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HP 33 HYDROLOGICAL PROCEDURE

HYDROLOGICAL STANDARD FOR WATER LEVEL STATION

INSTRUMENTATION

DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE MALAYSIA

i

DISCLAIMER

The department or government shall have no liability or responsibility to the user or any other

person or entity with respect to any liability, loss or damage caused or alleged to be caused,

directly or indirectly, by the adaptation and use of the methods and recommendations of this

publication, including but not limited to, any interruption of service, loss of business or

anticipatory profits or consequential damages resulting from the use of this publication.

Opinions expressed in DID publications are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect

those of DID.

Copyright ©2018 by Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID) Malaysia Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia.

Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

HYDROLOGICAL STANDARD FOR WATER LEVEL STATION INSTRUMENTATION. HP 33

(HYDROLOGICAL PROCEDURE ; HP 33)

ISBN 978-983-9304-39-8

1. Hydrological stations--Malaysia.

2. Hydrology--Malaysia.

3. Government publications--Malaysia.

I. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia.

II. Series.

551.5709595

All rights reserved. Text and maps in this publication are the copyright of the Department of

Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia unless otherwise stated and may not be reproduced without

permission.

ii

PREFACE

The Hydrological Procedure (HP) No 33: Hydrological Standard for Water Level Station

Instrumentation sets out guidelines and practices for the installation, operation and maintenance

of equipment and accessories in water level instrumentation in the field of hydrology, enabling

them to carry out their work more efficiently. The detailed description of the theoretical basis and

applications of hydrological methods and techniques are beyond the scope of this guide, although

references to such documentation are provided wherever applicable. It is hoped that this HP will

be used, not only by Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran (JPS) Malaysia, but also by other stakeholders

and agencies involved in water resource management in general, and in water resource

monitoring and assessment in particular.

Menara Teknik was commissioned by the Division of Water Resources and Hydrology to produce

Hydrological Procedure No 33: Hydrological Standard for Water Level Station Instrumentation

through “Development of Hydrological Procedure No. 32: Hydrological Standard for Rainfall

Station Instrumentation, Hydrological Procedure No 33: Hydrological Standard for Water Level

Station Instrumentation and Hydrological Procedure No 35: Hydrological Standard for Water

Quality Station Instrumentation”, contract no. JPS/IP/C/H/06/2016. The HP 32: Hydrological

Standard for Rainfall Station Instrumentation and HP 35: Hydrological Standard for Water Quality

Station Instrumentation were also produced under the same commission.

iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors greatly acknowledge the valuable contribution and feedback from Department of

Irrigation and Drainage (DID) personnel especially the Director of Water Resources Management

and Hydrology, Dato’ Ir. Haji Nor Hisham Bin Mohd. Ghazali, Director of National Flood Forecasting

and Warning Centre (PRABN), Pn. Hajah Paridah Anun Binti Tahir and the staff namely Ir.

Rajaselvam a/l Govindaraju, Ir. Hasanuddin Bin Mohd Ibrahim and En. Hairuy Azmi bin Aziz.

Table of Contents

DISCLAIMER ....................................................................................................................................... i

PREFACE............................................................................................................................................ ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ..................................................................................................................... iii

1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1

2. Review of Existing Water Level Sensor ..................................................................................... 1

Air Bubbler ......................................................................................................................... 1

Radar .................................................................................................................................. 2

Ultrasonic ........................................................................................................................... 3

Pressure Transducer .......................................................................................................... 4

Comparison of Different Types of Sensor .......................................................................... 5

3. Selection of Site ......................................................................................................................... 6

4. Instrumentation ........................................................................................................................ 7

General Specification of Air Bubbler .................................................................................. 7

General Specification of Ultrasonic ................................................................................... 8

General specification of Radar ........................................................................................... 8

General Specification of Pressure Transducer ................................................................... 9

5. Procedures in Selecting Water Level Sensor ........................................................................... 10

Site with Wide River Span ................................................................................................ 10

Site with Vertical River Bank ............................................................................................ 10

Site with Overhead Bridge ............................................................................................... 10

6. Construction of Station ........................................................................................................... 10

Station .............................................................................................................................. 10

Enclosure .......................................................................................................................... 11

Earthing ............................................................................................................................ 12

TN-C System .............................................................................................................. 14

TN-S- System ............................................................................................................. 15

TN-C-S System ........................................................................................................... 15

T-T System ................................................................................................................ 16

IT-System .................................................................................................................. 17

Lightning Protection ......................................................................................................... 17

Conduit ............................................................................................................................. 19

Fencing ............................................................................................................................. 20

Type of fencing ......................................................................................................... 20

Comparison of Type of Fencing ................................................................................ 22

Signboard ......................................................................................................................... 22

7. Installation of Instrument ....................................................................................................... 23

Installation of Air Bubbler................................................................................................ 23

Installation of Radar or Ultrasonic................................................................................... 23

Installation of Wet Transducer ........................................................................................ 24

8. Solar Power Supply System .................................................................................................... 24

9. Telemetry and Communication System ................................................................................. 25

Remote Terminal Unit ..................................................................................................... 25

Communication Instruments ........................................................................................... 27

Radio Communication .............................................................................................. 27

GSM/ EDGE Communication .................................................................................... 28

Satellite Communication .......................................................................................... 28

10. Maintenance of Instruments .............................................................................................. 29

Maintenance of Water Level Sensor............................................................................ 29

Maintenance of Telemetry .......................................................................................... 29

11. Calibration Procedure ......................................................................................................... 30

12. Guidelines for Safety & Health ............................................................................................ 31

Site Tidiness ................................................................................................................. 31

Working at Height ........................................................................................................ 32

General provisions ................................................................................................... 32

Guard rails ................................................................................................................ 32

Protective Equipment .................................................................................................. 32

Safety helmet ........................................................................................................... 32

Footwear .................................................................................................................. 33

Working in a Hot Environment .................................................................................... 33

Working Over/Near Water .......................................................................................... 33

Electrical Hazard .......................................................................................................... 33

Safety procedures in handling electrical equipment ............................................... 34

13. Do’s and Don’ts of Installation and Maintenance of Water Level Equipment ................... 34

Installation of Sensor ................................................................................................... 34

Power Supply System ................................................................................................... 35

Maintenance work ....................................................................................................... 35

Communication ............................................................................................................ 35

14. Summary Sheet.................................................................................................................... 36

15. References ........................................................................................................................... 38

Appendix A: Related Documents from MS ISO 9001: 2015 ..................................................... A1-A5

Appendix B: List of Drawing ..................................................................................................... B1-B7

List of Figures

Figure 1 Typical Station at Elevated Level at Flooding Area (a) and on Ground Level (b)) ............. 11

Figure 2 Illustration of Earthing and Protective Conductor System ............................................... 13

Figure 3 TN-C System ...................................................................................................................... 14

Figure 4 TN-S- System ..................................................................................................................... 15

Figure 5 TN-C-S System ................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 6 TT-System .......................................................................................................................... 16

Figure 7 IT-System ........................................................................................................................... 17

Figure 8 Security Fence ................................................................................................................... 21

Figure 9 Anti-Climb Fence ............................................................................................................... 21

Figure 10 Chain Link Fence ............................................................................................................. 22

List of Table

Table 1 Transducer Rated for Higher Water Level (U.S. Office Of Surface Mining Reclamation And

Enforcement, 2012) .......................................................................................................................... 4

Table 2 Comparison between Different Fencing Types .................................................................. 22

Table 3 Technical Specification of RTU ........................................................................................... 26

Table 4 Summary of Specification of VHF Band .............................................................................. 27

Table 5 Summary of Safety and Health Guidelines ......................................................................... 31

1

1. Introduction

Since decades, JPS has been the national hydrological agency that develops hydrological stations

nationwide to collect and obtain data for water resource assessment, planning, development,

early flood warning and river monitoring purposes. This procedure is used to explain about the

procurement, selection, and installation process of water level sensors and accessories in water

level station.

2. Review of Existing Water Level Sensor

In early days, non-recording water level station consist of stick gauges. The gauges must be read

at least twice daily and recorded manually. Automatic water level instrument mainly consists of

recorder and sensor. Other auxiliary instrument includes power supply and surge protection

devices. Electronic data logger is widely used to record water level parameter. These data logger

are available in the market and their specification are general suitable for JPS usage. Water level

sensor are connected to data logger as to make a complete water level recording instrument.

A water level sensor is a device used to measure water level in streams and convert it into

electrical signal. The signal will then be sent to data logger or remote terminal unit (RTU) to log as

water level reading. There are four types of water level sensor used in the data collection system,

which are the air bubbler water level sensor, ultrasonic water level sensor, radar water level

sensor and pressure transducer.

Air Bubbler

Air bubbler system contains no moving parts, making it suitable to measure the level of

sewage, drainage water, sewage sludge, night soil, or water with suspended solids. The only

part of the sensor that comes in contact with the liquid is the bubble tube, which is

chemically compatible with the material which level is to be measured. Since the

measurement point has no electrical component, the technique is a good choice for

“hazardous areas”. The system control can be located safely away, with pneumatic

plumbing separating hazard from the safe area.

Air bubbler system is good for open tank at atmospheric pressure and is built so that the

high-pressure air is routed through a bypass valve to dislodge solids that clog the bubble

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tube. The technique is inherently “self-cleaning”. It is recommended for liquid level

measurement because the ultrasonic, float or microwave techniques are unreliable.

The bubbler unit functions using an integrated mini-compressor with storage tank where

air is directed via a proportioning valve and the pressure transmission pipe is placed into

the water. The pressure within the pipe corresponds to the water column (h) static pressure

above the outlet orifice and thus serves as quantifiable variable for the level position. This

water column static pressure is transmitted to a high precision, temperature compensated

pressure sensor. In the case of water level fluctuation, the pressure sensor sends change of

output signal. This output signal, depending on the instrument type will be recorded on a

data logger or transferred to an electronic servo motor, which moves the connected writing

device to the corresponding, actual water level.

