Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

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Office of Research and Development Full Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change> Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division July 16, 2013 EPA/ORD/NHEERL/NERL Naval Research Laboratory/Stennis Space Center ISS Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO): Application of Space-based Hyperspectral Imagery for the Protection of the Nation’s Coastal Resources Jessica Aukamp USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology Division Donald Cobb USEPA/NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology Division Robyn Conmy USEPA/National Risk Management Research Laboratory/Land Remediation and Pollution Control George Craven USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology Division Richard Gould Naval Research Laboratory/ Bio-optical Physical Processes and Remote Sensing Section James Hagy USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology Division Darryl Keith* USEPA/NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology Division John Lehrter USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology Division Ross Lunetta USEPA/National Exposure Research Laboratory/Environmental Services Division Michael Murrell USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology Division Kenneth Rocha USEPA/NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology Division

description

Darryl Keith, EPA: "Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)." Presented at the 2013 International Space Station Research and Development Conference, http://www.astronautical.org/issrdc/2013.

Transcript of Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Page 1: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division July 16, 2013

EPA/ORD/NHEERL/NERL

Naval Research Laboratory/Stennis Space Center

ISS Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO): Application of Space-based Hyperspectral Imagery for the Protection of

the Nation’s Coastal Resources

Jessica Aukamp USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology DivisionDonald Cobb USEPA/NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology DivisionRobyn Conmy USEPA/National Risk Management Research Laboratory/Land Remediation

and Pollution ControlGeorge Craven USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology DivisionRichard Gould Naval Research Laboratory/ Bio-optical

Physical Processes and Remote Sensing Section

James Hagy USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology DivisionDarryl Keith* USEPA/NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology DivisionJohn Lehrter USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology DivisionRoss Lunetta USEPA/National Exposure Research

Laboratory/Environmental Services DivisionMichael Murrell USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology DivisionKenneth Rocha USEPA/NHEERL/Atlantic Ecology DivisionBlake Schaeffer USEPA/NHEERL/Gulf Ecology Division

*email: [email protected]

Page 2: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 2

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s mandate to protect human health and the environment requires innovative and sustainable solutions for addressing the Nation’s environmental problems.

HICO offers EPA and the environmental monitoring community an unprecedented opportunity to observe changes in coastal and estuarine water quality across a range of spatial scales not possible with field-based monitoring.

Page 3: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 3

What is ocean/estuary color?

Rrs(0+,λ) = Lw (0+,λ)/ Es(0+,λ)

Rrs = remotely sensed reflectance (1/sr)

Lw (0+, λ) = water leaving radiance measured above the air/water interface (W m-2 sr-1),

Es ((0+, λ) = downwelling irradiance measured above the air/water interface (W m-2 sr-1)

Definition of Remotely Sensed Reflectance (Rrs)

Remotely sensed reflectance

Remotely sensed reflectance

Page 4: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 4

Use HICO imagery to develop a novel space-based environmental monitoring system that provides information for the sustainable management of coastal ecosystems.

To demonstrate that water quality information derived from HICO could be incorporated into a prototype smart phone application to disseminate data to managers in the EPA Office of Water.

Program Objectives

Water quality news reports may change the social and economic dynamics for the Nation to not only be aware of its water quality conditions but support sustainable practices to maintain or improve conditions at their favorite recreational areas.

Page 5: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 5

•HICO is intended as a pathfinder for follow-on sensors designed with better resolution and for routine observations of coastal, riverine, and

estuarine waters (Lucke et al., 2011).

•Built on the legacy of the NRL Ocean Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low-Light Spectroscopy (Ocean PHILLS) airborne imagers and funded as an Innovative Naval Prototype by the Office of Naval Research

•January, 2007: HICO selected to fly on the International Space Station (ISS)

•November, 2007: Construction began following the Critical Design Review

•September, 2008: Space-qualified instrument delivered to the DOD Space Test Program for integration and spacecraft-level testing

•April, 2009: Shipped to Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) for launch

•September 10, 2009: HICO launched on JAXA H-II Transfer Vehicle (HTV)

•September 24, 2009: HICO installed on ISS Japanese Module Exposed Facility

Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO).... Intent and a bit of history

Page 6: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 6HICO Viewing Slit

spectrometer

Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean (HICO)

1st spaceborne imaging spectrometer specifically made for the environmental characterization of the coastal ocean from space

