HYSPLIT
description
Transcript of HYSPLIT
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HYSPLIT
Glenn Gehring, Technology Specialist IIITribal Air Monitoring Support Center
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Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated
Trajectory model
WHAT??
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I think I’ll call it HYSPLIT
What??
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Who Provides it?• The Air Resources Laboratory (ARL) provides
products related to atmospheric dispersion and air quality including the HYSPLIT model
• ARL was mandated by Congress shortly after WWII to address concerns about pollution transport (nuclear fallout was among the initial concerns)
• ARL is now within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), which also houses the National Weather Service
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What HYSPLIT Does• HYSPLIT is a modeling tool used for computing both
wind trajectories in three dimensions and complex pollutant dispersion, as well as deposition patterns
• It can be used on-line or downloaded and used on your computer
• It can provide short term forecasts for pollutant dispersion, or wind trajectories, using National Weather Service forecast meteorological data
• It can help us predict air quality and explore existing pollution episodes in near-real-time, as well as increase our understanding of past pollution episodes
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Why Do We Use it?• To forecast smoke impacts from proscribed
burns, wildfires or other releases• To assess what might be contributing to high
pollutant concentrations observed on our monitors
• To assess transport patterns• To assess day/night/seasonal differences• To assess monitoring networks • And, more
But Mainly
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To Find Out Where is it Going
Proscribed burn
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And Where it Came From
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How Does it Work?
Some day I’ll tell you. But right now my name isn’t Dr. Glenn and I don’t have a clue. Lets focus on how it is used.
(Okay, maybe I have a clue but not detailed knowledge of the algorithms and such)
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If You Want Details, They’re There
http://www.arl.noaa.gov/ready/hysplit4.html
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Some Examples
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Ely Shoshone August 2002 Backward Trajectories(Michael Dalton’s work – monthly trajectory patterns)
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Where did that high concentration come from?
Gas Analyzer Rack
Data Logger
Calibrator
Continuous Particulate
Monitor Control Units
Zero Air Generator
NOy
NOx
SO2
Ozone
Toxics Flow Controller
Continuous Particulate Sensor Unit
Vertical manifold
Tubing for NOy
EPA Protocol Gas
316 Stainless Steel 1/8 inch tubing connects regulator to calibrator
CGA 660? Fitting must match bottle
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First, Some ozone considerations
Source: http://spaceplace.nasa.gov/greenhouse/
Ozone is a Love/Hate
thing
We typically work here and ozone is bad here
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Ozone “precursors,” such as NOx and VOCs are emitted from sources (can be natural sources) and in the presence of sunlight ozone can be generated
Ozone can transport long distances
(insert hot rod beetle emitting leaves)
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Very important chemical reactions related to ozone:
+
𝑁𝑂 2+𝑉𝑂𝐶+→𝑂 3
Nitrogen oxide (NO) reacts with ozone ( driving ozone concentrations down and producing nitrogen dioxide ()
Nitrogen dioxide () can react with VOCs in the presence of sunlight and produce ozone The VOCs can be natural, such as a pine forest, or anthropogenic such as a wood pulp facility or gas station.
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Ozone Diurnal (daily) Patterns
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Cherokee Nation Stilwell Site
90ppb 8-hour ozone
Quapaw Nation83ppb 8-hour ozone
Backward trajectories from two ozone sites on 4/12/2003
Coal fired power plant
Coal fired power plant
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Highest Passive Ozone (24-hour sample)
NOx point sources in
tons per year
emissions
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Quapaw Site on July 22, 2004 – Site’s highest 8-hr Ozone
93 ppb as an 8-hour average
NOx = NO + NO2
Notice NO is flat near zero. This indicates source is probably farther away (NOx is typically mostly NO out the stack).
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Area 8-hr Ozone on July 22, 2004
Saint Louis
Memphis
Quapaw Site
Tulsa
KansasCity
Little Rock
OklahomaCity
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July 22, 2004, 24-hour Backward Trajectories(NOAA Air Resource Laboratory HYSPLIT Model) proportional NOx point source emissions – 2002 EI
Quapaw Site
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Oologah Power Plant 48-hr dispersion(NOAA Air Resource Laboratory HYSPLIT Model)
Quapaw Site
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GRDA Power Plant 48-hr dispersion(NOAA Air Resource Laboratory HYSPLIT Model)
Quapaw Site
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Muskogee Power Plant 48-hr dispersion(NOAA Air Resource Laboratory HYSPLIT Model)
Quapaw Site
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Combined 48-hr dispersion(NOAA Air Resource Laboratory HYSPLIT Model)
Quapaw Site
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Forward Trajectory from 3 Coal-Fired Power Plants on July 22, 2004(only includes endpoints that are less than 10 meters AGL)
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Forward Trajectory from 3 Coal-Fired Power Plants on July 22, 2004(only includes endpoints that are less than 20 meters AGL)
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NE Oklahoma Coal-Fired Power Plant NOx EmissionsSource: EPA AirData (1999 EI)
26.5% of Oklahoma facility NOx emissions are from Muskogee, Mayes and Rogers Counties (1999)
22.9% of Oklahoma facility NOx emissions are from three NE Oklahoma coal-fired power plants (1999)
WIND ROSE PLOT
Station #13968 - TULSA/INT'L ARPT, OK
NORTH
SOUTH
WEST EAST
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Wind Speed (m/s)
> 11.06
8.49 - 11.06
5.40 - 8.49
3.34 - 5.40
1.80 - 3.34
0.51 - 1.80
COMPANY NAMEMODELER
PLOT YEAR-DATE-TIME
1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1992 1991 Mar 1 - Oct 318 AM - 6 PM
DATE
DISPLAY UNIT
CALM WINDSAVG. WIND SPEED
COMMENTS
PROJECT/PLOT NO.ORIENTATION
Direction(blowing from)
WRPLOT View 3.5 by Lakes Environmental Software - www.lakes-environmental.com
Tulsa Ozone Season Wind Rose,Lines Indicate the Direction the Wind Came FROM, and Colors Indicate Wind Speed(1984-1992, March 1 to October 31, from 8 AM to 6 PM)
S
N
EW
2003 Ozone Monitoring Locations (Red Dots)
Most Relevant Winds for Ozone
What if you live here?
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Date/Time is UTC (same as Greenwich Mean Time) and NOT local time
Choose forward or backward
The met database and location (lat long) are chosen in previous screensIn general, a smaller resolution dataset is better (12km is better than 40 km)
Set total run time to 24 hours, or more in some instancesIn a 8-hour ozone BT example you might want to set the UTC time to the end of the 8-hour concentration (remember to convert time), then have it start a new trajectory every hour and stop after 8 trajectories. It will then make a trajectory for each hour in the 8-hour ozone average.
You can start the height of a backward trajectory from the monitor height, say 4-meters agl. For a forward trajectory from a point source you would set the height slightly above the sources stack, if it has one.
Most of these settings can stay at their default settings
Decide if you want a GIS shapefile, and/or a Google Earth file. The trajectory endpoints file will still be there.
If you are using the endpoints file, you can have it dump meteorological data such as mixing height, temp, solar radiation, etc., along the trajectory path for additional analysis.Save the endpoints file as a text file from your browser
Beside each option there is a “Help” button. Please use it.
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Backward trajectories
Elevations of trajectories
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Save text file for GIS integration
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Open Text File in Excel and Modify
Then create feature class in GIS software
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GIS for Air Quality(a TAMS/ITEP Course)
Anyone can learn to use HYSPLIT – Just start
And, feel free to contact me if you want assistance