Hydro-Meteorological Hazards in the Philippines, Weather Forecasting, & Facts about Climate Change
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Hydro-Meteorological Hazards in the
Philippines, Weather Forecasting &Facts about Climate Change
OSCAR C. TABADA
Information Education Campaign on Disaster Awareness andPreparedness for the Employees of Sun Star Cebu
P. Del Rosario, Cebu City
D e ce m b e r 2 0 , 2 0 1 3
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PLANETARIUM and
STANDARD TIME SERVICE
THE OZONE LAYER
CLICK HERE FOR THELATEST WEATHER FCST
Welcome to
http://../My%20Documents/CLICK%20HERE%20FOR%20THE%20LATEST%20WEATHER%20FCST.ppthttp://../My%20Documents/CLICK%20HERE%20FOR%20THE%20LATEST%20WEATHER%20FCST.ppthttp://../My%20Documents/CLICK%20HERE%20FOR%20THE%20LATEST%20WEATHER%20FCST.ppt -
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WHAT LIES AHEAD . . .
OF US
Climate Information Monitor ing and Predict ion Center (CLIMPC)
Climatology & Agrometeorology Branch (CAB)
PAGASA-DOST
Oscar C. TabadaPAGASA Visayas
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MTSAT Dec. 20, 2013
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Daily Rainfall forecast for
Dec. 20 - 26, 2013
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8Pm Fri Dec. 20, 2013
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8Am Wed Dec. 25, 201
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8Pm Wed Dec. 25, 201
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Widescreen Presentation
Tips and tools for creating and
presenting wide format slides
CLIMATE OUTLOOKJanuary April 2014
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Actual Rainfall
Normal Rainfallx 100%Percent of Normal =
PERCENTAGE RAINFALL CONDITION
< 40%
41% - 80%
81% - 120%
> 120 %
below normal
near normal
above normal
way below normal
PERCENTAGE RAINFALL CONDITION
< 40%
41% - 80%
81% - 120%
> 120 %
PERCENTAGE RAINFALL CONDITION
< 40%
41% - 80%
81% - 120%
> 120 %
below normal
near normal
above normal
way below normal
Percent of Normal Interpretation
for Monthly Rainfall
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January 2014
Forecast (mm) % Normal
Monthly Rainfall ForecastUpdated: Nov 22, 2013
Normal (mm)
(1981-2010)
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February 2014
Forecast (mm) % Normal
Normal (mm)
(1981-2010)
Monthly Rainfall ForecastUpdated: Nov 22, 2013
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March 2014
Forecast (mm) % Normal
Normal (mm)
(1981-2010)
Monthly Rainfall ForecastUpdated: Nov 22, 2013
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April 2014
Forecast (mm) % Normal
Normal (mm)
(1981-2010)
Monthly Rainfall ForecastUpdated: Nov 22, 2013
CPC/IRI Probabilistic ENSO Outlook ( d t d N b 2013)
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ENSO-neutral is favored into the Northern Hemisphere winter 2013-14.
CPC/IRI Probabilistic ENSO Outlook (updated November 2013)
neutral ENSO conditions through the rest of 2013 and into early 2014, with a warming tendency
during northern spring and summer 2014. Development of weak El Nino conditions appears
possible by the middle of 2014.
