HVAC Systems Fault Detection Landscape Analysis · PDF fileHVA Systems - Fault Detection...

HVAC Systems Fault Detection Landscape Analysis

March, 2014

http://www.relecura.com/

Copyright © 2013, INDUS TechInnovations, All rights reserved.

HVAC Systems - Fault Detection Landscape Analysis 2

Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 3

Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 4

Patent search......................................................................................................................................... 4

Assignment search ................................................................................................................................ 6

Patent Landscape Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 7

Patent filing trends ................................................................................................................................ 7

Top patent holders ................................................................................................................................ 7

Top Assignee vs. Filing Year ................................................................................................................... 8

Geographical distribution of patents .................................................................................................... 8

Top CPC codes ....................................................................................................................................... 9

Top Assignee vs. CPC Code .................................................................................................................. 11

Top forward citing assignee................................................................................................................. 12

Topic Map – Concepts ......................................................................................................................... 13

Topic Map – IPC codes......................................................................................................................... 13

Assignment landscape analysis ............................................................................................................... 15

Patent transaction trends .................................................................................................................... 15

Top transacted assignors (Sellers) ....................................................................................................... 16

Top transacted assignees (Acquirers) .................................................................................................. 16

Transaction Assignor vs. Assignee ....................................................................................................... 16

Top transaction assignee by executed year ........................................................................................ 17

Top transaction assignor by executed year ......................................................................................... 17

Summary ..................................................................................................................................................... 18

Disclaimer.................................................................................................................................................... 18



Introduction

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) controls the temperature, humidity, and quality of the

air in buildings to a set of chosen conditions. To achieve this, the system needs to transfer heat and

moisture into and out of the air, as well as control the level of air pollutants.

Heating systems increase the temperature in a space to compensate for heat losses between the internal

space and the outside. Ventilation systems supply fresh air to the space and extract polluted air from it.

Cooling is needed to bring down the temperature in the spaces where heat gains have arisen from people,

equipment, or the sun, and are causing discomfort. HVAC systems vary widely in terms of size and the

function that they perform.

A significant amount of energy is wasted by malfunctioning or ill-maintained building systems. Faults

relating to HVAC systems represent between 1% and 2.5% of total commercial building consumption.

Owners/operators are often unaware when units are malfunctioning and wasting energy. Around 35% of

commercial rooftop HVAC unit dampers fail within several years of installation, and 50% to 67% of air

conditioners (residential and commercial) are either improperly charged or have airflow issues. Even

though scheduled maintenance is performed to maintain a system at its peak performance level, the

typical maintenance expert cannot carry out in-depth tests required to deliver optimum performance. In

addition, these tests are often prohibitively expensive. So, different fault detection and diagnosis

techniques (FDD) have been developed over time to address this issue.

This report aims to map out the patent landscape associated with HVAC system fault detection. This

includes finding the major patent holders, geographical distribution of patents, top sub-technologies

based on classification codes, sub-technology visualization using topic maps; as well as determining the

patent transactions to obtain the key buyers and sellers in this technology area.

Relecura has been used to generate the data utilized in the various analyses and visualizations presented

in this report.



Methodology

Patent search

1. The generation of the HVAC system fault detection patent landscape is initiated using the URL based

raw text search of Relecura. The links given below are used for this purpose.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/hvac.html

http://www.edcmag.com/articles/hvac-systems-how-they-work

2. We then use “Seed Data” to look for the top representative classification codes, keywords and

concepts.

3. We similarly use “Explore” to look for additional keywords, concepts and classification codes.

4. After identifying the relevant class codes from the above search, we use the “Class code Finder” and

“Landscape” options of Relecura to retrieve any classification codes we may have missed.

5. We add the keywords and classification codes relevant to HVAC from the Steps 2 through 4, to refine

the results from Step 1.

