Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt
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Transcript of Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt
![Page 1: Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102808/55cf9b54550346d033a59f40/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Hydraulic Shovel Vs. Wheel Loader
Cedric Otzenberger, LFR September, 2006
Why both are such great machines
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The Hydraulic Shovel
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All pics courtesy of "Le Tourneau"
The Wheel Loader
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41 m3
1950's (Liebherr "Elephant")
21st century(Le Tourneau)
The Wheel Loader
![Page 5: Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102808/55cf9b54550346d033a59f40/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Wheel Loader
![Page 6: Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102808/55cf9b54550346d033a59f40/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
1. Generalities
2. Wheel Loader Advantages
3. Hydraulic Shovel Advantages
4. Conclusion
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• The Wheel Loader is the best machine to load material
• The Hydraulic Shovel is the best machine to load material
![Page 8: Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102808/55cf9b54550346d033a59f40/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Hydraulic Shovel
WheelLoader
Lousy -
Super -
- Lousy
- Super
Hard Rock Strictly RehandlingHigh Penetration Force Easy Digging
NO travel MUST travelTight Quarters Open Space
High Dumping Height (Lower Dumping Height)Abrasive Material Nonabrasive Material
Rough Floor Smooth Floor
Hydraulic Shovel & Wheel Loader
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This is still today where it excels.
This is what the Wheel Loaderoriginally was designed to
Strictly RehandlingEasy Digging
MUST travelOpen Space
(Lower Dumping Height)Nonabrasive MaterialSmooth Floor
The Wheel Loader's basic design has not changed in 55 years
Wheel Loader
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Strictly Rehandling
Easy Digging
MUST travel
Open Space
(Lower Dumping Height)
Smooth Material
Smooth Floor
This leads to:
• Large Bucket Capacity
• High Ratio of Bucket capacity to operating weight
• Easy travel and steering (highly maneuverable)
• Rubber tires
• Fast travel speed
• etc.
Wheel Loader
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This, by the way, was in 180° contrast to the only loading machine known then - the cable shovel.
These facts made it new, interesting, promising and lent it immediate success.
Wheel Loader
• Large Bucket Capacity
• High Ratio of Bucket capacity to Operating weight
• Easy travel and steering (highly maneuverable)
• Rubber tires
• Fast travel speed
• etc.
![Page 12: Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102808/55cf9b54550346d033a59f40/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1. Generalities
2. Wheel Loader Advantages
3. Hydraulic Shovel Advantages
4. Conclusion
![Page 13: Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102808/55cf9b54550346d033a59f40/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
"Typical" features of the wheel loader idea:
1- To move the bucket into the material the whole machine has to move
Wheel Loader
![Page 14: Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102808/55cf9b54550346d033a59f40/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
• Total weight of machine has to be accelerated from zero to maximum speed FOUR times each cycle
• Total weight of machine has to be braked down from maximum speed to a dead stop THREE times each cycle
• The fourth time the whole machine weight runs into the material tryingto help filling the bucket
To move the bucket into the material the whole machine has to move
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The Hydraulic Shovel moves just its Attachment
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"Typical" features of the wheel loader idea:
1- To move the bucket into the material the whole machine has to move
2- The bucket has to stay at floor level to clear the way for the tires
Wheel Loader
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The bucket has to stay at floor level to clear the way for tires
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?What, if it's harder material?
The bucket has to stay at floor level to clear the way for tires
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The bucket can penetrate anywhere within the attachment digging envelope
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"Typical" features of the wheel loader idea:
1- To move the bucket into the material the whole machine has to move
2- The bucket has to stay at floor level to clear the way for the tires
3- The bucket HAS to be as wide as the whole machine
Wheel Loader
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• This makes buckets relatively wide and spreads penetrating forces thin
• The bucket MUST clear a wide enough path for the tires to avoid damaging them
• If the bucket is not wide enough…….
The bucket HAS to be as wide as the whole machine
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(no comment)
The bucket HAS to be as wide as the whole machine
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• The wheel loader bucket MUST be as wide as the machine.
The bucket HAS to be as wide as the whole machine
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• The hydraulic shovel can choose the width of its bucket.
The bucket could be as narrow as the attachment
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• The hydraulic shovel can penetrate the material from a stand still at any angle.
plus…
The bucket could be as narrow as the attachment
The wheel loader can not !
