Huong Dan Su Dung Hoa Chat Khu Trung Co Chua Clo
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Transcript of Huong Dan Su Dung Hoa Chat Khu Trung Co Chua Clo
HNG DN S DNG CC HA CHT KH TRNGCHA CLO TRONG CNG TC PHNG CHNG DCH1. Gii thiu
Clo (Cl) l mt trong nhng halogen c s dng rng ri kh trng do c hot tnh dit trng cao nh phn ng xy ha kh. Khi ha tan trong nc, cc ha cht ny s gii phng ra mt lng clo hot tnh c tc dng dit trng. Cc ha cht c cha clo thng s dng bao gm:
Cloramin B hm lng 25 30% clo hot tnh
Cloramin T
Canxi hypocloride (Clorua vi)
Bt Natri dichloroisocianurate
Nc Javen (Natri hypocloride hoc Kali hyphocloride).
2. S dng cc ha cht cha clo trong cng tc phng chng dch
Trong cng tc phng chng dch, cc dung dch pha t cc ha cht cha clo vi nng 0,5% v 1,25% clo hot tnh thng c s dng ty theo mc ch v cch thc ca vic kh trng. Vic tnh nng dung dch phi da vo clo hot tnh. V cc ha cht khc nhau c hm lng clo hot tnh khc nhau, cho nn phi tnh ton khi lng ha cht cn thit t c dung dch c nng clo hot tnh mun s dng.
Lng ha cht cha clo cn pha s lt dung dch vi nng clo hot tnh theo yu cu c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Lng ha cht (gam)Nng clo hot tnh ca dung dch cn pha (%) X s lt
=
Hm lng clo hot tnh ca ha cht s dng (%)*X 1000
* Hm lng clo hot tnh ca ha cht s dng lun c nh sn xut ghi trn nhn, bao b hoc bng hng dn s dng sn phm.
V d: pha 10 lt dung dch c nng clo hot tnh 0,5% t bt cloramin B 25% clo hot tnh, cn: (0,5 x 10 / 25) x 1000 = 200 gam.
pha 10 lt dung dch c nng clo hot tnh 0,5% t bt canxi hypocloride 70% clo hot tnh, cn: (0,5 x 10 / 70 ) x 1000 = 72 gam.
pha 10 lt dung dch c nng clo hot tnh 0,5% t bt natri dichloroisocianurate 60% clo hot tnh, cn: (0,5 x 10 / 60) x 1000 = 84 gam.
Bng1. Lng ha cht cha clo pha 10 lt dung dch vi cc nng clo hot tnh thng s dng trong cng tc phng chng dchTn ha cht (hm lng clo hot tnh)Lng ha cht cn pha 10 lt dung dch c nng clo hot tnhGhi ch
0,25%0,5%1,25%2,5%
Cloramin B 25% 100g200g500g1000g
Canxi HypoCloride (70%)36g72g180g360g
Bt Natri dichloroisocianurate (60%)42g84g210g420g
Cch pha: Ha tan hon ton lng ha cht cn thit cho va 10 lt nc sch.
Cc dung dch kh trng c clo s gim tc dng nhanh theo thi gian, cho nn ch pha lng cn s dng v phi s dng cng sm cng tt sau khi pha. Tt nht ch pha v s dng trong ngy, khng nn pha sn d tr. Dung dch kh trng cha clo pha cn bo qun ni kh, mt, y kn, trnh nh sng.
* Kh trng trong bnh vin v dch
y l hng dn vic s dng cc hp cht c cha clo trong kh trng dch ni chung. Vic chn hnh thc kh trng no trong cc hng dn di y phi ty thuc vo tng loi dch bnh v theo ng hng dn ca B Y t v vic x l dch ca tng loi dch bnh .
Kh trng tay khu vc iu tr cch ly bnh nhn: Ti im ra, vo khu vc cch ly v ca ra vo mi bung bnh, nu khng c cc dung dch dit trng nhanh (cn, l dung dch kh trng tay) hoc nc v x phng ra tay th phi c chu ng dung dch ha cht kh trng c clo vi nng 0,5% clo hot tnh ngm ra tay (ngm tay 1 pht, sau trng bng nc sch).
Kh trng b mt, vt dng: Dng dung dch nng 0,5% clo hot tnh lau nn nh, b mt vt, vt dng v.v.
Thm chi chn v giy dp: Tm m thm chi chn v giy dp bng dung dch nng 0,5% clo hot tnh, t trong 1 khay kim loi gi nc v trc im ra vo khu vc cch ly v hng dn tt c cn b y t, ngi nh bnh nhn, bnh nhn, khch n thm phi chi chn, giy dp bng dm chn ln thm tm dung dch ny mi ln ra vo khu vc cch ly nhm hn ch ti a ly lan mm bnh ra bn ngoi.
Kh trng b, chu nhim mc bnh truyn nhim nguy him: Ngm b, chu nhim vo dung dch nng 0,5% clo hot tnh trong t nht 30 pht trc khi em ra bng nc sch.
Kh trng cc dng c ca bnh nhn mc bnh truyn nhim nguy him: Ngm cc dng c, qun o s dng ca bnh nhn mc cc bnh truyn nhim nguy him vo dung dch nng 0,5% clo hot tnh trong 1 2 gi trc khi em git ra bng nc sch.
Kh trng bung bnh iu tr bnh nhn mc bnh truyn nhim nguy him: Dng dung dch nng 0,5% clo hot tnh lau nn bung bnh, b mt vt, vt dng trong phng bnh.
Khoa phng iu tr bnh nhn sau khi tt c cc bnh nhn ra vin (kh trng ln cui): Phi tng v sinh kh trng nn nh, tng nh ni bnh nhn iu tr bng cch phun dung dch nng 0,5% clo hot tnh (liu lng phun 0,3 - 0,5 lt/m2), sau mi c s dng tr li cho tip nhn v iu tr cc bnh nhn khc.
X l mi trng nhim khu vc nh bnh nhn, khu vc nh tiu, cng rnh, chung tri, ng x, li i ti khu vc dch: Phun dung dch nng 0,5% clo hot tnh ti nhng ni ny vi liu lng 0,3 - 0,5 lt/m2.
X l phn v cht thi ca bnh nhn: Phn v cht thi ca bnh nhn c mang mm bnh c kh trng bng dung dch nng 1,25 - 2,5% clo hot tnh vi t l 1:1 (v d, 1 lt phn cn x l bng 1 lt dung dch nng 1,25% clo hot tnh) trong thi gian t nht 30 pht, sau vo nh tiu hp v sinh hoc chn su xung t cch xa ngun nc v nh .
Kh trng phng tin chuyn ch bnh nhn mc bnh truyn nhim nguy him: Dng dung dch nng 0,5% clo hot tnh phun kh trng phng tin vi liu lng 0,3 - 0,5 lt/m2, trong 1 gi sau ra k li bng nc sch.