Huog Dan CCNA

Created by: Dng Vn Ton CCNP, CCSP, MCSE, LPI level 1. http://www.vnexperts.net 129

Chng 18: SNMP v Syslog

Chng ny s cung cp nhng thng tin v cc cu lnh c lin quan n nhng ch

sau:

- Cu hnh SNMP

- Cu hnh Syslog

1. Cu hnh SNMP

Router(config)#snmp-server

community academy ro

Cu hnh gi tr community string l

academy vi quyn read-only (ro)

Router(config)#snmp-server

community academy rw

Cu hnh gi tr community string l

academy vi quyn read-write (rw)

Router(config)#snmp-server location

2nd Floor IDF

nh ngha mt chui SNMP m t v

tr vt l ca SNMP server.

Router(config)#snmp-server contact

Scott Empson 555-5236

nh ngha mt SNMP string m t

thng tin ca ngi lin lc.

* Ch : mt community string ging nh mt password. Trong trng hp ca cu lnh

u tin, th community string s cho php bn c th truy cp bng SNMP.

2. Cu hnh Syslog

Router(config)#logging on Bt tnh nng logging trn tt c cc ch

c h tr.

Router(config)#logging 192.168.10.53 Cc thng ip logging s c gi n

mt syslog server vi a ch IP l

192.168.10.53.

Router(config)#logging sysadmin Cc thng ip Logging s c gi n

mt syslog server c tn l sysadmin.

Router(config)#logging trap x Cu hnh syslog server logging level vi

gi tr l x, Trong x l mt gi tr

nguyn nm trong khong t 0 n 7

Router(config)#service timestamps

log datetime

Cc thng ip Syslog s bao gm c

timestamp.

Bng sau s m t 8 cp ca cc thng ip logging:

0 Emergencies System is unusable

1 Alerts Immediate action needed

2 Critical Critical conditions

3 Errors Error conditions

4 Warnings Warning conditions


5 Notifications Normal but significant conditions

6 Informational Informational messages (default level)

7 Debugging Debugging messages

Chng 19: C bn v x l li


sau:

- Hin th bng nh tuyn

- Xc nh default gateway

- Xc nh thng tin nh tuyn cp nht cui cng

- Kim tra kt ni Layer 3

- Kim tra kt ni Layer 7

- Phn tch kt qu ca cu lnh Show Interface

- Xa b m trn interface

- S dng giao thc CDP x l li

- Cu lnh Traceroute

- Cu lnh show controllers

- Cc cu lnh debug

- S dng time stamps

- Cc cu lnh kim tra s hot ng ca h thng IP

- Cu lnh ip http server

- Cu lnh netstat

1. Hin th bng nh tuyn

Router# show ip route Hin th ton b bng nh tuyn.

Router# show ip route protocol Hin th bng nh tuyn ca mt giao

thc c ch ra (V d nh: RIP hoc

IGRP)

Router# show ip route w.x.y.z Hin th thng tin v ng w.x.y.z

Router# show ip route connected Hin th bng ca cc ng i kt ni

trc tip n thit b.

Router# show ip route static Hin th bng nh tuyn ca giao thc

Static.

Router# show ip route summary Hin th thng tin tng qut ca tt c


cc ng i

2. Xc nh default gateway

Router(config)#ip default-network

w.x.y.z

Cu hnh mng w.x.y.z l default route.

Tt c cc ng i khng c trong bng

nh tuyn s c gi ra ng default

route ny.

Router(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0

0.0.0.0 172.16.20.1

Ch ra tt c cc route khng c trong

bng nh tuyn s c gi n

172.16.20.1

* Ch : Cu lnh ip default-network c s dng vi nhng giao thc c quyn ca

Cisco nh Interior gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP). Mc d bn c th s dng cu lnh

vi cc giao thc khc nh EIGRP hoc RIP, nhng bn khng nn s dng. Bn c th s

dng cu lnh ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 thay th.

3. Xc nh thng tin nh tuyn cp nht cui cng

Router# show ip route Hin th ton b bng nh tuyn.

Router# show ip route w.x.y.z Hin th thng tin v mng w.x.y.z

Router# show ip protocols Hin th cc tham s v trng thi ca

giao thc nh tuyn IP

Router# show ip rip database Hin th c s d liu ca giao thc nh

tuyn RIP c xy dng trn router.

4. Kim tra kt ni Layer 3

Router#ping w.x.y.z Kim tra kt ni Layer 3 n thit b c

a ch IP l w.x.y.z

Router#ping Chuyn cu hnh vo ch ping m

rng, trong ch ny bn s c cung

cp nhiu ty chn c th la chn.

5. Kim tra kt ni Layer 7

Router#debug telnet Hin th tin trnh thng lng ca giao

thc telnet.

6. Phn tch kt qu ca cu lnh Show Interface

Router#show interface serial 0/0/0 Hin th trng thi ca interface s0/0/0

Serial 0/0/0 is up, line protocol

is up

Phn u tin l trng thi ca vt l,

phn th hai l trng thi logical.