FORECAST TEMPERATURE
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MOUNTAINOUS AREAS OF LUZON
LOWLANDS
AREAS OF LUZON
19-33 C
FORECAST TEMPERATURE
VISAYAS
23- 32 C
MOUNTAINOUSAREAS OF
MINDANAO
17-28 C
LOWLANDSAREAS OF
MINDANAO
19-33 C
14-25 C
Weather Systems that may affect the country
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January - February
Northeast (NE) monsoon
Tail-end of Cold Front
Easterlies
Low Pressure Area
Ridge of High Pressure
Area
Tropical cyclone
March October
NE to Southwest (SW)
monsoon
ITCZ *
Easterly wave
Low Pressure Area
Ridge of High PressureArea
Tropical cyclone
Weather Systems that may affect the country
(January December)
ITCZ * - Intertropical Convergence Zone
Weather Systems that may affect the country
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October - December
Northeast (NE) monsoon
Tail-end of Cold Front
Low Pressure Area
Easterly Wave
Ridge of High Pressure Area
Tropical cyclone ITCZ*
Weather Systems that may affect the country
(January December)
ITCZ * - Intertropical Convergence Zone
TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECAST
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MONTH FORECAST
December 1 or 2
January 1 or 2
February Slim Chance
March 0 or 1
April 0 or 1
TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECAST
NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IN THE PHILIPPINES*
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ABCDEFGH
IJKLMNOPQRSTUVWYZ
AURINGBISINGCRISINGDANTEEMONGFABIANGORIOHUANINGISANGJOLINAKIKOLABUYOMARINGNANDOODETTEPAOLO
QUEDANRAMILSANTITINOURDUJAVINTAWILMAYOLANDAZORAIDA
I
2009
2013
2017
2021
AGATONBASYANGCALOYDOMENGESTERFLORITAGLENDAHENRY
INDAYJOSEKATRINGLUISMARIONENENGOMPONGPAENGQUEENIERUBYSENIANGTOMASUSMANVENUSWALDOYAYANGZENY
AMANGBETTYCHEDENGDODONGEGAYFALCONGORINGHANNAINENGJENNYKABAYANLANDOMARILYNNONOYONYOKPERLA
QUIELRAMONSARAHTISOYURSULAVIRINGWENGYOYOYZIGZAG
AMBOBUTCHOYCARINADINDOENTENGFERDIEGENERHELENIGMEJULIANKARENLAWINMARCENINAOFELPEPITO
QUINTAROLLYSIONYTONYOULYSSESVICKYWARRENYOYONGZOSIMO
II
2010
2014
2018
2022
II
2011
2015
2019
2023
II
2012
2016
2020
2024
NAMES OF TROPICAL CYCLONE IN THE PHILIPPINES
* REVISED LIST OF NAMES FOR TC WITHIN THE PAR (Effective June 2012)
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2013 2014 2015 2016
ALAMID
BRUNO
CONCHING
DOLOR
ERNIE
FLORANTEGERARDO
HERNAN
ISKO
JEROME
AGILA
BAGWIS
CHITO
DIEGO
ELENA
FELINOGUNDING
HARRIET
INDANG
JESSA
ABE
BERTO
CHARO
DADO
ESTOY
FELIONGENING
HERMAN
IRMA
JAIME
ALAKDAN
BALDO
CLARA
DENCIO
ESTONG
FELIPEGARDO
HELING
ISMAEL
JULIO
AUXILIARY LIST
REVISED LIST OF NAMES FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES WITHIN
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1 2 3 4
2010 / 2014
2018 / 2022
2011 / 2015
2019 / 2023
2012 / 2016
2020 / 2024
2009/2013
2017 /2021AGATON
BASYANG
CALOY
DOMENG
ESTER
FLORITA
GLENDA
HENRYINDAY
JOSE
KATRING
LUIS
MARIO
NENENG
OMPONG
PAENGQUEENIE
RUBY
SENIANG
TOMAS
USMAN
VENUS
WALDO
YAYANGZENY
AMANG
BETTY
CHEDENG
DODONG
EGAY
FALCON
GORING
HANNAINENG
JENNY
KABAYAN
LANDO
MARILYN
NONOY
ONYOK
PERLAQUIEL
RAMON
SARAH
TISOY
URSULA
VIRING
WENG
YOYOYZIGZAG
AMBO
BUTCHOY
CARINA
DINDO
