HVDC Station Layout, Equipment LCC & VSC and Integration of ...
Transcript of HVDC Station Layout, Equipment LCC & VSC and Integration of ...
1 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Dr. Dietmar RetzmannSiemens AG
HVDC Station Layout, Equipment LCC & VSC and Integration of Renewables using HVDC
1 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
2 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Overview
1. Introduction2. HVDC Station Layout and Equipment – LCC3. HVDC Station Layout and Equipment – VSC4. Integration of Renewable Energy Sources
using HVDC5. Conclusions
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1.
ntroductionHVDC – Green EnergyHVDC – Security of Supply
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Reuters: Wind Power & HVDC – January 26, 2011
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Increasing Demand for Power Generation* – from 3,620 GW in 2000 to 5,324 GW in 2010 and to 9,669 GW in 2030
Strong Environmental Constraints – Limitation on Power Plant Expansions
Natural Energy Resources far away from the Load Centers
Severe Right-of-Way Constraints
Electric Power Markets – they need HVDC
A crucial Issue in many Countries, in Europe in particular
* Source: Siemens E ST, 2011
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Equipment LCC
2.
Station Layout and
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HVDCHVDCConfiguration
Possibilities
High-Voltage Direct Current
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Configurations Bipolar
Bipolar, Metallic Return
Bipolar, Ground Return – System with two Lines
System needs three Lines !
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Configurations Monopolar *
Monopolar, Metallic Return Monopolar, two DC Lines and Ground Return
Monopolar, one DC Line and Ground Return
* Examples with one Pole out of Service
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Terminals in parallel
Terminals in series
Parallel: the “Standard” VersionParallel: the “Standard” Version
Multiterminal HVDC
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1 AC Switchyard
2 AC Filters, C-Banks
3 Converter Transformers
4 Thyristor Valves
5 Smoothing Reactors11 22 33 44 55
Controls, Protection, Monitoring
44 33 22 11
ACFilter
ACFilter
HVDC Back-to-Back Station
System 1 System 2
ACACACAC AC
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6 DC Switchyard
5 Smoothing Reactorsand DC Filters
4 Thyristor Valves
3 Converter Transformers
2 AC Filters, CapacitorBanks
1 AC Switchyard
Pole 1
Pole 2
6644332211
Controls, Protection, MonitoringTo/ fromotherTerminal
55
DCfilter
DCfilter
ACfilter
Bipolar HVDC Station – LDT with OHL
System 1 System 2
ACACACAC AC
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AC-Filter Bus
C11
3
L14Fachv
L2
C2
AC-Bus 2
ArrA
ArrB4
ArrB3
ArrB2
ArrB1
7
6
5
8
10
9
11
ArrC
ArrE1
ArrE2
ArrD
Lsmooth
Fdc Fdc
Neutral
FacIv
AC-Filter
DC Line
HVDC Basic Design: Arrester Arrangement
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HVDC Thyristor Valves – Principle Circuit of a 12-Pulse Group
Multiple Valve Unit(QuadrupleValve)
A
BC
Valve Arm
Valve Tower Arrangement
A B C1
2
3
4
Example 500 kV
Neutral
to DC Line: + or -
12-Pulse Group
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15 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Option to use the 2nd Conductor for
“Metallic Return”
Option to use the 2nd
With MonopolarSystem, only “Ground
Return” available
LDT – Configurations Monopolar/Bipolar
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DC Overhead Lines and Tower Configurations
