\.:.~ ~" ~.. I! ."~~f1 II l11t "lllitjllllllllillll llll llllll~

~ Thnnmg end-Off §

i in Durban I~ A smiling, jostling, jubilant ~§ throng of 4,000 people of all §§ races gave Chief Lutull a thrill - §§ in2 send-off from Durban I~ ==§ week. Here Chief i:; seen on his §§ way to the airport acknowledg- §§ in2 the people's grectin~ with §§ his raised clenched fist. In the ==§ car with him are his wife and §§ his mother ; standing in front §§ of him, Dr. G. M. Naicker. §§ Miss Hilda Lutuli is seated next ==§ to the driver. (See page 5.) ~

I

"LUTULI CAN or BEBOUGHT" Prof. Matthews

Significance

We print below the full textof the speech.

Chief Lutuli said :

INyears gone by, some of thegrea test men of our century

have stood here to receive th isAward, men whose names anddeeds have enrich ed the pagesof human histor y, men whomfut ure genera tions will regardas having h<rpect-ttre-wortctour time.

No one could be left unmo vedto be plucked from the village ofGroutviIle, a name many of youhave never heard before and whichdoes not even feature on manymaps,- to be plucked from ban­ishment in a ru ral backwater , tobe lifted out of the narrow confinesof South Africa's internal politicsand be placed here in the shadowof these great figures. It is a greathonour to me to stand on this ros­trum where many of the great menof our times have stood before.

The Nobel Peace Award that hasbrought me here has for me athreefold significance. On the onehand it is a tribute to my humblecontr ibution to efforts by demo­crats on both sides of the colourline to find a peaceful solutionto the race problem. The contri­bution is not in any way unique.I did, not initiat e the struggle toextend the area of human freedomin South Africa, other Africanpatriots-devoted men-did so be­fo re me. I also as a Christianand patr iot, could not look on , -;- _while systematic attempts weremade, almost in every depart mentof life, to debase the God-factorin Man or to set a limit beyondwhich the huma n being in his

ull Text of Chieuuli's Oslo Speec

" O URS IS A CONTINENT IN REVOLUT ION AGAINS TOPPRESSION. AND PEACE AND REVOLUTION

MAKE UNEASY BEDFELLOWS. TH ER E CAN BE NOPEA CE UNTIL THE FORCES OF OPPRESSION AREOVERTHROWN} ' SAID CHIEF A. J. LUTULI IN HISNOBEL ADDRESS WHICH HE DELIVERED IN OSLO ONMOND AY NIGHT.

Habeas Corpus Refused

~11II11111111I111I1tI111l11 1ll1tI11111I11I11II1I111I11I1I 11I11 111I11I111 11I11III Ilit1IJII I11111111 111111111111111111111111111111111 liltlilt.

What Nexl lnGonyile Cose?

THE Supreme Court has re-fused an ap plication for a

writ of habeas corpus for thePondo leader Anderson Ganyilewho was alleged to have beenkidnapped by South Africanpolice while he was in Basuto­land. Th is was the result of overseven weeks' delibera tion by thejudge.

But the questions which SouthAfrica is asking remain unanswered.Was Ganyi le kidnapped in Basuto­land? Where is he now? What actiondoes the British Govern ment intendtaking over this flagrant violation ofinterna tiona l law?

The sub-judice rule no longeraffords Britain an excuse for hersilence. The British Government hasadmitted that it was given informa­tion on the subject by the SouthAfrican G overnment. Now that theCourt has given its decision Britainmust tell the world the truth andsay what she is going to do aboutit.

The South African Government ,too, must answer the allegations thathave been made. Until this is done ,the Govern ment's silence can onlylead people to infer that it is guilty,and is hiding behind the emergencyregulations because it is afraid toadmi t the ghastly facts.

A heavy responsibilit y rests alsoupon the South African people a,a whole-TO TAKE EFFECTIVEACTIO N TO SEE THAT PEO­PLE'S LEADER ANDERSONKHUMANI GANYILE IS RE­STORED TO FREEDOM wrrn-OUT DELAY . (Continued on page 3)

T HE aW~d of the.Nobel Prize pr~~::. mischief-makers and tbose C3M:S.AJ~~~~~ BAARD saidto Chief Lutuh was cele- who did not know him would think that althoug h decent-minded people

brated by thousands of South ,0. Any(tne who wanted to buy throughout the world were honour­Africans of all races at mass Chief would not find the price, he ing Chief for his unswerving advo­rallies in the main centres last said. cacy of peace and .the brotherhood

Sunday. . th~is X~c aSh;~esid~~:~Gen~~arl~J ~en~~~<; 't~~at~~tlfuna~h~~ ~~~i~~~Here are some of the details: grs i:Sist :~~~ ifi~~n~o~:~:~[:~cfr~I Y~ r~~aen ~r;ht:d~~~:t ~e:u~1~hmb~t~~

PORT ELIZABETH metho d of struggle was not due to an~ confine.ment. •coward ice; secondly, his broad sense . In . denyll12 these rights,the Na-

§ Vol. 8, No. 9. Registered at the G.P .O. as a Newspap er 6d. pe~:I~~es <; ip~~~~sgkabo~~ 5,O~. ~~O;I~ti~ra~~~h e~f~i~~inp1ac~~ ~~ ~~~:a~~~s dr::n:O~::~b~ :.~~. to

§ SOUTHERN EDITION Thursday, December 14, 1961 5c. = ~:~~h':Spri~~idwa:o~eingP~iJ~~ ~fnJ:do~~O~I~ ~h~1 c1Ji~~~ ~h~~of~; up~nRiheO~~nm~~Chi~tll~~::illlll111111III11111 1111 1II11111t1 IIII1It1 1111111111 11111filllltllllltl 11II1II111111111JIIII!1I1111111111III1I111111l11lJ1l1l11II11 111111tr. to Chief Lutuli as a softening-up them nationalism meant only Afri- (Continued 011 pal' CSI.

,

NEW AGE. THU RSDAY. DECE MBER 14,1961

AILE

y Alex la GumGJackie "ch n os ~c1 who will heSanta Claus for the Yirldi5hcommunity Of course all ofthem will come under the ~l rict~lHveill ance of the SpecialBranch. while I!oing around~o rea djng joy along rar allc1liJ"l cs. At the same time the SBwill he a~ked to conduct wide­sl1read raids amI ~ci7e all lie;hof rcquc~t~ for presenh in orderto see that no Ob~ CCllC . unde~ir'

able. t re a ~ona b l e and banneJ~t u ff is import ed."In this way. said the Commis­

sion, Chri stmas would be cele­bra ted in the traditional Pampoen­onder-die-bos manner.

Th e onlv character who pro­tested against thi~ wa~ ColonelPape rbotham (Kaffir Wars. Rtd.)who stalked out muttering that hecould have at least been asked to

~;~~~ jn~e~e~r;n 1°:ca:I~~ t~en;I~~dintro duccd Xmae; hat~ and 'jinglehcll~ to Pampoen-on d e r-d ie-bo~ ,anyway.

Whieh remark definitely sleigh­ed the Commisnon.

AI. I.EYKakcbeen who was a ll for Chris t­mas .

"All we ha ve to do is havemembers of the Special Bran chmeet old Santa Claus whcn hearr ives at Pampo en-onder-die-bosand fonow him a ro und to , ee thathe visits the Wh ite Gro up Area..only," said youn~ .Japie. After allhe had written to Santa Claus tobrin2 him a sten-~un for Chri st­mas and he was looki ng forw ardto ~etting it .

Th e Comm ission of Inquirylater produced its findings andrecommended as follows: "Afterall is said and done, Pampoen­onder-dis-bos really can 't affordto abo lish Christmas or prohibitSant a Claus as an undesirablealien. However to ensure thatall sections of the POO H popu­lation enjoy the spirit of /load­will there will be five -San taClauses th is ~ e3r. The regularone for die volk. plus o ther~

aj'lpointed from the BAD , theCA D and the AA D for the non­white Pampoen-onder-di e-bos­sers. The fifth one will be Mr .

THE DOCTOR'S':EDITORIAL:~

E RIC Louw was given a hero's welcome on his return to SouthAfrica last week. What was his achievement? He had no'

been able to save South Africa from international disgrace andcondemnation because of the apartheid policy. He had not beenable to convince a single soul, apart from the representative: ofthe butcher Government of Portugal, that South Africa had acase for considerat ion.

But he had managed, with the assistance of Britain, Americaand the other imperialist powers, to avoid the two-thirds majorityon the sanctions clause. This, according to Dr. Verwoerd, was aheroic achievement for which Mr. Louw's name would go downin history.

In our opinion, it as about as heroic as the achievement ofthe schoolboy who b)' a combinati on of ingenuity and cunningmanages to avoid getting six of the best after being caughtcheating in an exami nation. In essence. Mr. Louw is being praisednot because he stood for right and justice, but beca use hedefended infamy and managed to get away with it.

Strangely enough, Mr. Louw didn't sound as thrilled with hisachievement as Dr. Verwoerd and his other admirers in thi scountry. A cold war was being waged in the United Nationsagainst South Africa, he said. "I want to warn my fellow SouthAfricans that they must have no illusions about the dangers ofthis cold war . . . The powers against South Africa arc gettingbigger and stronger." Next year more Black states would beadmitted to the United Nations, and the battleground might evenbe extended to the soil of Africa.

What is Mr. Louw's remedy for this desperate situation? "T hoGovernment's pol icy of parallel development. apartheid, had tobe carried out as soon as possible," he said. It would requiresacrifices, discomforts.

Truly, those whom the gods wish to destroy they first makemad. Mr. Louw's Government has just been condemned by UNOfor its apartheid policy. The way to avoid future condemnation~~A~o;~~1ri~~mctions, he now says, is-TO HAVE MORE

What are these "sacrifices and discomforts" Mr. Louw istalking about? Up till now it has been only the Non-Whites whohave made the sacrifices, suffered the discomforts. To speed upanartheid can only mean that the sufferinus of the Non-White')will be intensified. This in turn can onlv lead to an intensificat ionof local resistance by the people and further outbursts of inter­national indigna tion at the policies and practices of the SouthAfrican Government.

Or is apar theid someihinc different from what we havereceived from the Nationalist Government since 1948'1 If so, whatis it? It is not equal rights. or even a qua lified franchise- Mr.Louw himself has said so. It is not nartition and the creation ofindependent Black states. because White South Africa could notsurvive without Black labour.