A significant advantage of using gas bubblers is that the sensor itself can be located quite a

distance from the water body therefore circumventing any damage or loss which may occur

during peak flow event. Only the orifice line is at risk and this is easily replaced at minimal

cost.

Radar

Microwave (also described as RADAR) will penetrate temperature and vapour layer that

may affect for other techniques, such as ultrasonic. Microwave is electromagnetic energy

and therefore it does not require air molecules in energy transmission, making them useful

in vacuum. As electromagnetic energy, microwave is reflected with high conductive objects

such as metal and water. Alternately, they are absorbed by ‘low dielectric’ or insulating

mediums such as plastics, glass, paper, powders, food stuffs and other solids, in various

degrees.

Microwave sensor is executed in many techniques. Two signal processing techniques are

applied, each has its own advantages; pulsed or time-domain reflectometry (TDR) which is

a time measurement of flight divided by the speed of light, similar to ultrasonic level sensor,

and Doppler system that employs FMCW techniques.

Just like the ultrasonic level sensor, microwave sensor is executed at various frequencies,

from 1 to 60 GHz. In general, the higher the frequency, the more accurate and costly it is.

Microwave is executed via guided or non-contact technique. The former is done by

3

monitoring a microwave signal that is transmitted through free space (including vacuum)

and its reflection or can be executed as a “radar on a wire” technique, which is known as

guided wave radar or guided microwave radar. For the latter, performance improves in

powder form and low dielectric media that are not good reflector in electromagnetic energy

transmission through void space (as in non-contact microwave sensor). But with the guided

technique, mechanical constraint does exist, like having a probe in the vessel, thus affecting

capacitance (RF) technique as mentioned previously by having a probe in the vessel.

Ultrasonic

Ultrasonic level sensor is used for non-contact level sensing of highly viscous liquids and

bulk solids. It is also used in water treatment for pump control and open channel flow

measurement. The sensor emits high frequency (20 to 200 kHz) acoustic wave, that is

reflected back to and detected by the emitting transducer. Ultrasonic level sensor is also

affected by the changing speed of sound, due to moisture, temperature, and pressure.

Correction can be applied to the level measurement to improve measurement accuracy.

Turbulence, foam, steam, chemical mist (vapour), and change in the concentration of the

process material also affect the ultrasonic sensor response. Turbulence and foam prevent

sound wave from being reflected to the sensor; steam and chemical mist and vapour distort

or absorb the sound wave; and variation in concentration changes the energy amount in

the sound wave that is reflected back to the sensor. Stilling wells and wave guides are used

to prevent errors caused by these factors.

Proper transducer mounting is required to ensure best response in sound reflected. In

addition, hopper, bin, or tank should be free from obstacles such as weldments, brackets,

or ladders to minimise false return that results in erroneous response, although most

modern systems have “intelligent” echo processing to make engineering change

unnecessary, except when an intrusion blocks the transducer “line of sight” to the target.

Since the ultrasonic transducer is used in transmitting and receiving the acoustic energy, it

is subjected to a period of mechanical vibration known as “ringing”. This vibration must

attenuate (stop) prior to the echoed signal processing. The net result is a distance from the

transducer face, which is blind and cannot detect an object. It is known as the “blanking

zone”, typically 150mm – 1m, depending on the transducer range.

4

The electronic signal processing circuitry is required to make the ultrasonic sensor an

intelligent device. Ultrasonic sensor is designed to provide point level control, continuous

monitoring or both. Due to the presence of a microprocessor and low power consumption,

serial communication can take place to other computing devices, making it a good

technique to adjust calibration and filter the sensor signal, remote wireless monitoring or

plant network communication.

Pressure Transducer

One of the cost-effective tools for a hydrologist is a pressure transducer with data logging

capabilities. The instrument permits the collection of huge amount of water level data, with

minimal time and effort. Pressure transducer measures ambient pressure which is

convertible to the height of the water over the transducer, when it is used in water. Water

level in monitoring well is recorded over an extended time period using the instrument.

According to the United States Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement

(2012), it is best to select an instrument with pressure range that fits the range of water

level over the transducer, as you have anticipated (Table 1). If the transducer upper limit is

exceeded, the pressure reading reaches upper limit (plateau) and flattens out. Please note

that if the pressure exceedance is great enough, this may damage the transducer sensor,

thus it needs to be replaced or repaired. Bear in mind, the transducer with higher upper

pressure limit usually has its accuracy and resolution compromised. On top of that, there is

an issue with security. The instrument is expensive and often becomes target for vandalism

or theft. It is recommended to secure the transducer by locking it in steel well casing. If the

transducer cannot be locked inside, it is recommended to have it hidden or camouflaged to

minimise potential harm.

Table 1 Transducer Rated for Higher Water Level (U.S. Office Of Surface Mining Reclamation And Enforcement, 2012)

Transducer Pressure Upper Limit (psi) Maximum Water Level (m)

5 3.5

15 11

20 14

30 21

50 35

100 70

250 176

500 351

5

Comparison of Different Types of Sensor

Type Advantages Disadvantages

Air bubbler

• Installation is by laying the air

tube from recorder to the

mouthpiece

• The air tube may up to 200 m

length or 30 m head.

• Anchoring the mouthpiece at

riverbed or measuring point.

However, installation cost may

be high.

- Accurate measurement in

low flow condition.

- Suitable to be installed in

river with deep slope

elevation

- Accuracy drops in high flow

condition.

- Difficult to maintain nozzle

due to sedimentation

Ultrasonic

• Installation of these sensors

needs mounting and bridge,

jibs and foot-bridge.

• Measuring range may up to 75

m.

- Accurate reading in both

low and high flow

conditions

- No contact with water,

making it easy for

maintenance

- No lightning surge problem

- Susceptible to blockage of

object which will result in

reading error

- Limitations such as

deadband and bean angle,

which require ultrasonic

water level sensor to be

installed at correct position.

- Ultrasonic wave is more

sensitive, which may cause

errors in reading, especially

in water with debris.

- Not suitable to be installed

at area with high elevation

river bank

Radar

• Installation of these sensors

need mounting and bridge, jibs

and footbridge.

• Measuring range may up to 75

m.

- Accurate reading in both

low and high flow

conditions

- No contact, making it easy

for maintenance

- No lightning surge problem

- Susceptible to blockage of

object which will result in

reading error

- Unsuitable to be installed at

area with high elevation

river bank

6

Type Advantages Disadvantages

- Microwave working

principle makes radar

sensor more stable in

measurement than

ultrasonic sensor.

Pressure transducer

• Electronic instrument is

submerged in the water at all

time, hence, this may get harm

from lightning surge.

• Installation by laying up sensor

cable from recorder to sensor

head at riverbed (same as

air/gas bubbler sensor).

- Accurate measurement in

low flow water

- Suitable to be installed in

river with steep slope

elevation

- Less maintenance required

- Accuracy drops in high flow

condition.

- Difficult to maintain as the

sensor body may submerge

in river sedimentation

- Susceptible to lightning

surge problem

3. Selection of Site

The site selected for observation of stage should be according to the purpose of the records being

collected and accessibility of the site. Hydraulic conditions are important in selecting site on

streams, where water levels are used to compute discharge record. Gauges on lakes and reservoirs

are located near their outlet, but sufficiently upstream to avoid the drawdown effect. Good water

level station is important; therefore the following criteria should be considered when selecting

the site;

i. Depending on the river slope, water level station should be located further away from

structures such as bridges. This will ensure no backwater effect to the recorder.

ii. Slightly further away from riverbed to avoid super elevation effect.

iii. Equipment should be above the maximum water level.

iv. The recorder should capture the full range of water level. i.e. during low and high water

levels

v. Water level station should be installed at tidal, mixed and fluvial zone.

7

4. Instrumentation

General specification of different type of water level sensors are as below;

i. Air Bubbler

ii. Ultrasonic

iii. Radar

iv. Pressure Transducer

General Specification of Air Bubbler

Power supply Battery operation / 12 V

Proportioning valve With adjustment, for adjustment and survey of the gas quantity of

respiratory gas flow

Mini-compressor Integrated in the instrument

Air storage tank Maximum of 6 litre

Pressure transmission

pipe

For outer or earth-laying plastic material with 11 mm diameter, 6 mm

inner diameter with maximum length of 300 m protective casing

Damping device

(option)

In case of rough water level (strong wave), we recommend damping

device is used at the end of the pressure transmission pipe

Automatic purging

mechanism (option)

Regular purging of the pressure transmission pipe prevents from silting

resp. mudding up of the outlet orifice. With a rotary switch up to 8

purging intervals (i.e. 6, 12, 24 h, 2, 4, 8, 16 days)

8

General Specification of Ultrasonic

Range 15 m

Frequency 30 kHz - 20GHz

Spread 3 °

Deadband 35 cm

Accuracy Better than ± 1 mm

Cable Shielded, oil-resistant PVC insulation, 12 metre length (maximum of

100 metre with 690010 cable)

Enclosure IP 68, watertight, withstands maximum of 1 bar submersion

General specification of Radar

Range Up to 75 m

Frequency Up to 26 GHz

Spread 12 °

Deadband 40 cm

Accuracy Up to 15 m ± 2 mm

Up to 75 m ± 15 mm

Output 4-20 mA/ SDI-12

Enclosure IP 66

Pressure Range Up to 75 m height

9

General Specification of Pressure Transducer

Pressure range Any range from 20“WC to 360 psi FS, in any units such as psi, Pa, inches

of H20, bar. Absolute or gauge types are available

Proof pressure FS up to 15 psi: 45 psi

FS > 15 psi up to 360 psi: 3 x FS (maximum of 360 psi)

Operating

temperature range

25 to 125 °F (process media)

Compensated

temperature range

25 to 125 °F

Temperature effect ±1.5% total for 25 to 125 °F, > 30 psi FS ± 2% total for 25 to 125 °F, 7 to

30 psi FS, prorated for ranges below 7 psi

Accuracy Combined linearity, hysteresis, and repeatability

Zero and span set

≤ ±0.1% FS (≥ 7 psi FS)

≤ ±0.25% FS (< 7 psi FS)

Long term stability 0.1% FS/year for pressure range > 30 psi FS

Prorated for range below 30 psi FS

Under standard conditions

Supply voltage Lithium battery 3.6V/2Ah, type AA,

LS14500 Saft, battery can be changed on-site

1 battery for a cable length ≤ 325 feet

2 batteries for a cable length > 325 feet

(1000 feet maximum)

Data memory Up to 500,000 measurement values, non-volatile, data remain in the

memory even without battery. Each measurement value is correlated

with time and date.