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"Typical" features of the wheel loader idea:
1- To move the bucket into the material the whole machine has to move
2- The bucket has to stay at floor level to clear the way for the tires
3- The bucket HAS to be as wide as the whole machine
4- Penetration force depends on the friction value of the rubber tires
Wheel Loader
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= Weight of total machine x Tire friction coefficient
Friction coefficient for rubber on dry gravel 0.4 to 0.85wet gravel 0.4 to 0.8dry rock 0.55 to 0.75wet rock 0.55 to 0.75wet ice 0.05 to 0.1dry snow 0.1 to 0.55
(This is why data sheets may show "tractive effort" but not crowd force)
Max. penetration force = friction value of the rubber tires
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• When the going gets tough (abrasive), the wheel loader can/will use chains to protect its tires
Note: The friction coefficient of steel on rock is considerably less than the one of rubber on rock, resulting in greatly reduced penetrating force
= Weight of total machine x Tire friction coefficient
Max. penetration force = friction value of the rubber tires
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"Typical" features of the wheel loader idea:
1- To move the bucket into the material the whole machine has to move
5- Any type shock the bucket lip gets is passed on to the whole machine
2- The bucket has to stay at floor level to clear the way for the tires
3- The bucket HAS to be as wide as the whole machine
4- Penetration force depends on the friction value of the rubber tires
Wheel Loader
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Any type shock the bucket lip gets is passed on to the whole machine
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This is certainly not the case with the hydraulic shovel
Any type shock the bucket lip gets is passed on to the whole machine
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1. Generalities
2. Wheel Loader Advantages
3. Hydraulic Shovel Advantages
4. Conclusion
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Hard Rock Strictly Rehandling…………………..
High Penetration Force Easy Digging…………………..
NO travel MUST travel…………………..Tight Quarters Open Space…………………..
High Dumping Height (Lower Dumping Height)…………………..
Abrasive Material Nonabrasive Material…………………..
Rough Floor Smooth Floor…………………..
The hydraulic shovel was designed to excel where the wheel loader is weak by design.
The hydraulic shovel
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It avoids many of the short comings of the Cable Shovel and . . .
. . . and it does not want to be a replacement for the Wheel Loader
The hydraulic shovel is a loading machine of its own
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Hard Rock Strictly Rehandling…………………..
High Penetration Force Easy Digging…………………..
NO travel MUST travel…………………..Tight Quarters Open Space…………………..
High Dumping Height (Lower Dumping Height)…………………..
Abrasive Material Nonabrasive Material…………………..
Rough Floor Smooth Floor…………………..
1
234
567
Advantages of the hydraulic shovel over the wheel loader
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Hard Rock1
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Hard Rock1
Loading hard rock requires:
•High Penetrating or Digging Force
•High Break-out force
REAL*
* "real" meaning - in the material, not just in the data sheet
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High Penetration Force Easy Digging…………………..
NO travel MUST travel…………………..Tight Quarters Open Space…………………..
High Dumping Height (Lower Dumping Height)…………………..
Abrasive Material Nonabrasive Material…………………..
Rough Floor Smooth Floor…………………..
234
567
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High Penetration or Crowd Force2
• Wheel loader: The machine's total penetrating force is as high as its tractive effort, which is limited by the available friction between tires and ground.
= Weight x Tire friction coefficient
• Hydraulic shovel: Its total Crowd force force is determined by its hydraulic cylinders and the attachment geometry. Ground friction is normally not a limiting factor.
Non-moving double grouser shoeswill dig in.
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High Penetration or Crowd Force2
This actually available digging force has to be divided by the width of the bucket to get the real or "specific" force per meter of cutting edge
The wheel loader will always have (to have) a wider bucket than the hydraulic shovel
So even with the identical data sheet crowd force/tractive effort, the shovel has a higher specific force = more kN per meter of cutting edge
Cat 994F17 m3
R 935018 m3
5,7m 4,1 m
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High Breakout Force2
Breakout force is the available force at the bucket teeth to break the material and fill the bucket once the crowd motion stops.
R 935018 m3
Cat 994F17 m3
F
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100
Approx. 0,4 – 0,5m
2
Cat 994F17 m3
Wheel Loader - Breakout Leverage
Per SAE regulation the breakout force for a wheel loader bucket is calculated 100mm (4“) behind its cutting edge.
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2
Cat 994F17,5 m3
Wheel Loader - Breakout Leverage
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2Wheel Loader - Breakout Leverage
Cat 994F17 m3
Much smallerREAL Breakout Force in the Material
100Calculated Breakout Force per Data sheet
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Cylinder force lever
Cylinder force
Breakout force lever lengthused for calculation
Theoretical or Datasheet Breakout force
2Wheel Loader - Breakout Leverage
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NEW Cylinder force lever
Cylinder force
Real "In the material" breakout force lever length
REALBreakout forcein the material
2Wheel Loader - Breakout Leverage
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In contrast to the wheel loader, per SAE regulation the breakout force for a Hydraulic Shovel bucket is calculated at the tip of the teeth
2Hydraulic Shovel - Breakout Leverage
Cylinder force
Theoretical or Datasheet Breakout force
Cylinder force lever
Theoretical breakout force lever length= Bucket radius
![Page 48: Hydraulic Shovel Vs Wheel Loader - September 2006.ppt](https://reader038.fdocuments.net/reader038/viewer/2022102808/55cf9b54550346d033a59f40/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
2Hydraulic Shovel - Breakout Leverage
Real "In the material" breakout force lever length
Down pressure of machine and
attachmentREALBreakout forcein the material plus
additional Breakout force from the machine's down pressure
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…………………..NO travel …………………..