In fact. neither Mr. Louw nor Dr. Verwoerd has any answer.That is why they are so emotional and worked up, so hysteric-a]about the danaer confronti ng the volk, so desperate abo ut thefutu re. Detenn !ned to maintain White Supremacy at any cost.for them there IS no way out, no turning back. They can only godown fi~htin2.

THOSE WH OSE WAY OF LIFE IS ABOUT TO DIE ARESALUTING ONE ANOTHER.

SOUTH AP RICAN

Louis TrichardtIndians Oppose

Apartheid

A Humanitarian

U P

I sincerely commend Mr . 1. K.Nve rere. the premier of T angan­vika, for hi~ huma nitarian invita­tion to "Profess or" Man ual iso So­hnkwe to attend their indenendencecelebrations on December 8. Afr icawill honour Mr. Nye rere for manyyears to come as one of the man yAf rican statesman our Black Afri­ca has produced.

Africa for the Africans!MOTHWEE MADl

Louis Tr ichardt

Great pl.l} has been made bycerta in sections of the Press on thepresentation of a sixty-guinea trayto Dr. Verwoerd near Louis Trich­ardt recently.

May I point out that this wasthe action of only two or th reeIndians. representing nobody butthem selves. The y stand conde mnedin the eyes of all freedom- lovingIndians of LoUIS Trichar dt. Bytheir actions they have done agreat disservice to the cause of theIndian community.

We a rc o ppo sed to apartheid.and take no pleasure in the namingof tunnel s to boost the sentimentsof Afrik aner nation alism. We arepatie nt, for we know that thewhole world (including Dr. Ver­wce rd's country of origin. H ol­land) is against this system, andthat time i ~ on our side.

Most of us were born here:this i~ our home. ami here we willmake evei y effort til oppose Dr .Verwoerd' s widclv condemn ed con­cept of tribal parti tions of SouthAfrica.

chance? Surely tbey can't expect ababy Ghana not to have teething

.Q ~o~l~ms ! Why should theya hvJv~ co-nr-.rrc Gh a na with B ri ­tain. -which ha-, a centurie s old his­tory?

The success of the Queen's visith as convinced evcrvbody thatNkruma h ha-, overwhelming nopu­laritv in Ghan,i. Even the-e alar m­ists had nuthin z more to vav afterthe Queen had a jive with -Nkru­mah.RILLY 1. S. MOKHONOANALondon

C~~~T~:~e~?e~:s itb~~ ~:~~ i~comes to Pampoen-ol1der-die-bos,too. But not unti l it has beenthoroughl y investigated by a Com­mission of Inqui ry including theSpecial Branch. the Dellartment ofImmiJmltion. and the Mi nister ofthe Inte rior-all of Pampoen­onrler-die-bos. of course.

• Fi rst to be heard by the Com-mission was 0 1m van der Mielie­blaar of the POD B KuItuur Ver­ecniging. who had strong obiect­tio", to Christmas th is Year. OOI11'Sevidence went somethi ng like th is:

Chairm an: You obj ect to Chris t­mas this year?

Oom: Ja. boetie. I hear thi~

Fat her Christma~ come~ from~omewhere near the Nort h Pole. 'T hat's where Norwav is. isn't it?Besides th i ~ Pana Chri.,tma<; goesaround in red, So he might be oneof t h e~e Kommuni~te for all weknow. I think we ought to get ourC'wn Pan:1 Ch rj~tma~ from theSouth Pole then we'll have awhale of a time.

Next customer was young .Japie

As for the characteristics ofNehru we will leave that to thesubjects of Nehru himself. Theyknow best. But in our observationwe find him absolutely a stoogeused by the western powers toweaken the mora le of the Africanand Asian representatives at UNO

As Mr. P. G. Wat kins has admit­ted. India shou ld have taken amore solid stand towards the fas­cists of South Africa as it took theinitiative by breaking 01I diplo­mat ic relations with South Africa.So why budge now. at a time whenfrui tful results are more than amere anticipatio n but a visibleexpectatio n?

South Africa belong- to all wholive in it and no GIlVC Inment canjust ly chum autho rity unless it isbased on the will of .III the people.

~~ I NEW ACE

. ... , ~;y LETTER BOXWhy Did ndia Oppose Ghana s

Move For Sanctions?It would have been much better

for India to remain a spectatorthan to introduce a counter resolu­tion agains t the GHA NA resolu­tion call ing for economic anddiplomatic sanctions against SouthAfr ica. The tactical compromisemade by India will not be forgot­ten hv those who would havebenefitted had the G HANA reso­lution succeeded.

Who would benefit?The oppressed peoples of South

Africa would more than benefit.They would rejoice that then thestarvation epidemic which has pre­vailed since 1652 would heequilibra ted amongs t the op pressedand the oo pressor. It would onlvhe th en tha t the Nnz i-lrke i euimeof Verwocrd would allow flexi­bilitv in it~ nolicies,

