òi 61-;1Kaneko, S. and T, Toyota(2011) “L ong-term urbanization and land s ubsidence in Asian...
Transcript of òi 61-;1Kaneko, S. and T, Toyota(2011) “L ong-term urbanization and land s ubsidence in Asian...
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PSIR D:Driving Forces ( )P:Pressure ( ) S:State I:Impacts R:Responses 5
Karen Ann B. Jago-on and Shinji Kaneko (2008) “Long-term urban growth and water demand in Asian mega-cities” From Headwaters to the Ocean,Hydrological Changes and Watershed Management, pp.483-489. Karen Ann Bianet Jago-on, Shinji Kaneko, Ryo Fujikura, Akimasa Fujiwara, Tsuyoshi Imai, Toru Matsumoto, Junyi Zhang, Hiroki Tanikawa, Katsuya Tanaka, Backjin Lee, Makoto Taniguchi. “Urbanization and subsurface environmental issues: An attempt at DPSIR model application in Asian cities.”Science of the Total Environment, vol.407, pp.3089-3104. Kaneko, S. and T, Toyota(2011) “Long-term urbanization and land subsidence in Asian megacities: An indicators system approach”, Groundwater and Subsurface Environment, Springer.(in press)
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
Cumulativeland subsidence
(m)
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
Income level(G.K. int. 1990 $)
0
5
10
15
1900
1950
2000
Population (million)
40-60% 20-40% <20%
Domestic Industrial Domestic
>60%
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Groundwater level(m)
(1) Change in water demand
(2) Change in water supply source (Groundwater dependence)
Recognition
Early urbanizationon Aggravated period Reformm
1916
1961
1975
(3) Response to land subsidence
Regulation Settlement
Settlement of land subsidence
11960~2000 (Hayashi et al. 2007 )
1913
1950 1960
2 (Hayashi et al. 2007 )
3(Hayashi et al. 2007 )
1 1970(Aichi et al., 2008 )
3
1
A
250m
,1994