6. Given below are the classification codes used to refine the search results from step 1 and this gives us

159,751 equivalents (215,382 documents)

IPC Codes: F24F 1/00, F24F 3/00, F24F 5/00, B63J 2/00 , F24F 11/00, F24F 13/00, B63G 8/36, B60H

1/00, G05D 23/00, A47C 7/74, A47B 31/02, F25D 23/00, B61D 27/00, F25D 19/00, F25D 1/00, F25B

1/00

CPC codes: B60N 2/56, A47C 7/74, B63G 8/36, B63J 2/00, B63J 2002/00, B60H1/00, G05D23/00, F24F

1/00, Y02B 30/00, F24F 2221/40, F24F 2221/48, F24F 2221/50, F24F 2203/00, F24F 2013/00, F24F

2012/00, F24F 13/00, F24F 5/00, F24F 11/00, F24F 3/00

7. We separately conduct a keyword search in the title, abstract, and claims along with relevant IPC and

CPC codes using the “Advanced Search” interface of Relecura with the search string given below.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HVAC

http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schooldesign/hvac.html

http://www.edcmag.com/articles/hvac-systems-how-they-work



(HVAC OR "HVAC&R" OR HVACR OR HACR OR ((heating AND ventilation) AND ("air conditioning" OR

AC OR cooling OR refrigeration)) OR (heating AND ("air conditioning" OR cooling OR refrigeration)))

IPC Codes: F24F 1/00, F24F 3/00, F24F 5/00, F24F, B63J 2/00, F24F 11/00, F24F 13/00, B63G 8/36,

B60H 1/00, G05D 23/00, A47C 7/74, A47B 31/02, F25D 23/00, B61D 27/00, F25D 19/00, F25D 1/00,

F25B 1/00

CPC codes: B60N 2/56, A47C 7/74, B63G 8/36, B63J 2/00, B63J 2002/00, B60H1/00, G05D23/00, F24F

1/00, Y02B 30/00, F24F 2221/40, F24F 2221/48, F24F 2221/50, F24F 2203/00, F24F 2013/00, F24F

2012/00, F24F 13/00, F24F 5/00, F24F 11/00, F24F 3/00

This step gives us 47,872 equivalents (76,029 documents)

8. We separately conduct another keyword search in the full text along with relevant IPC and CPC codes

using the “Advanced Search” interface of Relecura with the search string given below.

((Hvac "HVAC R" HVACR HACR)("heating ventilation [air conditioning] ac cooling refrigeration"~7))

IPC Codes: F24F 1/00, F24F 3/00, F24F 5/00, F24F 11/00, F24F 13/00, F24F 3/044, B63J 2/00, F24F

7/00, B63G 8/36, F25D 17/00, F25D 1/00, F25B 1/00, F25D 19/00, B60H 1/00, G05D 23/00, F25D

23/00, B61D 27/00, B64B 1/62, F25D 23/00, F25D1/00, A47B31/02, A47C 7/74

CPC codes: B60N 2/56, B60H1/00 , A47C 7/74 , G05D23/00 , B63G 8/36, B63J 2/00, B63J 2002/00,

F24F 1/00, F24F 3/00, F24F3/044, F24F11/08, F24F 2203/00, F24F 2013/00, F24F 2012/00, F24F

2005/00, F24F1/00, F24F3/00 , F24F 2003/00, F24F3/044, F24F11/08, F24F 2001/00, F24F5/00, F24F

13/00, F24F 3/06, F24F11/06, F24F 5/00, F24F 11/00

This step gives us 5,872 equivalents (11,477 documents)

9. We also conduct search for Relecura “Concepts” using the “Advanced Search” interface, with concepts

of “HVAC” and “HVAC control systems”. This gives us 49,371 equivalents (73,069 documents).

10. All the results from step 6 through to step 9 are saved individually and are combined to get the super

set of HVAC related patents and this gives us 212,857 equivalents (302,755 documents).

11. After saving the super set of HVAC, we conduct a keyword search for fault detection in the full text of

the set obtained from Step 10 using the “Advanced Search” interface of Relecura with the search



strategy mentioned below and intersected with the HVAC results superset to get the result set relevant

to fault detection in HVAC, which consists of 4,707 applications (6,288 documents).

"(fault failure defect malfunction error)(detection correction diagnosis control sensor management

identification troubleshooting [trouble shooting] tolerant)"~3

Assignment search

The USPTO’s assignment database is searched to understand the transactions that have been recorded for

patents addressing HVAC system fault detection.

1. The final set generated from the patent search is migrated to the assignment search section of

Relecura to retrieve transactions in the technology area of HVAC system fault detection. We thus

obtain 2,277 transaction records.

2. The raw data from the above step is scrubbed within Relecura to get a relatively clean set of

assignment transfers arising out of genuine patent transactions. For the clean-up of raw data

pertaining to recorded assignment transfers, please note the following points:

a) The assignment transfers arising from a "change of name" have been removed.

b) The assignment transfers from companies to banks, as collateral or security for financing,

have not been considered.

c) Inter-subsidiary transactions and transactions between parent companies and their

subsidiaries have not been considered.

d) Inventor assignments (to the parent company) have not been considered for this analysis.

