj;j kjpg;ghFk;.
2. jyh tUkhdk; vd;why; vd;d ?
ehl;L tUkhdj;ij me;ehl;bd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifahy; tFf;f fpilf;Fk; <T jyh tUkhdk; MFk;.
3. jiyaplhf; nfhs;if - rpW Fwpg;G tiuf.
jiyaplhf; nfhs;if vd;gJ muR nghUshjhu nray;ghLfspy; <Lglhky; ,Ug;gJ MFk;.
4. gjpNdhwhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; %d;W Nehf;fq;fis vOJf.
1. tWikia xopj;jy;. 2. Ntiy tha;g;Gfis tpupthf;Fjy; 3. Rw;Wr; #oy; ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;jy;.
5. fyg;G nghUshjhuk; vd;why; vd;d?
nghJj; Jiw epWtdq;fSk;> jdpahh; Jiw epWtdq;fSk; ,ize;J nray;gLtij fyg;
nghUshjhuk; vdg;gLk;.
6. jhuhs kakhjy; vd;why; vd;d ?
jhuhs kakhjy; vd;gJ jdpahh; Jiw njhopy; epWtdq;fSf;fhd tpjpKiwfisAk;>
fl;Lg;ghLfisAk; jpUk;gg; ngWtjhFk;.
7. jdpahh; kakhjy; vd;why; vd;d ?
nghJj; Jiw epWtdq;fis jdpahh; clikahf;FtNj jdpahh; kakhjyhFk;.
8. cyf kakhjy; vd;why; vd;d ?
xU ehl;bd; mq;fhbfis gd;dhl;L mq;fhbfSld; njhlh;GgLj;JtNj cyfkakhjy; MFk;.
:0:
IV. fPo;fz;l jiyg;Gfspy; ,uz;bid Njh;e;njLj;J mtw;wpd; midj;J. fPo;fz;l jiyg;Gfspy; ,uz;bid Njh;e;njLj;J mtw;wpd; midj;J. fPo;fz;l jiyg;Gfspy; ,uz;bid Njh;e;njLj;J mtw;wpd; midj;J. fPo;fz;l jiyg;Gfspy; ,uz;bid Njh;e;njLj;J mtw;wpd; midj;J tpdhf;fStpdhf;fStpdhf;fStpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpil jUf.f;Fk; tpil jUf.f;Fk; tpil jUf.f;Fk; tpil jUf.
1. ãfhjpgj;jpak; cUthFtjw;F fhuzq;fs;
m) gj;njhd;gjhk; Ehw;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; ehfupfkhdjhf fUjg;gl;lJ vJ ?
ãfhjpgj;jpak;
M) nts;isah;fspd; Rik vd INuhg;gpah;fshy; fUjg;gl;lJ ahJ ?
Mg;upf;f> Mrpa kf;fSf;F ehfuPfk; fw;Wj; jUtJ
,) INuhg;gpa ehLfs;> FbNaw;w ehLfis Vw;gLj;j Kide;jJ Vd; ?
ehLfspilNa Vw;gl;l Mjpf;fg; Nghl;b
<) ãfhjpgj;jpa nfhs;ifia Cf;Ftpj;jJ ahJ ?
Mg;upf;f> Mrpa fz;lq;fis milaf; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l Gjpa topj; jlq;fs;
2. ghf;rh; Gul;rp:
m) rPd - [g;ghdpag; Nghupd; tpisT ahJ?
rPdh> [g;ghdhy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lJ.
M) rPdh> [g;ghDf;F mspj;j jPT vJ ? /ghh;Nkhrh
,) ghf;rh; fyfj;jpw;fhd fhuzk; ahJ? rPd kf;fspd; Nfhgk;
<) ghf;rh;fs; vd;d nra;jdh;? FbNaw;w ehLfisj; jhf;fpdh;.
3. ghy;fd; gpur;rid
m) ghy;fd; ehLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
nrh;gpah> gy;Nfupah> my;Ngdpah> fPup]; kw;Wk; khz;b ePf;Nuh
M) Kjy; ghy;fd; Nghh; vt;thW KbTf;F te;jJ ?
yz;ld; cld;gbf;ifapd; %yk; Kbtpw;F te;jJ.
,) ãida ehLfs; gy;NfupahkPJ ãd; Nghh; njhLj;jd ?
Nghh; Kbtpy; fpilj;j gFjpfisg; gpupj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; nrh;gpahTf;Fk;> gy;Nfupahtpw;Fk; Vw;gl;l
gpur;ridapdhy;.
<) ,uz;lhk; ghy;fd; Nghupd; KbT vd;d?
Nghupy; gy;Nfupah Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;L> nrhgpah ngUk; gFjpfisj; jd;NdhL Nrh;j;Jf; nfhz;lJ.
4. rh;tNjr rq;fk;
m) rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpw;F Kd; Njhd;wpa rpy rh;tNjr mikg;Gfspd; ngah;fis vOJf.
rh;tNjr rKjhak;> cyf mikjp $l;likg;G>
M) rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; jiyikafk; vq;F mike;Js;sJ? n[dpth
,) cWg;G ehLfs;> jq;fs; gpur;ridfSf;F vt;thW jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lk;?
rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpid mZfp R%fkhd Kiwapy; jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lk;.
<) [g;ghd; vg;NghJ kQ;#upahitf; ifg;gw;wpaJ ? 1931
5. F.T. &];nty;l;
m) [dhjpgjp Njh;jy; vg;nghOJ eilngw;wJ ? 1932
M) gpuhq;fspd; b- &];nty;l; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh; ? F.D.R.
,) mtuJ Njh;jy; mwpf;if ahJ?
mnkupf;f kf;fSf;F Gjpa gaDupikf; nfhs;ifia mh;gzpf;f ehd; cWjpaspf;fpNwd;.
<) mth; cUthf;fpa nfhs;ifapd; ngah; vd;d ? Gjpa gaDupikf; nfhs;if
6. ghrprf; fl;rp
m. ghrprf; fl;rpia Njhw;Wtpj;jth; ahH? KNrhypdp
M. KNrhypdpapd; Kof;fk; gw;wp vOJf ? mjpfg; gil> mjpf kjpg;G
,. ghrprj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; vd;d ?