ENTENG
FERDIE
GENER
HELENIGME
JULIAN
KAREN
LAWIN
MARCE
NINA
OFEL
PEPITOQUINTA
ROLLY
SIONY
TONYO
ULYSSES
VICKY
WARREN
YOYONGZOSIMO
AURING
BISING
CRISING
DANTE (TS)
EMONG (TS)
FABIAN (TD)
GORIO (TS)
HUANING(TY)
ISANG
JOLINA
KIKO
LABUYO
MARING
NANDO
ODETTEPAOLO
QUEDAN
RAMIL
SANTI
TINO
URDUJA
VINTA
WILMAYOLANDA
THE PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY(Effective January 2013)
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TRENDS IN TROPICAL CYCLONE IN THE PHILIPPINES
0
50
100
150
200
250
Luzon Visayas Mindanao
Number 51-80
61-90
71-00
LUZON VISAYAS MINDANAO
1951-
80
1961-
90
1971-00
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CLIMATOLOGICAL TRACKS OF
TROPICAL CYCLONES ENTERING THE
PAR BY QUARTER
O G Q C O
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MONTHLY AVERAGE FREQUENCY OFOCCURRENCE OF TROPICAL CYCLONES INTHE PHILIPPINE AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY
0.50.3 0.3 0.4
0.9
1.5
3.4 3.4 3.1
2.7
2.3
1.4
0
1
2
3
4
5
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
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)
17 13 9 1134
48
126 130111
7144
3610 6
9 18
30
46
80 67
77
88
87
47
0
50
100
150
200
250
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
NumberofTr
opicalCyclones
Number of Landfalling TC's
Number of non-Landfalling TC's
Monthly
Mean 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.5 1.1 1.6 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.7 2.2 1.4
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Tracks of tropical cyclones that formed in the Western North Pacific (WNP) during the period 1948-2010 (1641 TC and 1154 or 70%entered or formed in the Philippine Area of Responsibly (PAR) (Data used: JMA Data set)
)
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TYPHOON YOLANDA (Nov 6 9 2013)
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TYPHOON YOLANDA (Nov. 6-9, 2013)
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Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)Department of Science and Technology (DOST)
S & T - Based Response Strategies to
Address Extreme Weather Events
VISAYAS PAGASA REGIONAL SERVICES
f
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Area of Jurisdiction
NL-PRSD
NCR-PRSDSL-PRSD
Vis-PRSDM-PRSD
Tuguegarao
Quezon City
Legazpi
Mactan
El Salvador
Davao City
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Agromet
PRSD Office
Synoptic Station
Upper Air
Radar
FFC
LEGEND:
Agromet
SYNOP1. Mactan
2. Tagbilaran
3. Dumaguete4. Guiuan
5. Catbalogan
6. Tacloban
7. Borongan
8. Maasin
9. Roxas
10. Iloilo
11. Pto Princesa
12. Cuyo13. Coron
14. Pagasa Is.
15. San Jose
AGROMET
1. Mambusao
2. La Granja
3. Dumangas
4. VSU-Baybay
5. SPCP-Aborlan
RADAR1.Mactan2.Guiuan
UPPER-AIR
1. Mactan
2. Pto Princesa
VPRSD LOCATION OF STATION
Monitoring Capabilities
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Monitoring Capabilities
ITBAYAT
BASCO
CALAYAN
APARRILAOAG
TUGUEGARAO
PALANAN
CASIGURAN
VIGAN
BAGUIO
DAGUPANBALER
CLSU-MUNOZCABANATUANIBA
SUBIC CLARK
CAVITE ALABAT
JOMALIG
DAETTAGAYTAY
AMBULONG
INFANTA
CSSAC-PILIVIRAC
LEGASPICATARMAN
MASBATEROMBLON
SN.
FRANCISCO
CALAPAN
SAN JOSE
CORON
PTO.
