• Hydrates of carbon molecules• Main function is to provide energy• Categories of carbohydrates include

– Simple Carbohydrates (sugars) • Monosaccharide• disaccharides

– Complex Carbohydrates (starches and fiber)• polysaccharides

Carbohydrates

Simple Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide

•______________ • _______________________________

• ________________

C6H12O6

Yellow= hydrogen, Green= oxygen, Pink= carbon

Simple Carbohydrates: _________________

•sugar made of _____ _________________ bonded together

•Examples: Sucrose, maltose, lactose

•Sucrose is made of a covalent bond between __________ and _____________

C12H22O11

Required Dehydration

Lose H2O, left with shared O

Sugars in Food

__________________ is the application of heat to break

down sugars

_____________ is the formation of crystals.

• Important for many candies like fudge and fondant.

________ Carbohydrates: Cellulose• Humans cannot digest• A ________________ made of

_________________• Makes up dietary fiber

__________ Carbohydrates: Starch

• Starch is a type of ________________• Made up of a chain of thousands of glucose molecules

• Store energy in plants • Gelatinizes between 140-158°

Lipids

• Form in which animals store ____________

• Fats can come from both ________ and _______ sources

• Most lipids are fats or oil

http://ed.ted.com/lessons/what-is-fat-george-zaidan

1.Triglycerides are made up of glycerol and 3 chains of __________

2.____________ are fats that can be solid or liquid3.Fatty acids can be ___________ or ____________4.Fatty acids with only single bonds between

carbons are called ______________ and are generally _______ for you

5.Fatty acids with at least one double bond are called ________________ and are _________ for you

6.The two forms of unsaturated fat are __________ and _________

7.Which form is

______________ Fats

• _______________• Should be consumed

in moderation• _________ at room

temperature– May be cis or trans

fat

_____________ fats

• ______________• Have some health

benefits• _______ at room

temperature

• fatty acids• Affect flavor and smell of foods

Proteins

• Proteins are ____________________________• The characteristics of a protein are determined by the

_____________________________________• There are _____________that can be found in proteins• The amino acid bond is a peptide bond between a

molecule from the __________ group (-NH2) and a molecule from the ___________ group (-COOH)

Primary Structure: Sequence of a ____________________

Secondary Protein Structure: Occurs when the sequence of amino acids are ____________ ________________________

Tertiary Protein Structure: Occurs when certain attractions are present between alpha helices and pleated sheets

Quaternary Protein Structure: A protein Consisting of more than one amino acid _______

• A mineral is an element found in small amounts in the body. – Minerals are essential in skeleton growth and

necessary for body systems to function properly.

Minerals

Macro vs Micro

• There are two groups of minerals.

– ____________________ (or majorminerals)

– ____________________ (or trace minerals)

• A vitamin is an __________ substance needed in small quantities to perform specific functions.– They do not ____________, but are necessary

in _____________. – Vitamins aid the body by assisting to regulate

body functions, keeping the body healthy, and developing resistance to diseases.

Vitamins

What is the importance of vitamins as a nutrient?

• Vitamins are in one of two groups. – ____________ vitamins are stored in ___________

and released as they are needed by the body. • These include vitamins ________________

– ______________are dissolved by __________ and need to be consumed every day. • They include vitamin _______and

_______________.

ADEK

___________________________________ __________________________________

The ________________- dissolves many substances

Water also promotes biochemical processes. All biochemical reactions in the body require

water. Water is a major component of cells, blood, and

body tissues.

Water

Phytochemicals

• Chemicals made by plants to serve a function such as _____________________ ___________________________________

• Many have health benefits for humans • Found in fruits and veggies

o _________________________o Help prevent the formation of carcinogens

(cancer-producing substances)o Reduce cholesterol levelso Help move food through your intestinal tract