Hydrogeology of Indian Coalfields - Energy of Indian Coalfields • Coal occurrences in India are...

Hydrogeology of Indian CoalfieldsHydrogeology of Indian Coalfields

AnandAnand MohanMohan

Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd.Central Mine Planning & Design Institute Ltd.


• Coal occurrences in India are mainly confined to present day river Valleys

• Damodar Valley,• Son Mahanadi Valley,• Pench- Kanhan Valley, • Wardha Godavari Valley. • Bulk of coal reserves are confined to the south-eastern

quadrant of the country in west Bengal, Bihar, JharkhandOrissa, Chhatisgarh and eastern Madhya Pradesh


Chennai

Mumbai

Delhi

kolkata

16

2

13456

789

1110

13

15

12

14

COALFIELDS IN INDIA

16. Makum Coalfield15. Godawari Coalfields

Pathkhera Coalfields14. pench- Kanhan-Tawa Valley13. kamptee Coalfields12. Wardha Valley Coalfield11. Sonhat-Bshrampur Coalfileds10. Sohagpur Coalfileds9. Korba- Mand/Raigarh Coalfields8. Ib Valley Coalfields7. Talcher Coalfields6. Singrauli Coalfields

Coalfields5. North & South Karanpura

East & Weat Bokaro Coalfileds4.3. jharia Coalfield2. Rajmahal Group of coalfields1. Ranigang coalfields

PLATE - I

1

2

345

6

7

9

8

10

COALLIGNITE

CIL :COAL PRODUCING SUBSIDIARIESEASTERN COALFIELDS LTD. (1)BHARAT COKING COAL LTD. (2)CENTRAL COALFIELDS LTD. (3)NORTHERN COALFIELDS LTD. (4)WESTERN COALFIELDS LTD. (5)SOUTH EASTERN COALFIELDS LTD. (6)MAHANADI COALFIELDS LTD. (7)NORTH EASTERN COALFIELDS. (8)

( A UNIT UNDER CIL(HQ) )

SINGARENI COLLIERIES CO. LTD (9)

NEYVELI LIGNITE CORPORATION (10)

PLATE - II


•• Ground Water RegimeGround Water RegimeBased on geology, occurrence of Ground water may be divided into different provincesExtra Peninsula,Peninsula and

Indo-gangetic plain

•• Aquifer systemAquifer systemthe major Aquifer system of India based on different geological formation

ARABIAN

SEA

Aquifer in hilly areas

Crystalline rocks 1-40

Limestone extensive 5-25

Alluvium,& Sandstone, 10-40

Aquifer systems

Alluvium,extensive

discont,INDIAN OCEAN

baslt 1-25

<1

Yield Potential(lps)

>40

LEGEND

BAT OF BENGAL

MAJOR AQUIFER SYSTEMS OF INDIA

PLATE - III


Alluvium,extensive

Aquifer systems Yield Potential(lps)

>40

Alluvium,& Sandstone, 10-40discont,Limestone extensive 5-25

Crystalline rocks 1-40

baslt

Aquifer in hilly areas

1-25

<1

LEGEND

BAT OF B

ENGAL

INDIAN OCEAN

ARABIAN

SEA

WITH MAJOR AQUIFER SYSTEMS

Chennai

Mumbai

Delhi

kolkata

16

2

13456

789

1110

13

15

12

14

16. Makum Coalfield15. Godawari Coalfields

Pathkhera Coalfields14. pench- Kanhan-Tawa Valley13. kamptee Coalfields12. Wardha Valley Coalfield11. Sonhat-Bshrampur Coalfileds10. Sohagpur Coalfileds9. Korba- Mand/Raigarh Coalfields8. Ib Valley Coalfields7. Talcher Coalfields6. Singrauli Coalfields

Coalfields5. North & South Karanpura

East & Weat Bokaro Coalfileds4.3. jharia Coalfield2. Rajmahal Group of coalfields1. Ranigang coalfields

COALFIELDS OF INDIA

PLATE - IV

Hydrogeology of IndianHydrogeology of Indian CoalfieldsCoalfields

Hydrogeology of Indian CoalfieldsHydrogeology of Indian CoalfieldsOccurrence of Ground waterOccurrence of Ground water

1. Hard rock/consolidated formations

a) Volcanic rocksb) Carbonate rocks c) Non-carbonate non-volcanic crystalline rocks or Hard rock

2. Porous rock formations.

a) Unconsolidated formation and b) Semi-consolidated formation.