10

5. Procedures in Selecting Water Level Sensor

Site with Wide River Span

i. For wide river span, bubbler water level sensor is the most suitable.

ii. May use pressure transducer as backup.

Site with Vertical River Bank

i. Ultrasonic level sensor is the most suitable for vertical river bank.

ii. If necessary, two (2) sensors can be installed for back up.

iii. May use bubbler level sensor.

iv. Avoid using pressure transducer as it is prone to lightning surge through water.

Site with Overhead Bridge

i. Ultrasonic or radar level sensor is preferred.

ii. May also use transducer or bubbler level sensor.

6. Construction of Station

Station

At first, the site should be cleared by getting shrubs, grass and overgrowth weeded out.

Then the site should be levelled. The fencing should be constructed according to the

specifications and dimensions shown in Appendix B: List of Drawing; Drawing no:

BSAH/HP33/FEN/01.

There are two types of water level station construction in JPS. They are ground level and

another at elevated level. Figure 1 (a) and (b) show typical station at flooding area and on

ground level respectively.

Advantages of elevated station are

i. Less vandalism

ii. Anything hanging during flood such as logs and twigs will be washed away easily

and do not stuck and damage the housing.

iii. Elevated housing can be built near the river, thus, shorter cable installation

required, hence lesser maintenance.

11

The construction should be done with care, to avoid excavated earth being thrown onto

the levelled site. It is advisable to check the site level once the fencing has been

constructed.

Enclosure

The enclosure should be water resistant with ingress protection of IP65 and complete with

compartment for manual. Also, it needs to be tidied up and maintained in good condition

all times. For future installation, it is recommended that JPS specifies the use of epoxy

coated galvanised enclosures.

Cable gland are used to attach and secure the end of the electrical cable. Cable gland

provides strain relief and connects with suitable cable for which it is designed, including

electrical connection to the armour or braid and lead or aluminium of the cable sheath, if

any. Rubber seal gaskets need to be replaced frequently, to ensure that the enclosure is

insects or small rodents’ proof. Moreover, the wiring inside the enclosure need to be

terminated with suitable ferrule, flexible conduits, cable ties and labelled accordingly.

Finally, the enclosures on-site need to be provided with troubleshooting manuals, such as

wiring diagrams, operation & maintenance manual as well as as-built drawings. All

equipment on site should be labelled accordingly to make the troubleshooting easier. The

enclosure is sealed with JPS logo and marked with “HAK MILIK KERAJAAN MALAYSIA”.

Figure 1 Typical Station at Elevated Level at Flooding Area (a) and on Ground Level (b))

(a)

(b)

12

Earthing

Every building, equipment, power plants, substations and facilities that use electricity

require earth grounding, either directly or through a grounding system. By definition, the

earthing system that is sometimes called ‘earthing’, it means the total set of measures

used to connect electrically conductive part to earth. Figure 2 illustrates the earthing and

protective conductor system. The earthing system is an essential part of power networks

at both high- and low-voltage levels. In this system, we are going to use voltage less than

1 Ω and the installation of Surge Protection Device (SPD) 7 step is necessary for

overvoltage protection. In general, a good earthing system is required to protect station

buildings and installations against lightning, safeguard human and animal life by limiting

touch and step voltage to safe value, rectify operation of the electrical supply network

and ensure good power quality.

The ground system resistance is tested beforehand to provide a concrete proof that the

preliminary design assumption is accurate and the earthing system is adequate and

effective in protecting water level station system. Besides, ground resistance

measurements are to verify the new ground system adequacy and determine ground

potential rise (GPR) in developing protection for power and communication circuits. In

designing an earthing system, the system shall provide low impedance path to ground for

personnel and equipment protection, as well as circuit relaying and it shall withstand and

dissipate repeated fault and surge current.

Overall, the earthing system is essential to complete an electrical path to ground if there

is non-designed or unanticipated above-normal potential current or voltage surge during

operating conditions. Personal injury, death or equipment damage can happen if the

grounding system is not properly designed and installed to guide the potentially

dangerous charge safely to ground. Furthermore, the earthing system under normal

conditions carries no current. It only carries current under abnormal conditions, when an

electrical appliance or equipment is faulty, and becomes a potential shock or fire hazard.

13

Figure 2 Illustration of Earthing and Protective Conductor System

14

In conclusion, it is important for the earthing system at water level station to be inspected,

tested and reviewed periodically, so that all components are protected from hazard or

damage, thus ensuring data collection for water level measurement runs continuously.

BS 7671 lists five types of earthing system: TN-S, TN-C-S, TT, TN-C, and IT.

• T = Earth (from the French word Terre)

• N = Neutral

• S = Separate

• C = Combined

• I = Isolated

TN-C System

• Neutral and protective functions combined in a single conductor in a part of the

system.

• The usual form of a TN-C-S system is as shown (Figure 3), where the supply is TN-C

and the arrangement in the installations is TN-S.

• This type of distribution is also known as protective multiple earthing.

• The supply system PEN conductor is earthed at two or more points and an earth

electrode may be necessary at or near a consumer’s installation.

• All exposed-conductive-parts of an installation are connected via the main earthing

terminal and the neutral consumer’s installation.

Figure 3 TN-C System

15

TN-S- System

• Separate neutral and protective conductors throughout the system (Figure 4).

• The protective conductor (PE) is the metallic covering of the cable supplying the

installation or a separate conductor.

• All exposed-conductive-parts of an installation are connected to this protective

conductor via the main earthing terminal of the installation.

Figure 4 TN-S- System

TN-C-S System

• Neutral and protective functions combined in a single conductor in a part of the

system.

• The usual form of a TN-C-S system is as shown (Figure 5), where the supply is TN-C

and the arrangement in the installations is TN-S.

• This type of distribution is known as protective multiple earthing.

• The supply system PEN conductor is earthed at two or more points and an earth

electrode may be necessary at or near a consumer’s installation.

• All exposed-conductive-parts of an installation are connected via the main earthing

terminal and the neutral terminal, these terminals being linked together.

16

Figure 5 TN-C-S System

T-T System

• All exposed-conductive-parts of an installation are connected to an earth electrode

which is electrically independent of the source earth (Figure 6).

Figure 6 TT-System

17

IT-System

• All exposed-conductive-parts of an installation are connected to an earth electrode

(Figure 7)

• The source is either connected to earth through a deliberately introduced earthing

impedance or is isolated from earth.

Figure 7 IT-System

Lightning Protection

The lightning protection system shall be provided where necessary based on site

condition. It shall include air termination network, down-conductors, joints and bonds,

testing joints, lightning flash counter, earth termination, earth electrodes and accessories

incidental to the whole system (Refer Appendix B: List of Drawing: Drawing No:

BSAH/HP33/ELP/01).

Air termination network shall consist of a network of vertical and horizontal conductors,

as shown in the drawing. Whether shown in the drawings or not, all metallic projections,

chimneys, ducts, gutters, vent pipes, guard rails, aerial masts on or above the main surface

of the roof of the structure shall be bonded to and form part of the air termination

network. Other than air terminal or vertical finial, air termination network shall be of 25

mm x 3 mm annealed copper tape. The method and nature of the fixing shall be simple,

solid and permanent. Air terminal or vertical finial shall be having rounded end and made

of copper. They shall be 300 mm in length and 16 mm diameter with lock nut. Down

18

conductors shall be 25 mm × 3 mm bare annealed copper tape, installed around the walls

outside of the structure.

The lightning protection system should have as few joints as possible. Joints and bonds

shall be mechanically and electrically effective, via copper clamps, welding, soldering or

brazing. Contact surface shall first be cleaned then protected against oxidation with a

noncorrosive compound. Each earth termination shall be connected to a down-conductor.

Earth termination shall be made by 25 mm x 3mm annealed copper tape, connecting the

down conductor at the testing joint to the earth electrodes.

All measuring and test instruments used for lightning protection system installations shall

be regularly tested and calibrated by manufacturers or calibration laboratories, to

preserve their functionality and accuracy at the water level station. This is followed by the

installation of Surge Protection Device (SPD) 7 Steps in the lightning protection system.

SPD is an electrical installation protection component. This device is connected parallel to

the power supply circuit of the load that it has to protect. It is also used at all power supply

network levels. It is the most efficient overvoltage protection. SPD is designed to limit

transient overvoltage of atmospheric origin and divert current wave to earth, to limit the

overvoltage amplitude to a value that is non-hazardous for the electrical installation,

electric switchgear and control gear.

SPD eliminates overvoltage in the following ways;

i. common mode, between phase and neutral or earth;

ii. differential mode, between phase and neutral.

iii. in the event of an overvoltage exceeding the operating threshold, the SPD

conducts the energy to earth, in common mode; and

iv. Distributes the energy to the other live conductors, in differential mode.