Tight Quarters
High Dumping Height …………………..
Abrasive Material …………………..
Rough Floor …………………..
4
567
3
MUST travelOpen Space
(Lower Dumping Height)Nonabrasive MaterialSmooth Floor
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Wheel Loader - Tight Quarters3
• Loading of trucks with wheel loader requires a lot of room in the loading area
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Hydraulic Shovel - Tight Quarters3
• Minimum required space: only for truck positioning / loading and for the
shovel itself
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NO travel …………………..
High Dumping Height …………………..
Abrasive Material …………………..
Rough Floor …………………..
4
567
MUST travel(Lower Dumping Height)Nonabrasive MaterialSmooth Floor
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Wheel Loader - NO travel4
• A lot of movement at the face and loading area is required in order to properly position the wheel loader
• This will also lead to effectively and efficiently load haul trucks
Muck pile
Tru
ck
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Hydraulic Shovel - NO travel4
• The hydraulic shovel can penetrate the material from a stand still at any angle
• The hydraulic shovel can also load trucks from the same stand still
Muck pile
Tru
ck
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High Dumping Height …………………..
Abrasive Material …………………..
Rough Floor …………………..
567
(Lower Dumping Height)Nonabrasive MaterialSmooth Floor
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Cat 994F17 m3
Wheel Loader - High Dumping Height5
• The wheel loader lifting capacity is always lower than the comparable hydraulic shovel model
• Wheel loaders are often equipped with an optional “high lift arrangement” in order to match the existing mine truck fleet
177 tonnes190 tons
• Very short distance to truck
• Danger of truck side damage
• Impossible to pile up the truck
• Bad view
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Hydraulic Shovel - High Dumping Height5
• Compared to wheel loaders, hydraulic shovel have several advantages in terms of truck loading situations
• Enough space between the excavator and the truck
• Can easily pile up the truck
• Better view into the truck dump body
R 935018 m3
177 tonnes190 tons
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Cat 994F17 m3
Hydraulic Shovel - High Dumping Height5
• Compared to wheel loaders, hydraulic shovel have several advantages in terms of truck loading situations
Max dump height = 7,60m Max dump height = 11,20m
R 935018 m3
177 tonnes190 tons
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Abrasive Material …………………..
Rough Floor …………………..67
Nonabrasive MaterialSmooth Floor
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Wheel Loader - Abrasive Material6
• Free flowing material
• Very well blasted materials
• Stock piles materials
• Unconsolidated material
The wheel loader is the ideal loading machine for:
Free Flowing
Well Fragmented
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Hydraulic Shovel - Abrasive Material6
• Tightly blasted material
• Consolidated Material
Tightly Shot
Consolidated
• Unblasted Material
• Material at the toe of the blast
The hydraulic shovel is the ideal loading machine for:
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• In poorly fragmented or abrasive materials, the hydraulic excavator performs better than any other loading tool
• Crowd and breakout forces increase loading efficiency by increasing bucket fill factors
Hydraulic Shovel - Abrasive Material6
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Rough Floor …………………..7 Smooth Floor
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Wheel Loader - Rough Floor7
• Wheel Loaders used in severe loading applications have shown poor tire life
cycles
• The use of protective chains increases the tire lifetime but decreases the
wheel loader adhesion i.e. penetrating force
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Hydraulic Shovel - Rough Floor7
• Hydraulic shovel can work, without restrictions, on varying ground conditions within the pit
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1. Generalities
2. Wheel Loader Advantages
3. Hydraulic Shovel Advantages
4. Conclusion
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Application
• Bad operator’s comfort
• Digging only possible on ground level
• Good cleaning of floor not feasible
• Requires firm ground conditions
• Not suitable for direct digging applications
• Not suitable for drop-ball application
Productivity
• Longer cycles (due to higher number of movements per pass)
• Lower breakout and crowd forces
• Less productive in bad shots
Summary - Disadvantages of Wheel Loaders
Wheel Loader disadvantages = Hydraulic shovel advantages
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Capital cost
• Lower life expectancy combined with higher investment at comparable productivity
Operating cost
• Significant cost for tires and protection chains
• Higher power-demand and thus higher fuel consumption for comparable productivity
Wheel Loader disadvantages = Hydraulic shovel advantages
Summary - Disadvantages of Wheel Loaders
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Thank you
for your attention
Thank you
for your attention
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