While i ealisinu that economicsanctions can bethe much ta lked- MOUNTAIN NGQ UNGWANA

~~~~\~~:~~~;s~~~ ~;~r~ea~;~~;s~ Port Elizabeth

sed. we want them ap plied against Th Q H d A J.~hO: t~nl~f~~~ ~; :~i c~e~i~~ewi~ rliJ e ueen a Ivecan show it ~ sym path y t oward s

the oppressed peoples of Sou ~h W·th k mahAfr im , B('~ide, it i~ the only way In I ruwhich the Nazis can be taueht howdanaerous it is to swim against the The British government decidedtide. To the oppressed it will onl v at the last momen t to allo w themean a. tighten ing \If belts, But to _ Royal Visit to Ghana. This wasthe op nrcssor it ",il l me an m01~ ~n.lT ·to The ft':lC"iC'nar v clement sthan that because he will be in Gh ana and Britain, who werebro uuht to h i ~ knees- forced to celebrating the success of their in-respect the will of the people and tria ues to sabota ge thc visit,the wo rld ;j~ a whole. It is not my purpose to praise

We have suffered JOO years Nkrumah or til censure him foralrei dv We arc not pr epar ed to what he does to th ose who-hamperarid ,1 counle of vears more to the prO l! rc ~ c; of the neople . Tha t i ~

that. A ~ for Sou th African Indians. Ghana's interna l affair . But allthey were welcomed by onnrewicn ntte rnnts to over throw Nkrum ahand c1egrada' ion the very first da y have failed. Nkrumah ic;for Africathe y landed in Natal. and for socialism whatever the

~1 1I1II 11 11 1 11 1 11 1 1 11 1 1 11 111 11l11 111111111 1111111 11 11l1 111l111 11 " '§ ~~~:~~a~i~::' ~~~ ha~i:~ge;~d ~~~§ NOT FAST § Nkrumah go out thr ough the same§ § door Verwoerd used.§ ~ To them Nkrumah has been an=: ~ ungrateful servant to h i ~ benevo-§ ENOUGH ~ lent ex-master. Nkrumah's visit to§ ~ and the amount of assist ance from~ ~ the East and his purge of the

~ D ONAT IONS are comi ng in ~ ~~~~ t~I~~t~cp~~ev~~ntt~ aitn~~~:~~~r~~§ from all our cent res. but § nobo dy's lackey and that he means§ not nearly as fast as we need § to nrocress towa rds socialism. It i ~

~ th~~w Age. is H hungry mon ~ ~ ~h~~or~~n~~~ f~;r~~~t~~~~~o ~fg~~~=: ster and It devours m on ev ~ Kreml in hold in Africa because the

i ~;;~:ct i~ic~~Vat ~~a~lIrwJan~:; ~ ~~~t:~~~ ~:rfa~al~S<h~~a~~~~s;~~ Alexandra§ There are oM ~~~ ~w~e ~ h~akea~ ma~ w~fuew9L I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-

§ everywhere nrovidinz for it and § The onposition i ~ somehow or§ the burden must not .he ~ othe r linked with the hoary colo -§ ~lI ('lwen to r;-~t on the few wIll- ~ niali ~t, who are sparing no effort§ 1O1! ~t'l('1l'r~ 10 each centre. 0ur § to cause disorder in Ghan a. Thi~§ ~necl a l tha~k~ (' 0 to the 1a dle~ ~ amo nl.! nther intentions i~ de~il!ned§ ~ho nrl!:lnl~t>d the Cane Town ~ to hil!hlil!ht the often quoted fal-

~ Ju~~~e c~~~!nl~;~ :~~~ara~"~ .of ~ ~~~~ tt~:~:~I~e~.lacks are unable tog th~ n:l(ler Ie; the res oon~Ib ll l t v g To tho<e peonle Nkrumah§ ~f eVl'rv true democrat. See to § sho uld have been like his neigh-=:It that vnu carry ~l!t. VOllr == bour~ who are with the west and§ ~1l ...r~ of the re~nC?ne;'b,lltv hv § con~ent to the e~tabl i shmen t of§ po~ t l'll! your nfmal10n today!! § w"~tcrn military bae;es on non­§ LlIst Wee\'s Donations: g belligerent African ~o i 1.

§ Joh~n l1csbul'Q: g Whoever has been to Ghana§ Tl cket~ RRO. Tumhle Sale ~ cannot blame Nkr um<l h for his§ Q I.::!::! . DC''' "R. IO M :In.<i M RI O. § socialist tendencies in view of the§ FrIends R40. Old fnenn R10 § poverty of the people. the rift he-

~ ~~~ lIectua l R12. Tzz R2, WII ~ \%eJ;r~~~~I~~~e~~dort~eP~~~;ntt~y~§ Ca" l' TOl'ln: § i'!norance and disease to be found§ K F.4. <>Oc. Fete. "R. I 3'\. § there .

~ ;~~hn~~C'~cl : ~~. i"l~e~ JR1.~ Th e ri.ght-w!ng e.lement<; who

~ ~1~~~~ ~~~ n~6:~:. ~4~ ' ~~;;y ~ ~e~:h~a~~~s:T1~~te~~~~~a~~m:~~~~ "R.2. R "locI T R20. § theIr mouth~ shut hoplnl! thnt an§ po..t Fli7 lJhl'th : ~ egl! would be th!"own at the Queen§ Fr iend R2.1O Brother R 1.05. § and they c~11 1 d Jump up and ~ay:~ D1~~~nR4 ' ~ ~'i~et.'~ere ng ht and we are 3lway<;

~ Grand Total: R444.30. ~ py~fa~h~~e:~n o;r~vh~~~a:~~ ~:~~=:; rll1111I 1111I111I11I 1111I 111 11I11 11I 1111 1111 III1111 IIJ II1111 IIIIh: not these people give Gh ana a

NEW AGE. THURSDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1961

"

. Backing Of LawThere is nothing new in South

A~f1C3''> apartheid Idea'> , but SouthAfr .ca IS uruque in this : the idea,not on ly survive in our modernage, but are stubbornl y detencled,extended and bolstered up bylegisla tion at the time when III themajor part of the world they arenow largely historica l and aree i th~r being shamefacedly hiddenbehind concealing formulations, orare being steadily scrapped.

These ideas survive inSouth Africa because thosewho sponsor them profit fromthem.

They pro vide moral whitewashfor the cond ition s which exist inthe country : for the fact that thecount ry is ruled exclusively by awhite govern ment elected by an ex­clus ively white elector ate which isa privileged minority ; to r the factthat 87% of the land and all thebest agr icultural land within reachof town, market and railways isreserve d for white ownership and

(Continued Oil page 4)

lives on, perpetua ted by a few oftheir line, It is fair to say thateven In present day cond itions .Chnstian mISSIOns have been in thevanguard of initiating soc ial ser­vices provided for us.

Our progress in this field hasbeen in spite of, and not mainlybecause of the governm ent. Inthis the Chur ch in South Africa­though belatedly, seems to bea wake ning to a broader miSSIOn oftill: Church , .ill.ltS mmrst ry amongus. It IS beginning to take seriou s­ly the words ot ItS Founde r whosaid, "I came that they might havelife and have it more abundantly"

This is a call to the Churc'hin South Africa to help in theall-round development of manin the present and not only inthe hereafter .

In this regard, the people ofSouth Atnca, especiall y those whoclaim to . be Chrts tian-, would be":ell advised to take heed ot theCo nference decisions of the WorldCounCIL of Churc hes held at Cot­tesloe, Johannesburg, in 1960,which gave a clea r lead on themrssron of the Church 1Il our day.It left no room for doubt aboutthe relevancy ot the Ch ristian mes­sage in the present issues that con­fro nt mankind. I note With gra ti­tud e this broad er outl ook ot theWorld Council of Churches. It hasa grea t meaning and significancetor us in Africa.

White Conquest

Museum Piece

Illegal Doctrine

There is little new in th is myth­ology. Every part at Africa Whichhas been subject to white conqu esthas, at one time or another andin one guise or anoth er sufferedfrom it, even in Its Virulent formof the slavery that obt ained inAfrica up to the 19th Centur v. Th emitigating fea ture in the gloom ofthose far off days was the shaft of

~i~~:t S~ttg~r t~h~h~~~n w~i~~en~u~initial enlightenment.

With successive governments ofthe time doing little or nothing toameliorate the ha rrowing sufferingof the blackman at the hands otslave-drivers. men like Dr . DavidLivingstone and Dr. John Philipand other illustr ious men of Godstood for socia l justice in the faceof overwhelming odds. It is worthnoti ng that the names I have re­ferr ed to are still anathema tosome South Africans.

It is not necessary for me to Hence the ghost of slavery lin-speak at length about South gers on to this day in the form ofAfrica ; its social system, its po li- forced labour that goes on in whatt ics, its economics and its laws are calIed farm prisons. But thehave forced themselves on the I tradition of Livingston e and Philip

Th ere is a paradox in the factthat Afr ica qualifies for such anAward in its age of turm oil andrevolut ion. How great is the para ­dox and how m uch grea ter thehono ur that an Award in supp ortof peace and the broth erh ood ofman sho uld come to one who is aCitizen of a country where thebrot herhood of man is an illegaldoctrine. outl awed, banned, cen­sured, pro scribed and pro hibite d;where to work , talk or campaignfor the realisa tion in fact and deedof the broth erhood of man ishaza rdous, punished with banish­ment or confinement witho ut trialor impr isonment ; where effectivedem ocratic channels to peacefu lsettleme nt of the race problemhave never existed these 300 years;and where white minority powerrest" on the most heavily armedand equi pped militar y mach ine inAfrica. This is South Africa.

Even here. where white ruleseem" determined not to change itsmind tor the better , the spirit ofAfrica's mili tant struggle for liber­ty, equality and independenceasser ts itself. I, together withthousa nds of my countrymen, havein th e course of struggle for theseideals. been hara ssed. and im­prisoned, but we are not deterredin our quest for a new' age inwhich We shall live in peace andin brotherhood.

Chief Lutuli, with Dr. Naicke r on the left and Mrs. Lutul i, salut es the Durban crowd en theeve of his departure.

the standards of life and liberty attention of the world. It is a mu-are constant ly expanding; in which seum piece in our lime, a han g-the ancient legacy of illiteracy and over trom the dar k past of man-disease is swept aside, in which kind, a rel ic of an age whichthe dignity of man is rescued from everywhere else is dead or dyin g.beneath the heels of colonialism Here the cult of race supenorn ywhich have tramp led it. and of white supremacy IS wor-

This goal, pursued by mil- ~~~fft~d ~~~:~e G~~rru~~~n w~~~lions of our people with revn- many of their children learn tolutionary zeal, by means of believe that white men are un­boo ks, representations , demon- questionably superior" efficient,

. s ations and in so places . ~~vtbla~~(Ju~~~ou:re~ne~u~~~a~~~armed force provoked by the ques tionably inferior, sloth ful ,adamancy of White rule, car- stupid, evil an d clumsy. On the

ries the only real promis e of foa~~stOfa~~n~tht~~~y itshahi;~~~peace in Africa. than the highest amongst us," it

Whatever means have been used is claimed that white men buildthe efforts have gone to end alien everything tha t is worthwhile inru le and race oppre ssion. - the country; its cities, its indus­

tries, It3 mines and its agriculture.and that they alone are tnus fittedand ent itled as of right to own andcontrol these things, whilst blackmen are only temporary sojou r­ners in these cities, fitted only tormenial labour, and unfit to sharepol itical po wer.

The Prim e Minister of SouthAfrica, Dr. Verw oerd, then MIni S'ter of Bantu Affairs, when explain ­ing his government's pohcy onArrican educati on had this to say:"There is no place tor him (tneAfrican) in the European cornrnu­ruty above the level of certainforms of labour."

the past aside. Our people every­where from north to south of thecontinent are reclaim ing theirland, their right to participate ingovernment , thei r dignity as men,their nationhood. Th us, in theturmo il of revolution, the basis forpeace and brotherhood in Africais being restored by the resurrec­~i lJn of nati onal sovereignt y andIndepend ence, of equal ity and thedignity of man.

It shou ld not be difficult for youin Europe to appreciate this. You rcontinent passed thro ugh a longerseries of revolutionary upheavals,in which your age of feudal back­wardness gave way to the new ageof industr ialisat ion, true nation­hood. democracy and rising livingstandards- the golden age forwhich men have stri ven for gene­rations. Your age of revolut ion,stretching acro ss all the years fromthe 18th Century to our own en­comp assed some of the bloodiestcivil wars in all history. By com­parison, the African revolutionhas swept ac ross three quar ters ofthe continen t in less than a decad e;

its final completion is within sightof our own generat ion.

. ComparativelyBloodless

African GoalThough I speak of Africa as a

single entity, it is divided in man yways-by race, lan guage, histor yand custom; by pol itical, economicand ethnic fro ntiers.

But in truth, desp ite thesemultiple divisions , Africa hasa single common . purp ose anda single goal-the ach ievementof its own independence.

All Afr ica. both lands whichhave won their political victorie s,but have still to overcome thelegacy of econom ic backwardness.and lands like my own whosepolitical battles have still to bewaged to their conclusion- allAfr ica has this. single aim; ourgoal is a united Afr ica in which

Again , by comp arison withEurope , our African revolution­to our credit , is provin g to beorderly, quick and compar ativelyblood less.

This fact of the relative peace­fulness of our African revolutionis attes ted to bv other observersof eminence. Professor C. W. deKiewict, President of the Roches-

~~r~:~voer?:?L~~~'f~r -f9Mt ka;this to say: "Th ere has, it is true,been almost no serious vio lence inthe achievement of political self­rule. In that sense there is noreVOlution" in Africa-only re­form . . .

Professor D. V. Cowen: thenPro fessor of Compa rative Law atthe Unive rsity of Cape Town,South Africa . in A Hoernl e ~em­orial Lecture for 1961. throwslight on the nat ure of our struggleIl1 the following words: 'T hey(the Whites in South Africa) are,agai n for tunate in the ver y highmoral calibre of the non-While in­habi tants of Sou th Africa, whocomp are favour ably with any onthe whole contin ent." Let thisnever be forgotten by those who, 0 eagerly point a finger of scornat Africa.

Perhaps by your sta ndards , oursurge to revo lutionary reform s islate. If it is so-if we are late ingain ing self-rule. independ ence anddemocracy. it is becau se in theP3St the pace has not been set byus. Europe set the pa ttern for the19th and 20th Centu ry develop­ment of Africa . Only now is ourcontinent coming into its own andreca pturing its - own fate fromfore ign rule.

Fight For Equality

Revolution And War

But now, the revolutionary stir ­rings of our contine nt are setting

(Continued Iro111 page I)Black form might not strive toserve his Creator to the best of hisability. To rem ain neut ral in asitua tion where the laws of theland virtu a llv crit icise God forhaving created men of colour wasthe sort of thing [ could not, as aChristian, tolerate.

On the othe r hand theAwar d is a democratic decla­ratio n of solidar ity with thosewho fight to widen the are a ofliberty in my part of the world.As such, it is the sort of ges­ture which gives me and mil­lions who think as I do, tre­mendous encouragement.

The re are still people in theworld today who regard SouthAfrica's race proble m ns a simpleclavh between Black and While.Ou r gove.rnment has carefully pro­ject cd this image of the problembefore the eyes of the world. Thishas had two effec ts, It has con­fused the real issues at stake inthe race cnsis. It has given someform of force to the government'scontention that the race problemIS a dome stic matter for SouthAf rica. Thi s, in turn, has tendedto narrow down the area overwhich our case could be betterunderstood in the world.

From yet another angle, it is awelcome recognition ot the roleplayed by the African peopledurin g (he last f i ft ~ years to estab­lish. peacefully, a society in whichmer it and not race, wou ld fix theposit ion of the mdividua l in thelife ot the nation .

This Award could not be forme al'one, nor for just SouthAfrica, but for Africa as awhole. Africa presently is mostdeeply torn with strife and mostbitterl y stricken with racial con­flict. How strange then it is that aman of Africa sho uld be here toreceive an AW3rd uiven for serviceto the cause of peace and broth er­hood between men.

Race Crisis

Ther e has been lit.le peace inAfrica in our time. From thenorthernmost end of our contin ent,where war has raged for sevenyear s, to the centre and to thesouth there ale battle s beingfough t out. some with arms, somewithout. In my own country, inthe year 1%0 for which thisAward is given, there was a stateof emergenc y tor many month s. AtSharpeville, a sma ll village, in asingle af ternoo n 69 people wereshot dead and 180 wounded bvsm311 arm, frrc: and in parts likethe Tr anskei, a s.a te of emer gen­cy is still cont inuing.

Ours is a continent in revo­lution against opp ression. Andpeace and revolution make un­easy bed fellows. There can beno peace until the forces ofoppres sion are overthrow n.

Our continent has been carvedup by the great powers; aliengovernments have been forcedupo n African peop le by milita ryconquest and by economic dom i­natio n; strivings of nationh ood andnatio nal dignity have been beatendown by force; tradition al econo·mies and ancient customs havebeen disrupted , and human skillsand energy have been harn essedfor the ad vant age of our con­querors. In these times there hasbeen no peace; there could be nobrotherhood between man.

F

SANITY, when MAN is sadlybecomi ng a victim of mate ria lism

and lust for unbridled power,Af rica sho uld be a mediator,working in concert with ot her na­tio ns to be a force for worldpeace and friend ship.

T h is hour, this moment offulfilment, is for t he sages ofAfrica, nay, all he r sons anddaughters in word and deed tosa y: Africa, "Arise and shinefor t hy light is co me." Help"tu rn the swords in to plough­sh ares" and with a free con­science say: Our figh t is notfo r conquest of land or domi­nation of p eo pl e , but for therecognition and preserv a t io nof free man in a free world.