PRINCESA
BORONGANCATBALOGAN
GUIUANTACLOBAN
MACTAN
ROXAS
ILOILO
MAASI
NTAGBILARAN
SIARGAO
SURIGAO
BUTUANHINATUA
N
CAG. DE
ORODIPOLOGMALAYBALAY
COTABATO DAVAOZAMBOANGA
GEN. SANTOS
BALABAC
EXISTING SURFACE
SYNOPTIC STATION
AUTOMATIC WEATHER
STATION
PAGASA
SURFACESYNOPTIC
STATIONSMMSU-BATAC
BSU-LA TRINIDAD
CSSAC-PILI
VISCA-BAYBAY
CLSU-MUNOZ
PAGASA
AGRO-MET
STATIONS
SPCP-ABORLAN
DA-BASCO
NVSIT-BAYOMBONG
ISU-ECHAGUE
DMMMSU-LA UNION
UPLB-NASTAGAYTAY
CENTRAL AGROMET-QUEZON CITY
HA. LUISITA-
TARLAC
BVHS-BULAN UEP-
CATARMAN
PSPC-MAMBUSAO
MSU-MARAWI
TRRC-TAGUM
PCA-BAGO OSHIRO
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Visibility
Clouds Temperature
Relative Humidity
Rainfall Wind Speed and Wind Direction
Atmospheric Pressure
Atmospheric Phenomena
Monitoring Capabilities
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Monitoring Capabilities
APARRI
BAGUIO
BALER
VIRAC
GUIUAN
PAGASA
WEATHER
RADARSTATIONS
LAOAG
LEGASPI
MACTAN
TANAY
PAGASA
UPPER-AIR
STATIONS
CEBU
HINATUAN
TAGAYTAY
TAMPAKAN
BUSUANGA
ILOILO
ZAMBOANGADAVAO
SBMA
QUEZON
BASCO
PALAWAN
DOPPLER RADAR
Basco
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Virac
Aparri
Baler
Baguio
SBMA
DOPPLER RADARPROGRAM
Hinatuan
South
Cotabato
CEBU
Guiuan
Tagaytay
OP/CALAMITY FUND
PAGASA 2007 GAA
JICA-PROPOSED
UPGRADING BY DOST-GIA FUND
FUTURE PLAN
15 in 2015
QUEZON
BUSUANGA
ILOILO
ZAMBOANGA
LEGEND:
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ILCD TV monitors for weather models, MTSAT & RADAR panoramicdisplay.
PAGASA VISAYAS FORECASTERS WORKSTATION
Cebu Doppler Radar
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pp
TS SENDONG
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Mactan Radar Image at 11:48Pm Dec. 16, 2011TS SENDONG
FLOODINGS IN CAGAYAN DE ORO AND
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FLOODINGS IN CAGAYAN DE ORO AND
MINDANAO DURING TS SENDONG OF DEC.
17, 2011
Do we have to wait for this to happen?Cagayan de Oro City Flooding
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Cagayan de Oro City Flooding
Do we have to wait for this to happen?Cagayan de Oro City Flooding
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Cagayan de Oro City Flooding
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At 1 45 PM D 4 2012 th t f th t h PABLO
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EYE
At 1:45 PM, Dec. 4, 2012 the center of the typhoon PABLO was
located, based on the Mactan Doppler Radar, at 70 KMS East of
Siquijor Island.
Typhoon PABLORadar Image
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TY Bopha was the lowest latitude
typhoon since Typhoon Vamei in
2001 (1.4 above eq.).
TY Bopha became a typhoon at just
3.8 from the equator.
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Dumaguete Pier after storm Pablo
SOURCE: http://proudlydumaguete.blogspot.com/2012/12/dumaguete-pier-after-storm-pablo.html
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Lusapon, Boljoon, Cebu
SOURCE: http://www.demotix.com/news/1658858/waves-wreck-seaside-village-typhoon-bopha-spares-most-cebu#media-1658625
Wrath of Typhoon PABLO (Dec. 4, 2012)
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Dec. 4, 2012 YES, WE HAVE NO BANANAS TODAY A mother and her daughter wash their
clothes next to flattened banana trees at a plantation in Monte Vista town, Compostela Valley
province, on Wednesday after Typhoon Pablo ravaged the province. Pablo destroyed 70 to 80
percent of plantations mostly bananas for export, said Gov. Arthur Uy. AFP
SOURCE: http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/319131/waters-rose-so-suddenly
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SOURCE: http://ph.news.yahoo.com/photos/pablo-s-wrath-lives-taken-destruction-widespread-slideshow/officials-described-scenes-total-devastation-caused-philippines-worst-photo-183230520.html
A man looks at his damaged house destroyed by strong winds brought about by Typhoon Bopha in
Butuan City, Agusan del Norte, in the southern Philippine island of Mindanao. The death toll from a
typhoon that ravaged the Philippines has jumped to 274 with hundreds more missing, as rescuers
battled to reach areas cut off by floods and mudslides
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SOURCE: http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/regions/12/05/12/238-dead-hundreds-missing-due-pablo
Dec. 4, 2012 Bodies of flash flood victims lie on the ground as villagers look for their missing
relatives on Wednesday after Typhoon Pablo hit New Bataan in Compostela province. Pablo ravaged
parts of Mindanao killing over 200 people, but many more are reported missing. Photo: Reuters
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TYPHOON YOLANDA (HAIYAN) 2413Nov. 8, 2013