3. After cleaning the transaction records using the above procedure, we are left with 557 assignment

transfers that denote actual transactions.

The results from the patent search and assignment search are used in the following analyses.

Important notes:

a) The analysis of this report is based on the patent assets of various geographies, assignment

transfer data provided by the USPTO, and related corporate information available in the public

domain. All patent counts mentioned should only be considered indicative.

b) The graphs are based on a preliminary analysis as outlined above. The patent set may need to be

refined, and the search strategy tweaked, to make the analysis more comprehensive.



Patent Landscape Analysis

Patent filing trends

Figure 1. Filing trends for patents in HVAC system fault detection. The decline post 2011 is most likely due to the fact that filings in this period are yet to be published.

Top patent holders

Figure 2. Top asset holders in HVAC system fault detection patents.

Note: The normalization of assignee names in Relecura is ongoing. There may hence be some duplication of the assignee names in the various graphs.



Top Assignee vs. Filing Year

Figure 3. Filing trends for patents in HVAC system fault detection– by Top Patent Asset Holder.

The above graph indicates that the filings in this technology area have consistently increased during last

decade. LG tops the list of patent holders although its earliest filing is relatively recent (1996). Filings of

some of the assignees like General Motors have tapered off in recent years, while others have been

consistently active in the area.

Geographical distribution of patents

The chart given below provides the distribution of patents and applications by geography. The graph

indicates that U.S. and China are the top patent filing countries in HVAC system fault detection.



Figure 4. Geographical split of patent applications in HVAC system Fault detection.

Figure 5. Geographical split of patent applications by top assignees in HVAC system fault detection.

Top CPC codes

Figure 6. Top CPC codes of HVAC system fault detection patents.



Table 1. Description of CPC codes mentioned in Figure 6.

CPC Class Code

Description CPC Class Code

Description

F24F 11/0086 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation, use of air currents for screening > control or safety systems or apparatus > electrical control or safety systems or apparatus > control systems or circuits characterized by other control features, e.g. Display or monitoring devices

F24F 11/0009 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation, use of air currents for screening > control or safety systems or apparatus > electrical control or safety systems or apparatus

F25B 49/005 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat-pump systems > arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices > of safety devices

G05D 23/1917

Controlling; regulating > systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables > control of temperature > characterized by the use of electric means; g05d23/1393 takes precedence > using digital means

F24F 11/0012 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation, use of air currents for screening > control or safety systems or apparatus > electrical control or safety systems or apparatus > control systems or circuits characterized by their inputs, e.g. Using sensors > air temperature

Y02B 30/741 Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [hvac] > efficient control or regulation technologies > technologies based on motor control > speed regulation of the compressor

F24F 11/006 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning, air-humidification, ventilation, use of air currents for screening > control or safety systems or apparatus > electrical control or safety systems or apparatus > control systems or circuits characterized by type of control, internal processing or calculations, e.g. Using fuzzy logic adaptative control or estimating values

F25B 13/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat-pump systems > compression machines, plant, or systems with reversible cycle

F25B 49/02 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat-pump systems > arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices > for compression type machines, plant or systems

F24F 2011/0067

Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning, air-

humidification, ventilation, use of air currents for

screening > control or safety systems or apparatus >

electrical control or safety systems or apparatus >

control systems or circuits characterized by type of

control, internal processing or calculations, e.g. Using

fuzzy logic adaptative control or estimating values >

using one central controller connected to several sub-

controllers



Top Assignee vs. CPC Code

Figure 7. Top Patent Holders in the relevant CPC codes for HVAC system fault detection.

Table 2. Description of CPC codes mentioned in Figure 7.

