International Conference “Hydrogen technology opportunities for sustainable development of cities” Riga, 20.03.2013

Hydrogen technology use in the city Juris Golunovs, Head of Energy Efficiency Information Centre of Riga Energy

Agency

Covenant of Mayors

It means that by 2020 the city commits itself to reduce CO2 emissions by at least 20 % by improving energy efficiency by 20 % and by ensuring that renewable energy sources account for 20 % of volume of energy to be used

Tools: SEAP & CO2 Baseline Inventory

The baseline C02 emission Inventory for Riga • The baseline emission have been calculated for

year 1990; 1995; 2005; 2008 (CO2 emissions); • Projection of emissions for year 2010; 2015 and

2020 have been evaluated; • Standard emission factors in line with the IPCC

principles have been chosen; • Country specific CO2 EF for primary energy

have been implemented

Calculated CO2 emissions in Riga 1990 -2008

0,0

500,0

1000,0

1500,0

2000,0

2500,0

3000,0

3500,0

4000,0

4500,0

5000,0

1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

thous t

TransportFinal fuel consumptionElectricity consumptionDH consumption

Projected CO2 emissions in Riga for different scenarios

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1990 1995 2000 2005 2008 2010 2015 2020

thous t CO2

referencescenario

Scenario Min

Scenario Opt

Scenario Max

The projections of CO2 emissions in Riga

• The key sources of CO2 emissions in year 2020 could be transport sector (up to 34%), DH consumption (32%), final fuel consumption (18%) and electricity consumption(16%);

• Projected reduction of CO2 emissions in Min scenario in year 2020 is 44,7%; Opt scenario 46,3% and Max scenario scenario 47,9% compare with base year 1990. In 2012 reduction of CO2 emissions >50% already

The main demand side measures for CO2 emission reduction in Riga

Measure

Energy saving or substitution, year 2020,

Max scenario, GWh Renovation of multi dwelling residential buildings

780

Renovation of municipal buildings 81

Solar collectors in decentralised heat supply

25

Heat pumps in decentralised heat supply

48

Biofuel for transport 330

Evaluated potential of demand side emission reduction measures, year 2020

0

50

100

150

200

250

Min Opt Max

thous t CO2 Electric cars in transport

Biofuel in transport

solar heat collectors

heat pumps in decentralisedheat supplyRenovation of municipalbuildingsRenovation of multi dwellingresidential buildingsTotal "Rigas Siltums"

.

Name, Institution – 16 June 2009 – 10

CITY

Products

Food Energy

Waste

Water

CITY

.

Name, Institution – 16 June 2009 – 11

CITY

Electricity

Hydro

Geothermal

Solar

Transport

Energy

Biomass

Heat

Wind

CITY

Renewable energy solutions for city

Energy storage options – posibilities to balance energy production & demand

Hydrogen energysystem: from water to water

Energy storage – key component in sustainable energy system (*)

.

(*) Storing Renewable Energy in the Natural Gas Grid Methane via Power-to-Gas (P2G): A Renewable Fuel for Mobility M. Specht1, U. Zuberbühler1, F. Baumgart1, B. Feigl1, V. Frick1, B. Stürmer1, M. Sterner2, G. Waldstein3 1 ZSW – Centre for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research, Industriestr. 6, DE-70565 Stuttgart, contact: michael.specht@zsw-bw.de 2 IWES - Fraunhofer Institute for Wind Energy and Energy System Technology, Königstor 59, DE-34119 Kassel 3 SolarFuel GmbH, Hessbruehlstr. 15, DE-70565 Stuttgart

.

Storage possibilities for renewable energy

.

•Electricity (supercapacitors)

•Hydro storage energy (hydropower, pumped storage power plants

•Mechanical energy (compressed air reservoirs, flywheel energy storage systems)

•Electrochemical energy (batteries)

•Chemical energy (fuels)

SNG production (by H2 variants) from renewable energy (*)

.

(*) Source

Power to gas: Process shematic and inclusion in the power system (*)

.

(*) Source

Direct uses of hydrogen (**)

.

(**) Source: Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies in Europe, 2011; Financial and technology outlook on the European sector ambition 2014 – 2020, NEW-IG

Development of hydrogen technologies depends on oil price

Alex Körner

IEA Infrastructure analyses

© OECD/IEA 2012

How fare are H2 aplications for city?

Sustenergy week June2012

Brussels

Google became Bloom Energy’s fuel cell first customer in July 2008, for example. Each Bloom Box Energy Server fits in roughly the same area as a standard parking space and provides 100 kW of power, which is enough to meet the baseload needs of 100 average homes or a small office building.

Hydrogen – fuel cell electic vehicles (FCEV) deployment scenarious (Alex Körner, IEA Infrastructure analyses, © OECD/IEA 2012)

In the high H2 scenario around 15% of all road transport energy use could be hydrogen

Finding the least-cost pathway for H2 infrastructure roll-out along with demand is crucial Optimization of centralized vs. decentralized H2 production is one of the major challenges

(Alex Körner, IEA Infrastructure analyses, © OECD/IEA 2012)

As an energy-carrier, hydrogen provides a unique opportunity to contribute to all major European policy objectives in the transport and energy sectors: ● Hydrogen is a non toxic gas with a high mass energy density, and is one of the most abundant elements in the biosphere ● It can be easily produced from water, biomass, biogas, natural gas or from any other fossil fuel, with mature production technologies, in centralized or distributed production facilities ● Used in conjunction with fuel cells, hydrogen provides an efficient decentralized solution for combined heat and power generation, both at an industrial and a domestic level; ● Hydrogen is an efficient way to store electricity, especially the renewable electricity generated by intermittent sources (solar, wind, hydroelectricity) ● Hydrogen can be used as an alternative fuel for clean mobility using fuel cell electric vehicles, including passenger cars, buses, light duty and material handling vehicles

Hydrogen as an energy-carrier (1)

● Hydrogen offers a significant reduction of green house gases emissions – hydrogen oxidation only produces water at point of use – and a reduction in air pollution and noise. Fuel cells can generate electricity from various feed-stocks and can be used in connection with an electricity grid but also as a stand-alone power generator. Fuel cells have broader applications than any other power source currently available. The power produced can be used in many portable, stationary and transport applications and the heat, a by-product, can also be used for heating and cooling. As illustrated below, fuel cells and hydrogencan provide a complete zero-emission (decentralised) power generation-pathway. (Source: Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies in Europe, 2011; Financial and technology outlook on the European sector ambition 2014 – 2020, NEW-IG)

Hydrogen as an energy-carrier (2)

(Source: Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Technologies in Europe, 2011; Financial and technology outlook on the European sector ambition 2014 – 2020, NEW-IG)

Ambition

based on key-technology indicators and Technology roadmap

SMART CITIES partnership in cities and reagions covers three sectors

Upgrading city SEAP: roadmap to the status of smart city

Hydrogen in the city: smart technology for smart city

Thank you for your kind attention!

http://www.rea.riga.lv