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Cebu
TYPHOON YOLANDA (HAIYAN) 2413Nov. 8, 2013
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Cebu
November 8, 2013 4:11 AMSuluan Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar
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Maximum sustained wind/Gustiness: 225/260 kph
Movement & speed: WNW at 39 kph
November 8, 2013 4:39 AMHomonhon Island, Eastern Samar
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Maximum sustained wind/Gustiness: 225/260 kph
Movement & speed: WNW at 39 kph
November 8, 2013 4:48 AMCalicoan Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar
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Maximum sustained wind/Gustiness: 225/260 kph
Movement & speed: WNW at 39 kph
November 8, 2013 5:30 AMManicani Island, Guiuan, Eastern Samar
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Maximum sustained wind/Gustiness: 235/275 kph
Movement & speed: WNW at 39 kph
November 8, 2013 6:50 AMSan Roque, Tolosa, Leyte
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Maximum sustained wind/Gustiness: 235/275 kph
Movement & speed: WNW at 39 kph
November 8, 2013 9:41 AMDaanbantayan-Medellin, Cebu
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Maximum sustained wind/Gustiness: 235/275 kph
Movement & speed: WNW at 39 kph
November 8, 2013 10:28 AMSanta Fe, Bantayan Island, Cebu
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Maximum sustained wind/Gustiness: 235/275 kph
Movement & speed: WNW at 39 kph
November 8, 2013 12:00 PMMangalabong Island, Concepcion, Iloilo
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Maximum sustained wind/Gustiness: 215/250 kph
Movement & speed: WNW at 40 kph
HOUR-BY-HOUR TRACK
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Impacts of TY YOLANDA
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Families Person Barangays Municipalities Provinces
3,424,593 16,078,181 12,139 574 44 provinces of
Regions IV-A, IV-B, V, VI, VII,VIII, X, XI, CARAGA
Source: NDRRMC,
as of 20 December 2013
SitRep #69
Affected Population
Casualties
Dead Injured Missing
6,092 27,665 1,779
Damage (PhP)
Infrastructure Agriculture TOTAL
18,226,835,334.29 18,354,150,996.38 36,662,086,330.67
Impacts: Damaged PAGASA Doppler radar in Guiuan, Eastern Samar
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photo - credit: AFP Central Command from their Facebook page:
https://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.35670128446730
6.1073741835.323973651073403&type=1
Guiuan, Eastern Samar
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Source: rappler.com
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Vehicles float in floodwaters Sunday, Nov. 10, 2013, following the devastation left by
Typhoon Haiyan that hit Tacloban city in Leyte province in central Philippines.
T YOLANDA (HAIYAN) Nov 8, 2013 Tacloban
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A survivor walks beside a ship that was washed ashore hitting makeshift houses near an
oil depot in Tacloban city, Leyte province central Philippines, Nov. 11, 2013. (AP
Photo/Aaron Favila)
Bantayan Island
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Source: http://www.rappler.com/nation/43319-cebu-municipalities-isolated
http://www.rappler.com/nation/43319-cebu-municipalities-isolatedhttp://www.rappler.com/nation/43319-cebu-municipalities-isolatedhttp://www.rappler.com/nation/43319-cebu-municipalities-isolatedhttp://www.rappler.com/nation/43319-cebu-municipalities-isolatedhttp://www.rappler.com/nation/43319-cebu-municipalities-isolatedhttp://www.rappler.com/nation/43319-cebu-municipalities-isolatedhttp://www.rappler.com/nation/43319-cebu-municipalities-isolatedhttp://www.rappler.com/nation/43319-cebu-municipalities-isolated -
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A resident runs past an uprooted tree amidst strong winds as Typhoon Haiyan pounded Cebu
City, in central Philippines on Nov. 8, 2013. (Jay Directo/AFP/Getty Images)
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Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
Cloud that produces Thunderstorm is the
C l i b Cl d
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12,000 m
9,000 m
6,000 m
3,000 m
Cumulonimbus Cloud
Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
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LIGHTNING
HEAVY RAINFALL
HAIL
TORNADO
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Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
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Forked LightningCrooked lightning
bolts discharge from
cloud to ground or
cloud to air
Sheet LightningClouds, rain blocks
forked lightning bolt,
but flash illuminates
clouds.