1. ehl;il cah;epiyf;Ff; nfhzh;jy; 2.Mw;wy; kpf;f ntspAwTf; nfhs;if
<. ghrprj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; vd;d? vy;yhk; ehl;bw;fhfNt> ehl;bw;F vjpuhf vJTkpy;iy.
7. mlhy;/g; `pl;yh;
m) mlhy;/g; `pl;yh; vq;F gpwe;jhh;? M];jpupah
M) mth; je;ijapd; njhopy; vd;d ? Rq;f mjpfhup
,) `pl;yh; vij Njhw;Wtpj;jhh; ? ehrprf; fl;rp
<) `pl;yh; vOjpa Gj;jfj;jpd; ngah; vd;d ? vdJ Nghuhl;lk;.
8.,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; fhuzq;fs;
m) [g;ghd; - ,j;jhyp n[h;kdp nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;if ahJ ?
Nuhk; - ngh;ypd; Nlhf;fpah mr;R cld;gbf;if.
M) Kjy; cyfg; NghUf;F gpd; Vw;gl;l rpy murpay; nfhs;iffisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
[dehafk;> nghJTlikf; nfhs;if> ghrprk;> ehrprk;.
,) ty;yuR ehLfspd; jiyth;fs; gpd;gw;wpa nfhs;if gw;wp vOJf. Nghypahd mikjpf; nfhs;if.
<) `pl;yh; vjid kPwpdhh; ? kpa+dpr; cld;gbf;ifia kPwpdhh;.
9. ghh;Ngupa fly; Nghh; eltbf;iffs;
m) ghh;Ngupa fly; Nghh; ve;j Mz;L njhlq;fpaJ . 1941
M) `pl;yh; tpUk;gpaJ ahJ ? fk;a+dprj;ij mopf;f tpUk;gpdhh;.
,) `pl;yupd; cj;juT vd;d? KNrhypdpapd ,j;jhypa gilfSf;F cjTkhW cj;jutpl;lhh;.
<) mr;R ehLfs;> ghy;fd; ehLfis vg;NghJ jq;fs; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;L te;jdh;.
1941 Vg;uy; khj ,Wjpf;Fs;.
10. I.eh.tpd; Kf;fpa rhjidfs;
m) I.eh. nra;J nfhz;l Kf;fpa cld;gbf;iffisf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. 1963-k; Mz;L mZ Nrhjidr; rl;lk; 2. 1996-k; Mz;L njhlh; mZ Nrhjid jilr; rl;lk;
M) Rw;Wr; #oy; kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;L khehL vq;F elj;jg;gl;lJ? upNah-b-n[dpuhtpy;
,) midj;J ehLfSk; vjid Vw;Wf nfhz;ld? mwpf;if 21-I Vw;Wf; nfhz;ld.
<) #a]; fhy;tha; gpur;ridia I.eh. vt;thW KbTf;F nfhz;L te;jJ.
I.eh. jdJ mikjpg; gilia vfpg;Jf;F mDg;gp gpur;ridf;F jPh;T fz;lJ.
12. 1857 Mk; Mz;L Gul;rpf;fhd murpay; fhuzq;fs;
m) Jizg; gilj; jpl;lj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; ahh;? nty;ny];yp gpuG
M) ly;nfsrp gpuG mwpKfg;gLj;jpa nfhs;if ahJ? ehL ,og;Gf; nfhs;if
,) ,uz;lhk; gfJhh;\h kPJ Mq;fpNyah; Nkw;nfhz;l eltbf;if ahJ?
gfJhh;\h rpiw gpbf;fg;gl;L uq;$Df;F ehL flj;jg;gl;lhh;.
<) ehdh rhfpg; jdJ ntWg;ig Mq;fpNyah; kPJ mjpfg;gLj;jpaJ Vd;?
ehdh rhfpg;gpw;F toq;fg;gl;L te;j Xa;t+jpak; epWj;jg;gl;ljhy;.
12.kj;jpa ,e;jpahtpy; Gul;rp
m) kj;jpa ,e;jpahtpy; Gul;rpia top elj;jpr; nrd;wth; ahH? [hd;rp ,uhzp ,yl;Rkpgha;
M) ,uhzp ,yl;Rkpgha; ifgw;wpa efuk; ahJ ? Fthypah;
,) ,uhzp ,yl;Rkpghapd; KbT vd;d? Nghupy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;.
<) jhe;jpah Njhg;gpw;F epfo;e;jJ vd;d? ifJ nra;ag;gl;L gpd;dh; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;.
13. gpuk;k rkh[k;
m) gpuk;k rkh[j;jpid epWtpath; ahH? ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha;
M) ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; gapd;w nkhopfs; ahit?
rk];fpUjk;> mugpf;> Mq;fpyk;> yj;jPd;
,) ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; vOjpa Gj;jfq;fs; ahit?
1. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; fl;lisfs; 2. mikjpf;Fk; kfpo;r;rpf;Fk; top
<) gpuk;k rkh[j;jpd; ek;gpf;if ahJ ? xNu flTs; vd;w ek;gpf;if.
14. Mupa rkh[k;
m) Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjpapd; ,aw; ngah; vd;d? %y;rq;fh;
M) Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjpapd; FU ahH? Rthkp tuh[;de;jh;
,) Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjpapd; nfhs;if vd;d? Ntjq;fis Nehf;fpr; nry;.
<) Mupa rkh[k; vjid Mjupj;jJ?
ngz; fy;tp> fyg;G kzk;> rkge;jp czT> ngz;fs; kw;Wk; jho;j;jg;gl;Nlhh; Kd;Ndw;wk;.
15. mypfhh; ,af;fk;:
m) K];yPk;fspd; Kjy; rka ,af;fj;jpd; ngah; vd;d? mypfhh; ,af;fk;.
