[Future of Hybrid Cars]

Presentation On

QUANTUM SCHOOL OF TECHNOLOGY

BY :ADITYA AGGARWAL

STUDENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

IIND YEARSECTION – IST

ROLL NO. - 28

IN PRESENCE OF

MR. HARSHWARDHAN SHARMA

(FACULTY – SOLID MECHANICS)QUANTUM SCHOOL OF

TECHNOLOGY

WHAT IS HYBRID?

A hybrid vehicle is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct

power sources to move the vehicle. The term most

commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), which

combine an internal combustion engine and one

or more electric motors.

Power sources for hybrid vehicles include:

On-board or out-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS)

Compressed air

Coal, wood or other solid combustibles

Electricity

Electromagnetic fields, Radio waves

Compressed or liquefied natural gas

POWER SOURCES

Human powered e.g. pedalling or

rowing

Hydrogen

Liquid nitrogen

Petrol or Diesel fuel

Solar

Wind

Waste heat from internal combustion

engine.

POWER SOURCES

VEHICLE TYPES

Two-wheeled and cycle-type vehiclesHeavy vehiclesRail transportRoad transport, commercial vehiclesCranesMilitary off-road vehiclesShipsAircraft

TYPES OF ENGINESHybrid electric-petroleum vehiclesA petroleum-electric hybrid use internal combustion engines (generally gasoline) and electric batteries to power the vehicle

Continuously outboard recharged electric vehicle (COREV)The BEV establishes contact with an overhead wires on the highway via an attached conducting wheel or other similar mechanism. The BEV's batteries are recharged by this process—on the highway—and can then be used normally on other roads until the battery is discharged.

Hybrid fuel (dual mode)In addition to vehicles that use two or more different devices for propulsion, some also consider vehicles that use distinct energy sources or input types ("fuels") using the same engine to be hybrids

Fluid power hybridHydraulic and pneumatic hybrid vehicles use an engine to charge a pressure accumulator to drive the wheels via hydraulic or pneumatic (i.e. compressed air) drive units.

Electric-human power hybrid vehicleUse human power to start and stop. when used by manual power, its battery gets charged

TYPES OF ENGINES

Two types of hybrids

Parallel In the parallel hybrid car petrol and electric motor can power the transmission at the same time.

Series. In the series hybrid car the petrol engine never directly powers the transmission. It turns a generator instead. The generator will then either charge the batteries or power an electric motor that, in turn, drives the transmission.

TYPES OF HYBRIDIZATIO

N

WORKING OF HYBRID CAR

Hybrid componentsEssentially hybrid vehicles are made up of six interlinked parts

Fuel tank. The fuel tank stores the energy sources, petrol, for its gasoline engine.

Gasoline engine. It’s a much smaller gasoline engine compared to a conventional engine as discussed already. Unlike the electric motor, which can charge batteries and draw from them, it’s a one way street of fuel from tank to engine.

HYBRID COMPONENT

Electric motor. It has the dual functions of a motor and generator. It can act as a brake and transfer this braking energy to the batteries and draw electricity from the batteries when needed, such as during acceleration.

Generator. It produces electrical energy.

Batteries. These are the "fuel tank" for the electric motor.

Transmission. Like in conventional cars, the transmission transmits energy produced by the engine to the car’s wheels

HYBRID COMPONENT

FUTURE OF HYBRID CAR

In the near future hybrid batteries are going to be one of the biggest areas of hybrid vehicle development. Currently, hybrid vehicles utilize NiMH battery technology, but it appears that the future will almost certainly be dominated by Lithium-ion batteries.In a decade or less, it isn't inconceivable to imagine hybrid batteries that are two or three times as efficient as today's batteries, but half as heavy and half as expensive.

HYBRID TECHNOLOGY

Various Hybrid Technologies are developed with time. These

developments led to enhancement in future Technology for Hybrids.

Some of these are……

DIESEL HYBRID

In the short term, there is a lot of potential for diesel hybrids, especially outside of the United States. Since diesel offers better fuel economy than gasoline, diesel hybrids would be more fuel efficient than gasoline hybrids. Already Ford has shown off the Reflex Diesel hybrid, and even small manufacturers have put together offerings, such as the Engima diesel hybrid.

FLEX-FUEL HYBRID

Ford is also rolling out their Flex-Fuel Ford Escape hybrid. Since ethanol and other bio-fuels have gained national attention, these hybrids offer the ability to use home grown fuel, rather than foreign oil. Additionally, flex-fuel creates competition between fuel choices.

PLUG-IN HYBRID

A plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), also known as a plug-in hybrid, is a hybrid electric vehicle with rechargeable batteries that can be restored to full charge by connecting a plug to an external electric powersource many fans of plug-in hybrids seek to utilize home generated solar and wind power in which to 'plug-in' their hybrids. Moreover, current technology could already convert hybrids to 100+ mpg vehicles. If investment into this segment is increased, cheaper and greater fuel efficient hybrid batteries are inevitable.Combined with flex-fuel capabilities, flex-fuel plug-in hybrids could completely change the automotive world.

HYDROGEN HYBRID

Already Ford and Toyota have been working on hybrids that utilize hydrogen rather than gasoline. In fact several hydrogen hybrids are already on the road.These hydrogen hybrids are seen as a bridge to fuel cell hybrids because they could start laying the foundation for hydrogen fueling stations.

FUEL CELL HYBRID

While many see hydrogen hybrids as a 'bridge' to fuel cell vehicles, the truth is, most fuel cell vehicles will inevitably be fuel cell hybrid vehicles. Ultimately, hybrid vehicles aren't a bridge to fuel cell vehicles, they represent an integral piece of fuel cell vehicle technology.

ADVANTAGES OF HYBRID

CARS

Advantages of Hybrid CarsHybrid cars carry with them a bundle of advantages. Hybrids combine clean energy of the electrical motor with the power of the gas-powered engine which results into lower emissions and better mileage. Thanks to the ever improving technology, hybrids perform at par with the normal ga-powered vehicles, if not better. Hybrids are reliable and comfortable as any traditional car and they have a tax benefits(only till 2006). There are purchase incentives for Hybrid vehicle owners (varies by state).

Hybrids are much cleaner cars than normal vehicles with lesser CO and other greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrids provide a better mileage. The future for hybrids looks bright with rapid developments in hybrid technology to improve engine efficiency. Due to the Regenerative Braking technology, the batteries need not be charged by an external source. Special warranties are provided for the battery pack, the electric motor other costly items. Hybrids help reduce the dependency on fossil fuels which directly affects fuel prices

ADVANTAGES OF HYBRID

CARS

Hybrid car disadvantagesOf course disadvantages too. There are always trade-offs.High initial purchase price – about 30% higher than for conventional cars. However, offsetting this cost, some governments offer a "clean-fuel vehicle" tax refund, worth of up to $2000.

DISADVANTAGES OF HYBRID

CARS

HYBRIDGREEN