CPC Class Code


Description

F24F 11/0086

Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning, air-humidification,

ventilation, use of air currents for screening > control or safety

systems or apparatus > electrical control or safety systems or

apparatus > control systems or circuits characterized by other

control features, e.g. Display or monitoring devices

F24F 2011/0067


humidification, ventilation, use of air currents for screening >

control or safety systems or apparatus > electrical control or

safety systems or apparatus > control systems or circuits

characterized by type of control, internal processing or

calculations, e.g. Using fuzzy logic adaptative control or

estimating values > using one central controller connected to

several sub-controllers

F25B 49/005

Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration

systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice;

liquefaction solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants or

systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat-pump

systems > arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices >

of safety devices

F25B 2700/21152



liquefaction solidification of gases > refrigeration machines,

plants or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems;

heat-pump systems > sensing or detecting of parameters;

sensors therefor > temperatures > of a compressor or the drive

means therefor > at the discharge side of the compressor

F25B 13/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration




systems > compression machines, plant, or systems with reversible

cycle

F25B 2700/1933





heat-pump systems > sensing or detecting of parameters;

sensors therefor > pressures > of the compressor > suction

pressures





systems > arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices >

for compression type machines, plant or systems





heat-pump systems > arrangement or mounting of control or

safety devices > for compression type machines, plant or

systems > compressor control arrangements

F24F 11/0009



F24F 11/0012 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning, air-






CPC Class Code


Description


apparatus

characterized by their inputs, e.g. Using sensors > air

temperature

Y02B 30/741

Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [hvac] >

efficient control or regulation technologies > technologies based on

motor control > speed regulation of the compressor

F24F 2011/0091





characterized by other control features, e.g. Display or

monitoring devices > display or monitoring devices

F24F 11/006




apparatus > control systems or circuits characterized by type of

control, internal processing or calculations, e.g. Using fuzzy logic

adaptative control or estimating values

G05D 23/1917

Controlling; regulating > systems for controlling or regulating

non-electric variables > control of temperature > characterized

by the use of electric means; g05d23/1393 takes precedence >

using digital means

F25B 2600/021





systems > control issues > compressor control > inverters therefor

Top forward citing assignee

Figure 8. Top asset holders citing HVAC system fault detection related patents.



Topic Map – Concepts

Figure 9. Topic Map based on concepts.

Topic Map – IPC codes

Figure 10. Topic Map based on IPC Codes.



Table 3. Description of IPC codes mentioned in Figure 10.

IPC Class Code

Description

IPC Class

Code Description

F24F 11/00 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning; air-humidification; ventilation; use of air currents for screening > control or safety systems or apparatus

F25B 29/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems > combined heating and refrigeration systems, e.g. Operating alternately or simultaneously

F24F 11/02 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning; air-humidification; ventilation; use of air currents for screening > control or safety systems or apparatus > arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices

G05D 23/20 Controlling; regulating > systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables > control of temperature > characterized by the use of electric means > with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature

G05D 23/19

Controlling; regulating > systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables > control of temperature > characterized by the use of electric means

F24D 19/10 Heating; ranges; ventilating > domestic- or space-heating systems, e.g. Central heating systems; domestic hot-water supply systems; elements or components therefor > details > arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices

F25B 49/02 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems > arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices > for compression type machines, plant or systems

G05B 23/02 Controlling; regulating > control or regulating systems in general; functional elements of such systems; monitoring or testing arrangements for such systems or elements > testing or monitoring of control systems or parts thereof > electric testing or monitoring

B60H 1/00 Vehicles in general > arrangements or adaptations of heating, cooling, ventilating, or other air-treating devices specially for passenger or goods spaces of vehicles > heating, cooling or ventilating devices

F25B 41/06 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems > fluid-circulation arrangements, e.g. For transferring liquid from evaporator to boiler > flow restrictors, e.g. Capillary tubes; disposition thereof

F25B 1/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems > compression machines, plant or systems with non-reversible cycle

H05K 7/20 Printed circuits; casings or constructional details of electric apparatus; manufacture of assemblages of electrical components > constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus > modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating

G05D 23/00

Controlling; regulating > systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables > control of temperature

F24F 7/00 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning; air-humidification; ventilation; use of air currents for screening > ventilation

F25B 49/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems > arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices

F25D 23/12 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigerators; cold rooms; ice-boxes; cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass > general constructional features > arrangements of compartments additional to cooling compartments; combinations of refrigerators with other equipment, e.g. Stove

B60H 1/32 Vehicles in general > arrangements or adaptations of heating, cooling, ventilating, or other air-treating devices specially for passenger or goods spaces of vehicles > heating, cooling or ventilating devices > cooling devices

F25D 11/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigerators; cold rooms; ice-boxes; cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass > self-contained movable devices associated with refrigerating machinery, e.g. Domestic refrigerators