M) rh; iraJ mfkJfhd; cWjpahf ek;gpaJ vd;d ?
jd;Dila vOj;jhw;wyhy; K];yPk; rKjhaj;jpy; rPh;jpUj;jj;ij nfhz;L tUtij ek;gpdhh;.
,) rh; iraJ mfkJ fhdpd; rhjid ahJ?
mypfhupy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Kfkjpad; Mq;fpNyh Xupaz;ly; fy;Yhup ,tuJ rhjidahFk;.
<) rh; iraJ mfkJ fhd; ntspapl;l nra;jpj; jhspd; ngah; vd;d?
jhrpy; - cj;- m/yf;
16. ,e;jpa NjrPa fhq;fpu];
m) ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; vg;nghOJ Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ ? 1885
M) ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; ahUila MNyhridapy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ ? A.O. `pa+k;
,) fhq;fpu]; Kjy; khehL vq;F eilngw;wJ ? ,jw;F jiyik jhq;fpath; ahH?
Kk;ig> W.C. ghdh;[p
<) fhq;fpu[pd; Kjy; khehl;by; fye;J nfhz;l jiyth;fs; rpyiuf; Fwpg;gpLf.
jhjhgha; nesNuh[p> RNue;jpuehj; ghdh;[p> NfhfNy> uhzNl
17. [hypad; thyhghf; gLnfhiy
m) ifJ nra;ag;gl;l Kf;fpakhd jiyth;fs; ahH ? rj;aghy; kw;Wk; rha;GjPd; fpr;Y
M) kf;fs; vq;F $bdh;. mkph;jru]py; cs;s [hypad; thyhghf;.
,) mkph;jru]pd; Mq;fpy ,uhZt jsgjp ahh;? n[duy; lah;
<) ,utPe;jpuehj; jh$h; nra;jJ vd;d ? jdJ iel;Tl; gl;lj;ij Jwe;jhh;.
18. irkd; FO
m) irkd; FO vd; epakpf;fg;gl;lJ ?
1919 Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gad;ghL Fwpj;J MuhaTk;> ,e;jpa eph;thfj;ij Nkk;gLj;j
MNyhrid $wTk; epakpf;fg;gl;lJ.
M) ,e;jpah;fs; ,f;FOtpid Vd; epuhfupj;jdh;?
,f;FOtpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jth;fs;> midtUk; Mq;fpNyah; - xU ,e;jpah; $l ,lk; ngwhjjhy;.
,) irkd; FO vg;gb tuNtw;fg;gl;lJ? fUg;Gf; nfhb Nghuhl;lj;Jld;.
<) irkd; FO vjph;g;G Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJ ,we;j ,e;jpa jiytupd; ngaiuf; Fwpg;gpLf.
yhyh y[gjpuha;
19. kTz;l; Ngl;ld; jpl;lk;
m) 1947 Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpa fth;dh; n[duyhfg; gjtpNaw;wth; ahh;? kTz;l; Ngl;ld; gpuG
M) Mq;fpNya filrp fth;dh; n[duy; ahh;? kTz;l; Ngl;ld; gpuG
,) kTz;l; Ngl;ld; jpl;lk; vd;why; vd;d?
,e;jpah> ,e;jpa a+dpad; vd;Wk;> ghfp];jhd; a+dpad; vd;Wk; ,U ehLfshfg; gpupf;fg;gLk;.
<) kTz;l; Ngl;ld; jpl;lj;jpw;F fhq;fpu]; kw;Wk; K];yPk; yPf;fpd; gpujpgypg;G vd;d ?
Vw;Wf; nfhz;ld.
V. VNjDk; ehd;fpid NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;LVNjDk; ehd;fpid NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;LVNjDk; ehd;fpid NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;LVNjDk; ehd;fpid NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;L
1. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfs;- fpof;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfs;
1. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfs; fpof;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfs;
1. Nkw;F flw;fiuf;F ,izahfr; nry;fpd;wd.
ngUk;ghYk; fpof;F flw;fiuf;F ,izahfr; nry;fpd;wd.
2. njhlh;r;rpahdJ. njhlh;r;rpaw;wJ.
2. fpof;F flw;fiu rkntsp - Nkw;F flw;fiu rkntsp
Nkw;F flw;fiu rkntsp fpof;F flw;fiu rkntsp
1. ,it F[uhj; Kjy; fd;dpahFkup tiu ePz;Ls;sJ.
,it Nkw;F tq;;fk; Kjy; fd;dpahFkup tiu ePz;Ls;sJ.
2. FWfyhdJ. mfykhdJ.
3. njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;W - tlfpof;;F gUtf; fhw;W
njd;Nkw;;F gUtf; fhw;W tlfpof;;F gUtf; fhw;W
1. ,it [_d; Kjy; nrg;lk;gh; tiu tiu tPRfpwJ.
,it nrg;lk;gh; Kjy; etk;gh; tiu tPRfpwJ.
2. Nkw;F flw;fiu mjpf kioiag; ngWfpwJ.
fpof;;F flw;fiu mjpf kioiag; ngWfpwJ.
4. thdpiy - fhyepiy
thdpiy fhyepiy
Xuplj;jpy; xU ehspy; epyTk; jl;g ntg;g epiyNa> thdpiy vdg;gLk;.
ePz;l fhy ruhrup thdpiyNa fhy epiy vdg;gLk;.
5. GJg;gpf;f $ba tsk; - GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsk;
GJg;gpf;f $ba tsk; GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsk;
1. ,it vspjhf cw;gj;jp nra;af;$ba tsq;fs; .
,it vspjhf cw;gj;jp nra;a Kbahj tsq;fs;
v.fh. #upa xsp> fhw;W v.fh. - ngl;Nuhypak;> epyf;fup
6. fhw;W kpd; rf;jp - mdy; kpd; rf;jp
fhw;W kpd; rf;jp ; mdy; kpd; rf;jp
1. fhw;W %yk; kpd;rhuk; jahupf;fg;-gLfpwJ. .
epyf;fup %yk; kpd;rhuk; jahupf;fg; gLfpwJ. .
