I. CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONS A. Density and Abundance – Abundance refers to the number of...
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Transcript of I. CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONS A. Density and Abundance – Abundance refers to the number of...
![Page 1: I. CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONS A. Density and Abundance – Abundance refers to the number of individuals, N. – Density refers to the number of individuals.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062305/5697bfab1a28abf838c9ad05/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
I. CHARACTERISTICS OF I. CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONSPOPULATIONS
A. Density and Abundance– Abundance refers to the number of
individuals, N.
– Density refers to the number of individuals per unit area
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I. CHARACTERISTICS OF I. CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONSPOPULATIONS
A. Density and Abundance– Relation to body size
Mass (g)
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
De
ns
ity
(#
/sq
km
)
10-1
100
101
102
103
104
D = 16,982M-3/4
Source: Damuth (1981, Nature 290:699)
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I. CHARACTERISTICS OF I. CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONSPOPULATIONS
A. Density and Abundance
large species occur at lower densities
relationship exists with metabolic rate:
3/ 416,982D W
3 3 3 304 4 4 4 x RMR D W W W W
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I. CHARACTERISTICS OF I. CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONSPOPULATIONS
A. Density and Abundance
B. Vital Rates– Fertility rate
– Mortality rate
– Immigration rate
– Emigration rate
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I. CHARACTERISTICS OF I. CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONSPOPULATIONS
A. Density and Abundance
B. Vital Rates
C. Age Structure – proportion of individuals of various
ages
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I. CHARACTERISTICS OF I. CHARACTERISTICS OF POPULATIONSPOPULATIONS
A. Density and Abundance
B. Vital Rates
C. Age Structure
D. Sex Ratio – ratio of males to females
– example 60:40
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II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH
A. Growth in a Constant Environment with Unlimited Resources– population doubles monthly
– N after 4 months = ?
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II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH
A. Growth in a Constant Environment with Unlimited Resources
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II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH
Geometric model:
Time (month)
0 1 2 3 4
N
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
Nt = N0t
= 2 = finite rate of change
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II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH
Exponential model:
Time (month)
0 1 2 3 4
N
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
Nt = N0ert
r = ln() = instantaneous rate of change
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II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH
Growth rate is independent of N
Time (month)
0 1 2 3 4
N
1
10
100
1
10
100
Nt = N0t
= 2, r = ln(2) = 0.69
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II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH
– Intrinsic rate of increase
Mass (g)
100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107
r m
10-2
10-1
100
101
rm = 18M-0.36
Source: Caughley and Sinclair(1994, Wildlife ecology and management)
Herbivorous Mammals
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II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH
B. The Importance of Considering Environmental Variation– Red deer and spring temperature
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II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH
B. The Importance of Considering Environmental Variation– Cotton rats on the northern fringe
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II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT II. DENSITY-INDEPENDENT POPULATION GROWTHPOPULATION GROWTH
B. Importance of Environmental VariationSpecies Spring Captures
Cotton rats 22%
Prairie voles 99%
White-footed mice 83%
Deer mice 80%
Harvest mice 66%