SPD is classified into 3 types, namely Type 1, Type 2 and Type 3. The Type 1 SPD is

recommended in service-sector and industrial buildings, protected by a lightning

protection system or meshed cage. It protects electrical installation against direct

lightning stroke. It discharges the lightning back-current from the earth conductor to the

network conductors. Type 1 SPD is characterised by 10/350 µs current wave. The Type 2

SPD is the main protection system for low voltage electrical installation, installed in

electrical switchboard, to prevent the spread of overvoltage in electrical installation and

19

protect the loads. Type 2 SPD is characterised by 8/20 µs current wave, with low discharge

capacity. Therefore, they must be installed as a supplement to Type 2 SPD and in the

vicinity of sensitive load. Type 3 SPD is characterised by a combination of voltage wave

(1.2/50 µs) and current wave (8/20 µs).

International standard IEC 61643-11 Edition 1.0 (03/2011) defines the characteristics and

tests for SPD connected to low voltage distribution system into three characteristics. The

first characteristic is Uc, which is the maximum continuous operating voltage where A.C.

or D.C. voltage is above which the SPD becomes active. This value is according to the rated

voltage and earthing arrangement. Another characteristic is Up, the voltage protection

level (at In). This is the maximum voltage across the SPD terminals when it is active. This

voltage is reached when the current flowing in the SPD equals to in. The voltage protection

level must be lower than the load overvoltage withstand capability. In the event of

lightning stroke, the voltage across the SPD terminals remains lesser than Up. The last one

is In, the nominal discharge current where the peak current value is 8/20 µs waveform,

this is when the SPD can discharge for 15 times.

Conduit

Water level station consist of electrical components connected in a system to operate as

JPS data collection station. This system requires proper wiring and conduit system to make

maintenance work easier, in terms of fault detection and repair. In general, wiring and

conduit system is an electrical distribution connected through wires, which use wiring

conductors inside a room or building with better load control at water level station.

Therefore, PVC conduit wiring is recommended to be installed to connect electrical

instrument and enclosure board (Refer Appendix B: List of Drawing; Drawing No:

BSAH/HP33/EC/01).

In addition, PVC conduit wiring has advantages such as being cheap and easy to install and

customise, strong and durable. In fact, PVC conduit wiring installed on roof or wall is known

as surface conduit wiring. In the conduit wiring system, the conduits should be electrically

continuous and connected to earth at suitable points, in case of steel conduit. The conduit

protects the cables from being bitten by rodents, which will result in short circuit.

In the external wiring system, it is recommended to use GI pipes as protection. External

wiring will cause further damage due to activities such as vandalism, theft and excavation

20

work. To install GI pipe, marking point shall be marked according to designed drawing and

laid underground. In addition, marking signage shall be provided along GI pipe to notify the

existence of wiring line.

For voltage drop in consumer installation, in the absence of any consideration, under

normal service condition, the terminal voltage of any fixed current-using equipment shall

be greater than the lower limit of the equipment standard. The fixed current-using

equipment is not subjected to product standard, thus the terminal voltage shall not impair

the equipment safety. These requirements are satisfied if the voltage drop between the

origin of the installation (usually the supply terminals) and socket-outlet or terminals of the

fixed current-using equipment does not exceed;

Requirements Lighting Other

Uses

Low voltage installations supplied directly from a public low

voltage distribution system

3% 5%

Low voltage installation supplied from private LV supply (*) 6% 8%

A voltage drop greater than the amount stated above is acceptable for a motor during

starting period and equipment with high inrush current, provided that the voltage variation

is verified within the limit specified in the equipment product standard or, in the absence

of product standard, it should be in accordance with the manufacturer recommendations.

Fencing

The type of fencing should be chosen depending on the area. The construction should be

done with care to refrain excavated earth from being thrown onto the levelled site. It is

advisable to check the site level once fencing has been constructed.

Type of fencing

Type of fencing used are:

i. Security fence

ii. Anti-Climb Fence

iii. Chain-link fence

21

Security Fence

Security fence, also known as roll top fence (Figure 8) is a hot dipped galvanised iron

welded mesh panel that provides see-through security, with contemporary design. It has

spacing specification of 50 mm × 150 mm, making the place looks safe and elegant. The

fence is designed with a triangular roll on the top and bottom parts, thus making it

stronger and tougher. With wire thickness of 5 mm and 50 mm × 150 mm spacing, the

roll top fence is very strong, hard to be bent. Hence, this prevents anyone from climbing

over the fence to reach the protected area.

Figure 8 Security Fence

Anti-climb Fence

Anti-climb fence is the heavy duty hot dipped galvanised iron welded mesh panel with

toe and finger proof profile, this provides the highest degree of see-through security.

With spacing specification of 75 mm × 12.5 mm, which makes it impossible for fingers

and toes to go through, this prevents anyone from climbing over the fence to reach the

protected area. The fence is known as anti-cut fence as it is difficult to cut through the

panel with simple hand tools. With wire thickness of 4 mm and 75 mm × 12.5 mm

spacing, intruders can never cut off the fence.

Figure 9 Anti-Climb Fence

22

Chain Link Fence

Chain link fence is the most economical and oldest fence available in the market. The

chain link fence (also referred to as wire netting, wire-mesh fence, chain-wire fence, or

diamond-mesh fence) is made of thick steel wire and has a diamond-shaped pattern,

often galvanised or PVC wire is used for this fence.

Figure 10 Chain Link Fence

Comparison of Type of Fencing

Table 2 shows the comparison between fencings. Different fences are used, depending on

the water level station area.

Table 2 Comparison between Different Fencing Types

Type of Fence Perimeter Size

(w × l × h) (m)

Cost Safety Ease of

Installation

Chain Link 6 × 6 × 1.5 Lowest Lowest Easy

Safety Fence 6 × 6 × 2.1 Moderate Moderate Easy

Anti-climb 6 × 6 × 2.5 Highest Highest Hard

Signboard

General specifications of signboard are as below:

Plate Material : 1300 mm x 1000 mm aluminium plate

Frame Material : 50 mm x 25 mm hollow section mild steel

Pole material : 50 mm diameter mild steel pipe

Reinforcement : 30 mm x 30 mm x 30 mm angle section (anchor)

The detailed drawings and wordings are depicted in Appendix B: List of Drawing; Drawing

No: BSAH/HP33/SB/01.

23

7. Installation of Instrument

Installation of Air Bubbler

Installation of sensor must adhere to but not limited to the following procedures:

1. Ensure the air bubbler water level sensor has been tested by qualified personnel prior

to installation at site.

2. Connect the tubes to the installed sensor and ensure the cable connection and tubing

is according to the manufacturer’s manual.

3. Check the presence of any leakage at each tubing connection using leak detector.

4. Key in the station information and current water level into the sensor for a built-in

logger sensor using computer.

5. Key in the station information and current water level into the data logger for a not

built-in logger sensor using computer.

6. Ensure all instrument is working well before leaving the station.

7. Prepare installation and maintenance report.

Refer Appendix B: List of Drawing; Drawing No: BSAH/HP33/ABPT/01

Installation of Radar or Ultrasonic

Installation of sensor must adhere to but not limited to the following procedures;

1. Ensure the radar or ultrasonic sensor has been tested by qualified personnel prior to

installation at site.

2. Identify measurement and position of structural boom so that the ultrasonic

transmitter has a reliable and precise level measurement.

3. Ensure the ultrasonic sensors that point down are in vertical position against the

water surface.

4. The ultrasonic sensor should be mounted 35 cm from to the highest possible level.

5. Key in the parameters and station information into data logger and ensure the

displayed water level is similar to stick gauge.

6. Test the sensor by placing a 2’ × 2’ plywood under ultrasonic transmitter and record

readings for every 1 metre interval, until 5 metres.

7. Prepare installation and maintenance report.

Refer Appendix B: List of Drawing; Drawing No: BSAH/HP33/USR/01

24

Installation of Wet Transducer

Installation of transducer must adhere to but not limited to the following procedures;

1. Ensure the water level transducer has been tested by qualified personnel prior to

installation at site.

2. Installation of wet transducer water level sensor at river must use 1” GI pipe.

3. Installation of wet transducer water level sensor in well must use 1-2 metre length of

1 ¼ ” GI pipe, attached to the wall of the well.

4. Key in relevant information into the sensor or data logger.

5. Ensure all instrument is working well before leaving the station.

6. Prepare installation and maintenance report.

Refer Appendix B: List of Drawing; Drawing No: BSAH/HP33/USR/01

8. Solar Power Supply System

The calculation of the power consumption for the Hydrological Standard for Water Level Station

Instrumentation is as below;

The total enclosure amp-hour consumption includes the running of these water level sensors; one

(1) air bubbler, one (1) radar, one (1) ultrasonic, one (1) pressure transducer, one (1) enclosure,

one (1) telemetric equipment, and one (1) power supply and related components in the enclosure

= 1.5 amp.

Thus, total power consumption (PC) for 24 hours,

PC = V × AH = 12 × (1.5 x 24 hours) = 12 × 36 = 432 WH

Total power consumption for 24 hours, PT = PC = 432 WH

Total sunshine hours = 4 hours,

Efficiency of solar panel charging = 0.85

Thus, total solar power (100W) required to charge the battery

= (432) / (100 × Sunshine hour × efficiency of solar charging)

= (432 / 340) = 1.27 (value of more than 1)

= 2 pieces of 100 W solar panel

25

From the calculation, it shows that 2 pieces of 100W solar panel are needed to recharge the

battery every day, with around 40% of reserve. This is to make sure that the power is enough

during rainy day.

The calculation to prove that the system is sufficient for 14 non-sunny days.

Thus, the total ampere hour consumption for 24 hours,

AHC = 24 × 1.5 = 36 AH

And total ampere hour consumption for 14 Days,

AH4D = 14 × 36 = 504 AH

6 unit of 100 Ah battery shall be used as power storage and power backup.

Thus, the total ampere hour available from batteries, AHB = 100 x 6 = 600 AH.

Total power reserve available = AHB - AH4 = 600 – 504 = 96 AH

From the calculation, this shows that power consumption is sufficient for 14 non-sunny days, with

6 units of 100 Ah battery as power storage and backup system. The total power reserve available

from the design is 96 Ah, which is around 16% of the total power storage of 600 Ah.