Ball LightningOn rare occasions,
small glowing balls
loops from the cloud,
but quickly vanish.
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DAMAGES DUE TO LIGHTNING STRIKE
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Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
LIGHTNING SAFETY
RULES (INDOORS)
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RULES (INDOORS)
STAY AWAY FROM ELECTRICALSOCKETS, APPLIANCES,TELEVISION AND TELEPHONES;
SHUT-OFF THE MAIN POWERSWITCH.
STAY AWAY FROM WINDOWS,WATER FAUCETS, PIPES ANDELECTRICAL OUTLETS.
LIGHTNING SAFETYRULES (OUTDOORS)
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RULES (OUTDOORS)
BE ALERT OF THE SIGNS OF THEIMPENDING STORM
GET AWAY FROM TREES OR TALLOBJECTS. STAY AWAY FROM HILLTOPS,
BENCHES AND OPEN FIELDS AND SEEKSHELTER IN A LOW LYING AREA SUCH ASA DITCH OR RAVINE.
IF YOU ARE WITH OTHER PEOPLE,SPREAD OUT.
STAY AWAY FROM WATER OR WET AREAS.
Lightning safety experts have invented
a "lightning safety position" that is very
WHAT TO DO IF THERE IS NOSHELTER AND YOU ARE CAUGHT IN A
THUNDERSTORM?
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a lightning safety position that is very
important to know if you are caught in
a thunder storm and you can't find ashelter. This position looks hard, but it
could save your life. There are several
reasons for doing it.
It makes you a smaller target.
With your heels together, if lightning hitsthe ground, it goes through the closest foot,up to your heel and then transfers to the
other foot and goes back to the groundagain. If you don't put your feet together,lightning could go through your heart andkill you.
You put your hands over your ears toprotect them from thunder.
THUNDERSTORM?
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Impacts of flooding
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Phase 1: Thunderstorm Warning
System (TSTM-WS)
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THUNDERSTORM ADVISORY No.2 VPRSD4:30 PM JULY 20, 2013
Expect thunderstorm over Dumanjug #Cebu, Ubay #Bohol and nearby areas within 1-2 hours.
All are advised to take precautionary measures against heavy rains, gusty winds, lightning and
possible flashfloods. Keep monitoring for updates.
THUNDERSTORM ADVISORY No.3 VPRSD6:20 PM JULY 20, 2013
Expect thunderstorm over Lapulapu, Cordova, Mandaue, Cebu City, Talisay, Minglanilla,
Consolacion, Liloan, Compostela, Danao #Cebu and nearby areas within 1-2 hours.
All are advised to take precautionary measures against heavy rains, gusty winds, lightning and
possible flashfloods. Keep monitoring for updates.
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THUNDERSTORM ADVISORY No.3 #VPRSD8:52 PM JULY 14, 2013
Expect thunderstorm over Escalante City, Toboso, Calatrava #NegrosOccidental
and nearby areas which may persist for 1-2 hours.
All are advised to take precautionary measures against heavy rains, gusty winds, lightning
and possible flashfloods.
Keep monitoring for updates.
THUNDERSTORM ADVISORY No.2 #VPRSD5:40 PM JULY 14, 2013
Expect thunderstorm over Himamaylan City, Kabankalan City, Ilog #NegrosOccidental
and nearby areas which may persist for 1-2 hours.
All are advised to take precautionary measures against heavy rains, gusty winds, lightning
and possible flashfloods.
Keep monitoring for updates.
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HAZARDS ASSOCIATEDWITH THUNDERSTORMS:
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TORNADO
SAMPLEPICTURES OF
DAMAGES DUE
TO TORNADOES
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(BUHAWI)
TORNADO AND TYPHOON
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AtmosphericPhenomena
Maximum
Wind Speed(kph)
Diameter(kms)
Lifespan
TORNADO 500 kph Less than
1km
20 30 min
TYPHOON 300 kph 1,000 km 5 7 days
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HAZARDS ASSOCIATEDWITH THUNDERSTORMS:
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HAIL (CHUNKS
OF ICE FROMTHE SKY)
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SW Monsoon Enhanced by T MARING (Aug. 17-21, 2013)
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Aug 6, 2012: Torrential rains due to the SW Monsoon (Habagat ) induced by
by T GENER have flooded Manila and neighboring Provinces, displacing
Tens of thousands of residents with a death toll of 57 persons.