HydrogeologicalHydrogeological units in Indian units in Indian CoalfieldsCoalfields

WB, Bihar,Jharkhand, Maharastra.Wellyield up to 5lps. K =0.1-15m/d

Basalts& dolerites

Rajmahal Traps, Deccan Traps

Jurassic/ Upper cretaceous to Ecocene

UP,Bihar,JharkhandUP,Bihar,Jharkhand, , ChhattisgarhChhattisgarh. K . K =0.02=0.02--10m/d10m/d

Sst,ShSst,Sh,lime stone,lime stone

VindhyanPre-cambrian

States/States/hydrogehydrogeologicalologicalcharactercharacter

FormationFormationGeological AgeGeological Age1.1. Consolidated formationsConsolidated formations


Assam, UP, J&K,Sikkim, Rajasthan, Gujarat, TN,WB.Well yield up to 28lps.

Shale,carb.sh, coal, sst, pebble & boulder bed

Tertiary

UP,Bihar,JharkhandUP,Bihar,Jharkhand, , ChhattisgarhChhattisgarh, , Maharastra,OrissaMaharastra,Orissa, , Gujarat, Rajasthan & Gujarat, Rajasthan & TN. K =0.5TN. K =0.5--50m/d, 50m/d, well yield up to 14lpswell yield up to 14lps

Sst,ShaleSst,Shale, , coal seamscoal seams

GondwanaUpper Carboniferous to Jurrasic


FormationFormationGeological AgeGeological Age2.Semi2.Semi--consolidated formationsconsolidated formations


Indo-Gangetic , Brahmaputra & Godavari Alluvial Plains. K=10-100, well yield=5to 67 lps

Clay,silt, ,gravel,sand, peat, coal & organic matter

Alluvial PlainsRecent


FormationFormationGeological AgeGeological Age3.Un3.Un--consolidated formationsconsolidated formations

Confined and Unconfined aquifers

Non flowing wellWater table well

Flowing well

Unconfined or water table aquifer

Confining bedConfined aquifer

Water table

Piezometricsurface


A Case StudyA Case Study

Underground Coal Gasification Project Merta Road Rajasthan

analysis of the hydrogeological data of the experimental site, the following conclusions were drawn –the hydrogeological conditions of the experimental site has changed considerably due to extensive water pumping resulting in drawdown in aquifer ‘A’ ( saturated thickness 4 m). No need of dewatering operation in Aquifer ‘A’Aquifer ‘B’ below Lignite seam is multilayered thick systemAdvanced dewatering required for Aquifer ‘B’,


A Case Study A Case Study contdcontd……..……..

The hydraulic conductivity and storavity of Aquifer ‘B’ is 0.0008m/day & 0.002 respectively

Environmental protection measures needed against water contamination


•• Ground water Ground water ModellingModelling“ Modelling and control of water systems in coal Mining Environment “ done for Wardha Valley Coalfield.Hydraulic demarcation between Kamthis

& Barakars intermingledDepletion of groundwater effect is confined to 500-1000m down dip In UG mine depletion is insignificant.


D I S T T

WR

RD

HA

C

H

A

N

D

RA

PU

R

DI

ST

T

DI

ST

T

MA

L

DARBHA

RIVER

TOKARANJ

TOWAPKI

WARDHARIVER

YE

NA

RIV

ER

55 L_15

55 3_P

557_P 55

11_P

5512_P

558_P

554_P55

16_L

AN

DH

AR

IR

IVER

MO

T AU

T AR

AN

AL A

HUMAN NADI

KALWARI

NALA

NADIB

OKA

RD

OH

TON

AGP

UR

M_56 9

M _56 10M_56 6M_

56 2I_56 14

I_5613M_561

M_56 5

TA

VA

Y

MSAP

MSAP

MSAP

MSAPMS

AP

MSAP

MSAP

MS

AP

A D I L A B A D D I S T T. (AP)

C H A N D R A P U R D I S T T

D I S T T. (AP)A D I L A B A D

PENGANGA

RIVER

JELKHAS

NA

LA

PERSI KUDER

SARNALA

TO WAN

KDI

TOSIRPUR

TOWN

CHIKLI

NADI

SONDO NALA

ADICHHAO GAR

NALA

VAIDHABHARIVER

PENGANGA RIVER

WARDHA RIVER

SARAI NALA

TO A SHTI

TONAG

PUR

RAJO LIR.S .