9. Telemetry and Communication System

Remote Terminal Unit

A remote terminal unit (RTU) is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device interface objects in

the physical world to a distributed control system or supervisory control and data acquisition

system (SCA DA) by transmitting telemetry data to the system and/or altering the connected

objects based on control messages received from the system. With the low power consumption

concept, it has been successful in monitoring and control system applications. RTU can directly

interface with most of measuring instrument present on site. Table 3 shows the summarized

general specification of the RTU.

26

Table 3 Technical Specification of RTU

Capability • Long-term data telemetry, data collection, monitoring

and control of Real Time Data Management and

Telemetry System

• Automatic and reliable data logging, alarm reporting and

transmitting of collected telemetry data to Telemetry

Gateway Server

Internal Data Storage Minimum of 125MB

Real-time Clock Yes

Communication

Interfaces

• Ethernet Port

• USB Port

• Host RS232 Port

LCD Display Yes

Power • External Power of 10-24VDC

• Internal Battery

Humidity Up to 70% RH

I/O Module Minimum of 4DI, 2DO, 5AI

Protocols supported Modbus, FTP, HTTP, XML, SMTP, NTP and SDI-12

Bulit-in Software and

Application

• The software shall be built in without no major application

installation is required.

• Easy to configure, interactive interface, able to access live

and historical data.

• The application shall be used to collect, automate and

transmit the data telemetrically with the connected or

built in 3G/GPRS Modem.

27

Communication Instruments

Communication devices modems are important in a telemetry system to transmit data from

on-site RTUs to its master station for data processing, display and archiving purposes. In

general, there are three telecommunication mediums used as the communication media

for the hydrology telemetry system, they are radio communication, GSM/GPRS

communication and satellite communication.

Radio Communication

Radio modem is a modern way to create private radio network (PRN). PRN is used in

industrial critical applications, when real-time data communication is required. Also, radio

modem enables users to be independent of telecommunication or satellite network

operators. Users use licensed frequency, either the UHF or VHF band. VHF band is utilised

as the radio communication channel medium for the telemetry system. Licensed

frequency is reserved for users in certain area, thus ensuring that there is lesser radio

interference from other RF transmitters. The Tait radio modem is used as the radio

communication modem for telemetry systems, using radio VHF communication and the

specification is summarised in Table 4.

Table 4 Summary of Specification of VHF Band

Channels Frequency Ranges Supply Voltage Transmitter Power

4 (Simplex or

semi-duplex)

Channel

Spacing

12.5 kHz

20 kHz

25 kHz

66-88 MHz

136-174 MHz

175-225 MHz

220-270 MHz

330-360 MHz

360-400 MHz

400-470 MHz

450-520 MHz

500-530 MHz

800 MHz: 806-870 MHz Tx

: 851-870 MHz Rx

900 MHz: 896-941 MHz Tx

: 935-941 MHz Rx

13.8 V nominal

10.8-16.0 V

range

25W

22.5W 500-530 MHz

15W 800 MHz, 900

MHz

28

GSM/ EDGE Communication

Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communications, originally Groupe Spécial Mobile, is a

standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to

describe the second generation (2G) digital cellular network technology. Developed to

replace the first generation (1G) analog cellular network, the GSM standard originally

describes a digital, circuit-switched network optimised for full duplex voice telephony. The

standard was expanded over time to include first circuit-switched data transport, then

packet data transport via General Packet Radio Services (GPRS). GPRS is a best-effort

service, implying variable throughput and latency that depend on the number of users

using the service concurrently, as opposed to circuit switching, where quality of service

(QoS) is guaranteed during the connection. The enhanced data rate for GSM Evolution

(EDGE) (also known as Enhanced GPRS (EGPRS), or IMT Single Carrier (IMT-SC), or

Enhanced data rate for Global Evolution) is a digital mobile phone technology that

improves data transmission rate via a backward-compatible extension of GSM. EDGE is a

pre-3G radio technology and is part of ITU’s 3G definition.

Also, EDGE is standardised by 3GPP as part of the GSM family. Through the introduction

of methods such as coding and data transmission, EDGE delivers higher bit-rates per radio

channel, resulting in a threefold increase in capacity and performance as compared to

GSM/GPRS connection. EDGE is used for any packet switched application, such as an

Internet connection.

Satellite Communication

A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to COMSAT) is an artificial satellite

stationed in space for telecommunication purpose. Communications satellite use a variety

of orbits such as geostationary orbit, Molniya orbit, elliptical orbit and low (polar and

nonpolar) Earth orbit. For fixed (point-to-point) service, communication satellite provides

a microwave radio relay technology complementary to that of communication cable.

Satellite internet access is utilised as one of the communication methods in remote areas,

where it is difficult to deploy radio communication or GSM/GPRS communication.

29

10. Maintenance of Instruments

JPS headquarters will assist the state hydrological officer in carrying out the maintenance, repair

or calibration works. The data logger readings should be checked regularly with telemetric

instrument. If any appreciable error occurs between the two reading sets, the cause of error must

be identified and rectified.

Regular maintenance of the water level sensor and all related equipment is essential in collecting

good quality data. Maintenance must comply with following items;

Maintenance of Water Level Sensor

Maintenance of the water level sensing unit must comply with but not limited to the

following items;

1. Record stick gauge reading and compared it with the one RTU

2. Battery reading, air bubbler rate

3. Check gas leakage if any

4. Check the increase and decrease of response from the bubbler unit

5. Check piping/ tubing from the equipment to nozzle at the river, before making a

report or have it repaired

6. Fill up TKUP 5 (refer Appendix A: Related Documents from MS ISO 9001: 2015) for

gas purge water pressure sensing unit or TKUP 10 for wet transducer, ultrasonic or

radar sensot attached in appendix and record date and time the testing is done.

Maintenance of Telemetry

Maintenance of the telemetry unit must comply with but not limited to the following

items;

1. Cleanliness of the overall system

2. Check and compare all readings between sensors and stick gauge

3. Check functionality of transmitter and receiver

4. Antenna should be free from vandalism

5. Check and record reading on the power supply system

6. Check and record the earthing value

7. Check and clean the sensor

8. Fill up TKUP 9 for station with telemetry.

30

11. Calibration Procedure

The purpose of calibration is to provide measurement accuracy. Water level sensor shall be

calibrated as recommended by the manufacturer or as advised, in Malaysia, by an accredited

calibration agency. Water level sensor shall maintain its performance up to the measurement

accuracy. Calibration work must comply with but not limited to the following procedures (MS ISO

2015: BSAH/SPH 4/4);

1 Identify instruments that are still in good condition on site, one (1) month before the

expiry date (5 years).

2 Do maintenance work at site if;

a. Instrument in good condition

i. Fill up UT5 form as attached in appendix.

ii. Submit a form to apply for extension, with TKUP form to the Hydrological

Equipment Section.

iii. Check the application and verify validation in two more years if it meets

the TKUP standard.

b. Instrument does not meet the TKUP standard test

i. Send the instrument to the Hydrological Equipment Section, along with

the BrP form (attached in appendix)

ii. Service and calibrate the instrument at workshop.

3 Master Tool that needs to be calibrated by supplier

a. Send the instrument to the Hydrological Equipment Section.

b. Check the maintenance and calibration report.

i. The result is higher than tolerance value - Fix the instrument and do

maintenance and calibration work.

ii. If it is broken - Suggest for disposal.

4 Scheduled Inspection

i. Label calibrated instrument with “Services and Calibration” sticker.

The label must contain the serial number and calibration date.

31

12. Guidelines for Safety & Health

These guidelines are to protect workers from hazards and eliminate work-related injuries, ill

health, diseases, incidents and deaths. Table 5 summarises the hazard, risk and control during

installation, operation and maintenance works in water level station.

Table 5 Summary of Safety and Health Guidelines

Hazard Risk Control

Working at a

height

Falling • Make planning

• Work at height safety programme

• Wear safety harness

• Comply with the Factories and Machinery

(Safety, Health and Welfare) Regulations, 1970

– Regulation 12.

Insect bite Injury • Wear long sleeves, trousers, and protective

footwear.

Working in a hot

environment

Heat-related illness • Work/rest cycle

• Enough hydration

Work over/near

water

Drowning/ death • Bring lifejackets/ buoyancy aid

Electrical Burns, shocks and

electrocution (death)

• Comply with electrical safety standards

Site Tidiness

i. The site should be kept tidy.

ii. Walkways and stairs should be kept free of slipping and tripping hazards.

iii. Ensure there are no protruding nails on loose or fixed materials.

32

Working at Height

General provisions

i. Ensure that working platform is secure and make sure that it;

(a) will support the weight of workers as well as materials and equipment they are

likely to use or store on it.

(b) is stable and will not overturn.

(c) is footed on stable ground or any support or structure.

ii. Provide guard rails, barriers, at open edges, including floor edges, floor openings, roof

edges and working platform edges.

Guard rails

Guard rails should:

i. be made from strong and rigid material to prevent people from falling and can

withstand other loads placed on them.

ii. be fixed to a structure, or part of a structure that can support them.

iii. include;

(a) a main guard rail of at least 900 mm above any edge, from which people tend

to fall.

(b) a toe board of at least 150 mm height.

(c) a sufficient number of intermediate guard rails or suitable alternatives.

iv. Risk of falling through opening or fragile material (e.g. rooflights) is reduced by

providing appropriate and adequate guard rails or barriers to cover the opening or

material.

Protective Equipment

Employers on construction site need personal protective equipment (PPE) to ensure their safety

and health such as;

Safety helmet

i. Employees should be provided with safety helmets to protect their head from injury

due to falling, flying objects or striking against objects or structures.

ii. Employers should ensure that safety helmets are worn by the employees.

iii. When working at height, a strap should be used to prevent the safety helmets from

falling.