12.94(Cap & Pin)
7.33(Composite Longrod)
5.06 (Composite) /6.18 (Porcelain)
4.34 (Porcelain Cap & Pin) / 3.60 (Composite)
mPracticable Length of Suspension Insulator String
Cap & Pin /Porcelain Longrod
Cap & Pin / Porcelain Longrod /
Composite
Cap & Pin /Porcelain Longrod /
Composite
Cap & Pin / Porcelain Longrod /
Composite
-Typical Insulator Type
39 ~ 9331 ~ 51Lattice Tower: 36 ~ 51 / Monopole: 49.18 ~ 48.18
25 ~ 40mRange of Tower Heights
-Typical Suspension Tower Outline(not to scale)
16.0011.00 – 13.0010.00 – 11.008.50mMinimum Required GroundClearance (Subject to localRegulations)
85 ~ 9055 ~ 7045 ~ 5040mRequired Right-of-Way
1,500 ~ 5,000700 ~ 1,500500 ~ 1,000300 -750kmEconomical Transmission Distance of Line
6x / 8x4x / 6x / 8x2x / 3x / 4x / 6x2x / 3x / 4xBundleNo. of Conductors per PoleMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / Bipolar-DC System Configuration
3,000 ~ 7,5001,500 ~ 3,0001,000 ~ 2,000600 ~ 1,000MWSuitable Power Rating± 800 kV± 500 kV± 400 kV± 300 kVUnitDescription
Nominal DC Voltage
12.94(Cap & Pin)
7.33(Composite Longrod)
5.06 (Composite) /6.18 (Porcelain)
4.34 (Porcelain Cap & Pin) / 3.60 (Composite)
mPracticable Length of Suspension Insulator String
Cap & Pin /Porcelain Longrod
Cap & Pin / Porcelain Longrod /
Composite
Cap & Pin /Porcelain Longrod /
Composite
Cap & Pin / Porcelain Longrod /
Composite
-Typical Insulator Type
39 ~ 9331 ~ 51Lattice Tower: 36 ~ 51 / Monopole: 49.18 ~ 48.18
25 ~ 40mRange of Tower Heights
-Typical Suspension Tower Outline(not to scale)
16.0011.00 – 13.0010.00 – 11.008.50mMinimum Required GroundClearance (Subject to localRegulations)
85 ~ 9055 ~ 7045 ~ 5040mRequired Right-of-Way
1,500 ~ 5,000700 ~ 1,500500 ~ 1,000300 -750kmEconomical Transmission Distance of Line
6x / 8x4x / 6x / 8x2x / 3x / 4x / 6x2x / 3x / 4xBundleNo. of Conductors per PoleMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / BipolarMonopolar / Bipolar-DC System Configuration
3,000 ~ 7,5001,500 ~ 3,0001,000 ~ 2,000600 ~ 1,000MWSuitable Power Rating± 800 kV± 500 kV± 400 kV± 300 kVUnitDescription
Nominal DC Voltage
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17 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Hydro Plants for: Base Load and Pump Storage
Plus Wind Power
“flexible”
“fuzzy”
Basslink HVDC: remote Infeed of Green Energy
no additional Thermal Plants
Cost Reduction
Benefits of HVDC: Clean Energy CO2 Reduction
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Covering Base and Peak-Load Demands
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Basslink HVDC: Converter Arial View
2006500 MW
Example of HVDC “Classic”
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Basslink HVDC – AC Filters
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Basslink HVDC – DC Wall Bushing and DC Reactor
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Commercial Operation: 2006
Optimization of the Transmission System
Sea Cable
Underground Cable
Converter Station
500 kV Substation
3.2 km 57.4 km 295 km
Transition Station
6.4 km
Underground Cable
Converter Station
Transition Station
220 kV Substation
1.7 km 2.1 km8.9 km
McGaurans Beach
Five Mile Bluff
Bass Strait
Loy Yang Georgetown
System Data:
Transmission Capacity: 500 / 600 MWDC Voltage: 400 kV
10 hrs Overload
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Examples of DC Lines – Basslink 400 kVFrom “Small” to “Large” Line
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Basslink 400 kV DC Line: Right-of-Way
For Comparison: 300 kV DC Tower
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Welcome great Outdoors !