F[uhj; kw;Wk; jkpo;ehl;by; mjpf mstpy; fhw;whiyfs; cs;sd.
xup]h> kw;Wk; Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpy; mjpf mstpy; mdy; kpd; epiyaq;fs; cs;sd.
7. jd;dpiwT Ntshz;ik - tzpf Ntshz;ik
jd;dpiwT Ntshz;ik tzpf Ntshz;ik
1. Ra Njitia epiwT nra;Ak; nghUl;L cw;gj;jp nra;jy; .
tzpf Nehf;fpy; cw;gj;jp nra;jy;
2. etPd njhopy; El;g Kiw gad;gLj;jg; gLtjpy;iy.
etPd njhopy; El;g Kiw gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
8. Ntshz; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs; - fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs; -
Ntshz; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs; fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs
1. Ntshz; nghUl;fis %yg; nghUl;fshf nfhz;L cw;gj;jp nra;ag;-gLfpwJ.
fdpk nghUl;fis %yg; nghUl;fshf nfhz;L cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.;
v.fh. rh;f;fiu Miy v.fh. - ,Uk;G v/F Miy
9. ePh; khriljy; - epyk; khriljy;
ePh; khriljy; epyk; khriljy;
1. ed;dPh; juj;jpy; Vw;gLk; Ntjpapay; khw;wk; ePh; khriljy; vd;W ngah;.
njhopyf fopTfs; kz;zpy; fyg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; epyk; khriljy; vd;W ngah;.
2. epyj;jb ePh; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 2. tptrhak; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
10. Vw;Wkjp - ,wf;Fkjp
ãw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp
1. ãw;Wkjp vd;gJ ehl;bd; cgup nghUl;fis tpw;gJ MFk;..
,it vspjhf cw;gj;jp nra;a Kbahj tsq;fs;
v.fh. NfhJik> rh;f;fiu v.fh. - ngl;Nuhypak;> cuq;fs;
11. cs;ehl;L tzpfk; - gd;dhl;L tzpfk;
cs;ehl;L tzpfk; gd;dhl;L tzpfk;
1. xU ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fs; eilngWfpwJ.
,uz;L(my;yJ) mjw;F Nkw;gl;l ehLfSf;fpilapy; eilngWfpwJ.
,k;Kiwapy; fhfpjg; gzk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
,k;Kiwapy; me;epa nryhtzp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
12. thd;ntspg; glq;fs; - nraw;if Nfhs; glq;fs; 1. tpkhdq;fs; cjtpahy; vLf;fg;gLk; Gifg;glq;fs;
nraw;iff; Nfhs; cjtpahy; vLf;fg;gLk; gpk;gq;fs;
,it ,U gupkhzg; glq;fs; ,it Kg;gupkhdg; glq;fs;
VI. gpupT m> M> ,> kw;Wk; < Mfpa gpupTfs; xt;nthd;wpypUe;Jk; xU tpdh tpil mspf;fTk;. ( tpil xU gpupT m> M> ,> kw;Wk; < Mfpa gpupTfs; xt;nthd;wpypUe;Jk; xU tpdh tpil mspf;fTk;. ( tpil xU gpupT m> M> ,> kw;Wk; < Mfpa gpupTfs; xt;nthd;wpypUe;Jk; xU tpdh tpil mspf;fTk;. ( tpil xU gpupT m> M> ,> kw;Wk; < Mfpa gpupTfs; xt;nthd;wpypUe;Jk; xU tpdh tpil mspf;fTk;. ( tpil xU
gj;jpapy; mikjy; Ntz;Lk; ). gj;jpapy; mikjy; Ntz;Lk; ). gj;jpapy; mikjy; Ntz;Lk; ). gj;jpapy; mikjy; Ntz;Lk; ).
gFjp gFjp gFjp gFjp ---- mmmm
1. ãfhjpgj;jpak; Vw;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit?
1. njhopw;Gul;rpapd; fhuzkhf nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jp mjpfupj;jJ. nghUl;fis tpw;f re;ij
Njitg;gl;ljhy; Mg;upf;f Mfpa ehLfspy; FbNaw;wj;jpid ãw;gLj;jpd.
2. Njrpa kakhf;fg;gl;l ehLfs;> jq;fs; ngUikia epiyehl;l tsh;r;rp Fd;wpa ehLfspd;kPJ Mjpf;fk;
nra;a tpUk;gpd.
3. rkepiy Mjpf;fj;ij epiyehl;l INuhg;gpa ehLfs; FbNaw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpd.
4. Gjpa topj;jlq;fs; fz;Lgpbg;G Vfhjpgj;jpa nfhs;ifia Cf;Ftpj;jd.
5. kf;fs; njhif ngUf;fk; kw;Wk; Ntiyapd;ik INuhg;gpah;fs; FbNaw;w ehLfisj; Njbr; nry;yj;
Jhz;baJ.
2. ãfhjpgj;jpaj;jpd; tpisTfs; ahit?
1. typik kpf;f ehLfs; FbNaw;w ehLfspy; Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhiy njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpd.
2. Gjpa tptrha Kiwfisf; ifahz;L czTg; nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jpia mjpfupj;jd.
3. FbNaw;w ehl;L kf;fs; mbikfshf elj;jg;gl;ldh;.
4. FbNaw;w ehLfs; nghUl;fis tpw;Fk; re;ijahf khw;wg;gl;ld.
5. FbNaw;w ehLfspy; ,dNtWghl;L nfhs;if gpd;gw;wg;gl;ld.
3. rHtNjr rq;fj;jpd; rhjidfis tpsf;Ff.
1. gpd;yhe;J-];tPld; ,ilNa Mye;J jPT cupikg; gpur;ridia jPh;j;J itj;jJ.
2. fpuP];> gy;Nfupah ,ilNa Vw;gl;l vy;iy gpur;ridia jPh;j;J itj;jJ.
3. cyf ehLfspy; gutpa gy;NtW Neha;fis jPh;f;fg; ghLgl;lJ.
4. mfjpfs; kw;Wk; njhO Nehahspfs; kWtho;tpw;fhf NgUjtp Gupe;jJ.