neousl y rushed forward and kissedM rs. Lutull,

II was severa l minutes bef orethe car was able to mo ve andwhen it did, it had to trav el a t asna il's pace for the ju bilant peopleth rong ed ar ound the car singing:"Sornlandela , Lutuli! " thro ugh outthe length of Grey Street.

TR I UMPHAL PROCESSIONLooking tired , but non ethele ss

as cheerful as eve r Chie f wav edconti nuously and ackno wled gedthe people's greetings with a raise dclenched fist. Tr avelling with himin the car were his mother , hi swife , his da ughter Hilda and D r.N a ick er,

A motorcade of over 100 car sfo llowed the Chief's sleek lim ou ­sine to the airport, where th ecolour bar broke down complete­Ir as the m ultitude follow ed Chiefinto the foye r. Th e concou rse be­came conges ted a nd there wascomplete chaos until Ch ief, afteran appeal by the Special Branch .add ress ed the peopl e and spokefor the first time to a " mass meet­ing" since his banning.

The harried police, who hadtried unsueces tfu lly to con trol thecrowd , must have been shocked atthe effect of Chief's speech. whichimm ediately restor ed order. At therequ est of the Ch ief the people leftthe foyer within seconds andassem bled on the airport groundsout side.

Chief left Durban with th estrains of "Somlandcla, Lu tuli!"ringing in his ears as thousandswaved him goodbye on h is mo­mentous jo urney.

ROUSI GFROM

P rofessor Z. K. Matthews is seen a ddressing th e huge PortElizabeth ra ll y 011 S u nd a y.

In a strif e-to rn world, totte ringon the br ink of disaster in thi snucle ar age, much in need of

What of the ma ny pressi ng andco mplex problems of a new State ,typical ly in Af rica poverty, illi­

teracy, tri balis m with its narrow,dwarfing, parochial, selfish ou t­look? Thes e and more- legacies ofcolonial days- will tax to the limitthe sta tesman ship, ingenuity, altru­ism and steadfastness of Africanleadership and its unbendingavowal to dem ocr at ic tenets insta tecraft. To us all, free or not,the call of the hour is to redeemthe name an d honour of Mothe rAfri ca .

For Peace andFriendship

DURBAN.OVER 4,000 jubilant people

- A fr icans, Indians, C ol­oureds and Europ eans ­cheered, sang a n d shouted slo­gans outside the H imalayaHotel, Durban, a s Chief A. J.Lutul i lu n ch ed with his familyand about 40 of h is friends la stT ue sday, prior to leaving o nthe first le g of his jo urney toO slo where lie received the1960 Nobel P ea c e Prize .

Among the guests were Dr.G. M. Naicker, Presiden t of theS.A. Ind ian Co ngres s, and Mr.A lan Paton.

The scre am ing, jostling, good­na tur ed crowd which jam-packedthe entranc e to th e hotel an dover flowed into bu sy Grey Stree tdurin g the peak lu nch-ho ur heldup tra ffic fo r over an hour.

. CLENCHED FISTWhen C hief Lut ul i appeared on

th e ba lcony of th e hotel with hiswife. Nokukanye, and Dr. Naickerthere was sponta neous cheering.H is greet ing of "Arnandhla !"with his clenche d fist rai sedbro ught for th a roar of "Awethu!"fro m the people .

As Chief left th e hotel to enterthe car - an open silver-greyCadilJac-which was to take himto Durban airpor t, the crowdmobbed h im. It seeme d as ifeveryone wan ted to touch him atthe same time.

The crowd cheered wildly whena lO-yea r. old Indian girl sponta-

A Challenge

Africa's Age

She sho uld see this hou r of herfu lf ilment as a cha llenge to he r IIIlabo ur on until she is purged ofracial d omination, and as an op­portun it y of reassuring the worldtha t he r na tiona l asp ira tion lies,not in o ver throwing whi te dom ina­tion to re place it by a black cast e,but to build a n on -racialde m o cracy that shall b e am o n umen tal b rotherh o o d , a' b rotherly comm unity' withnone discri mina te d agai ns t ongr o u n ds of race o r co lo u r.

(Continued at foo t of next column)

I n b rin~i ng my addre ss to aclose, let me invite Af rica to ca sther eyes bey ond the past a nd tosome extent the present with the irw?es and tri bula tions, trials an dfailures, a.nd some successes, andsee hersclt an emergi ng co ntinent,bu rs tin g to freedom thr ou gh th eshell of cent uries of ser fdo m

Th is is Africa's age-the 'dawnof her fulfilment, yes, th e mo men twhe!, sh e muu grapple withdest';DY. to reac h the summ its o fsu blim ity sayi ng: ours was a figh tfo r noble values and worth y ends,and not ror lands and the enslav e­me nt of man.. Afr ica IS a vital su bjec t matterIn . the world of today, a focalpoint of wo rld interest and con­cern . COUld it not be that historyhas delayed her rebir th for a pu r­P?se? .The situa tion co nfronts herWith ine scapab le challenges, butfl.Iore Im portantly with oppo rtuni­tl.es for servi ce to herse lf and ma n­kind . She eva des th e challengesand negl l' cts the opp ortu nities to '- - .....:..-- - - - =----=-- - - - --=-- ....:...- - - - ­her sha me, if no t her doom. No ws~ e sees he r dest iny is a mo revital an d rewa rding quest th anbemoaning her past with its humi­lia tions and sufferings.

Th e a ddress could do no mo rethan I?ose some qu estions andleave It to the Afr ican leadersand peo ple", to prov ide satisfyingansw er, a nd respon ses by theirco ncern fo r highe r va lues and bytheir no ble actions that coul d be

".. . foo tpr in ts on the sands oftirne r­

, "F oot prints, that per hapsanothe r,

Sa ilmg o'e r life 's solemn main,A for lo rn and shipwrecked

brot her,Seeing. sha ll take hear t again."

Still he xing the scars of pastwrongs per pctra ted on her, coul dshe not be magnanimo us and pr ac­tise no wro ngs ? Her ha nd offrie ndsh ip scornfully rejected, herpleas fl' r justice and fa irplayspurned, sh ould she not noneth e­less seck to turn enmity into

amity? Th ough robbed of herland s, her inde pendence and op­por tuni ties to becom e-s-this, o ftenoddly eno ugh done to her in thename of civilisat ion and evenC hristianity, should she not see herdest iny a s being that of mak ing adistin ctive cont ribu tion to hu manprogress a nd h uman relationship swith n pecu liar new Afric a Fla ­vour enri ched by the diversi ty ofculture" she enjoys , thus bui ld ingon the summits of present huma nachie vement an edifice that wouldbe on e of the finest tribu tes to thegeniu s of man?

her humilIa tion and torment a t• th e hands of white rule, the spirit

of Afri ca In que st for freed om ha sbeen, gene . ally , for peacefu l meansto the u tnlOst.

If I ha ve dwelt at length on m ycou ntry' s race problem, it is no tas though othe r coun tri es on ourcontinent do not labour underthese p ro hlems, but becau se it ishere III the Republic of South~~~~aac~~~t th e race p roblem is

Perha~s in no other cou ntry o nth e contlDen t h white sup rema cyasserted with great er vi20ur andd.etem lina lion and a sense ofrIghteousness. Thi s places theop ponent s of apa rtheid in the frontra nk of those who fight whitedo minatio n.

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1961

We Must Make OurOwn Freedom

All honest free dom-l ovmg peo ­ple have dedica ted them selves totha t task. Wh at we need is thecour age tha t rises with dan ger.

Wh atever may be th e fut ure ofour freedom effort s, our ca use is,the caus e of the liberat ion ofpeople who are denied freedom.Onl y on this basi s can the peaceof Africa and th e world be firm lyfounded. Our cause is the cause ofequ al ity between nat ions andpeo ples. Only thu s can thebroth erhood of man be firmlyest ab lished. It is enco urag ing a ndelating to remin d you that despite

We Sout h Africans, how­ever, equally u n derstand tha tm u ch a s ot h e rs might d o fo rus, our fr ee d o m cannot cometo us as a gift from abroad.Our freedo m w e must m akeourselves .

there are ma ny things th at havesusta ined the spirit of the free dom ­loving people of South Af ric a andthose in the yet unr edeem ed partsof Af rica where the white mancla ims reso lute ly proprietar y rightsover democracy- a un iversa l heri­tage.

High amongst them-the thing sthat haw sus ta ined us, sta nd themagruficent support of the progres­sive peopl e a nd governmentsthr ough ou t the worl d, am ongstwhom num ber th e peopl e andgovernmen t of the coun try ofwhich 1 am to day guest; ourbro ther s in Afr ica; especially inthe Independent A frican States;orga nisatio ns who sha re the out­look we em brace in cou ntries scat­tere d righ t ac ross the face of theglobe; the Un ited Na tion s Organi­sation joint ly and some or itsme mber-nat ions sing ly.

ln the ir def ence of peace in thewo rld throug h active ly uph oldingthe eq ua lity of man all the segroup s have reinforc ed our undy­mg fai th in the unassa ilab le r ight­ness and justn ess of our cause. Toall of th em I say : Alone we woul dhave been wea k. Ou r hear tfeltapprecia tion of your ac ts of sup­port of us, we can not adequatelyexpress. nor can we ever for get ;now or in the futu re when victo ryis behind us, and Sou th Afric a' sfree dom rests in the hands of a llhe r people.

We reject th ese policies becaus eth ey do not measure up to thebest man kind ha ; striven forthroughout the ages; they do greatoffence to ma n's su blime asplra­tion s that ha ve remained tru e in asea or flux and change down the:l2eS, asp irati ons of which theUnited Na tions Decla rat ion ofHum an Rights is a culmination.T his is wha t we stand for , This i 1

what we fight for .

ln their fight for lasting value s.

and elsew here " pa rtnership." Theseare effo rts to side-track us f romthe democratic ro ad, mea n delay­ing tactics that fool no one butthe unwary. No euphemistic nam­ing will ever hid e their hide ousnature.

Apartheid Fraud

Adv. A . L. Sachs, of th e Con ress of D em o cra ts, is seen addressing the Grand Parade meetingin Cape 'b wn h eld la st Su n d ay t o honour Ch ief Lutuli,

rous to democracy, for in the turof even ts the sweets of economiipoli tical and soc ia l privileges thsar e a mon opo ly of only one section of a co rnm uni tv turn so ueven in the mou ths of th ose whea t them. T h us ap artheid in praitice is proving to be a monstccreat ed by F rank enstein. Tha tth e tragedy of the South Afr icascene.

Multi· Racialism

Congress Alliance

suffered a t tbe han ds of th e gov ­ernmen t has turned us from ourcho sen a th of disciplined resist­a nce. It is for this , I believe, th att his aw~rd is given.

Many spurious slogan s ha cbeen inven ted in our country 1

an effort to redeem uneasy ra ere latio ns- .. trus teeship." "sepa ra:development," "race Iedcratior'

It is th is vision which p rom ptedthe A frica n Nat ional Co ngr ess tomvrte members of other racia lgro ups who believe with us in thebro therhoo d of man and in thefreedo m of all people to join withus in es ta blishing a no n-raci a l de­mocrat ic South Africa. Thu s theA frican N atio nal Co ngres s in itsda y brought abo ut the Cong ressAllia nce and welcomed the emer­gence o f the Lib eral Party an d thePr ogressive Party, who to an en ­couraging measure support theseideals.

T h e true patrio ts of So u thA fr ica, for whom I sp eak, willb e sat is fied wi t h n o thi ng lessth a n th e fulles t democr a ticr igh ts .

In government we will no t besatisfied with an yth ing less th andirect ind ivid ua l adult suffrage andthe r igh t to sta nd for an d beelected to all or gans of govern ­men t.

In ec onomic matt ers we will besa tisfied with noth ing less thanequal ity of opportunit y in eve rysphere, a nd th e enjoyment by allof th ose her itages. wh ich for m theresources of th e country which upto no w have been appro pria ted ona racia l "whi tes only" basis. Inculture we will be sa tisfied withnothing less th an the ope ning ofall doors of lea rn ing in non-segr a­gatory in stitution s on the solecriterion of a bility. In the soci alsphere we will be sa tisfied withnothing less than the abolition ofa ll racia l bar s.

We d o not demand these th ingsfo r pe ople of Afric an de scen talone. We demand them f or allSouth A fricans. whit e and black.On these principles we ar e uncorn -

pr '?p~i S i~;.:n promise wou ld be an An Africa n child in !r ib a l dr~ls d~nces to th e rhyt~m o f Africanexped iency tha t is most treache- drums as Chief Lutuh amves at D u rb a n airport.

H ow eas y it wou ld have been inSo uth Af rica for the nat ural feel­ing s of resentment a t whi te d omi ­nat ion to have been turne d intofee lings of hat red and a desire forreven ge aga inst th e white commu­ni ty. He re, whe re everyday inevery aspect of life, every no n­whit e comes up against the ubi­quitous sign, "Eu ropeans Only, "and the equally ub iquitous po lice­man to enf orce it,-here it co uldwell be ex pected th at a raci alismequal to tha t of their oppressorswou ld flourish to cou nter the wh itearrogance to wards blacks.

That it has not done so isno acci d en t . It is be cause, de­liber a t e ly and advis edly, Afri­can le a d e rs hi p for the past 50y ears, w ith the inspiration ofthe A frica n National Congress ,whic h I had tb e hon o ur tolead fo r the last decade or sountil it was banned, had setitself s t ea d fastly agains t ra ci a lvainglo ri o usness.

We k now that in so doing wepas sed up opportunities for aneasy de magogi c appeal to th e na­tur al passions of a people de niedfreed om a nd liberty; we discardedthe ch anc e of an easy and expe ­dien t em ot ional ap peal.

Our vil ion has always been thatof a n-ra cial defnocratic SouthA fri ca wllich uph olds th e rights ofail who live in ou r country to reomai n th er e as FULL citizens wit hequal rights and respons ibilitieswith all others. F or the consum­mation of this ideal we have lab­ou red unflinchingly. We shallcont inue to labour unflinchingly.

All the strength of progressiveleadership in South Africa, all mylife and stre ngth has been givento the pur suan ce of this me tho d, inan att empt to avert disaster in theinterests of Sou th Af rica, and havebravely paid the penalties fo r it.

It may well be th at South Afri ­ca's social system is a monumentto racialis m and race oppression,but its peo ple are the living test i­mony to the u nconqu erable spiritof mankin d. Dow n the years,agai nst seemingl y over whel mingodds, they have sou ght the goa l offuller life and liberty, striving withincredible de terminati on and forti­tude for the right to live as men ­free men.

In this our coun try is no tun ique. Yo ur recen t and inspiri nghi stor y, when the Axis Pow ersover ran mos t Euro pea n States, istestimony of this un conqu erabl espiri t of mankind.

People of Europe formed Re­sist ance M ovements that finally

~:~tn~~o~rea~fthe ~~;~ of ~::Fascism with their cree d of racearr oga nce and herrenvolk men­tali ty.

Barriers ContinueEvery people have, at one time

or ano ther in the ir history, been

plunged in to mu ch struggle. Butgenera lly the pa ssing of time hasseen the barr iers to freedom goingdown ! Each step we take forward,Afr ica. Here the ba rrier s do not godown ! Ea ch step we tak e forw ar devery achi evemen t we chalk up , iscancelled out by th e ra ising of newand higher barriers to our advance.T he colour bars do not get weaker;they get stronger. The bitterness ofthe struggle mounts as libertycome s ste p by ste p close r to thefreedom fighter's gra sp. All tooofte n, the protests and dem onstr a­tions of our people have beenbea ten back by force ; bu t the y

have neve r been si lenced.Th ro ugh all this crue l treatm ent

in the name of the law and order,our peo ple, with a few except ions,have rema ined non- vio lent. If to ­d ay this peace Award is given toSou th Af rica through a black man ,it is not because we in South Afri­ca hav e won our fight for peacean d hu ma n broth erh ood. Far fr omit. Perhaps we stan d far ther fromvictory tha n any other peopl e inAf rica.

But nothing which we have

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 14,1961

ND FULL E UALITY"

T en-yea r-old B a nce Seedat, of Durban, kisses Mrs.Lutuli good b ye.

.,A lthough m et h o ds of str ug­

gle may differ fr om time t ot ime, the u nivers al humanstrivings for lib erty remainu nchanged . W e, in our si tua­ti on have chosen the path ofnon-v io lence of our own vo li­ti on. A long this path we h aveo rg a n ised many heroic cam­paigns.

Struggle for LibertyWh ilst the soc ial and po litica l

conditi ons have cha nged and thepro blems we face ar e differ ent , wetoo, their proge ny, find ourselvesfacing a situ ati on where we haveto struggle for our very sur viva la , hum an being s.

never bee n a docile lot , leas t ofall the Afr ican people. We have along tra dition of st rugg le for ournatio na l rights, reaching back tothe very beginnings of white set­tleme nt and conq uest 300 yearsag o. Our his tory is one of oppo­sitio n to do min ation, of protestand refusa l to su bmit to tyranny.

Con side r some of ou r greatnames; the great warr ior andnation-buil der Shaka, who we ldedt ribes toge ther into the Zu lu nat ionfrom whi ch I spri ng; Moshoes ho e,the sta tesman and nation- bui lderwho fa ther ed the Basuto nat ionand pl aced Basu toland beyond therea ch of the claws of the SouthAfric an whites; Hintsa of theXhosas who chose death ratherthan surrender his terr itory towhite invaders.