Possible output results:


is up

Interface ang up v ang hot ng

bnh thng.


is down

Keepalive hoc kt ni c vn (khng

cu hnh clock rate, encapsulation li)

Serial 0/0/0 is down, line protocol

is down

Interface ang c vn , hoc thit b

ang kt ni thng qua interface ny

cha c cu hnh.

Serial 0/0/0 is administratively

down, line protocol is down

Interface ang b disable shut down

7. Xa b m trn interface

Router#clear counters Khi to li b m ca tt c cc

interface tr v 0.

Router#clear counters interface

type/slot

Khi to li b m ca interface c

ch ra tr v 0.

8. S dng giao thc CDP x l li

* Ch : cc bn c th xem li cc cu lnh trong chng 19.

9. Cu lnh Traceroute

Router#traceroute w.x.y.z Hin th tt c cc ng i n mng

ch c a ch IP l w.x.y.z

* Ch : Cc bn c th xem li chng 20 tm hiu v cc cu lnh c lin quan n

traceroute.

10. Cu lnh show controllers

Router#show controllers serial

0/0/0

Hin th cc loi cp c gn vo

interface serial (DCE hoc DTE), gi tr

ca clock rate s hin th, nu nh gi tr

c cu hnh.

11. Cc cu lnh Debug

Router#debug all Bt tnh nng debug trn thit b.

Router#u all

(short form of undebug all)

Tt tnh nng debug trn thit b.

Router#show debug Hin th nhng cu lnh debug c kh

nng thc hin trn thit b.


Router#terminal monitor Cc thng tin debug s hin th thng

qua phin telnet (theo mc nh th

nhng thng tin debug ch c kh nng

hin th duy nht thng qua mn hnh

console).

12. S dng Time Stamps

Router(config)#service timestamps Gn thm thi gian vo tt c cc thng

ip logging.


Debug

Gn thm thng tin thi gian n tt c

cc thng ip debugging.


debug uptime

Gn thm tham s thi gian m router

khi ng vo cc thng ip

debugging.


debug datetime localtime

Gn thm tham s thi gian hin th

thi gian cc b v ngy thng cho tt c

cc thng ip debugging.

Router(config)#no service

timestamps

Tt tnh nng time stamps.

13. Cc cu lnh kim tra s hot ng ca h thng IP

- Nhng cu lnh sau bn c th s dng kim tra cc thng s ci t a ch IP ca

bn nhng h iu hnh khc nhau.

- ipconfig (Windows 2000/XP):

Click Start > Run > Command > ipconfig hoc ipconfig/all

- winipcfg (Windows 95/98/Me)

Click Start > Run > winipcfg

- ifconfig (MAC/Linux):

# ifconfig

14. Cu lnh ip http server

Router(config)#ip http server Bt tnh nng HTTP server, khi cc

bn c th qun l thit b thng qua

giao din Web.

Router(config-if)#no ip http

server

Disable tnh nng HTTP server.


15. Cu lnh Netstat

C\>netstat S dng trong cc h iu hnh nh

Windows hoc Unix/Linux hin th kt

ni TCP/IP v cc thng tin v giao thc;


Phn VII: QUN L DCH V IP

Chng 20: Network Address Translation (NAT)

Chng 21: DHCP

Chng 22: Ipv6

Chng 20: Network Address Translation (NAT)


sau:

- a ch IP Private: RFC 1918

- Cu hnh NAT ng: Mt a ch IP Private chuyn i sang mt a ch IP Public

- Cu hnh Port Address Translation (PAT): Nhiu a ch IP Private c chuyn i sang

mt a ch IP Public

- Cu hnh Static NAT: Mt a ch IP Private c chuyn i c nh sang mt a ch IP

Public

- Kim tra cu hnh NAT v PAT

- X l li vi cu hnh NAT v PAT

- Cu hnh v d: PAT

1. a ch IP Private: RFC 1918

- Bng bn di s hin th danh sch di a ch c ch nh trong cun RFC 1918 c

s dng bi cc qun tr mng nh mt a ch IP Private. Nhng a ch IP ny s l nhng

a ch c gn cho cc thit b nm trong mng LAN v c chuyn i thnh a ch IP

Public c th c nh tuyn trn Internet. Rt nhiu mng c th c cho php s

dng nhng a ch IP ny; tuy nhin, nhng a ch ny khng c php nh tuyn trn

Internet.

Private Addresses

Class RFC 1918 Internal Address

Range

CIDR Prefix

A 10.0.0.010.255.255.255 10.0.0.0/8

B 172.16.0.0172.31.255.255 172.16.0.0/12

C 192.168.0.0192.168.255.255 192.168.0.0/16

2. Cu hnh NAT ng: Mt a ch IP Private chuyn i sang mt a ch IP Public

* Ch : hon thnh vic cu hnh NAT/PAT vi s tr gip ca s bn di, cc bn

c th nhn vo v d n gin cui chng ny.

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