5. cyf ehLfspd; fy;tpj; juj;ij cah;j;jpaJ.
4. `pl;yupd; jPtpu Mf;fpukpg;Gf; nfhs;if gw;wp tpsf;Ff.
1 `pl;yh; fl;lha ,uhZtr; Nritia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;.
2. MAjq;fis ngUkstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;J Ftpj;jhh;.
3. kf;fs; njhif FbNaw;wj;jpw;fhf gpw ehLfisf; ifgw;w Kide;jhh;.
4. iud;yhe;ijf; ifg;gw;wp nyhfh;Ndh xg;ge;jj;ij kPwpdhh;.
5. 1938 Mk; Mz;L M];jpupahit n[h;kdpAld; ,izj;jhh;.
5. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; Vw;glf; fhuzq;fs; VnjDk; Ie;jpidf; Fwpg;gpLf.
1. nth;nrapy;]; cld;gbf;if gop thq;Fk; Nehf;fj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ.
2.n[h;kdp>n[h;kdpahh;fSf;Fk;>,j;jhyp ,j;jhypah;fSf;Fk ;vd;w nfhs;if Njrpa vOr;rpia
Vw;gLj;jpd.
3. rHt Njr rq;fj;jpd; Njhy;tp> ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;F fhuzkhdJ.
4. `pl;yupd; Mf;fpukpg;Gf; nfhs;if ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;F fhuzkhapw;W.
5. 1939-Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh; 1-k; Njjp `pl;yh; Nghye;J kPJ kpd;dy; Ntf jhf;Fjy; elj;jpdhh;.
6. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghhpd; tpisTfs; ahit?
1. ãuhskhd capupog;igAk;> nghUshjhu mopitAk; ãw;gLj;jpd.
2. rh;thjpfhu Ml;rp KbTf;F te;jJ.
3. gpupl;lDk;> gpuhd;Rk; tYtpoe;jJ.
4. mnkupf;fhTk;> u\;ahTk; ty;yurhf khwpad.
5. u\;ahtpw;Fk;> mnkupf;fhtpw;Fk; ,ilNa gdpg; Nghh; njhlq;fpaJ.
7. 1857-Mk; Mz;L ngUk; Gul;rpf;fhd eph;thf kw;Wk; ,uhZtf; fhuzq;fis tptup
epHthf fhuzq;fs;
i. ghurPf nkhopf;Fg; gjpyhf Mq;fpy nkhopia GFj;jpaJ.
ii. mjpfkhd epy tup t#ypf;fg;gl;lJ. iii. ,e;jpah;fSf;F cah; gjtp kWf;fg;gl;lJ.
,uhZtf; fhuzq;fs; :
1. ,e;jpa rpg;gha;fSf;F Fiwe;j Cjpak; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.
2. ,e;jpa rpg;gha;fSf;F gjtp cah;T mspf;fg;gltpy;iy.
3. ,e;jpa rpg;gha;fs; fly; fle;J gzp Gupa Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ.
8. Njrpa ,af;fk; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd Ie;J fhuzq;fisf; $Wf.
1. Mq;fpy ãfhjpgj;jpak; ,e;jpahtpy; Njrpaj;ijAk;> kw;Wk; xw;WikiaAk; epiyehl;baJ.
2. INuhg;gpa ehLfSld; njhlh;G Vw;gl;ljhy; me;j ehLfisg; Nghy jhq;fs; tpLjiy ngw Ntz;Lk;
vdf; fUjp Nghuhl vz;zpdh;.
3. etPd jfty; njhlh;G kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis %iy KLf;FfSf;F vLj;Jr; nrd;wJ.
4. ,e;jpaj; jiyth;fs; ,e;jpahtpd; ngUikfis kf;fspilNa vLj;Jiuj;J ehl;Lg; gw;iw Jhz;bdh;.
5. mr;rfKk;> nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; kf;fspilNa tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jpd.
9. 1857-Mk; Mz;L Gul;rpf;fhd tpisTfs; ahit ?
1. ,e;jpahtpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpid ,q;fpyhe;J murp Neubahf Nkw;nfhz;lhh;.
2. midtUf;Fk; nghJ kd;dpg;G toq;fg;gl;lJ.
3. ,e;jpahtpd; goikahd gz;ghL> gof;f tof;fq;fs; kjpf;fg;gl;ld.
4. Njrg; gw;iw tpopj;njor; nra;jJ. 5. fhdpq; gpuG Kjy; murg; gpujpepjpahdhh;.
10. 1920-22 Mk; Mz;L xj;Jioahik ,af;fj;jpd; gbepiyfis tpsf;Ff? xj;Jioahik ,af;fk;
iftplg;gl;lJ. Vd; ?
1. Kjw;fl;lkhf Mq;fpy murplkpUe;J ngw;w gjtpfisAk;> gl;lq;fisAk; tpUJfisAk; Jwe;jdh;.
2. ,uz;lhtJ fl;lkhf Ntiy epWj;jk; cl;gl ngUk; Nghuhl;lq;fis elj;jpdh;.
3. %d;whtJ fl;lkhf tup nfhlh ,af;fk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ.
4. nrsup nrsuh vd;Dkplj;jpy; ele;j Nghuhl;lk;> tptrhapfs;kPJ ele;j Jg;ghf;fp #L> tptrhapfs;
fhty; epiyaj;jpw;F jPapl;L 22 fhtyh; caph; ,oe;jdh;. ,jdhy; fhe;jp[p xj;Jioahik
,af;fj;ij iftpl;lhh;.
11. %d;W tl;l Nki[ khehLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Ff.
1. Kjy; tl;l Nki[ khehL> ,e;jpa gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;T fhZk; nghUl;L yz;ldpy; $baJ.
2. fhq;fpu]; fye;J nfhs;stpy;iy.
3. ,uz;lhtJ tl;l Nki[ khehl;by; fhe;jp ,h;tpd; xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb fhe;jpabfs; fye;J nfhz;lhh;.