All these and othe r royal na mes,as well as other great chieftains,resisted manfully white intru sion.

Consi der also the sturdi ness ofthe stoc k that nu r tur ed the for e­going great names . I refer to ourforebea rs, who in trekk ing fro mth e nor th to the southern m ost tipof Afri ca cen turies ago bravedrivers that are pere nnially swolle n;hacked th eir way through treacher­ous ju ngle an d fores t; survived thepl agues o f the then unta med lethaldiseases of a mu ltifa rou s naturethat abounde d in Equa toria l Africa

an d wre sted themse lves fr om thegapi ng mouth s of the beasts ofprey ,

I They endured it a ll. T hey set­tled in those part s of A frica tobuild a future wor thw hile for usthe ir offspr ing.

World Spotlight

Bitterness Grows

"

I cou ld carryon in th is strain,an d ta lk on ever y facet of SouthAfrican life from the cradle to thegrave. But the se fact s tod ay areoecoming known to all the world.A fierce spo tlight of world atte n­non has been thrown on the m.T ry as our gove rnme nt and itsapologists Will, with hon eyedwords abo ut "separa te devel op­ment" and eventual " indepen­dence" in so-called " Bantu h ome­lands," noth ing can co ncea l thereality of So uth Africa n condi- r ]tions. ;.

1, as a Christian, have alwaysfelt that there is one thing abovea lt about "apa rtheid" or "s eparatedevel op ment" that JS unfor givable.It seems utt erly mdiflerent to thesurfen ng ot mdlV1UU,Il persons,

eir , ,their Jobs, In the puisuu of wh.it I~

surely the mos t terr ible d ream inthe world .

Th is terrible dr eam is no t heldon to by a crack-pot group on theIn nge of society, or a Klu-Klux­Klan sm an, of wh ich we have asprinkling. 1t is the deli berate po li­cy of a government, supportedactive ly by a large part of thewhite populat ion, and toleratedpassively by an overwhelmingwhite m ajorit y, bu t now fortu na te­ly rejected by an encouragingwhite min orit y who have thrownthe ir lot with non-Whites who areoverwhelmingly oppo sed to so­called sepa rate developm ent.

Th us it is that th e golden ageof Africa's independ ence is a lsotbe dark age of So utb Africa'sdecli ne and retrogression, brougbtabou t by men who, when revolu­tionary changes that en trenche dfundamental human righ ts weretaking place in Eu ro pe wer eclosed in on the tip o f Sou thAfr ica-and so missed th e windof pro gr essive chan ge.

occupation and now through therecent G rou p Area s legislationnon-Whites are los ing more lan dto white greed ; for the fact tha tall skill ed and high ly paid jobs arefor white s onl y; fo r the fact th atall universitie s of any academicmerit arc an exclusive preserveof whi tes; for the fact that theeducation of every whi te chi ldcosts abou t £64.0.0. whilst tha t ofan African child costs about £9;fo r the fact that white education isun iversal and compulsory up tothe age of 16, whilst educa tion forthe non-white children is scar ceand inad equa te, a nd for th e facttha t almos t one million Afr icans ayear are ar rested and gao led orfined for breaches of innumerablepass and permit laws which do notappl y to wh ites.

In th e wake of tha t decli ne andretrogression , bitt ern ess betweenmen grows to al arm ing heights; theeco nomy decl ines as confidenceebbs away; unemployment rises;governm ent becomes increasinglydicta toria l and intoleran t of consu­tut ional and legal procedures,increasi ngly violent an d suppres­sive; there is a constan t driv e formore policemen, mo re soldiers,mo re arma ments, banishmentswithout tria l and pen al wh ippings.

All th e trappings of mediaevalbac kwa rdness and cru elt y come tothe fore . Educ at ion is be ing re­duc ed to an ins trument of subtleindoctrination, sla nted and biasedreporting in the orga ns of publ icinformation, a creepmg censor sh ip,book- banning and black -lis ting, allthese, spread their shadows overthe land. This is Sou th Africa to­day, in the age of Af rica's great­ness.

But beneath the surfacethere is a spirit of defianc e.Th e peop le of South Africa ha ve

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 14, 1961

Vic GoldbergArrested

Phoofolo Arrested.In Johannesburg

Bursaries For Non­White Students

JOHANNESBURG.Special Branch men took notes at

the annual conference of the Trans­vaal division of the BasutolandFreedom Party led by Mr. Khake tlaafter his break with the BasutolundCongress Party. At the end of themeeting they arrested the chiefspokesman of the conference Mr.O. P. Phoofolo whom they tookinto custody to be charged. it I~

believed, with entering South Africawithout a permit.

About 100 people atten ded, andthe Party's secretary Mr. 1. 1. Mo­kotso discussed the differing policiesof the BFP and the BCP. Heattacked the BCP for "stifling theviews of individuals," and criticisedwhat he called " the shocking andirresponsible statements" of Mr.Mokhehle, the Bep leader, inatta cking the ex·ANC policy.

Most of the meeting centred onthe rival policies of the Rep andthe BFP.

JOHANNESBURG.Mr. Vic Goldberg, emergency

detainee who left South Afr ica inOctober on an exit permit a nd flewback into Johannesburg last week.is the first South African to bearrested and charged for re-enteringthe country of his birth against theprovisions of the Departure fromthe Un ion Act.

Mr. Goldberg is out on bail ofR225.

During argument over bail incour t Mr. Goldberg said he had re­turned for 'personal reasons.'~

JOHA NNESBUR G.Bursaries are being offered by the

University Indian Students' BursarvCommittee to Non-White studentsfor the 1962 academic year,

The bursaries are tenable at theUniversity of the Witwatersrand , theUniversity of Cape Town, Pope PiusXII College, Basutoland, and theUniversity College of Salisbury,Rhodesia, in the faculties of Arts.Science, Commerce and Engineering.

Students wishing to apply shouldwrite to the Secretary, P.O. Box106. Vrededorp, Johannesburg. bynot latert~ 1962.

BE

Women Arrestedat Prayer Meeting

PORT ELIZ ABETHA police van-load of Special

Branch detectives swooped on ahome in Zakele recently.

Sixteen women who were in thehouse conducting a prayer meetingfor a sick friend were whisked away

Mrs. Winnie Mandela, wife of underground leader Nelson Man- to the charge offices and questioneddela held a poster at the Joh annesburg. airport demonstrati on to as to the nature of the gathering.

, say farewell to Chief Lutiili last week. lea~~~r all the women were reo

MANDE LA SONG

JOHANNESBU RG

A jubilant, singing and dancingcrowd of about 1,200 people con­verged on the Johannesburg "Hon­our Lutuli" meeting in Newclare onSunday.

The re were loud cheers whenMRS. PIXIE BENJAMI N, the firstspeaker, said: 'The Nationalists sitin their laager of Saracens. Theyare right to be afra id-because theircause is hopeless. We demand oneman, one vote."

MR. Y US U F CACHALlA ,speaking for the first time from apublic platform since his ban ex­p'rcd, said Chief Lutuli had beenacclaimed as the outstanding manof 0111" times because of the strugglein South Africa.

"Times are moving fast inAfrica," he said. "F reedom in ourlifetime is out of date. We mustwork and mobilise as never beforefor freedom in Chief's lifetime."

The chairman of the meeting,MR. M. MSIMANG, said the No­bel Prize Committee, by making itsaward to Chief Lutuli, had high­lighted the principles for which ourliberation movement stands-"fulldemocracy and equality for all menirrespective of colour, true brother­hood and peace."

As the buses and lorries bringinggroups from Dlarnini, Alexandra,Emdeni and Orlando West arrived, 'the new Mandela song could beheard everywhere: "Go on Mandela,keep on whipping. We'll tell youwhen it's enough."

Other speakers included Mr. Y.Putini, Rev. D. C. Thompson andMrs. Ruth Matsoeanc.

"LUTULI CANNOTBOUGHT"

Hooligans Fail ToDisrupt "HonourLutuli" Meeting

JOH ANNES BURG. nious plans of the. Nats to ruin the

AN organised gr~up of hooli~ ~~tt~ha~f t~~e p~~~e~f S~~ptr~~~:~~gans armed with eggs and would not be feIt by the present

protected by the police made generation but by the children.an unsuccessful att emp t to upset "Whi tes must wake up now," she

the Congress of Democr.ats ~~~~"itr ~Isfo~e I~~~C.k ~ d. j~~~e~e~~i~~

HONOUR LUT ULI meetmg have too long believed in the mython the City HaD steps here last of White superiority which the Nats

Our pictures show (left) Mrs. PhiUipa Levy addressing the Jo'burg meeting and (right) some w~~r1Y 20 Hooligans arrived early have been propagating."

of the hoolig3ns who tried to break it up. at the meeting as Mr. Solly Nath ieof the Tra nsvaal India n Congressstepped on to the mak eshift plat­form to address the crowd.Hundreds of Africans, Colour eds,Indians and Whites braved a down­pour to listen to the speakers.

Mr. Elias Pinane, of Mapetla, Mr. Raymond Thoms, of C.O.D.,who jumped up spontaneously to in his opening speech stressed thatchant a traditional heroic praise- Chief Lutuli, and not Verwoerd,song in honour of Chief. was greeted was the true and deserving leaderwith a roa r of acclamation from of South Africa.

MISS LEONORA JACOBS, of the crowd at the end of each line. Tempers Oared as the hooligansthe Coloured People's Congress, began booing and tbr owing eggs,said: " It is not only Chief who is DURBAN tomato es and debris. A section of

fr~~o~~~~~~~~'w~~~ ~~~eaaJ ~. i~~ --- :~~~rf:rwc:~;~o ~to;b~h::~~Eus not forget those who have been Despite the threatening weather, gans from disrupting the meetingbanned and confined because they over 1.,000 people jam-packed the any further. True to type, theystood for freedom and peace." Gandhi Hall, Durban, to hear timidly moved back lat er.

MRS. MABECE, of the S.A. ~~eS~~da~.f the Congress Alliance fo~~~nt~ngb~trri~r~ol~~~~~tii~~d ~~~Women's Federation, pledged the h ), f h d Thsupport of South African women for A.ThHe. mSeaedteinr' g,wofas LadaddyreSSmsel'tdh bYNDICr.,' d~~. ~~~sus~~b: theC~~~g~ as : ~.~~:the ideals for which Chief was being f h h.honoured . ~I~~~ ~~rkajZ~,O~~m~~?;F~~;atf~~~ ~h~~o~o~~~u:~n~~uatliro~o~g: ~~d

MR. ADRIAN LEFTW.ICH. of Mr. George Mbele, Mr. Stephen tomatoes. . .

there couf~i~e s~~~~~~~~ ~fJ;~i~~e~SW~~fl.J)~:.M.:..~. ~a?':rC~~r~:~:s~~~:e~~tion until there was freedom in all only himself but thousands of Afri-spheres in South Africa. The meeting, which had been cans involved in the peaceful libera-

Other speakers included Mrs. E. advert ised to be held in. the open tion movement.Stolt, Mr. M. Ntaba, Adv. D. Mol- air. had to be hastily adjourned to ~n . a passionate speech Mrs,teno, Q.c., of the Progressive Par ty, a hall when a storm threatened. PhllIJpa Levy exposed the Ignoml-Mr. P. Hjul, of the Liberal Party.

~;s'Crvi~h~~~~tsM~~a~~~te~~~~de~~ 1,...- - - - - - ....... --------- -.....,con Wood, of the Anglican Church,Mr. E. Nziba and Mr. Gierdien.

George PeokeConvicted

(Continued from page 1)

said. had done, to settle the racialproblem in the count ry by calling aNational Convention with sovereignrights to draw up a fresh constitu­tion that would enjoy the backingof all the people of this land.

PROF . TERENCE BEARD, ofRhodes University, said the racialunity for which Chief Lutuli stoodwas the only moral solution. Apart­heid was an evil.

be~~ ;i~~~ ~oheChi~~e inawO~I~, ~~~crowd rose and sang.fr dJ son s."We shall lollow Lutuli, Down Witthe Nationalists," they chanted.

CAPE TOWN

Chief Lutuli had always main­tained that freedom was the key topeace, ADV. A. L. SACHS told acrowd of about 4,000 people on theGra nd Parade.

"They are like Siamese twins.You cannot have one without theother. If you hurt the one, you hurtthe other," he said.

Speaking of the threat of violence,he said there had always been VIO­lence in this country-usually di­rected at the people by the Govern­ment. He warned the Governmentthat the people were becoming im­patient. The burden of apartheidwas becoming more than they couldbear.

IMAM HAROUN, a prominentleader of the Moslem community,said: "Chief Lutuli is a true Christ­ian brother and not a hypocrite likeso many others."

MR. THOMAS NGWENYA saidthe people must stand for whatChief had always stood for-free­dom and peace, and reject Verwoerdand all his attitudes and prejudices

CAPE TOWN.In the Magistrate's Court on

Monday, five people-Mrs. LuluPeake. Mrs. Miriam Mohammedand Messrs Howard Lawrence,Isaiah Stein and Owen Human­were found not guilty of interferingwith the police when they were try­ing to arrest Councillor GeorgePeake at a City Hall meeting calledby the Coloured People's Congresson June II.

The magistrate held that since theidentity of the police had not beendisclosed, the accused could not befound guilty of aiding Mr. Peake toresist arrest,

There was evidence, however, thatMr. Peake knew they were police,and the magistrate found him guiltyof resisting arrest. He was remandedto December 21 for sentence.

NEW AGE, THU RSDAY, DECEMBE R 14, 1961

RHODESIA

'5 BENC B ME N­PEOP LE"·

Ado lph E ichm ann, chief arc hitect of the ext erm lna tio n of 6 million Jews by the Nazis,has be en con victed of cri mes against h um anity. For his monstro us a nd inhuman actions he willbe sent enced at the en d of th is week . The evid en ce led a t h is tr ial serves as a timely reminderof where the terr ible roa d of racialism leads. It also ser ves as a re minder of the resurgence ofN azis m in public life in Wes t Germany. Here art' some nf the more flaerant examples of warcrimlnals who now occupy importa nt positions in W est Germany and NATO:In th e West German Cab ine t : Now NATO commander in Ce!1- West G~r~an industrialist today.

DR. HANS GLODKE. State tral ~urone . . Ch i~ f of staff m War. crImInal, ' member of theSecretary and Personal Assistant occupied Paris. chief of nazi 8th NazI. party, ~sed Jews from Au-to Cha ncellor Adenauer. Special- army on the eastern front. In 1942 schwitz for hIS factories , . ,

~i!~~r:e:Js~b~~~~~~i~~, ~i~ ~~~ ~J~~:.dande~~~~~nis~t a~:td~~ ch~'m~~ I~~~a~~fac~~~~po~~fs~~who framed the anti-Semitic Nu- portalton of at least 1.000 more. eas for quick exterminat ion of the

~~s~ur~;:;:~t N~~n thin se~~s~ G~:N~~p~~o~~~~~a"~f~~; ~e~~RMAN J~,S~F ADS: L~~-Germa ny. Germa n Army. Planned invasions me hanker nohtIcI~,!. War cnrm-

TIJEODOR OBERL AENDER , of Belaium, Luxembourg, Holland nal. Hea~ of the VI~IOUS Deutsche

:::i~~~n~~~~~~~. ~i<,\~iniA~~il ~~r 1:~i~s~:viT;ib~~I:I: ~1re~~~~~ ~~~~ f~~~\i~Siiy~~~~i~~o~i~d i~Pf~~19M> : "People of alien blood can- tha t the treatment of the civil c~lm l ~,al policies of the NaZI re-not be allowed the honour of cul- population in the area of opera- grme.tivating German soil." Led po- tions ,, :' gave the. top political • Thy s s ~ n • Mannesmann,grams in Lvov in 1941. and military leader ship a welcome Hoesch, Hamel, Kloeeknere All

GERHARD SCHROEDER opportunit y of carrying out their ton industrialists today. FinancedMinister of the Interior. Joined aim of systematically reduci,?g the Hitler, use~ slave labour, plun-N~zi Party in. 1933 and later Hit- number of S~avs and Jews. ~~r::ec~~~le:~:~~~eJ::~ the

ler. b.f~,:~~~~:e&:~~~ ~i~~rs mi~1 ~;ellie~'~~:t ~G~a~~~ CII~~JE'L~ I~ESOHUA~ A~~~belonged to the N~zi Party . five forces served as .a hl~-rnn.klDg PRIME MINISTER DR. HEN-

=~:t~ ~otO~c:~I~ o~: ::::; w~~~r fG.e:~onazl~in~~t a f~~:~~ ~:l~OWE~R.n'~~rwsp1i!J~~~rG~:~ Generals: Bi;n;':;;~I=S: ~'iR1N~6~tE~F T.pH:EN~~rsI?,

GENE RAL HANS SPEIDEL: ALFR£D KRUPP , leading (SUPREME COURT JUDGE).

EICB M ANNO W "If

BAN 0 NIl

plCTURE ABOVE: JoshuaNkomo, I.eader of. the NDP isseen wavmg to hIS supporters

~E 'pe rm an ent' bann ing o f • At the constitutional conference in Bulawayo at.3 recent NDPthe N ationa l De mocratic held in London in January this mcctm2:.

Party in Southern Rhodesia ~eaasr t~cP~d li~~~e~c~~;n~~ t~~~~~has once and fo r all ex po sed constitutional proposals whereby. t th NDP

, (partnershi~' .for the hollow ~~ ~fg~t~ic:n~ft~~ ~~=~~~tt~f~~~ DU~ing e recent . weeks an all-outsham that It IS, presentation in Parliament to 1::> smear ca~paIgn has been co~-

ThSir~~~e~J:~~~~l a~~r~i~~ge:l. ~~itc:t~l) (~~~S S~~~e~n ~:~~e:si~~ ~~~~~~ ti;; I~~~ it~s1 ~~~iI!~~h~rU~h~l i;fs1n:btid~ t:c

on~~i:;~aiglib~~~~ ~~~~~ f~i~ ~~it ai~h t to indepen- ~;~ins:~~a~~pon~~ts . ~~li~l~h~~~~tion throughout Africa called for comes strangely from the lips ofnew tactics. On the one hand the The new arrangements suited White- the men who have ordered the fullwhites of S. Rhodesia were de- head down to the ground. Not might of .the police and ~rmy tomanding full Dominion status. on only had he won the right to rule be used If necessary against th.ethe other hand the Afr icans of the S. Rhodesia freed from the 'in ter- NO P and who have never hesi-ter ritory were demanding full par- terence' of British public opinion. tate~ to use, force to break upticipation in the government. but also he hoped that because ot African meetings and to shoot

In order.: to blutt: the people i!1 ~~UI~I~~~o~h~ ;J~~e~t ohra ~~~: Th~fr~~"p wh;:e~s~w been banned.~e~o~~~~/~~ ~~::i~~I;h~~~~h~~~ ber of the African M.P.'s and thus But no amount . of banning willNa tional Democratic Party was be able to defeat the Dominion oreve,nt the African. people. from