From DC Line to Cable – Basslink HVDC
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25 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
HVDC Cable Options
Mass Impregnated Self-Contained Fluid Filled Extruded
Photos: Prysmian Cables and Systems, 2009
MI: Insulated with special Paper, impregnated with High-Viscosity Compound
SCFF: Insulated with special Paper, impregnated with Low-Viscosity Oil Extruded: Insulated with extruded Polyethylene-Based Compound
Voltages up to 600 kV DC
. C
onductors up to2,700 m
m2
Voltages up to 600 kV DC
. C
onductors up to3,000 m
m2
Voltages up to 320 kV DC
. C
onductors up to3,000 m
m2 (A
l)
– Data: Status 2011 25 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
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DC Cable Laying
Source: Prysmian Cables and Systems, 2008
Joints
Cable Termination
Land Cable:
1 km only !
Sea Cable:
100 km
Maximal Length of the Cable Sections
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27 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
GURUN HVDC CONVERTER STATION
“Hotel DC”
Adaptation to the localArchitecture 2001
300 MW TNB-EGAT HVDC Interconnection
Source: 10-2011
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Ballycronan More
Auchencrosh
Operated by:Moyle Interconnector Ltd., Northern Ireland
System Data:Rating 2 x 250 MWVoltage 250 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 64 km
Benefits
Sharing ofReserve Capacity
No Increase inShort-Circuit Power
Power Exchangeby Sea Cable
World's first HVDC with LTT and wafer-integrated BOD
The Task: Sea-Cable Transmission
2001
Europe – HVDC Moyle Interconnector
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HVDC Moyle Interconnector – An Arial View
Example of HVDC “Classic”
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30 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
New DC Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA
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Neptune HVDC – Station Sayreville
2007660 MW
Example of HVDC “Classic”
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Neptune HVDC – Station Duffy Avenue
‘Snapshots’ from the Inauguration on 10-11-2007
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33 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Neptune HVDC – Station Duffy Avenue ‘Snapshots’ from the Inauguration on 10-11-2007
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DC Station Neptune – with DC Cable 500 kV
Valve Hall
DC Hall
Transformers
Control Building
AC Filters
AC Switchgear
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No Increase inShort-Circuit Power
Europe – The HVDC Portfolio is growing …
Customer:BritNed Developm. Ltd.
System Data:Rating 2 x 500 MWVoltage ± 450 kVThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 260 km
2010
Sharing ofReserve Capacity
Power Exchangeby Sea Cable
Customer:Energinet.dk
System Data:Rating 600 MWVoltage 400 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 56 km
2011BritNed
Storebælt
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Storebælt: Station Herslev – DC Yard
2010
600 MW
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Storebælt: Station Fraugde – DC Converter
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38 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
BritNed: Station Maasvlatke – AC Yard
2011
2 x 500 MW
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39 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
BritNed: Station Maasvlatke – AC Yard
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2010
India
East-South Interconnector and Ballia-Bhiwadi
Example of HVDCBallia-Bhiwadi:
Reduction in CO2: 688,000 tons p.a.through 37 % less Transmission Losses at*
2 x 3-ph AC 400 kV
1 x +/- 500 kV
DC versus AC
2,500 MW
2003/20072,000/2,500 MW
… too long for 400 kV AC1,450 km
Sustainability in Transmission – HVDC in India:
* 2,500 MW800 km
Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
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HVDC Ballia-Bhiwadi, India – DC Yard
20102,500 MW
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42 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Sustainability in Transmission – HVDC in Europe:
2011
Customer:Red Eléctrica de España
System Data:Rating 2 x 200 MWVoltage ± 250 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 250 km
COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector
by using Energy-Mix
versus local Supply with a new Oil-fired Power Plant on the Island
from the Mainland –
Reduction in CO2:1.2 m tons p.a. (52 %)
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COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector –Indoor AC Yard … and Converter Halls
400 MW2011
Example of HVDC “Classic”
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44 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector –Transformers mounted
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45 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Technology Issuesfor UHV DC Transmission
More Powerout of the Grid …
plus CO2 Reduction
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46 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Overview of an ± 800 kV DC Transmission System
Line ArrestersVoltage Divider
DC Filters
Smoothing Reactors
Disconnectors & Grounding Switches
DC Wall Bushing
Bypass Switches
+ 400 kV DC
- 800 kV DC
- 400 kV DC
+ 800 kV DC
DC Wall Bushing
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47 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Air-Core, Air-cooled Smoothing Reactor and Converter Transformer – The Dimensions are “huge”
Mostly an Issue of Mechanics –
500 kV DC500 kV DC in Pictures in Pictures –– have meanhave mean--while been extended to while been extended to 800 kV DC800 kV DC
but not only …47 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
48 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
UHV DC Reactor – in Test Field
800 kV DC3,125 A75 mH28 tons !