TONAGPUR

TONAGPUR

G ARCHIROLI

MUL RIVE

R

ANDHARI RIVER

ANDHARIRIVER

TOPATAN

TOSIRAASGAON

GREATDECCAN

ROAD

TOH

ING

ANG

HAT

TOH

ING

ANG

HAT

TON

AG

PU

R

TOKANPA

KALHARNADI

TALODHI

POTHRANADI

MANORA

NAGRI

NAGRI

NARAYANPUR

SUMTHANA

CH

ARG

AO

NNA

DI

CH

ARG

AON

NA

DI

WAHANGAON

RAMDEGI

CHIMUR

NERI

NANDER

NAWARGAONBUZURGTADOBA NATIONAL

PARK AREADAIWAL

NALA

SHEKAPUR

DHANORA

MADHERI

CHIKNIROAD

R.S.

BELGAON

TEMURDA

SALORI MESA

BAM

ANDO

H

NAL

A

SH

IRN

AL

NADI

PEWRA

DUNDORAKHURD

SHEGAON

CHANDANKHEDA

JAMNI

KARWA

SINDEWAHI

DO

KU

RUR

IVE

R

TANK

BUFFER ZONE OF TADOBA NATIONAL PARKCHORA

ASHTIMASAR

GHATHIGO TA NALA

DHANOLI

PAUNAJAMGAON

BUZURG

KHURDJAMGAON

BUZURGNANDORI

WARORARS

WARORA

TULANA

YEKONA

MARDI

PANPAL

KUMBHA

ASHTONA

KHAIRI

PANDHARKAWDA

PISGAON

CHINCHALA

NANDEPERA MANEGAON

PATALA

MAJRIR.S.

MAJRI

TAKLIBELORA

JENA

KONDHA

NALA

KONDHA

BARANJ

BARANJMAKOSA

MANOARA TANDA

MAGLI

BHANDAR

SAWARI

EARIRIVER

KO

LSA

NA

LA

KOLSA

DU

NI

NA L

A

AGARJHARI

MAMLA

WARVATPADMAPUR

CHICHOLI

PAILI

BHATAI

MOTH

AHAT

NALA

NAVIN KUNDA

CHINCHORDI

BHADRAWATI

BHANDAKR.S.

MANORA

DHORWADA

CHARGAON

DEURWADA

JUNAKUNDA

KUNDA

KOLAR

PIMPRI AHERI

WADEGAON

MANJRI

CHIKHALGAON

MURDHONI

PALSONI

WANI

RAJUR

KILN

RAJURR.S.

GANRALABONAD

MAREGAON

NAWARGAON

HIWARA

GODHANI

BORDA

MAHORLI

KOROMBI

MAREGAONMANDAR MANDAR

KESURLI

JUNAD TELWASA

UKNI

TADALI

DURGAPUR

CHANDRAPURTPS

LOHARAGHANTA CHAUKI

BORDA HIW

ERANALL

A

CHICHPALLI

NAGARA

MUL

MARODAMUL

KELZER

MAHARASHTRAELECTROSMELT

RAYATVARI

CHANDRAPUR

MAHAKALI

BABUPETH

ARVAT

NAGARAMAHATAL DEVI

GHUGUS R.S.

