Hydrosphere: Water Distribution
Transcript of Hydrosphere: Water Distribution
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Hydrosphere: Water
Distribution
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1.Think About It…
Why is it that the water in your
bottle could have been drunk by
George Washington?
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2. The Hydrosphere: An
Overview…The hydrosphere is…
• ALL the water
on/in/over Earth’s
surface
• (Groundwater,
rivers, lakes,
oceans, clouds) http://www.earthview.pair.com/earth300color.jpg
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3. The Hydrosphere: An
Overview…
• You must write 2
notes from the
video.• https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=IPWWojtt3kU
http://www.earthview.pair.com/earth300color.jpg
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4. The Structure of Hydrosphere
● Oceans—
about 97% of
water found
here.
Landmasses—
3% of water found
here.
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5. Of the Freshwater on Earth…
90% is in the form of
polar ice caps and
glaciers.
http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/
Alaska’s Glacier Bay
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6. Of the Freshwater on Earth…
Most of the
remaining 10% is
groundwater.
http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/
Alaska’s Glacier Bay
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7. Of the Freshwater on Earth…
Only a small fraction
is in rivers, streams,
and lakes.
http://adventure.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/trips/family-trips/glacier-bay-alaska/
Alaska’s Glacier Bay
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8. The World’s Water Supply…• Oceans – 97.2% - thousands of years
• Ice caps and glaciers – 2.15% - tens
of thousands of years
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9. The World’s Water Supply…• Groundwater - .31% - hundreds to
thousands of years
• Lakes - .009% - tens of years
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10. The World’s Water Supply…
• Atmosphere - .001% - nine days!
• Rivers and streams - .0001% - two
weeks
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11. The Water Cycle…The Water Cycle…
http://www.euwfd.com/html/hydrological_cycle.html
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12. Watersheds and Stream
Systems…
A stream is runoff water that begins to
flow more permanently in a channel.
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13. Watersheds and Stream
Systems…
1. A large stream is called a river.
2. The smaller streams that feed into it
are called tributaries
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The Rivers of North Carolina…
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14. Fresh Water Locations
Surface Water
● What is the difference between a
watershed and a river basin?
● Both terms describe land that
drains into a river, stream or lake
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15. Fresh Water Locations
Surface Water
● River Basin: the term used to
describe an area that drains into
a large river
● Watershed: the term used to
describe an area that drains into
a smaller river or stream
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North Carolina Watersheds…
http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/maps/nc/Watersheds-NC-map.jpg
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North Carolina River Basins
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16. Watersheds
The watershed of the Mississippi River is
the largest watershed in North America!
http://www.epa.gov/gmpo/lmrsbc/index.html
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17.
● Larger river basins are made up of
many interconnected watersheds
● Example: Cape Fear and Neuse
River Basins are made of many
small watersheds
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18.
● The water in a watershed runs to
the lowest point—a river, stream,
lake, or ocean
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19. Rivers
● What is a river?
● A large channel along which water is
continually flowing down a slope—
made of many streams that come
together
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20. Streams
● What is a stream?
● A small channel along which
water is continually flowing
down a slope—made of small
gullies
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21. Lakes
● What is a lake?
● A body of water of
considerable size contained
on a body of land
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22. Groundwater
● What is groundwater?
● The water found in cracks and
pores in sand, gravel and rocks
below the earth’s surface
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23. Groundwater
● What is an aquifer?
● An underground storage area of water
made of permeable rock
● Water has less pollutants
because they are filtered out by
rocks and soil
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24. How water moves
underground
● Where does groundwater
come from?
● Precipitation! Precipitation
can evaporate, run off the
surface or soak into the
underground.
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25. How water moves
underground
● Where does groundwater
come from?
● Water trickles down
between particles of soil
and through cracks and
spaces in layers of rock.
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26. Effects of different materials.
● What are permeable
materials?
● Materials that are full of
tiny, connected air
spaces, that water can
seep through.
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27. Effects of different materials.
● What are impermeable
materials?
● Materials such as clay
and granite that water
cannot seep through
easily.
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28. Water Zones
3 Types of water zones
●Unsaturated zone
●Water table
●Saturated zone
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29. Water Zones
●The unsaturated zone is the layers of soil
and rock above the water table that contain
some moisture AND air. They are not
saturated.
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30. Water Zones
●The top of that saturated zone is
called the water table.
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31. Water Zones
●The area of permeable rock or soil
that is totally filled with water is
called the saturated zone.
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Water Zones
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32. Groundwater Storage…
The depth of the water table
varies…
…in swampy areas-
water table is almost
at surface,
…in arid regions -
water table is far
beneath surfaceGreen Swamp, FL
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33. Groundwater Storage…If the water table is
❖ high, it is morelikely to flood.
❖ low, it is lesslikely to flood.
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab.gif
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34. Groundwater Storage…The water table fluctuates (changes) with the seasons and weather conditions because…
❖ it depends on rain to recharge it
http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab.gif
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35. Wells
● A water well is a structure created
in the ground by digging or drilling
accessible groundwater in
underground aquifers.
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36. Wells
● An aquifer is where the
groundwater is stored underground.
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38. Other Surface Waters
● What is a wetland?
● An area where the water
table is at, near or above
the land surface long
enough during the year to
support adapted plant
growth
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39. Other Surface Waters
● What are the types of wetlands?
● Swamps, bogs, and marshes
● Swamp: a wetland dominated
by trees
● Bogs: a wetland dominated
by peat moss
● Marshes: a wetland
dominated by grasses
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The End
THE END