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.and The Wedding
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Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA)
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TYPHOON PASSING NORTH OF
THE PLACE (CLOSELY WATCH
FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS
THE WINDS OF ATROPICAL
CYCLONE
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MANILA
FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS
THE TYPHOON APROACHES);
TYPHOON PASSING NORTH OF
THE PLACE (CLOSELY WATCH
FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS
THE WINDS OF ATROPICAL
CYCLONE
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MANILA
FOR THE WIND DIRECTIONS AS
THE TYPHOON APROACHES);
BACKING WINDS DUE WEST
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HAZARDS DUE TO TROPICALCYCLONES
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Storm Surge
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5 METER (16 FT) OF STORM SURGE STRIKES THE FLORIDA
PANHANDLE DURING HURRICANE ELOISE, 1975
T YOLANDA (HAIYAN) Nov 8, 2013
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T YOLANDA (HAIYAN) Nov 8, 2013
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Residents of coastal communities in Leyte were warned as early as two years ago
of severe flooding from storm surges reaching as high as 12 meters (39.37 feet).
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Survivors pass by two large boats after they were washed ashore by strong waves caused by Typhoon Haiyan in
Tacloban city, Leyte province central Philippines on Sunday, Nov. 10, 2013. (AP Photo/Aaron Favila)
Computed Storm Surge, Initial run time: 8:00AM, 07 Nov 2013
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Forecast Storm Surge, Initial run time: 8:00AM, 07 Nov2013 (JMA model)
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Public Storm WarningSignal Number 2
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A moderate tropical cyclone
will affect the locality.
Winds of 61 and up to 100
KPH may be expected in at
least24 hours.
Pu b l i c S t o r m W a r n i n g
S i g n a l N u m b e r 3
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A strong tropical cyclone will
affect the locality.
Winds of101 and up to 185
KPH may be expected in at
least18 hours.
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TY
Wind direction: Southwest
Why the frequent floods,
and how to prevent them?
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and how to prevent them?
Why does it flood so easilythese days?
RIYADH, SAUDI ARABIA (Nov. 17, 2013)
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Dec. 13, 2013: SNOW In Egypt for the First Time In 112 Years
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For the first time in 112 years, it snows in Cairo
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Climate change.The earths temperature is rising because the heat emitted by thesun is trapped by greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide and other gases) in the atmosphere. The
higher temperature is melting the polar ice caps, causing more water to evaporate. The
atmosphere becomes soaked with moisture More moisture in the clouds equals heavier rains
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atmosphere becomes soaked with moisture. More moisture in the clouds equals heavier rains.
The Greenhouse Effect
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PFCs
HFCs
SF6
Greenhouse gases(GHGs) trap heatfrom the sun tokeep the Earthwarm.
H2O
Water vapor
CO2
Carbon Dioxide
CH4
Methane
NO2
Nitrous Oxide
CO2
CH4
N2O
HFCs
PFCs SF6
CO2CO2
CH4CO2N2OCH
4
HFCs
SF6SF
6
CO2 CO
2
CO2
CO2
CO2CO2 CO
2
CH4
N2O
Theimagepartwi th relationship IDrId6 wasnotfound in thefile.
Increasing levels ofGHGsin the atmospheremakefor a warmer worldleadingto abrupt changes inclimate!
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More intense andlonger droughts
since 1970
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Direct Observationsof Recent Climate
Change
Increase intensity oftropical cyclone
activity since 1970.
Hot days, hotnights, & heat
waves havebecome morefrequent.
Source: IPCC 4th Assessment Report:
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Slide Copy 1
When Will We Feel Climate Change?