~~~~~ p~~ici~~n~=;~ v~;V~los;~~ ~=r~ypoti~~~e t~!:~~;~~~ fh~ -;~t~~~~ ~~~~~gfof~r:~;d m~~~ ot~:I\~~:those of the banned ANC and of the whoI.e of the Central AfTI- THE ONLY EFFECT OF THEnearlv all the ND~ leaders had can Federation. ~~~~J~GTH~IL1N~~RTOFE~':held high nositions In the. ~NC. It Desperate attemots have since been BY THE AFRICANS AT THEappeared that the authorities were made to build un the African WAY IN WHICH THEY HAVEgoing to allow the ANC to con- wing of the S.R. United Federal BEEN DECEIVED YET ONCEtmue under a new name. Partv. Thou gh a small number of MORE. AND TO REDU CE TH E

• At the same time steps were middle class Africans have sue- POSSIBILITIES OF THE TRA N-taken to relax the colour bar in Climbed to the temptat ion to join SITt ON TO A DEMOCRATICthe social field to give the appear- the Government Darty. the over- S. RHODESIA (ZIMBABWE)ance that ' partnership ' was diffe- whelming majority of Africans BEING ACCOMPLlSH ED BYrent from apar theid, have demonstrated their allegiance PEACEFUL MEANS.