Ø 4.6 m
14.3 m
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DC (2 hrs) 1,175 kVAC (1 min) 1,020 kVPR (90/90/45 min) 935 kVSI 1,790 kVLI (FW/CW) 2,080/2,320 kV
48** Transformers – for the Yunnan-Guangdong UHV DC Project
Test Voltages
** plus 8 Spare Units
800 kV HVDC Transformers under Construction250/244 MVA Single-Phase* Transformers
* for Transportation Reasons
Core Design: 3 Limbs & 2 Return LimbsL x W x H: 26 x 6.4 x 15.2 mTotal Weight: 512 tons
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“Snapshots” from DC Transformer Testing …
… at Transformer Factory Test Lab –Nuremberg, Germany
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Valve Hall Configuration – for UHV DC
400 kV Valve Hall
DC Neutral
400 kV DC
Power Transmission Solutions
400 kV DC
800 kV Valve Hall
to 800 kV DC Line
“Ready for Transmission”10-2011
Each Valve Group can be bypassed … n-1 Criterion
HV 12-Pulse Bridge
LV 12-Pulse Bridge
Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
52 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Testing of UHV DC Bypass Switches …
400 kV DC
800 kV DC
… at Siemens High-Voltage Test Lab Berlin, Germany
9.5 m
6.2 m
Test Set-up
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Testing of UHV DC Disconnectors …
800 kV DC
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Disconnectors – Data and Dimensions
Rated Voltage: 816 kV DC Operating Voltage: 800 kV DC Withstand Voltage: 1,200 kV DC Switching Impulse Voltage:1,790 kV Lightning Impulse Voltage: 2,205 kV Operating Current: 5,000 A DC Short-Circuit Current: 50 / 20 kA – 1 s Creepage path: 38,746 mm No. of Operating Cycles: 2,000 CO Weight: 6,000 kg
Technical Data
11.4 m
13 m
2 m
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Capacitor-controlled Wall Bushing
Special Challenges
Technical Data
Two Resin-Paper Capacitor Windings with a total Weight of 4,000 kg
Design of the Windings and Production with no Shrinkage Holes
Rated Voltage: 816 kV DC Operating Voltage: 800 kV DC AC Test Voltage: 1,100 kV DC Test Voltage: 1,455 kV DC Creepage Path Outdoor: 42,500 mm Creepage Path Indoor: 26,630 mm Rated Current: 3,700 A DC Weight: 5,600 kg
Test Set-up
20.8 m
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56 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Testing of UHV DC Bushing, DC Arrestor and Voltage Divider
800 kV DC
9 m
12.8 m
10.6 m
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57 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
All Tests are completed…
… and the Power is flowing
- 800 kV DC- 800 kV DC
+ 800 kV DC+ 800 kV DC
+ 400 kV DC+ 400 kV DC
- 400 kV DC- 400 kV DC
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58 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Yunnan-Guangdong
World’s first 800 kV HVDC – 5,000 MW
More Powerout of the Grid …
plus CO2 Reduction
In China Southern Power Grid58 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
59 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Single-Line Diagram of Yunnan-Guangdong HVDC System
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60 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Yunnan-Guangdong – from ‘3D Models’ …
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World’s first 800 kV UHV DC – 5,000 MW
2009/2010
… to Reality: Sending Station Chuxiong
Example of HVDC “Bulk”
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62 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Back to Germany: All UHV DC Transformer Tests completed, ready for Shipping to China
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63 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
“Clearance” underneath Bridges in Germany
… a crucial Issue
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Arrived in China, small Roads – Transformers just fitting well, as expected …
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65 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Yunnan-Guangdong – UHV DC Valve Hall800 kV DC
DC Side
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UHV DC – Sending Station: from indoor to outdoor
800 kV DC
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67 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Station Chuxiong – Disconnector & DC Filter
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Yunnan-Guangdong – 800 kV DC Line
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800 kV DC Towers
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800 kV DC Overhead Line
Welcome great Outdoors !
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71 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
For Comparison – UHV AC Transmission Towers
1,000 kV1,000 kV Pilot ProjectPilot Project
Sources:
For Redundancy - 2 Lines:System 1 System 2
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72 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Xiangjiaba-ShanghaiWorld’s biggest and longest UHV DC in Operation
More Powerout of the Grid …
plus CO2 Reduction
Fulong Converter Station – HVDC Transformers & Thyristor Valves with new 6-inch Thyristors
In Co-Operation with
72 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
73 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Schematic Arrangement of Xiangjiaba-Shanghai Converters
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74 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Arrangement of 800 kV Converters for Fulong Station
Double Valve Towers of a Fulong 6-Pulse Bridge at the 800 kV Converter End
74 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
75 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Arrangement of 800 kV Converters for Fulong Station
Two HV and two LVValve Towers for Fulong Converter Station during Erection for thedielectric Type Testsin Xihari HV Test Fieldin Xi‘an, China(Arresters not yet connected)
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76 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Design of Thyristor Valves for Fulong Station:Latest Development of Power Thyristors: 6“-ETT
DC Current Capability ofmore than 4,500 A Optimum Blocking Voltage
of 8.5 kV Joining of the Silicon Pellet
to a Molybdenum Carrier Diskusing low-Temperature high-Pressure Sintering Excellent thermal Coupling Low thermal Resistance Outstanding Short-Circuit
Current Capability: > 80 kA High Reliability, Failure Rate < 10 fit
6“ high-Power Thyristor – compared with 4“ and 5“ Elements
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77 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
“Standard”:500 kV DC
New Level:660 kV DC
PDC ≤ 3 GW
The Solution The Solution forfor Bulk Power Bulk Power TransmissionTransmissionup to up to 4 GW4 GW
PDC ≤ 4 GW
Increase in Transmission Capacity – andReduction in Losses
From of UHV DC to EHV DC
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78 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Ningdong-Shandong: World’s first EHV DC at 660 kV
Indoor EHV DC Switchyard
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79 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Yinchuan Dong – Sending Station: 660 kV DC Line
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80 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
High-Voltage Direct Current
HVDCHVDCTypes of
Electrodes
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81 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Types of HVDC Electrodes
Sea Electrodes
Shore (Pond) Electrodes
Shore (buried) Electrodes
Ground (Land) Electrodes
Deep Hole Electrodes
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Solutions for HVDC Electrodes – Summary
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Equipment VSC
3.
Station Layout and
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84 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
HVDC PLUS with MMC – Basic Scheme
PM 1
PM 2
PM n
PM 1
PM 2
PM n
PM 1
PM 2
PM n
PM 1
PM 2
PM n
PM 1
PM 2
PM n
PM 1
PM 2
PM n
ud
Phase Unit
Vd
IGBT2D2
D1IGBT1
Power Module (PM)
Power Module Electronics (PME)
Converter Arm
Converter Reactors
Converter Module
84 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
85 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
The Result: MMC – a perfect Voltage Generation
VConv.
- Vd /2
0
+Vd /2
AC and DC Voltages controlled by Converter Arm Voltages:
VAC
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86 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
HVDC PLUS: Trans Bay Cable Project, USA
Energy Project of the Year – American Society of Civil Engineers, Region 9; Sacramento, 9th March 2011Energy Project of the Year – American Society of Civil Engineers, Region 9; Sacramento, 9th March 2011
P = 400 MWQ = +/- 170-300 MVAr
Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks
Dynamic Voltage Support
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87 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
HVDC PLUS: Trans Bay Cable Project, USA
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HVDC PLUS – Options for Converter Modules and Building Arrangements
A highly flexible Design
88 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
89 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Benefits of HVDC PLUS
HVDC PLUS
HVDC “Classic”
Example 400 MW
Space Saving
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90 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Example of HVDC PLUS Station: 2 x 100 MW
85 m 96 m
Options:
b) DC B2Ba) DC Cables
(279 feet) (315 feet)
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91 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
HVDC PLUS Station – Option for 100 MW B2B
Half the Width by vertical Arrangement: 2 Reactors and 2 Converter Modules on Top of each other
(148
feet
)
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92 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Layout of a 400 MW Converter Station
Footprint:150 x 110 m (492 x 361 ft)
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93 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Onshore Station Layout –Example 400 MW, +/- 200 kV
AC Busbars
Converter Transformer3-Phase / ODAN
Converter AC Yard,Insertion ResistorsNeutral Reactors
Converter Hall
DC Chopper
Converter Reactors
DC SwitchyardCable Sealing End
130 m
90 m
Control & ProtectionAuxiliaries, Spares
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94 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
RES
4.
I ntegrationusing HVDC
of
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95 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Green Energy: EU’s Offshore Programme EEPR
Source: EEPR-Meeting 2011-03-15&16, Brussels
350 GW2030: Up to of Wind Power !
CE – Installed Capacity: 631 GW
95 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
96 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Integration of large Offshore Wind Farmsinto the Main Grid – the German Prospects
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E T PS S/Re10-2011
VSC HVDC – for Onshore Grid Access & Offshore DC Multiterminal
HVDC Classic – for Load & Generation Reserve Sharing96 Cigré Tutorial 2012
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Green Energy needs Grid Enhancement …HVDC – Example of Germany
Strengthening the AC Grid with DC Overlay Grid
Source: DENA Study II Nov. 201097 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
98 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
33 kV AC
132 kV AC
SVC PLUS
≤ 320 kV DC
HVDC PLUS
HVDC PLUS
33 kV AC
132 kV AC33 kV AC
132 kV AC
AC Solution for Grid Access
Solutions for Grid Access: AC and DC –with SVC PLUS and HVDC PLUS
DC Solution forGrid Access
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Turnkey Responsibility:First and crucial Steps
Definition of most economic Wind Farm Network and Grid Connection (AC versus DC).
Define Layout and specify Components of the entire Grid Connection.
Load-Flow Studies and Short-Circuit Calculations of the whole System.
Define the System Grounding Concept and perform Insulation Coordination for the entire Grid Connection.
Verification the static and dynamic Performance and Design of Reactive Power Compensation and / or DC System.
Evaluation of System Resonance Behavior driven by the Cables, Transformers, Reactors and Wind Generators.
Prove the Conformity with the GRID CODE.
Design of Protection, Control (SCADA) and Communication System.
System Efficiency: Evaluation of overall losses for various Scenarios.
Evaluation of electro-magnetic Interferences for the Grid Connection.
Optimization of System Reliability and Availability.
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Example of System and Design Studies:Dynamic Modeling of a big Number of Wind Generators
Source: EWIS Interim Report June-2008
Grid Code & Power Quality: Fault-Ride Through and Reactive Power Injection Voltage Dip Compensation
System Resonances and
System Interactions
100 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
101 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
HVDC PLUS and WIPOS®: SylWin1, Germany –World’s first Offshore MMC with 864 MW, BorWin2 and HelWin1&2
WIPOS – Siemens Wind PowerOffshore SubstationSiemens offers a Family of WIPOSDesigns with the Flexibility to meet a Variety of Offshore Weather, Tide, and Seabed Conditions with three main Configurations:WIPOS self-lifting SolutionWIPOS Topside Solution (Topside/Jacket) WIPOS floating Solution
The Modular Multilevel Converter Technology (MMC) reduces Comp-lexity and therefore the Space required for Installation
101
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= =~
= =
SylWin1864 MW
+/- 320 kV 2014
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BorWin2
2013
800 MW+/- 300 kV
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~= =HelWin1
2013+/- 250 kV576 MW
~ == ~ ==
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2015
~ == ~ ==
+/- 320 kV690 MWHelWin2
Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
102 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Prospects and Locations of Tennet’s Offshore Projects – one with AC and all others with DC Links
Source:
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103 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Source: http://www.tennet.eu/
Prospects and Locations of Tennet’s DC Offshore Projects – Example of
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104 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Prospects and Locations of Tennet’s DC Offshore Projects – Example of
Source: http://www.tennet.eu/
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105 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Grid Access of Green Energy with HVDC PLUS:WIPOS® – Advanced self-lifting Offshore Platform Layout
105 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
106 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
HVDC in China: Bulk Power Transmission of “Green Energy”
106 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
107 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Super Grid for DESERTEC – with HVDCSource: DESERTEC Foundation
An Initiative of the Club of Rome
Siemens has a commitment in the Desertec Industrial Initiative (DII). The objective of this initiative is to develop over the mid-term a technical and economic concept for solar power from Africa. Work will also focus on the clarification of legal and political issues.
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108 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
5.
onclusionsThe Position of HVDCin Comparison with AC
108 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
109 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Solutions with Overhead Lines
Solutions with DC Cables *
High-Voltage DC Transmission: HVDC “Classic” with 500 kV (HV) / 660 kV (EHV) – 3 to 4 GW
HVDC “Bulk” with 800 kV (UHV) – 5 GW to 7.6 GW
AC Transmission: 400 kV (HV) / 500 kV AC (EHV) – 1.5 / 2 GVA 800 kV AC (EHV) – 3 GVA 1,000 kV AC (UHV) – 6 to 8 GVA
Solutions for Smart & Bulk Power Transmission
* Distances over 80 km: AC Cables too complex
Note: Power AC @ 1 System 3 , Power DC @ Bipole +/-
500 / 600 kV DC – per Cable, Mass Impregnated: 1 GW to 2 GW (actual - prospective)
HVDC PLUS (VSC) ≤ 1,100 MVAFor Comparison:
** Reference: Bowmanville, Canada, 1985 - Siemens*** Reference: Huanghe Laxiwa Hydropower Station,
China, 2009 - CGIT (USA)
400 kV AC (HV) – 1.8 GVA / 2.3 GVA (directly buried / Tunnel or Outdoor) 500 kV AC (EHV) – 2.3 GVA / 2.9 GVA (directly buried / Tunnel or Outdoor) 550 kV AC (EHV) – Substation: Standard 3.8 GVA / Special 7.6 GVA ** 800 kV AC (EHV) – Tunnel: 5.6 GVA ***
Solutions with GIL – Gas Insulated Lines
Option UHV DC 1,100 kV: 10 GW
The Winner is HVDC !
109 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
110 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
HVDC – High-Voltage DC Transmission: It makes P flow
Three HVDC Options available: PLUS (VSC), “Classic” and “Bulk” With DC, Overhead Line Losses are typically 30-50 % less than with AC
For Cable Transmission (over 80 km), HVDC is the only Solution
HVDC can be integrated into the AC Systems
HVDC supports AC in Terms of Stability
System Interconnection with HVDC and Integration of HVDC:
DC is a “Firewall” against Cascading Disturbances
Bidirectional Control of Power Flow – quite easy
Frequency, Voltage and POD Control available
Staging of the Links – with DC quite easy
No Increase in Short-Circuit Power
DC is a Stability Booster
Summary: Features and Benefits of HVDC
110 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
111 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA111 10-2011 Cigré Tutorial 2012DC Station Layout & GA
Thank You for Your Attention