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Slide Copy 1
Slide Copy 2
Slide Copy 3
Slide Copy 4
Slide Copy 5
With the ice caps melting, more water is poured into the oceans, thusraising their levels. The seas invade low-lying areas. If the melting of
the ice does not stop, low-lying islands will disappear; the bigger ones
will have their areas reduced as the seas invade their shores.
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Global Projections of future changes in Climate
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Now.
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2005
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AUGUST 2012
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Melting Polar Ice Caps Create A Lake on Top of the World
Taken on July 25, 2013. A North Pole Environmental Observatory Webcam
C t lt d t th N th P l S I i A ti
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Captures a melt pond at the North Pole, Sea Ice in Arctic.
Sea Level Rise ProjectionsSea level rises caused by water expansion due to warming of oceans, and melting of
glaciers and ice sheets are projected to increase by 18 to 59 centimetres by 2100.
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18 cm 59 cm
Melting of glaciers
and ice sheets
Warming of
oceans
Simulations
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+ 4 Meters
+ 8 Meters
+12 Meters
Plan for the worst.
Hope for the best.
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CEBU CITY
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CEBU CITY
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CEBU CITY
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Iloilo City, the Philippines
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Fig. 2 Port of Iloilo
TACLOBAN CITY
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TACLOBAN CITY
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TACLOBAN CITY
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TACLOBAN CITY
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2rd Factor Illegal logging, Greedy loggers have ravaged our forests and mostof our mountains are now bald. Without trees, there are no roots to hold the soil together. Thus,
rainwater easily erodes the mountainsides, carrying the topsoil down to the streams and rivers
below.
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As the water flows down the waterways, it drops the silt it is carrying. Over the years,
this silt has made the waterways shallower so that they can hold less and less water.
They therefore easily overflow their banks.
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Floodwaters are now brown, unlike before when they were clearer and cleaner. That isbecause of the silt they are carrying. When the floods recede, they leave a thick layer of mud.
That is also the mud that they deposit at the bottom of the waterways.
3rd FactorRapid Urbanization With the development of morehousing subdivisions on what were once rice fields, the construction of more office buildings,shopping malls and residential condominiums in the cities, and the paving of more streets and
parking lots, a layer of nonporous concrete covers bigger and bigger parts of the land. Thus,
rain and floodwaters cannot pierce this layer to seep through the ground and into the
underground aquifers as they used to do. They have to stay atop all that concrete. The result:
floods.
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4th Factor Inadequate drainage system. The plannersdid not anticipate the big volumes of water that would inundate the land. The drainagesystem, therefore, cannot drain the rain and floodwaters fast enough.
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The fifth factor is GARBAGE
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specifically the bad habit of manyFilipinos to throw their trash
anywhere, and especially into
waterways.
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What can we do to improve the situation?1. Reduce all forms of burning so that the emission of
greenhouse gases is reduced, and stop or slow down therise in the earths temperature. That will help stop or slow
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down the melting of the polar ice caps and the rising levelsof the oceans.
2. Motor vehicles, power plants, factories burning coal, and
planters burning huge tracts of the Amazon rainforest arethe worst polluters of the earths atmosphere.
3. Leave more areas open to agriculture, parks, backyard
gardens, and other open spaces to leave rainwater more
room to seep into the ground.
4. Stop all logging, legal and illegal, as well as charcoal-
making. Charcoal makers cut even small trees. Dredge
waterways and lakes.
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5. Unclog drainage pipes and keep them clear of garbage.
Improve the drainage system.
6. Be good citizens and always follow laws.
How to Mitigate the Adverse Impact
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THE ECOTOWN
Enhancement of Carbon StocksWater SecurityFood Security
Renewable Energy from:
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Enhancement of Genetic Resourcesgy
Hydro
Solar
& Wind
Green Industries and Eco-tourismHydro-meteorological hazard mitigation
P. S.
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things to
remember
Building Resilience (flexible) alwaysinvolves taking some risks.
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Resilience reduces the burdenplaced on governments
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Resilience requiresCreative Innovation
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BuildingResilience can
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feel a bit likethis.
but when thetask is shared it
is realisable
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Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration
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"In the end, we will conserve onlywhat we love, we will love only what
we understand, and we will
understand only what we are taught." Baba Dioum, Senegalese conservationist
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Plantmore
Trees!!
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Visit us at our website:
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