F24F 1/00 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning; air-humidification; ventilation; use of air currents for screening > room units, e.g. Separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station

H05B 1/02 Electric heating; electric lighting not otherwise provided for > details of electric heating devices > automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to heating apparatus

F25B 41/04 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems;

F25B 41/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems;



IPC Class Code

Description

IPC Class

Code Description

heat pump systems > fluid-circulation arrangements, e.g. For transferring liquid from evaporator to boiler > disposition of valves

heat pump systems > fluid-circulation arrangements, e.g. For transferring liquid from evaporator to boiler

F25D 29/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigerators; cold rooms; ice-boxes; cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass > arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices

F25D 17/06 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigerators; cold rooms; ice-boxes; cooling or freezing apparatus not covered by any other subclass > arrangements for circulating cooling fluids; arrangements for circulating gas, e.g. Air, within refrigerated spaces > for circulating gas, e.g. By natural convection > by forced circulation

G05D 23/24

Controlling; regulating > systems for controlling or regulating non-electric variables > control of temperature > characterised by the use of electric means > with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature > the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. Thermistor

G05B 15/00 Controlling; regulating > control or regulating systems in general; functional elements of such systems; monitoring or testing arrangements for such systems or elements > systems controlled by a computer

F25B 13/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems > compression machines, plant, or systems, with reversible cycle

F25B 27/00 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems > machines, plant, or systems, using particular sources of energy

F24F 5/00 Heating; ranges; ventilating > air-conditioning; air-humidification; ventilation; use of air currents for screening > air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by group

F25B 5/02 Refrigeration or cooling; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems; manufacture or storage of ice; liquefaction or solidification of gases > refrigeration machines, plants, or systems; combined heating and refrigeration systems; heat pump systems > compression machines, plant, or systems, with several evaporator circuits, e.g. For varying refrigerating capacity > arranged in parallel

Assignment landscape analysis

USPTO’s assignment dataset was searched for various transactions carried out on patents addressing HVAC

system fault detection and the results of the search are used to create a transaction landscape.

Patent transaction trends

Figure 11. Overall transaction trend for patents in HVAC system fault detection.



Top transacted assignors (Sellers)

Figure 12. Top transaction assignors (Sellers) in HVAC system fault detection.

Top transacted assignees (Acquirers)

Figure 13. Top transaction assignees (acquirers) in HVAC system fault detection.

Transaction Assignor vs. Assignee



Figure 14. Assignment transfer matrix – Assignor vs. Assignee for HVAC system fault detection patents.

Top transaction assignee by executed year

Figure 15. Buyers for patents in HVAC system fault detection with trends.

Top transaction assignor by executed year

Figure 16. Sellers for patents in HVAC system fault detection with trends.



Summary

Patent filings in HVAC fault detection technology witnessed a gradual growth till 2000 after which the

published patents began growing sharply. The filings have consistently increased in the last decade, with

LG topping the list of patent asset holders.

Geographically, the US and China are the top filing countries, with the US ahead by a large margin. EP

filings follow close behind China. In addition, there are a significant number of PCT filings, indicating the

global nature of this market. Among the top patents asset holders citing these patents, Honeywell, Carrier,

and Emerson dominate.

Understandably, the concepts that appear most frequently in these patents are Air Conditioning, HVAC,

Refrigeration, and Heat exchanger.

There have also been plenty of patent transactions between several players in the industry. American

Standard, Chrysler, and GE appear as the top sellers of patents, whereas US Energy and Chemical bank

appear as the top patent acquirers.

To understand how we can help take your business forward, visit Relecura.com

About Relecura

Relecura is the flagship product of INDUS TechInnovations. It is a web-based patent and portfolio analysis

platform that uses a knowledge discovery framework to simplify IP analysis for prior art searches and IP

commercialization activities. For more details visit www.relecura.com or write to us at [email protected].

Disclaimer This document is provided for information purposes only and the contents hereof are subject to change

without notice. This document, including the information and analysis and any opinion or

recommendation, is neither legal advice nor intended for investment purposes. This document is not

warranted to be error-free, nor subject to any other warranties or conditions, whether expressed orally or

implied in law, including implied warranties and conditions of merchantability or fitness for a particular

purpose. INDUS TechInnovations specifically disclaims any liability with respect to this document and no

contractual obligations are formed either directly or indirectly by this document.



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