Because of the im possibility of consti t uti onal agi ta tion, anund erground resi sta nce mo vement developed in Go a, resultingin armed clas hes and sabotage. I

Goans helped by local people succeeded in 1954 in freeing two otherPortuguese enclaves- Dadra and Nagar-Haveli-e-after a brief but sharparmed clash with the sizeable local garr ison.

Also in 1954, Goan satvagrahis (non-violent resisters) marched into II

Goa. Severe repression followed and India severed diplomatic relations ~and imposed economic and travelling restrictions. Again in 1955, Indian 'satyagrahis from all parts of the country, marched into Goa. Twenty­four were shot down on the border by Portuguese troops, who celebratedeach kill with a mug of beer on the spot. Thousands were beaten andtortured for days on end. Nonetheless the satvagrahis were determined tocarry on and would have done so, had not the Government of Indiaimposed a ban on their side of the border.

The underground fighters carri ed on and their activities virtuallyparalysed the administration, ~~ Europea n dared go into the countryWIthout a strong escort. AIl CIties and towns took on a deserted lookafter sunset. Orders were issued by the administration to prohibit everytaxi, bus and ferry from plying aft er sunset anywhere in Goa.

• P ortu guese rule was con fined to well-garrisoned towns andvillages, or at the mos t to r ail and road heads.

The rest of Goa was under the control of the underground revolu­tionaries. The Goan patriots estab lished two underground radio stations- Voz de Liberdade and Azad Goa Radio-to expose Portuguese pro pa-"ganda and keep Goans informed of world events. These stations are stillfunctioning: today in spite of Portuguese vigilance and the untiring huntto unearth and silence them.

