hydoelectricity

MADE BY : Yatharth kochhar CLASS : X “A”

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WHICH IS THE BEST

SOURCE OF ENERGY??

Question of the modern age

Hydroelectric Power

Energy created by a heavy flowing water

OUR Objectives

• We will be discuss about the source of Hydroelectric energy

• History of hydroelectericity• We will describe “how Hydroelectric energy is

produced?”• We will show Hydroelectric energy as an very

useful acceptable source of energy

• We will discuss where is Hydroelectricity is used

INVENTION OF HYDROELETRICITY

History of Hydroelectric Power• Nearly 2000 years ago the Greeks used water wheels to grind wheat into flour

• In the 1700's, hydropower was broadly used for milling of lumber and grain and for pumping irrigation water

• Appleton, Wisconsin became the first operational hydroelectric generating station in the United States, in 1882, producing 12.5 kilowatts (kW) of power

• The total electrical capacity generated was equivalent to 250 lights

• Within the next 20 years roughly 300 hydroelectric plants were operational around the world

• The invention of the hydraulic reaction turbine created the sudden expansion of hydropower

• 40% of the United States' electricity was provided by hydroelectric power in the early 1900's

INTRODUTION

• Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, Previously16% of global electricity generation 3,427 terawatt-hours of electricity production in 2010,[1]

• At todays date Hydropower is produced in 150 countries, including Asia.

• China is the largest hydroelectricity producer, with 721 terawatt-hours of production in 2010, representing around 17 percent of domestic electricity use. There are now three hydroelectricity plants larger than 10 GW: the Three Gorges Dam in China, Itaipu Dam across the Brazil/Paraguay border, and Guri Dam in Venezuela.

• The cost of hydroelectricity is compare vise low, As it is a renewable electricity.

• The average cost of electricity from a hydro plant larger than 10 megawatts is 3 to 5 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour.

• We used hydro power because it becomes our necessary to use hydro power as we need a alternative for fossil fules

• However, making dams interrupts the flow of rivers and can harm local ecosystems, and building large dams and reservoirs often involves displacing people and

• wildlife. Once a hydroelectric complex is constructed, the project produces no direct waste, and has a considerably lower output level of the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide 

Who’s using it?

• Supplies 20% of world’s electricity and 6% of it’s total commercial energy

• 3 largest producers are Canada, U.S., and Brazil

• Projected use over the next 10 years: Canada 70%, China 10%, U.S.10%

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CanadaChinaU.S.

TRADITIONAL WAYS OF MAKING

HYDROENERGY….

Breast Shot Wheel

Breast shot wheel:One type of traditionalWater wheel

Water wheels: sourceOf power for theIndustrial revolution

Overshot Wheel

It was more efficient that breast shot wheel. Some mills usingThese wheels still in operationIn rural areas in from 1950’s till know

Miller: Mrs. Aarendale

MODERAN WAY OF HYDROELECTRICIY……

How useful is it?

• Moderate to high net useful energy yield • fairly low operating and maintenance costs• low pollution• rarely shut down• help control flooding• supply a regulated flow of irrigation water to

lowlands below the dam

Compared to Others

• Has moderate to high net useful energy

• Solar energy and hydroelectric are the highest producers of energy besides nonrenewable resources

Drawbacks

• Flood vast areas• destroys wildlife habitats • uproots people• keeps nutrients from being sent downstream• decreases fish harvests below the dam• keep fish from migrating upstream• kills large numbers of fish

Hoover D

am

Glen Canyon Dam (Utah)

• The largest Hydroelectric Power Plant in the world

• The Yangst River in China

THE END