33

Footwear

i. Protective footwear should be worn by workers who are exposed to the risk of injury

of materials being dropped on their feet or nail, or sharp objects penetrating their

sole.

ii. When employees are working in water or wet concrete, they should wear

appropriate boots.

Working in a Hot Environment

Excessive exposure to heat causes a range of heat-related illnesses, such as heat rash, heat

cramp, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. To reduce heat exposure and risk of heat-related

illness while working, practise work/rest cycle, drink water often, and provide an

opportunity for workers to build up tolerance level while working in the heat.

Working Over/Near Water

i. Life jacket/ buoyancy aid should be provided to and worn by workers with risk of

falling into water.

ii. Life jacket/buoyancy aid should conform to BS EN ISO 12402-1, 2, 3 or 4, or

equivalent international standards according to working conditions.

iii. Life jacket should be thoroughly checked by the user prior to use.

Electrical Hazard

Electrical hazard is defined as;

• a dangerous condition where a worker makes electrical contact with energised

equipment or a conductor, and from which the person may sustain injury from shock;

and/or

• the worker may face arc flash burn, thermal burn, or blast injury.

Electricity has the potential to cause serious injury and death. Electrical hazards exist in

contact with the exposed live parts, electrical faults are the source of ignition that initiates

fire or explosion.

The sectors that involves those who perform electrical works on or near energised

electrical equipment, which include electrical installation, use and maintenance of

electrical equipment, they need to be alert of the risks associated to the job.

34

Safety procedures in handling electrical equipment

i. Ensure only licensed or registered electricians carry out electrical work

ii. Switch off electrical supply before working on equipment

iii. Ensure tag out and isolation procedures are in place and used

iv. Ensure electrical equipment is in good working order (testing and tagging)

v. Use battery operated tools rather than main power tool where possible

vi. Remove damaged, unsafe electrical equipment or cords from the workplace

vii. Use residual current devices (or safety switches) with portable equipment (as per

the WHS Regulations)

viii. Don’t overload power sockets. Use power board not double adaptor.

ix. Meet electrical safety standards.

13. Do’s and Don’ts of Installation and Maintenance of Water Level

Equipment

Installation of Sensor

Installation of Sensor Do’s Don’ts

Site with wide river

span

• Use bubbler level sensor

• May use pressure transducer

as backup.

• Do not use ultrasonic type

• Avoid electrical source from

grid line, needs surge

protection.

Site with vertical river

bank

• use ultrasonic type

• If necessary, two (2) sensors

can be installed for backup.

• May use bubbler level sensor.

• Do not use pressure

transducer as it is prone to

lightning surge through

water

Site with overhead

bridge

• Use ultrasonic, radar or

bubbler sensor

-

35

Power Supply System

Item Do’s Don’ts

TNB • Use surge protection

• Must use power faulty detector to monitor

power failure

• Don’t connect to TNB if the surge

protection is faulty.

Solar • Use solar power supply system for water

level station.

-

Maintenance work

Do’s Don’ts

Maintenance work must be carried out by

trained personnel.

Do not go to site to carry out maintenance

work without proper checklist.

Bring checklist and enough spare parts for

maintenance before a trip.

Do not compromise by not changing the

battery as scheduled.

Test the sensor to make sure it is in good

condition.

Do not go to site without understanding site

safety requirement as it may differ from site to

site.

Calibration schedule must be checked timely -

Spare recorder and sensor must be kept at

state office.

-

Data loss must be immediately scrutinised or

retrieved from the second recorder sensor

-

Communication

Do’s Don’ts

Use communication by system provider such

as Telekom, Celcom, Maxis.

Do not use satellite without comparing the bill

with other system providers as it is expensive.

Must study signal strength of the chosen

area before using GSM.

Do not use GSM if the signal at that area is

below than three (3) bars, to prevent data

loss.

36

14. Summary Sheet

1. INTRODUCTION This section describes about the water level

instrumentation standard and its aim.

2. REVIEW OF EXISTING WATER

LEVEL SENSOR

This section review four (4) water level sensors that are

currently used, with the advantages and disadvantages.

The 4 sensors are;

(i) Air bubbler

(ii) Radar

(iii) Ultrasonic

(iv) Pressure transducer

3. SELECTION OF SITE This section explains criteria in selecting suitable site to

place water level station.

4. INSTRUMENTATION This section provides a general specification of type of

water level sensor to be installed.

(i) Air bubbler

(ii) Radar

(iii) Ultrasonic

(iv) Pressure transducer

5. PROCEDURES IN SELECTING

WATER LEVEL SENSORS

This section provides procedure in selecting water level

sensor based on different site conditions.

6. CONTSRUCTION OF STATION This section gives a brief explanation on other items set

up at water level station that include;

(i) Station

(ii) Enclosure

(iii) Earthing

(iv) Lightning Protection

(v) Conduit

(vi) Fencing

(vii) Signboard

37

7. INSTALLATION OF

INSTRUMENT

This section provides information on installation of

different types of water level instrument.

8. SOLAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM This section explains that six (6) units of 100 Ah

batteries used as power storage and backup system are

sufficient for power consumption within 14 non-sunny

days.

9. TELEMETRY AND

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

This section describes the technical specification of

telemetry as well as different communication mediums

such as radio, GSM 3G/4G, and satellite.

10. MAINTENANCE OF

INSTRUMENT

This section provides information on maintenance of

water level instrumentation.

11. CALIBRATION PROCEDURE This section provides information on calibration

procedures of water level instrumentation.

12. SAFETY AND HEALTH

GUIDELINES

This section provides brief guidelines on safety and

health during installation, operation and maintenance

works.

13. DO’S AND DON’TS OF

INSTALLATION AND

MAINTENANCE OF WATER

LEVEL EQUIPMENT

This section provides Do’s and Don’ts during

installation, operation and maintenance works.

38

15. References

1 Department of Irrigation and Drainage - DID (2000). Volume 4 Hydrology and Water

Resource Urban Stormwater Management Manual for Malaysia. Department of Irrigation

and Drainage, Ministry of Agriculture, Malaysia.

2 World Meteorological Organization (2006). Initial Guidance to Obtain Representative

Meteorological Observations at Urban Sites

3 World Meteorological Organization (2014). Guide to Meteorological Instruments and

Methods of Observation

4 U.S. Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (2012). Tips on Water Level

Monitoring with Pressure Transducers and Data Loggers in Hydrologic Testing,

Monitoring, and Investigations.

Appendix A: Related Documents from MS ISO 9001: 2015

No. Title

A1 Borang Tatacara Kerja Ujijalan dan Penyelenggaraan Gas Purge Water Pressure Sensing Unit

(TKUP 5)

A2 Borang Tatacara Kerja Ujijalan dan Penyelenggaraan Wet Transducer/Ultrasonic Water

Level Sensor/Radar (TKUP 10)

A3 Borang Tatacara Kerja Ujijalan dan Penyelenggaraan Telemetrik (TKUP 9)

A4 Borang Ujian dan Tentukuran Water Level Sensor (UT3)

A5 Borang Pembaikan, Servis, Ujian dan Tentukuran Peralatan Hidrologi (BrP)

Jenis Alat : DP / Bubbler Tarikh Lawatan :Nombor Siri : Nombor Stesen :Nama Stesen :

Bil Tatacara Kerja Penyenggaraan Tindakan/CatatanAlat Kerja i. Tool Box ii. leak detector iii. Multimeter

1 Bacaan tolok lurus ( Stick Gauge ) meter

2 Bacaan counter DP / Bubbler meter

3 Bacaan perakam aras air / RTU meter

4 Bacaan shaft encoder meter

5 Voltan bateri VoltsDP- minimum 6 voltBubbler- minimum 12 volt

6 Short circuit current bateri 6 volt Amperes

7 Bacaan Solar Volt

8 Bacaan kapasiti gas dalam tangki psi / Kpa

9 Bacaan output gas ke DP / Bubbler psi / Kpa

10 Bacaan bubble rate Dry Bubble Unit bubble / min

11 Periksa kebocoran pada semua pemyambungan termasuk Gas Regulator, Dry Buble Unit ke DP/Bubbler Baik / Bocor

12 Periksa raising respond dengan menaikkan balance beam dan juga periksa raising cut off switch dengan menekan cut off switch Baik / Tidak Baik

13 Periksa lowering respond dengan menekan balance beam dan juga periksa lowering cut off switch dengan menekan cut off switch Baik / Tidak Baik

14 Periksa tubing dan piping daripada Dry Bubble unit ke sungai Baik / Tidak Baik

TKUP5_Issue03

PRESSURE SENSING UNIT ( TKUP 5 )

SEKSYEN PERALATAN HIDROLOGIBAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SUMBER AIR DAN HIDROLOGI

JABATAN PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

BORANG TATACARA KERJA UJIJALAN DAN PENYENGGARAAN GAS PURGE WATER LEVEL

A1-1

Bil Tatacara Kerja Penyenggaraan Tindakan/Catatan

15 Periksa nozzle dalam sungai Baik / Tidak Baik

16 Buat purging dengan menutup valve Dry Bubble Unit ke DP/Bubbler dan membuka valve merah selama 20 hingga 30 saat. Kemudian tutup semula valve merah Dry Bubble Unit dan buka valve ke DP/Bubbler Baik / Tidak Baik

17 Periksa gearing set antara DP dengan perakam aras air dan shaft encoder Baik / Tidak Baik

18 Periksa semua connectors dan cable ke bateri, solar, perakam dan RTU Baik / Tidak Baik

19 Periksa paparan LCD Baik / Tidak Baik

20 Paparan Tarikh Tarikh Semasa

21 Paparan Masa Waktu Semasa

SAH SEHINGGA

Disemak Oleh :

Tarikh : Tarikh :

Diperiksa Oleh :

TKUP5_Issue03

A1-2

: Tarikh ::

Nama Stesen :No. Stesen :