HICO is installed in the HICO-RAIDS experiment payload (HREP) on the Japanese Experiment Module - Exposed Facility

camera

Page 7: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 7

To increase scene access frequency+45 to -30 deg Cross-track pointing

Data volume and transmission constraints1 maximumScenes per orbit

Large enough to capture the scale of coastal dynamics

Adequate for scale of selected coastal ocean features

Sensor response to be insensitive to polarization of light from scene

Provides adequate Signal to Noise Ratio after atmospheric removal

Derived from Spectral Range andSpectral Channel Width

Sufficient to resolve spectral features

All water-penetrating wavelengths plus Near Infrared for atmospheric correction

Rationale

~100Number of Spectral

Channels

~50 x 200 kmScene Size

~100 metersGround Sample

Distance at Nadir

< 5%Polarization Sensitivity

> 200 to 1for 5% albedo scene

(10 nm spectral binning)

Signal-to-Noise Ratiofor water-penetrating

wavelengths

5.7 nmSpectral Channel Width

380 to 960 nmSpectral Range

PerformanceParameter

Arnone et al., (2009) HICO for NASA Gulf Workshop

HICO Tech Specs

Page 8: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 8

Program Implementation

Collected 49 images from four estuaries along NW Florida during April 2010 to May 2012 during ISS Expeditions 24 - 31

Pensacola, Choctawhatchee, and St. Andrew Bays are shallow (~4.0 m), microtidal (tidal range ~ 1.0 m) brackish water estuaries. St. Joseph Bay is slightly deeper ( ~8 m) and not influenced by the inflow of fresh water.

Pensacola Bay Choctowhatchee Bay

St. Andrew Bay

St. Joseph

Bay

Page 9: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division

Field Validation Program

Pensacola Bay

Choctawhatchee Bay

St. Joseph Bay

St. Andrew Bay

Sample stations

Green = water quality moorings(chl a, turbidity,

and CDOM)

Yellow = above water radiance,

temp, salinity, and optical properties

Red = same as yellow + discrete water samples

Page 10: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division

Using small boat surveys within each estuary, collected and processed water column profile and above-water

hyperspectral data (Rrs) and water quality samples (Chl a, TSS, CDOM, salinity)

Field Validation Program – Part 1

Attempted to conduct sampling within 1-3 days of an ISS overflight

Laboratory analysisAbove-water radiometryWater column profiling

Page 11: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 11

Field Validation Program – Part 2

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) were deployed concurrently with HICO overpasses by the NRL Stennis Space Center Detachment (NRL/SSC) and the USEPA

Atlantic Ecology Division (AED)

NRL/SSC deployed a Slocum electric glider off of Pensacola Bay along the 15-30 m bathymetric contours which recorded:

temperaturesalinity (conductivity)

chlorophyll and CDOM florescence

SlocumG2 Glider

Designed andmanufactured

by Webb Research

AED deployed a REMUS (Remote Environmental Monitoring Unit) AUV in Pensacola and Choctowhatchee Bays which recorded:

temperaturesalinity (conductivity)

chlorophyll and turbidity at approximately one meter depth

Photo courtesy of Kongsberg Maritime

Page 12: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 12

HICO Image Processing: Optical Components of a Coastal Scene

Multiple light paths

• Scattering due to:– atmosphere– aerosols– water surface– suspended particles– bottom

• Absorption due to:– atmosphere– aerosols– suspended particles– dissolved matter

Page 13: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 13

HICO Image Processing Steps

Processing done with Excelis VIS ENVI 4.7 software

Open HICO Level 1b Image with calibrated TOA at-sensor radiances

Recover true at-sensor radiance valuesStep 2

Step 7

Steps 8 - 9

Create GLT + Geolocate + Warp Images

Step 10Clip estuary shapefile to Warped

image

Step 11 Export clipped Rrs data to EXCEL

CDOM Turbidity

TSM Chl a

Step 3

Step 1

Sun glint correction

Cloud removal (if needed)

Step 5 Convert from W/m2/um/sr to uW/cm2/nm/sr

Step 4

Step 6

Offshore pixel subtraction

Convert at-sensor Reflectance to Remote sensing Reflectance

Convert at-sensor Radiance to Reflectance

Determine Mean Solar Irradiance

(F0)

Determine diffuse transmittance from

sun to pixel (t0)

Page 14: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division

Spectral match-ups between HyperSAS (dotted line) and HICO spectral signature (solid

line).

iss2012016.0116.193730.L1B_PensacolaBay_des.v03.9170.20120117211554.100m.hico.bil

Step 1: Level 1b calibrated radiance Step 4:Offshore pixel subtraction (W/m2/um/sr)

Step 7: Remotely sensed Reflectance (1/sr)

40

5

42

8

45

1

47

4

49

7

52

0

54

3

56

5

58

8

61

1

63

4

65

7

68

0

70

3

72

6

74

9

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010 PB 18: Redfish Cove

Wavelength (nm)

Rrs

(1

/sr)

Page 15: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 15

405

457

508

560

611

663

714

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

PB06: June 2, 2011

Wavelength (nm)

Rrs

(sr

-1)

405

451

497

543

588

634

680

726

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.01 PB 16: June 2, 2011

Wavelength (nm)

Rrs

(sr

-1)

405

451

497

543

588

634

680

726

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008PB 15: June 2, 2011

Wavelength (nm)

Rrs

(sr

-1)

405

451

497

543

588

634

680

726

0

0.001

0.002

0.003

0.004

0.005

0.006

0.007

0.008

0.009

0.01PB04: June 2, 2011

HICO HYPERSASWavelength (nm)

Rrs

(sr

-1)

PB04

PB06

PB16

PB15

Spectral Match-ups

Pensacola Bay, FL

Page 16: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 16

-0.200 -0.150 -0.100 -0.050 0.000 0.050 0.100 0.1500

2

4

6

8

HICO[ (1/Rrs674-1/Rrs703)*Rrs726]

R2 = 0.68

2 4 6 8 10 120

2

4

6

8

10

12

HICO predicted chl a (ug/L)

Mea

sure

d c

hl

a (u

g/L

)

R2 = 0.82RMSE = 1.7 ug/L

Chl a = 19.264 X [a] + 6.614a = [1/Rrs(674) – 1/Rrs(703)]x Rrs(726)

approach of Gitelson et al., 2011

Chl a: indicator of phytoplankton abundance and eutrophication

Page 17: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 17

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

HICO NTU

CT

D N

TU

R2 = 0.67RSME = 0.56

NTUn = 14Turbidity = 2*106 X [Rrs(646)2.7848]

0.00300000000000001 0.008000000000000010.10

1.00

10.00

f(x) = 2331783.96372834 x^2.78476076532569R² = 0.715613659173065

HICO Rrs(646)

Tu

rbid

ity

(N

TU

)

approach of Chen et al., 2007

Turbidity is an indicator of the distribution of total suspended matter in estuaries

Page 18: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 18

Colored Dissolved Organic Matter Absorption: indicator of light attenuation in estuaries

0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.50.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

f(x) = 0.8437835694401 x + 0.1959526392878R² = 0.93145970363541

HICO CDOM absorption M

eas.

CD

OM

ab

sorp

tio

n

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.50.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

f(x) = 0.8425805915041 x − 0.0320406194982R² = 0.604219917664767

HICO Rrs(670)/Rrs(490)

ag(4

12)

(1/

m)

ag412 (m-1) = 0.8426 x [Rrs(670)/Rrs(490)] – 0.032

approach of Bowers et al., 2004

Page 19: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division

HICO/MODIS ComparisonMODIS scene 19:00 GMT, 7 minutes before HICO overpass

Adj R2 = 0.83

HICO scene

Pixels common to both images and used in the match-up

October 28, 2011

HICO and MODIS

image date

Dashed line = HyperSAS Rrs

Dotted line = HICO Rrs at MODIS bandwidths

1:1

Page 20: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 20

Using atmospherically corrected HICO imagery and a comprehensive field validation program, regionally-tuned algorithms were developed to estimate the spatial distribution of chlorophyll a, colored dissolved organic matter, and turbidity for four estuaries along the northwest coast of Florida from April 2010 – May 2012.

Program Summary

The HICO-derived water quality data from this project have been uploaded to a internal EPA HICO website for review and use by the EPA Office of Water and a prototype mobile application has been completed.

Page 21: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 21

Conclusions

HICO helped us to show that it is possible for a hyperspectral space-based sensor to produce products that meet the needs of EPA.

While the potential benefits are many, there are several issues that must be resolved before HICO images and data can be incorporated into routine monitoring programs of EPA

• HICO is currently limited to only one image per orbit.

• ISS overpass times are difficult to precisely predict. These uncertainties led to the rescheduling of planned image acquisitions which at times impacted the effective deployment of crews for field validation activities.

HICO has the potential to be a valuable monitoring tool, if transitioned to a constellation of sensors.

Page 22: Hyperspectral Imager for Coastal Ocean Imagery & Ocean Protection (HICO)

Office of Research and DevelopmentFull Name of Lab, Center, Office, Division or Staff goes here. <Go to View, Master, Slide Master to change>Office of Research and DevelopmentNational Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory/ Atlantic Ecology Division 22

Special Thanks to:

Crews on ISS Expeditions 24 - 31 Naval Research Laboratory Remote Sensing Division

Oregon State UniversityNASA ISS Program

American Astronautical Societyand

EPA Office of Research and DevelopmentEPA Pathfinder Innovation Program (Grant 2011)

EPA Safe and Sustainable Waters Research Program