PANDHARKAWDA

NILJAI

BELUP

PUNVAT

NIRGUDA

NALA

WARGAON

GHONSE

KUMBHARKHANI

SAKRA

DARA

BODAD

KAYAR

JAMKOLA

MARKI

PAUNARDONGARGAON

KOSARA

HIWARDAD

NERAD

SINDIWADHONA

MALEGAON

PURAO

BORGAON

GOPALPUR

SINDOLA

SHIVLA

SAWANGI

GHUGUS

A. C. C.CEMENT FACTORY

NIRGUDA

EARI

BORGAON

SAKHARIA

JUNABORGAON

KOLGAONNAVIN

CHIKHALI

DHANORA

CHARVAT

VASAPUR

KOLGAON

BALLARPURTPS

BALLARSHAH

BALLARPURPAPER

INDUSTRY

BALLARPUR

BANMIN

KALMANASASTI

MANORA

POMBHURNA

PALSAGAON

KOTHARI

MANIKGARH

GAURI

MATHARA

PAONI

SAKRI

BAKHARLI

AYARPUR

ANTARGAON

SANGODA

WANOJA

GOWARI

PIMPRI

NARANDA

PATWARI

ADEGAON

MUKURBAN

PANDHARKAWDA

AULIARDWAN

MARKIBUZURG

BHANDARA

GANESHPUR

MANGLI

RAJUR

CHANDUR

TUTRA

SONAPUR

CH

INN

ANA

L A

RAJURA

WIHIRGAON

WIHIRGAONR.S.

AKSAPUR

GOJALI

CHIONDHA

DABHA

TOHOGAON

WIRUR

NAOKARI

BORGAON

ERGAON

MANGALHIRI

BELA

KHARKI

GUDDI GUDA

DEOTI

KIKAJERI

KUSUMBI

DABHA

R.S. WIRUR

SONAPUR

CHINCHOLI

TEK MANDWA

MUKADAM GUDA

PATAGUDA

GHOTPALLI IMPALLI

NARNUR BARI

BAMBARA

R.S.

79°-00'79°-15'

79°-30'

79°-30'79°-15'79°-00'

19°-45'

19°-45'

20°-00'20°-00'

20°-15'20°-15'

C

C'

KP 2

9KP

9KP

33 KP

3 9KP

6 6

Pro p

o se d

wel l

Pre s

e nt in

ech

wel l

Hydrogeology of Indian CoalfieldsHydrogeology of Indian CoalfieldsCONCLUSIONS

Coal India is the pioneer organization to establish ground water regime of Indian Coalfields.

Indian Coalfields are normally bounded by crystalline rocks. The hydraulic conductivity of crystalline rocks varies from 0.1 to 1.5 m/day and yield ranges from 42 to 250 m3/day.

The aquifer in Indian Coal bearing formation is mostly constitutes Gondwana sandstone. The hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.5 to 50m/day and yield ranges from 84 to 1176m3/day


CONCLUSIONSThe Indian coal mostly acts as aquitard having

hydraulic conductivity ranging from 0.005 to 0.03 m/day.

In underground mining the estimation of mine water inflow under caving condition in Wardhavalley, Sohagpur and Ib Valley Coalfields had been done in selected mines. The mine water inflow ranges from 550m3/day to 5000m3/day.


CONCLUSIONSIn open pit mining the advance dewatering operation in selected mines of Indian Coalfields viz. Rajmahal (ECL), Wardha Valley (WCL) Singrauli (NCL) have been done. The advance pumping from the respective mines ranges from 5000 to 60000 m3/day.

The problem related to environmental impact likely to be caused by ground water pumping during active mining is being addressed.

Hydrogeology of Indian CoalfieldsHydrogeology of Indian CoalfieldsCONCLUSIONS

To identify the problem of depletion of ground water due to mining , hydrographic monitoring stations has been established in Indian Coalfields and monitoring of water levels , four times in a year viz January, May, August and November is being done as per guidelines of Ministry of Environment and Forest (MoEF) Govt. of India

Problem of ground water depletion, once identified the remedial measure is undertaken to augument water level by implementing artificial recharge system such as Rain water harvesting, Creation of water lagoon in mined out region and recharge through abandoned tube wells.


CONCLUSIONS

All efforts are being made to restore original water table by land reclaimation and sand stowing after the closure of open pit and underground mine respectively to accelerate recharge of ground water system of the area.


Thank YouThank You

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