Bil Tatacara Kerja Penyenggaraan Tindakan/CatatanAlatan Kerja i. Tool Box. ii. Multimeter

1 Bacaan tolok lurus ( Stick Gauge ) meter

2 Bacaan perakam aras air/RTU meter

3 Voltan bateri VoltsTranducer- minimum 12 voltUltrasonic- minimum 12 volt

Global water - min 15 voltRadar -12Volt Amp

5 Bacaan solar Volts

6 Periksa piping dan Tranducer Sensor supaya sentiasa kemas dan bersih dalam sungai atau telaga Baik / Tidak Baik

7 Periksa Ultrasonic Sensor/Radar supaya sentiasa kemas pada attachment boom Baik / Tidak Baik

8 Periksa semua connectors dan cable ke bateri, solar, perakam dan RTU Baik / Tidak Baik

9 Kebersihan stesen Baik / Tidak Baik

:

Tarikh : Tarikh :

Nombor Siri

TKUP10_issue04

WET TRANDUCER/ULTRASONIC WATER LEVEL SENSOR/RADAR ( TKUP 10 )

SEKSYEN PERALATAN HIDROLOGIBAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SUMBER AIR DAN HIDROLOGI

JABATAN PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

BORANG TATACARA KERJA UJIJALAN DAN PENYENGGARAAN

Disemak Oleh :

Jenis Alat

Diperiksa Oleh

A2-1

Tarikh Lawatan : Jenis Stesen : Hujan / Aras Air / Hujan & Aras AirNama Stesen : Pengenalan Stesen ( ID ) :Nama Sungai : Nombor Stesen :

: :

BilAlat kerja i. Tool Box ii.Multimeter iii. Meter Kuasa iv. Earth Tester v. Portable Tipping Bucket Calibrator

A RTU ( Remote Terminal Unit )

1. Jenis RTU 2. Nombor Siri 3. Casing RTU Baik / Tidak Baik4. Keypad/ Touch Skrin Baik / Tidak Baik5. Jenis Paparan LED / LCD Baik / Tidak Baik6. Paparan Tarikh Baik / Tidak Baik7. Paparan Masa Baik / Tidak Baik8. Paparan Hujan mm9. Paparan Aras Air Meter10. Stick Gauge Meter11. Connector dan kabel Baik / Tidak Baik

B Sistem Perhubungan

1. Jenis alat perbubungan ( VHF/GSM/PSTN/GPRS/MESH )2. Nombor Siri 3. TX Frequency mHz4. RX Frequency mHz5. Kuasa TX watts6. Kuasa RX watts7. Pengunaan arus sistem sedia amps8. Pengunaan arus sistem aktif amps9. Ujian suara Baik / Tidak Baik10. Jenis modem 11. Nombor Siri 12. Jenis antenna 13. Bilangan element 14. Jenis kabel 15. Connectors Baik / Tidak Baik16. Impedance antenna ohm17. Jenis tiang 18. Staywire Baik / Tidak Baik

Daerah / Kawasan Nama Stesen Repeater

Tatacara Kerja Penyenggaraan

SEKSYEN PERALATAN HIDROLOGIBAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SUMBER AIR DAN HIDROLOGI

JABATAN PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

BORANG TATACARA KERJA UJIJALAN DAN PENYENGGARAAN TELEMETRIK ( TKUP 9 )

TKUP9_Issue04

Tindakan/Catatan

A3-1

Bil Tatacara Kerja Penyenggaraan

C Sistem Bekalan Kuasa

1. Bekalan kuasa AC Ada / Tiada2. Jenis bateri 3. Bilangan 4. Voltan bateri volt5. Bilangan solar 6. Voltan solar volt7. Solar Charging amps8. Pendawaian Kemas/ Tidak

D Sistem Pembumian ( Earthing )

1. Impedance pembumian ohm2. Arrestor Ada/Tiada

E Sistem Penderia ( Sensor )

1. Jenis rainfall tipping bucket 2. Nombor Siri 3. Tamat tempoh 4. Ujian tipping ( 40-42 Tip )5. Jenis sensor aras air 6. Bacaan sensor aras air Meter7. Nombor Siri 8. Tamat tempoh9. Jenis perakam 10. Tamat tempoh 11.Jenis Encoder12. Bacaan Encoder Meter13. Bekalan kuasa encoder volt14. Stick Gauge meter

F Bangunan Stesen

1. Bagunan / Housing Baik / Tidak Baik2. Keselamatan stesen Baik / Tidak Baik3. Kebersihan stesen Bersih / Kotor

Diperiksa Oleh : Disemak Oleh :

: :

TKUP9_Issue04

Tindakan/Catatan

Tarikh Tarikh :

A3-2

Jenis Alat : Tarikh Ujian Nombor Siri :

:

Bil Perkara Catatan

A WL 3100 /Tentera Udara

1 Paparan LCD : Baik/ Tidak

2 Bateri ( 3.6v) : i) Volt

ii) Volt

3 Scroll Button : Baik/ Tidak

4 Paparan Tarikh :

5 Paparan Masa :

6 Ujian 4-20mA Meter mA Bacaan Sebenar

0 4

5 6.66

10 9.33

15 12

20 14.6

Ketepatan yang di benarkan ± 0.05mA

B Wet Transuser (Range 10 meter)

1 Ujian 4-20mA Meter mA Bacaan Sebenar

0 4

2 7.2

4 10.4

6 13.6

8 16.8

Ketepatan yang di benarkan ± 0.05mA

BORANG UJIAN DAN TENTUKURAN WATER LEVEL SENSOR (UT3 )

SEKSYEN PERALATAN HIDROLOGI BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SUMBER AIR DAN HIDROLOGI

JABATAN PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

UT9_issue03

A4-1

Bil Perkara Catatan

C Wet Transuser (Range 30 meter)

1 Ujian 4-20mA Meter mA Bacaan Sebenar

0 4

5 5.25

10 9.33

15 12

20 14.6

Ketepatan yang di benarkan ± 0.05mA

D PS LIGHT II

1 Paparan LCD Baik/ Tidak

2 Bateri Volt

3 Keypad bacaan water level Baik/Tidak

4 Pump Test Baik/Tidak

5 Ujian 4-20mA Meter mA Bacaan Sebenar

0 4

5 8

10 12

15 16

20 20

Ketepatan yang di benarkan ± 0.05mA

UT9_issue03

A4-2

Bil Perkara Catatan

E Ultrasonic MJK

1 Keypad shuttel Baik/ Tidak

2 Ujian 4-20mA Meter mA Bacaan Sebenar

0 4

1 4.64

2 5.28

3 5.92

Ketepatan yang di benarkan ± 0.05mA

F Ultasonic Senix

1 Ujian 4-20mA Meter mA Bacaan Sebenar

0 4

5 8

10 12

15 16

20 20

Ketepatan yang di benarkan ± 0.05mA

G CBS-ott

1 Pump Test : Baik/ Tidak

2 Ujian 4-20mA Meter mA Bacaan Sebenar

0 4

5 8

10 12

15 16

20 20

Ketepatan yang di benarkan ± 0.05mA

Diuji Oleh : Disemak Oleh

Tarikh : Tarikh

SAH SEHINGGA :

UT9_issue03

A4-3

Bil ( ) Tarikh :

Pengarah Bahagian Pengurusan Sumber Air Dan Hidrologi, Jabatan Pengairan Dan Saliran Malaysia,Km 7 Jalan Ampang.68000 Kuala Lumpur.(U/p Ketua Penolong Pengarah Kanan )

Tarikh dihantar : Melalui :Jenis Alat : No siri :Nama Stesen : No stesen :

Masih diperlukan / dikembalikan ke SPH :

Bil Laporan Kerosakan

Sila akui penerimaan alat tersebut:

Diterima oleh:Nama,Tanda Tangan Dan Cop Jabatan Nama,Tanda Tangan Dan Cop Jabatan

(Diisi oleh pelanggan) Tarikh :

Untuk Kegunaan Seksyen Peralatan Hidrologi: Tarikh :

Bil Butir Kerosakan, Alat Ganti, Pembaikan, Servis, Ujian Dan Tentukuran

Peralatan itu telah :1) Dikembalikan setelah diperbaiki : 2) Diganti dengan : 3) Disimpan distor SPH, BHSA JPS Jalan Ampang KL :

Kos Pembaikan : RMAlatganti: ada / tiadaJangkaan keupayaan alat ___________________ tahunHarga Asal: RM _________________________ bp : Ketua Penolong Pengarah Kanan

Seksyen Peralatan HidrologiPerhatian: Borang ini hendaklah Bahagian Pengurusan Sumber Air Dan Hidrologidiisi dalam (2) dua salinan bagi stiap alat Jabatan Pengairan Dan Saliran Malaysia.