(To be concluded next week with: Why India is actina: now)

UNDERGROUND RESISTANCE

"The women who escaped death were I 51 SOUTHERNi'Mi"1iconverted to Christianity and distributedamongst the soldiers"-Albuquerque, 1510

a Moves Again tt guese lyra ny

WAJ~:~~~ ~~~s~~t! I~~~~ ~~~ :~~i~V~E~~COLONY TO LIBERATE ITSELF- AFfER OVER 450YEARS OF PORT UGUESE RU LE.

First conquered by the Po rtuguese 'n avigator ' A lbu qu erquein 1510 by a sk ilful co m bin a tion of int rigue and force of arms,Goa ranks as one of Portugal's oldes t possessions .

In December 1510, Albuquerque wrote to his sovereign in thesewords:

"•. • I then burnt the city and put everything to the sword. For daystogether blood continued flowing in the streets • • • Wherever infidels werecaught and found, no life was spared to them • • • We calculated sixthousand souls the minimum, to have been killed, men and women • • .The women who escaped death were converted to Christianity and distri­buted amona the soldiers •• • It was, my lord, a great deed, well foughtand wcll finished •••n

• Thus Por tug uese rule began a nd thus it has continued,but Goa has never submitted meekly to this conquest. T he Go a nsfo ught ba ck and con tinue fighting today.

There have been over 30 recorded armed revolts in Goa since it wasconquered h'l the Portug uese, an average of one revolt every 15 years.Besides these, there have been numerous constitutional struggles forreform.

Besides Goa, P or tugal ha s two other encl aves in India:Daman and Diu. T he total area is 1,344 square m iles with ap opulation of 637,591 in 1950. Administrati vely th ey form asingle unit, pom pously design a ted " E stad o da India" an d n owcalled part of th e " Overseas P rov ince of Portugal."

Only 2.2"/~ of the population speak Portuguese; 78% are illiterate.(Of the population 60% are Hindus and 36% are Christian.

• After so ma ny yea rs of P or tu guese rule , G oa has rem ainedpoor and un derdeveloped in spite of its fer tile soil and r ichmineral deposits.

Only one third of the 1,1Od is cultivattd and produces not evenone half of the country's requirements in food. It has no industry barringa little bit of recently started mining enterprise, no handicraft worth thename. and no other avenues open for the people to earn their livelihood.

• Ov er one fourt h of the po pulatio n-the young men andwomen of all classes forming its best eleme nts- are com pelledevery year to migra te an d see k the ir live lihood in al1 pa rts ofthe world.

In Bombay City alone. there i~ nearly 20 % of the whole Goanpopulation. The economic life of Goa , by and large, depends on thesavings of its emigrants. Anyone who knows the Reserves in this countrywill recognise the familiar pattern,

Under Sa laz ar, the Por tug uese d icta to r, G oa is todayvir tually an armed camp .

The British, during their rule in India, never allowed more than5,000 Portuguese troops in Goa. Now, after India's independence, thenumber increased from 900 in 1945 to 14,000 by 1954.

A large number of PlDE agents (Portuguese Gestapo) and a strong

~~~~~~'~~~r~t~~~~a~~~e~~:~~~~~:t~I~~~~~~~~~--~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~-worthy soldiers. Besides this, there is a wide network of police spies.

Th is spy-system works out at one go vern ment agent for ev eryseven citi zens of G oa: the whole co un try has bec ome a vastprison house.

There is neither freedom of speech nor freedom of association andnot even social functions can take place without the advance sanction ofthe authorities. The press is. of course, completely gagged and most1ndian paper s are banned. Everything printed-even calendars andwedding invitations-must be submitted in advance to the military censors,

PUPI LS WANT EDBeginning of First Term, 30thJanuary, 1962. Excellent board­ing and lodging facilities avail­able. Classes from Grade I toStd. VI.- English and Afri­kaans. Also expert tuition inArabic, Urdu and Gujerati, bytwo qualified teachers.For full particulars app ly:-The Secretary,

Leslie Educ.uion.il Invtitutc,P.O. BOX 131.

LESLIE, TVL.(Phone No. 39)

(FOR INDI ANS ONLY)

CHIEF LUTULI- man of thepeople-African p.rtriol-e-woi ldstatesman. Lutu li is the first manof Africa to win the Nob el Prize.What sort of man is he? "H oWlong will the white man take ad­vantage of our docility'!" he ha sasked.

Prices 10 cents (one sh ill in~)

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TSOA NELO TSA HAO ka tlasaMolao! (THE LAW AND YOUin Soth o.)

Price: 10 cents (one shilling)A 'New Age' Booklet

Send postal orders to New Age,7 Mercantil e Il IlIl SC, 155 l' rc, itlcnL ~t.• J"".20 Chames 13hl~s. • G Bnrrurk St., C.llle T' ,wn.~o Court Chnmhers, 12:1Audcrley f\lrclt, 1'.)rt

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Photographer11, Planta tion Roa d, Garde ns

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Plein Streets), Joha nnesburg.Please note Cha nge of Address

20% Reduction to AfricansPho ne 22-3834

Food ackersOn Strike

CAPE TOWN.About 25 workers employed a~

Ioo d packers at Victory Mills inWorcester went on strike onT uesday morning to enfo rce theirdemands for higher wages and im­proved working condi tions.

Applica tion 10 the Minister ofLabour for a conciliat ion board hadbeen turned down. and after going

I--- - --- - - - I throllgh all the formalities as re­qu ired by the Industrial Concilia­tion Act, the workers decided tostrike. The worker > earn aboutR2.50 a week,

The strike committee has issuedan appeal to other worker s not tobreak the strike by taking thei rplace", at the mill.

Indian YouthDemonstrateAt School

NEW AGE, THURSDAY, DECEM BER 14, 1961

on't Want Education

CCEPT HAAD R"

CPC BRANCH REPLIES TO VORSTER

They

"

MASERU.pOLITICAL circles in Basu­

roland are indignant at anew proclamat ion issued by theHigh Commissioner givingmagistra tes the discretion torefuse bail at the end of prepa­ratory examina tions.

The pro clamation, which wasissued on Decem ber 8 from theHigh Com missioner's office in Mba ­bane, Swaziland, takes the form ofan amendment to the existing lawsrelating to criminal procedure inBasutoland.

Under the new Basutoland consti­tution, the High Commissioner issupposed to table all proposed new

SOllie of the youngsters who took part in the ant i-ap artheid demonstration at a Durban school last week, ~~~~ ?~fo~at~~~ r;,.~t~ha~ r;o~l~i~within his own juris diction. He hasthe right, however, if he considersthe situation urgent , to issue a pro­clama tion first a nd refer it to the I - - - - ----- ­Natio nal Council at a later stage.

The Basutoland National Councilhas not been informed of the newlaw, and the High Co mmissioner has

DURBAN. therefore relied on this emergencyMBABANE (Swaziland). people to open the Mbabane mar- clause.

T HE Mbabane market sellers ~~~ tS~~a~~~d s~~~ ~a:s:~~s ~o~~~~; 'U~~nme~~~~ OfC~~~r~:talw~~~ ~h:?preparat ory examination in

held a protest meeting here ~~~htaleseol~rr:~~hl~~e a~fallhether ~~~~~~trati~~eatf~~ i~~n~al Psl;~:~~ ;1~icahpg:~r~n~~~ia~1Ie:~t10l~: a~~~ie~~recently against the capturing "Hew do they expect us to do day at the Clairwood High School from the recent distur bances in Ma­of their market by South Afri- any business when the people go to last week. seru is expected to end sometimecan farmers. huv from farmers? ' she added. Th.e demonstration , which w~s this week..

.-;---'f'--'olt"-~-.-rr""""--w'~i.Jr.p~de,J.a·~ _··S9P1eJq,t~ us. mUllt-r~:lns~~~h;r~c~f~~l,;~tr._~~ m~t is.beh~ved t~a\~~e~~hvt:~~~come on toot f i oin many "miles Naidu who had invited the Rector purpose of enabl ing the au thori t iesaway in order to sell at this market. of the Indian Tribal College Dr. to cont inue to ho ld Mosianc and hi..But at the end of the day we leave Olivier, 3'i a guest at the meeting. co-accu sed in jail if they arc com-without having sold anything, yet Later both the youths were re- mitted for trial.we are expected to pay the 4 cents leased af ter their names and Far from strengthening the handmarket fee." He concluded that the addresses had been taken down. of the autho rities, this new procla -Republic farmers should be stopped In a statement to New Age, the mation is expected to strike 3or they should selI directly to them demonstrators said: powerful blow aga inst the new can­so that they could sell the vege- ' 'The demonstration is in ternn stitution and st rengthen the demandtables at a reasonable price to the of our decision to educate our peo- amongst the peop le for completelocal people. pic in the strugg le of non-co-oper a- independence NO W.

A resolution was passed and tion, We don't want to have any- I - - --- - ---- Ihanded to the Co mmissioner, who th in~ to do with the Apartheidsaid in explanation that the permits University and Indian teachers as All kinds of Pho tographic Workwere gran ted to the farmers by rnis- well as the Indian community must undertaken by

~~~~Idd~f~~g t:~fr ~~~~hIY a;e~mh~ ~~~~ ~:th~~;k~o t:~ :~e~~os: ;uh~ E L I WEI N B ERGMrs. Dlamini was one of the first when they expired. cess,"

Swaziland'To Withdraw PermitsFrom S. A. Formers

~Th e- m :lrk e t peo p c a egc tat eSouth African farmers brought vcge­tables from the Republic in their10 1ries and sold them in the Euro ­pean suburbs after obtaini ng per­rnits from the, Govern ment, thusel.minating the Mbabane peoplefrom their own market.

One of the speakers, Mrs. IdaDlarnini, said: "There are widowsand very poor people among uswho depend entirely on what we sellon this market. But when farme rsfrom the Republic come and takeour business away from us howshall we live?"

gress movement amo ng the Col­oured community, part icularly sincethe May stay-at-home when thou­sands of Co loured people answeredthe CPC call to support the anti­Republic demonstrations. Since thenfive leading members of the execu­tive, including Mr. La Guma andMr. Desai, have been banned fromattending gatherings for the nextfive years. The other members areCllr. George Peake, Mr. Tofie Bar­dien and Mr. Reg September, theCl'C General Secretary. Mr. Desaiis also confined to the magisterialdistricts of Cape Town a nd Wyn­benz.

Many members of the CPC havealso been arres ted in connectionwith various demonstrations overthe past months , and restr ictionsplaced upo n them under their bailconditions.

3 More ArrestedUnder UnlawfulOrganisations

ActRATES

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