,jdhy; cg;Gr; rl;lq;fis jpUk;g ngWtJ> ifJ nra;j ,e;jpah;fis tpLjiy nra;tJ vd muR
xg;Gf; nfhz;lJ.
4. %d;whtJ tl;l Nki[ khehl;by; fhe;jp[p fye;J nfhs;stpy;iy. vdNt Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ.
12. nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk;.
1. fpupg;]; JhJf;FO Njhy;tp mile;jJ.
2. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupy; [g;ghd; gy ntw;wpfisg; ngw;W ,e;jpahit jhf;f Muk;gpj;jJ.
3. fhe;jp Mq;fpNyaNu ,jw;F fhuzk; vd vz;zpdhh;.
4. vdNt ehl;il tpl;L Mq;fpNyaiu tpul;l Ntz;Lk; vd vz;zpdhh;.
5. nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fj;ij njhlq;fp> nra; my;yJ nrj;J kb vd Koq;fpdhh;.
gFjp gFjp gFjp gFjp ---- MMMM
1. gQ;rrPyk; kw;Wk; mzpNruhf; nfhs;if gw;wp vOJf.
gQ;rrPyk; :
gpujkh; [tfh;yhy; NeU mikjpf;fhf gpd;gw;wpa Ie;J mk;r nfhs;ifiaNa gQ;rrPyk; vd
miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
1. xt;nthU ehLk.; gpw ehLfspd; ,iaahz;ikia kjpj;jy;.
2. ve;j xU ehLk; gpw ehl;ilj; jhf;ff; $lhJ.
3. ve;j xU ehLk; kw;w ehLfspd; cs;tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplf; $lhJ.
4. midj;J ehLfSk; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; gu];gu ey;YwT nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
5. xt;nthU ehLk; gpw ehLfSld; mikjpahd Kiwapy; ,zq;fpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.
mzpNruhf; nfhs;if :
,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpwF cyf ehLfs; ,uz;L gifik mzpfshf gpupe;jd.
mnkupf;fhtpd; jiyikapy; xU mzpAk; u\;ahtpd; jiyikapy; kw;nwhU mzpAk; cUthfpd.
,e;j ,uz;L mzpfspYk; Nruhky; ,e;jpah eLepiy ehlhf tpsq;fpaJ.
2. rhh;f;; mikg;G gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G vOJf.
1. rhh;f; mikg;G 1985 Mk; Mz;L Njhd;wpaJ.
2. ,J njw;fhrpa ehLfspd; gpuhe;jpaf; $l;likg;G vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ.
3. ,jd; Kjy; nghJr; nrayhsh; Mrhd; Mthh;.
4. ,e;jpah> ghfp];jhd;> Neghsk;> g+lhd;> gq;fshNj\;> ,yq;if> khyj; jPTfs;>
Mg;fhdp];jhd;> Mfpait cWg;G ehLfs;.
5. Nghf;Ftuj;J> Rw;Wy;yh> Rfhjhuk;> Ntshz;ik> jfty; njhlh;G Nghd;wtw;wpy; cjtp nra;J
nfhs;Sjy; vd;w mbg;gilapy; nray;gLfpd;wd.
3. Njh;jy; Kiwia Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;iwg; gw;wp tpsf;fk; jUf.
Njh;jy; Kiw : ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. 1. Neubj; Njh;jy; Kiw 2. kiwKfj; Njh;jy; Kiw
Neubj; Njh;jy; Kiw :- kf;fs;> jq;fs; gpujpepjpfis jhq;fNs Neubahf thf;fspj;J Njh;T nra;tJ.
v.fh. rl;lkd;wk;> ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;F elj;jg;gLk; Njh;jy;.
kiwKfj; Njh;jy;
1. kf;fs; jq;fs; gpujpepjpfis cWg;gpdh;fs; %ykhf Njh;e;J vLg;gJ kiwKfj; Njh;jy;
2. v.fh. FbauRj; jiyth;> Jiz FbauRj; jiyth; Njh;e;njLf;Fk; Kiw.
4. NjrPa xUikg;ghL gw;wp vOJf.
1. ,e;jpahtpd; Gtpapay; mikg;G> tho;f;if Kiw nkhop> czT> cil Nghd;wtw;why; kf;fs;
NtWgLfpd;wdh;.
2. ,e;jpag; ghuk;gupaj;jpy; mth;fs; xd;WgLfpd;wdh;.
3. kdpjhgpkhdk;> rka czh;T> rNfhjuj;Jtk;> el;G> rfpg;Gj; jd;ik Nghd;wit xw;Wik kw;Wk;
xUikg;ghl;Lld; tho top nra;fpd;wd.
4. ,e;jpah; vd;w vz;zk;> midtUk; rNfhju rNfhjupfs; vd;w vz;zk; ,e;jpa xUikg;ghl;il
tsh;f;fpd;wd.
5. Njrpaf; nfhb> Njrpag; ghly;> Njrp;a rpd;;dq;fs; Nghd;witAk; xUikg;ghl;il tsh;f;fpd;wd.
5. Efh;Nthiug; ghJfhf;fj; jkpof muR Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s eltbf;iffs;:
1. fy;tp epiyaq;fspy; Efh;Nthh; fofq;fs; mikj;jy;.
2. efuq;fspy; FbapUg;Nghh; eyr; rq;fq;fis cUthf;Fjy;.
3. fUj;juq;Ffs; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy;.
4. Efh;Nthh; ftrk; ,jopd; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy;.
5. thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp %yk; nghJ kf;fsplk; gpur;rhuk; nra;jy; KjypadthFk;.
gFjp gFjp gFjp gFjp ---- ,,,,
1.,e;jpah Xh; Jizf; fz;lk; - epahag;gLj;Jf. (m) fhuzk; $Wf.
xU fz;lj;jpw;Fupa gz;Gfshd 1. ,aw;if mikg;G gpupTfisAk; 2. fhyepiyiaAk;
3. ,aw;ifj; jhtuq;fisAk; 4. fdpk tsq;fisAk;.
5. fyhr;rhu $WfisAk; ngw;Ws;sjhy; ,e;jpahit xU Jizf; fz;lk; vd;fpNwhk;.
2. Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik gw;wp tptup.
1. ,e;jpahtpd; kpf caukhd rpfuk; K2-Tk;> kpfj; jho;e;j flw;fiu rkntspAk; cs;sJ.
2. kpf mjpf kio ngWk; gFjpahd nksrpd;uhKk;> Fiwe;j kio ngWk; jhh; ghiytdKk; ,q;Fs;sJ.
3. mlh;e;j fhLfs;> Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyapYk; twz;l Kl;Gjh; fhLfs; jhh; ghiytdj;jpYk; cs;sJ.
4. gy;NtW fyhr;rhuq;fs;> nkhop> rkaq;fs; Nghd;wit ,e;jpahtpy; cs;sd.
5. ,t;thW NtWgl;lhYk; ehk; midtUk; ,e;jpah; vd;w czh;tpy; xd;Wgl;L epw;gjhy; ,e;jpah
Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik cs;s ehlhf cs;sJ.
3. njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;wpd; VNjDk; xU fpisapid tptup.
njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;wpd; ,U fpisfs; 1. mugpf; fly; fpis 2. tq;fhs tpupFlh fpis
mugpf; fly; fpis: 1. ,f;fhw;W <ug;gjk; kpf;f fhw;W
2. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfshy; jLf;fg;gl;L Nkw;F flw;fiu mjpf kiog; nghopitj; jUfpwJ.
3. ,uz;lhtJ gFjp tpe;jpa rhj;g+uh kiyfissf; fle;J Nrhl;lh ehfGup
gFjpf;F kioiaj; jUfpwJ.
4. %d;whtJ gFjp fhw;Wf;F ,izahf mike;Js;s Muty;yp kiyiaf; fle;J kioiaj;
jUtjpy;iy.
5. gpd;G tq;fhs tpupFlh fpisapy; ,izfpd;wJ.
4. kio ePh; Nrfupg;gpid tpsf;Ff.
1. ,e;jpah> ntg;g kz;ly gUtf; fhw;W fhyepiy gFjpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
2. gUtf; fhw;wpy; kio rPww;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
3. vdNt kio ePiu Nrfupg;gJ mtrpakhFk;. 4. ,k;kio ePiu epyj;jpd; mbapy; Nrfupf;fyhk;.
5. kio ePiu Nrfupj;J Njitg;gLk; Neuq;fspy; gad;gLj;JtJ kio ePh; mWtilahFk;.
5. fhLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid tptup.
1. fhLfs; tPl;bw;Fk;> njhopw;rhiyfSf;Fk; Njitahd %yg; nghUl;fisj; jUfpwJ.
2. fhLfspd; %yk; me;epar; nryhtzp fpilf;fpwJ. 3. Rw;Wyh ikaq;fshf cs;sd.
4. kz;zupg;igj; jLf;fpwJ. 5. ehl;bd; vup rf;jp Njitia 40 % g+h;j;jp nra;fpwJ.
6.,e;jpar; rhiyfspd; tiffis tptup:
1. fpuhkr; rhiyfs; - fpuhk gQ;rhaj;jhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
2. khtl;lr; rhiyfs; - efuhl;rp (m) khefuhl;rp eph;tfpf;fpd;wJ
3. khepyr; rhiyfs; - khepy muR eph;tfpf;fp d;wJ
4. Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; - kj;jpa muR eph;tfpf;fpd;wJ
5. jq;f ehw;fu rhiy - khngUk; rhiy tsh;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 6. tpiuT neLQ;rhiyfs;>
7.vy;iyNahu rhiyfs; kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L rhiyfs; vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
7.njhiy Ez;Zzh;T El;gj;jpid tptup.
.1 Gtpapd; tptuq;fis njhiytpy; ,Ue;J Nrfupg;gJ MFk;. (Neubahf njhlh;G nfhs;shky;)
2. ,tw;wpd; %yk; ghiwf; Nfhsk;> ePh; Nfhsk;> tspf;Nfhsk; Nghd;wit mstplg;gLfpd;wJ.
3. ,jpy; czh;tpfs; vd;w fUtp gad;gLfpd;wJ.
4. ,f;fUtpfs; n`ypfhg;lh;> tpkhdq;fs;> nraw;if Nfhspy; nghUj;jg;gl;L jfty; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
5. #upa xspapd; kpd;fhe;j miyfis gjpT nra;tjd; %yk; ngwg;gLfpd;wd.
8. njhiy Ez;Zzh;T El;gj;jpd; njhFjpfis tptup.
1. Mw;wy; %yk; - #upad; xU Mw;wy; tsk;.
2. #upadplk; ,Ue;J tUk; Mw;wy; tsp kz;lyj;jhy; fpufpf;f my;yJ gpujpgypf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
3. Gtpia te;jilAk; Mw;wy; Gtpapd; jd;ikia nghUj;J khWgLfpd;wJ.
4. kpd; fhe;j miyfspd; tyk;> jfty; my;yJ Gs;sp tptuq;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
5. ngwg;gl;l Gs;sp tptuq;fs; gy;NtW gjpk vz;zhf khw;wg;gLfpd;wd.
6. tptuzk; nra;jy; 7. gad;ghLfs; Nghd;witahFk;.
9. njhiy Ez;Zzh;T El;gj;jpid gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwapid tptup
1. gue;J tpupe;j epyg; gFjpapid RUf;fkhf mspf;f.
2. mZf Kbahj Gtpg; gFjpapd; tpguq;fis mwpa.
3. Gtpg; gFjpapd; tptuq;fis vspjhfTk;> NtfkhfTk; rupahfTk; jpul;l.
4. ehl;L eyj; jpl;lq;fs; jPl;lTk;> jPl;ba jpl;lq;fis KOikahf nray;gLj;j.
5. epytiu glq;fis kpfj; Jy;ypakhfTk;> tpiuthfTk; tiua gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
gFjp gFjp gFjp gFjp ---- <<<<
1. ehl;L tUkhdj;jpd; ,uz;L mbg;gil fUj;Jf;fs; tptup.
1. nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp 2. jyh tUkhdk;
nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp:
xU ehl;by; Xh; Mz;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; nkhj;j kjpg;ghFk;.
jyh tUkhdk;
ehl;L tUkhdj;ij me;ehl;bd; kf;fs; njhifahy; tFj;jhy; fpilf;Fk; <T jyh tUkhdk; MFk;.
8. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij mwptjd; mtrpak; ahJ ?
1. ehl;bd; nghUshjhu epiyia fzf;fpl.
2. ehl;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfis kjpg;gpl.
3. ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpia mstpl.
4. ehl;L tUkhdj;jpy; %d;W Jiwfspd; gq;fspg;ig mwpa.
5. muR nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpia mjpfupf;f nfhs;if tFf;fTk;> jpl;lkplTk; gad;gLfpd;wJ.
3. eyk; ehLk; murpd; gzpfis tptup.
1. ghJfhg;G gzpfs; - me;epa ehl;L gilnaLg;ig jLj;jy>;; cs;ehl;L fytuq;fisj; jLj;jy;.
2. eph;thfg; gzpfs; - rl;lkd;wk;> eph;thfk;> ePjpj;Jiw %yk; nray;gLj;Jjy;.
3. r%f ghJfhg;G gzpfs; - Viofs;> cly;eykw;Nwhh; kw;Wk; Ntiyaw;Nwhh;fSf;F epthuzk; toq;Fjy;.
4. nghUshjhug; gzpfs; - Ntshz;ik> tzpfk; kw;Wk; njhopw; tsh;r;rpf;fhf eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
4. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs;
1. cw;gj;jp Kiw : ehl;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfs; %yk; fzf;fply;.
2. tUkhd Kiw : ehl;by; cs;s midj;J kf;fspd; tUkhdj;ijmbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fzf;fply;.
3. nrytpd Kiw : EfUk; nghUl;fspd; nryT> KjyPL> Nrkpg;G Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; fzf;fply;.
VII. fPo;fz;ltw;wpw;F fhyf;NfhL tiuffPo;fz;ltw;wpw;F fhyf;NfhL tiuffPo;fz;ltw;wpw;F fhyf;NfhL tiuffPo;fz;ltw;wpw;F fhyf;NfhL tiuf.
01. 1856 - nghJ ,uhZt gzpahsh; rl;lk;
02. 1857 - Kjy; ,e;jpa Rje;jpug; Nghh;> rpg;gha; fyfk;> ngUk; Gul;rp
03. 1858 - tpf;Nlhupah kfhuhzpapd; Nguwpf;if
04. 1870 - n[h;kdp xUq;fpizg;G
05. 1878 - ,e;jpa MAjr; rl;lk;> tl;lhu nkhop gj;jpupf;if jilr; rl;lk;
06. 1882 - Kf;$l;L cld;gbf;if.
07. 1885 - ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; Njhw;wk;
08. 1905 - tq;fg; gpuptpid (m) RNjrp ,af;fk;
09. 1906 - K];yPk; yPf; Njhw;wk;
10. 1907 - #uj; gpsT> Kf;$l;L el;GwT cld;gbf;if
11. 1909 - kpz;Nlh-khh;yp rPh;jpUj;jk;
12. 1911 - tq;fhsk; ,izjy;
13. 1912 - Kjy; ghy;fd; Nghh;
14. 1914 - Kjy; cyfg; Nghh; Jtf;fk;
15. 1916 - jd;dhl;rp ,af;fk;> yf;Ndh xg;ge;jk;
16. 1917 - ,u\;ag; Gul;rp> Yhrplhdpah fg;gy; %o;fbf;fg;gly;> Mf];l; mwpf;if> mf;Nlhgh; Gul;;rp
17. 1918 - Kjy; cyfg; Nghh; KbT
18. 1919 - khz;NlF-nrk;]; Nghh;L rPh;jpUj;jk;> [hypad; thyhghf; gLnfhiy> nusyl; rl;lk>;
ghupR mikjp khehL> nth;nrapy;]; cld;gbf;if.
19. 1920 - xj;Jioahik ,af;fk;> fpyhgj; ,af;fk;> rh;tNjr rq;fk;
20. 1922 - nrsup nrsuh epfo;T
21. 1923 - Rauh[;a fl;rp Njhw;wk;
22. 1927 - irkd; FO ,e;jpah tUif.
23. 1929 - yh$h; fhq;fpu]; khehL
24. 1930 - cg;Gr; rj;jpahfpufk;> rl;l kWg;G ,af;fk>; Kjy; tl;l Nki[ khehL> jz;b ahj;jpiu
25. 1931 - fhe;jp ,h;tpd; xg;ge;jk;> ,uz;lhk; tl;l Nki[ khehL> rPdh kQ;#upahit ifg;gw;Wjy;
26. 1932 - %d;whk; tl;l Nki[ khehL> g+dh xg;ge;jk;> tFg;G thup gpujpepjpj;Jtk>;
,uhk;Nr nkf;nlhdhy;L
27. 1935 - ,e;jpa muRr; rl;lk;
28. 1939 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; Jtf;fk;
29. 1940 - Mf];l; ed;nfhil> [pd;dhtpd; ghfp];jhd; Nfhupf;if
30. 1941 - [g;ghd; Kj;J JiwKfj;ij jhf;Fjy;> ml;yhz;bf; rhrdk;
31. 1942 - fpupg;]; JhJf; FO> nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk;> ,e;jpa Njrpa ,uhZtk;
32. 1945 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; KbT> n[h;kdp ruziljy;> `pl;yh; jw;nfhiy>
I.eh. rigapd; Njhw;wk;
33. 1946 - mikr;ruit JhJf; FO> ,ilf;fhy muR
34. 1947 - kTz;l; Ngl;ld; jpl;lk;> ,e;jpa tpLjiy
35. 1950 - ,e;jpah FbauR miljy;
36. 1954 - gpnuQ;Rg; gFjpfs; ,izT
37. 1961 - Nghh;r;Rf;fPrpa gFjpfs; ,izT
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