Km 7, Jalan Ampang. 68000 Kuala Lumpur.BrP_Issue03

Hak Negeri/Persekutuan

Pembaikan, Servis, Ujian Dan Tentukuran Peralatan Hidrologi

SEKSYEN PERALATAN HIDROLOGI

BORANG PEMBAIKAN, SERVIS, UJIAN DAN TENTUKURAN PERALATAN HIDROLOGI (BrP)

BAHAGIAN PENGURUSAN SUMBER AIR DAN HIDROLOGIJABATAN PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

A5-1

Appendix B: List of Drawing

NO DRAWING NO DRAWING TITLES

1 BSAH/HP33/USR/01 GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF ULTRASONIC AND RADAR SENSOR

2 BSAH/HP33/ABPT/01 TYPICAL TUBING INSTALLATION FOR AIR BUBBLER AND PRESSURE

TRANSDUCER SENSOR

3 BSAH/HP33/EN/01 TYPICAL COMPACT, INDOOR AND OUTDOOR ENCLOSURES

4 BSAH/HP33/FEN/01 TYPICAL FENCING

5 BSAH/HP33/ELP/01 EARTHING AND LIGHTNING PROTECTION

6 BSAH/HP33/EC/01 ELECTRICAL CONDUIT

7 BSAH/HP33/SB/01 TYPICAL DETAIL OF SIGNBOARD

ULTRASONIC SENSOR OR RADAR SENSOR

4 CORE x 1.5mm

2 x 4mm PVC CABLE

FENCING 5 x 5 FEETCONTROL PANEL/SOLAR POLE

SOLARGROUNDING

RIVER

PEMILIK:

PELAKSANA:

PENGARAH BAHAGIAN:

TIMBALAN PENGARAH:

STATUS LUKISAN

NO. LUKISAN

TAJUK LUKISAN:

PROJEK:

PINDAAN:

HAKCIPTA :

PINDAAN:

Butiran Pindaan T/tangan Tarikh

KESELURUHAN ATAUPUN SEBAHAGIAN LUKISAN YANG TERTERA DALAM PELAN INITIDAK DIBENARKAN DICETAK SEMULA KECUALI DENGAN MENDAPAT KEBENARAN BERTULIS DARIPADA KETUA PENGARAH PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

NOTA AM :

SKALA:

DILUKIS:

DISEMAK :

TARIKH:

DIREKABENTUK:

Solar Bracket dengankecondongan 15

Rumah Stesen

Anchor menggunakan GI paip 1"o ditanamsedalam 1-3m bergantung kepada keadaantanah

Setiap sambungan GI paipmenggunakan unioncoupling

GI paip berdiameter 1" dan Presuretranducer/Bubbler dipasang serentak

Paip ditanam pada kedalaman 1' (~300mm)

Paip utama dan anchor diikat menggunakan U-Clip

Anchor menggunakan GI paip 2"o ditanam sedalam3m didasar sungai

Long bend menghadap downstream

Sensor Pressure tranducer pada hujunglong bend

150mm

Pemasangan Pada Gabion

Anchor ditanambersebelahanunion coupling

PEMILIK:

PELAKSANA:

PENGARAH BAHAGIAN:

TIMBALAN PENGARAH:

STATUS LUKISAN

NO. LUKISAN

TAJUK LUKISAN:

PROJEK:

PINDAAN:

HAKCIPTA :

PINDAAN:

Butiran Pindaan T/tangan Tarikh

KESELURUHAN ATAUPUN SEBAHAGIAN LUKISAN YANG TERTERA DALAM PELAN INITIDAK DIBENARKAN DICETAK SEMULA KECUALI DENGAN MENDAPAT KEBENARAN BERTULIS DARIPADA KETUA PENGARAH PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

NOTA AM :

SKALA:

DILUKIS:

DISEMAK :

TARIKH:

DIREKABENTUK:

SIDE VIEW

1400

500

800

RTU, solar charger

LPU

TRUNKING

INSIDE VIEW

500

600

SENSOR

500

1000

100

compartment

compartment

and other accessories

SIDE VIEW

700

300

400

RTU, solar charger

LPU

TRUNKING

INSIDE VIEW

250

300

SENSOR

250

500

50compartment

compartment

and other accessories

COMPACT TYPE ENCLOSURE

INDOOR / OUTDOOR ENCLOSURE

PEMILIK:

PELAKSANA:

PENGARAH BAHAGIAN:

TIMBALAN PENGARAH:

STATUS LUKISAN

NO. LUKISAN

TAJUK LUKISAN:

PROJEK:

PINDAAN:

HAKCIPTA :

PINDAAN:

Butiran Pindaan T/tangan Tarikh

KESELURUHAN ATAUPUN SEBAHAGIAN LUKISAN YANG TERTERA DALAM PELAN INITIDAK DIBENARKAN DICETAK SEMULA KECUALI DENGAN MENDAPAT KEBENARAN BERTULIS DARIPADA KETUA PENGARAH PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

NOTA AM :

SKALA:

DILUKIS:

DISEMAK :

TARIKH:

DIREKABENTUK:

SIDE VIEWFRONT VIEW

3300 2100

700

6000200020002000

50.8

152.4 114.3

5mmØ

Razor Blade

2" Ø Column

TOP VIEW

6000

6000

500

GROUND LEVELGROUND LEVELGROUND LEVEL

PEMILIK:

PELAKSANA:

PENGARAH BAHAGIAN:

TIMBALAN PENGARAH:

STATUS LUKISAN

NO. LUKISAN

TAJUK LUKISAN:

PROJEK:

PINDAAN:

HAKCIPTA :

PINDAAN:

Butiran Pindaan T/tangan Tarikh

KESELURUHAN ATAUPUN SEBAHAGIAN LUKISAN YANG TERTERA DALAM PELAN INITIDAK DIBENARKAN DICETAK SEMULA KECUALI DENGAN MENDAPAT KEBENARAN BERTULIS DARIPADA KETUA PENGARAH PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

NOTA AM :

SKALA:

DILUKIS:

DISEMAK :

TARIKH:

DIREKABENTUK:

(NOT TO SCALE)

PEAT COPPER TAPE

REQUIRED

16mm DIA. COPPER JACKETED

STEEL CORE RODS OF 1500mm

LENGTH EARTH ELECTRODE

EXOTHERMIC WELDING CONNECTION

PERMANENT LABEL WITH 4.7mm LETTERING

''SAFETY ELECTRICAL CONNECTION. DOT NOT REMOVE'' AND :

1. LIGHTNING PROTECTION

2.MSB

3.MDP

TO SUIT

HEAVY DUTY CONCRETE INSPECTION CHAMBER / PIT

3mm x 25mm COPPER TAPE FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION

3mm X 25mm COPPER TAPE

(CONCEALED IN WALL / COLUMN) COLUMN / WALL

3mm X 25mm COPPER TAPE

(CONCEALED IN WALL / COLUMN)

TEST JOINT

SEE DETAIL 'B'

EARTH CHAMBER FOR EARTHING

SYSTEM / LIGHTNING PROTECTION

PRE-CAST CONCRETE INSPECTION LID

GROUND LEVEL

80mm

16mm

100m

m

6.5mm

16mm

6mm

610m

m

15mm

9.52mm x 27mm

6mm

25mm X 3mm COPPER TAPE

(CONCEALED IN WALL / COLUMN)

TEST JOINT

25mm X 3mm COPPER TAPE

(CONCEALED IN WALL / COLUMN)

300mm (min)

300mm (min)

EARTH CHAMBER FOR EARTHING

SYSTEM

25mm X 3mm COPPER TAPE C/W SADDLE CLIP RUN

ON SURFACE ROOF TOP.

RTU, solar charger

LPU

TRUNKING

RTU PANEL

SENSOR

compartment

compartment

and other accessories

MAIN EARTHING BAR

EARTH CHAMBER

ELECTROD TO MEET 5 OHM

25mm X 3mm THK COPPER TAPE

SENSOR POLE

EARTH CHAMBER

25mm X 3mm THK COPPER TAPE

AIR TERMINAL

PEMILIK:

PELAKSANA:

PENGARAH BAHAGIAN:

TIMBALAN PENGARAH:

STATUS LUKISAN

NO. LUKISAN

TAJUK LUKISAN:

PROJEK:

PINDAAN:

HAKCIPTA :

PINDAAN:

Butiran Pindaan T/tangan Tarikh

KESELURUHAN ATAUPUN SEBAHAGIAN LUKISAN YANG TERTERA DALAM PELAN INITIDAK DIBENARKAN DICETAK SEMULA KECUALI DENGAN MENDAPAT KEBENARAN BERTULIS DARIPADA KETUA PENGARAH PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

NOTA AM :

SKALA:

DILUKIS:

DISEMAK :

TARIKH:

DIREKABENTUK:

2000

2000

1000

2500

SOLAR POLESENSOR POLE

500

700

DOOR SENSOR

ENCLOSURE

ALL SIGNAL CABLE NEED A PROPER PROTECTION25mm G.I CONDUIT LAID UNDERGROUND

SANDLE IN PROPER CLAM.

PEMILIK:

PELAKSANA:

PENGARAH BAHAGIAN:

TIMBALAN PENGARAH:

STATUS LUKISAN

NO. LUKISAN

TAJUK LUKISAN:

PROJEK:

PINDAAN:

HAKCIPTA :

PINDAAN:

Butiran Pindaan T/tangan Tarikh

KESELURUHAN ATAUPUN SEBAHAGIAN LUKISAN YANG TERTERA DALAM PELAN INITIDAK DIBENARKAN DICETAK SEMULA KECUALI DENGAN MENDAPAT KEBENARAN BERTULIS DARIPADA KETUA PENGARAH PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

NOTA AM :

SKALA:

DILUKIS:

DISEMAK :

TARIKH:

DIREKABENTUK:

JABATAN PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRANNEGERI

JENIS STESEN

STESEN ID:LONG:

LAT:

JPS DAERAH

NO. TEL:

BAHAGIAN/SEKSYEN/UNITJPS NEGERINO. TEL:

NAMA STESEN50mmx25mmholow sectionmild steel

50mm dia. M.S Pipe

30mmx30mmx3mmangle section

1300

1000

1170

400

300

PEMILIK:

PELAKSANA:

PENGARAH BAHAGIAN:

TIMBALAN PENGARAH:

STATUS LUKISAN

NO. LUKISAN

TAJUK LUKISAN:

PROJEK:

PINDAAN:

HAKCIPTA :

PINDAAN:

Butiran Pindaan T/tangan Tarikh

KESELURUHAN ATAUPUN SEBAHAGIAN LUKISAN YANG TERTERA DALAM PELAN INITIDAK DIBENARKAN DICETAK SEMULA KECUALI DENGAN MENDAPAT KEBENARAN BERTULIS DARIPADA KETUA PENGARAH PENGAIRAN DAN SALIRAN MALAYSIA

NOTA AM :

SKALA:

DILUKIS:

DISEMAK :

TARIKH:

DIREKABENTUK: