HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard...
Transcript of HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard...
![Page 1: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EinB2017 – 6th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2017”
HVACSystemsforHyper-EfficientBuildings(a.k.a Passive)basedon
ASHRAEJournalMay2019
AlkisTriantafyllopoulosEmail:[email protected]
MechanicalEngineerASHRAEHellenicChapterV.President 2018-2019
![Page 2: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
• Originatedbackinthe70sfromsuper-insulatedhousemovementinUSandCanada
• Usedmostlyatfirstforsinglefamilyattacheddwellingshasnowmovedtohighriseresidentialbuildingsandsmallcommercialbuildings
• MostknowisPHI(Germany)andPHIUS(US)
2
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 3: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
HyperEfficient
• Becausetherequiredcalculatedsourceenergyuseintensity(EUI),isfarbelowthatofconventionalbuildingsandiscomparabletothenetzeroreadybuildingclassification.
3
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 4: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction
• SuperinsulatedBuildings• Airtight(minimizeinfiltration)• TripleGlazing• AirHandlingUnits/MechanicalVentilation• ZeroThermalBridges
4
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 5: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
PHI-PHIUS• 1. The SpaceHeatingEnergyDemand isnottoexceed15kWhpersquaremeterof
netlivingspace(treatedfloorarea)peryearor10Wpersquaremeterpeakdemand.
• Inclimateswhereactivecoolingisneeded,the SpaceCoolingEnergyDemand requirementroughlymatchestheheatdemandrequirementsabove,withanadditionalallowancefordehumidification.
• 2. TheRenewable Renewable PrimaryEnergyDemand(PER,accordingtoPHImethod), thetotalenergytobeusedforalldomesticapplications(heating,hotwateranddomesticelectricity)mustnotexceed60kWhpersquaremeteroftreatedfloorareaperyearforPassiveHouseClassic..
• 3. Intermsof Airtightness,amaximumof0.6airchangesperhourat50Pascalspressure(ACH50),asverifiedwithanonsitepressuretest(inbothpressurizedanddepressurizedstates).
• 4. Thermal comfortmustbemetforalllivingareasduringwinteraswellasinsummer,withnotmorethan10%ofthehoursinagivenyearover25°C.Foracompleteoverviewofgeneralqualityrequirements(softcriteria)
5
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 6: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
6
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 7: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Data
• Insulation20cmU<0,15W/m2 K• GlazingtripleU<0,9…0,7W/m2K• MechanicalVentilationwith80-90%HeatRecovery
• AirtightnesswithBlowerdoor (50Pa)
7
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 8: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Requirements- Limitations
• HRV- ERV• MaxFanEnergyAbsorbed• AnnualHeating+Cooling Demand• Airtightness• AnnualEUIofthebuilding(EnergyUseIntensity)
8
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 9: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Complexity
• Therealityofprovidingcomfortconditioning(ASHRAESTD55)inabuildingwithaveryhighperformanceenvelopeandverylowinternalheatgainsintroducesanewlevelofcomplexitytoHVACsystemdesignfortheproject.
9
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 10: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
“Malfunctions”
• LOWventilationRates(Typically0.3ACHwhichisfarlowerthanASHRAEstandard62.1and62.2)
• HVACmightseemonlyasasystemtoaccommodateloadreductions
• AsaresultwehavesignificantproblemswithIndoorAirQuality,HUMIDITYandPart-Loadoperation
10
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 11: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
(notso)EnergyEfficientVentilation
• Whenoutdoorairismoderateanyconditioningsavingsmaybeoutweighedfromthefanenergyfromthepressuredropoftheheatexchanger
11
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 12: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
“Balanced”Ventilation
• ExhaustalwaysonforKitchensandBathrooms
• Makeupairifneeded(fireplaces,dryersetc)
12
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 13: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Example
13
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 14: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
DesignCharacteristics
• VeryLowHeating/CoolingLoads• VeryLowuserequipmentpowerdensityduetoEUIlimitations
• VeryLowBalancePointTemperature
14
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 15: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 16: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
HRV
16
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 17: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
ERV
17
EinB2017 – 6th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2017”
![Page 18: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 19: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
HumidityControl- Cooling• AdvancedInsulation/Glazing/airtightnessetccanonlyreduceSensibleLoads
• InternalLatentloads+VentilationneedtobetakenintoseriousconsiderationwhichmaybeHIGHERthansensible.
• SoSHR(SensibleHeatRatio)willbeverylowSHR=SensibleCoolingLoad/TotalCoolingLoad
• ResultingUnacceptablyHighIndoorHumidity
19
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 20: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
HumidityControl- Cooling• Exampleanapartment92.9m2 (1000ft2)with2bedrooms,2bathsand1kitchenand3occupants
• PHI- 0,3ACH• ASHRAE62.1requires0.65L/sm2plus2,4L/sperpersonforatotal35.3L/sforthewholeapartment
• BUTwealsorequireEXTRACTION11,8L/sforeachbathroomand23.6L/sforeachkitchenwhichsumsupto47.2L/sor0.7ACH
20
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 21: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
HumidityControl- Cooling• ASHRAE62.2requires0.33L/sm2plus3,6L/sperpersonBUTwealsorequireEXTRACTION9,4L/sforeachbathroomand5ACHforeachkitchenwhichsumsupto50.5L/s
21
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 22: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
SpaceconditionsResultingDifferentVentilationprotocols
22
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 23: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
23
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 24: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
HumidityControl- Heating• ERV’scangoupto80%humidityrecovery.Inthesecaseswerecoverallthemoisture/watercontentfrominsidethebuildingasalatentloadandprovideittothefreshairmakingithumidagain,resultinganunacceptablyhighrelativehumidityinthespace
24
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 25: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
25
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 26: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• Totalinternallatentloadforthespaceis0.44kg/hr from3persons,one15-minuteshowerand0.09kg/hr miscellaneouslatentloads.Thespaceismaintainedat21.1°C.TheERVisassumedtohaveanefficiency of80%.TotalventilationairmeetstheASHRAEStandard62.1exhaustrequirements.
26
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 27: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
TheapartmentwithERV
27
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 28: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
BYPASS?
• Apossiblesolutionmaybetodisabletheenergyrecoveryandworkwithfreecooling(assumingyoucanbypassthat)andtheenergypenaltyfordisablingrecoveryislikelytobeminimal,sincethebalancepointtemperatureofthebuildingissolow.
28
EinB2017 – 6th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2017”
![Page 29: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
29
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 30: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
TerminalSizingandLocation
• Indoorunitsusuallytoobig(minimumvrfunitsaround7.000btu)forsowlowdemand
• Inmanycircumstances,consolidatingmultipleroomsintoasinglezonemaynotbeadvisable,duetodifferentloadprofilesforthevariousrooms.
• Locatingthethermostatinoneroommayresultindiscomfortinotherrooms
30
EinB2017 – 6th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2017”
![Page 31: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
TerminalSizingandLocation
• Usinganoversizedterminalmaynotbeanacceptablealternative,ifconsistentcoolingloadsbelowtheminimumpartloadoftheterminalresultincycling,diminishingtheterminal’sabilitytoprovideadequatedehumidification
31
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 32: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Lowconditioningairflowperunitareamaycreatedifficultyinachievinguniformdistributionofventilationairandmaintaininguniformconditionsthroughthespace.
• Inahyper-efficientbuilding,distributionsystemdesigncanbecritical
32
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 33: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
PROS
• Terminallocation,however,isnotascriticalasinaconventionalbuildingsincepeakperimeterheatingandcoolingloadsarereducedalot.
• Forcommercialbuildings,reductioninintensityoftheperimeterloadsmayallowsimplificationoftheHVACsystemandcontrols,eliminatingtheneedforsimultaneousheatingandcoolingwithinthesamebuilding.
33
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 34: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Suggestions
34
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 35: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
35
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 36: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
36
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 37: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
37
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 38: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Summer
38
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 39: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
MidSeasonHighDuePoint
39
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 40: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Conclusions
• ConfigureventilationsystemstobecompliantwiththerelevantversionofASHRAEStandard62.1
• FollowASHRAEThermalcomfortStandard55(dehumidifyetc)
• Useacertifiedenergyrecoveryventilator.• Controltheenergyrecoverydevicetomaximizeenergyefficiencyandindoorcomfort
• Designspacezoningtobeconsistentwithavailableterminalsizes
40
EinB2018 – 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”
![Page 41: HVAC Systems for Hyper-Efficient Buildings (a ... - ashrae.gr · far lower than ASHRAE standard 62.1 and 62.2) •HVAC might seem only as a system to accommodate load reductions •As](https://reader036.fdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5eddf86dad6a402d66693835/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
41
HVACSystemsforHyper-EfficientBuildings(a.k.a Passive)basedon
ASHRAEJournalMay2019
• AlkisTriantafyllopoulos• Email:[email protected]
• MechanicalEngineer• ASHRAEHellenicChapterV.President 2018-2019
EinB2018– 7th InternationalConference“ENERGYinBUILDINGS2018”