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New Water Activity Analyzer

New Intrinsicallysafe HygroClip

ROTRONIC Sensors

on Kilimanjaro

Win aDigital

Camera!

Win aDigital

Camera!

issue 2/2001

Thanks to all ourcustomers and

distributors for thefeedback we havereceived since theintroduction of Hu-midity News. With

each issue we aim to introduce newideas and information, which wehope are useful and informative toour customers; please keep yourcomments and suggestions coming!

In this issue of Humidity News wecontinue to present a diverse rangeof applications from around theworld. From the Pyramids of Egypt,to organ-builders in Switzerland,ROTRONIC products are used world-wide and we are proud to describe

their successful use, and the benefitsthey bring the users.

Our R&D team continues to introducenew products, features and improve-ments to our range of instrumentsfor measuring humidity and tempe-rature. In this issue we introduce twomore exciting developments:

• New HygroLab 3 water activity ana-lyzer with integrated AwQuick modefor results in 5 minutes (see page 6)

• New Intrinsically Safe HygroClipprobe for use in hazardous areas(see page 9)

Both are based on our unique digitaltechnology to bring superb stan-

dards of measurement performanceand are easy to set up and use.

Finally we continue our focus on themost recent products introductions;in this issue the topic is the Hygro-Flex industrial transmitter with indu-strial HygroClip probes. As well as anoverview of the main features andbenefits, we introduce a new metalhousing option for the most deman-ding industrial environments. I hopeyou enjoy this Humidity News.

Daniel Ritler, Sales Manager

PS: Don’t forget to enter our compe-

tition on page 12 where you could

win a digital camera!

Preface

– 2 –

PREFACE

Frequent Humidity News readersare aware that in each Humidity

News we do have a little contest.

In our Humidity News 2 where weshowed the HygroClip digital productseries for the first time, we drew for a

HygroPalm with HygroClip S in adocking station. We received manyreplies with the correct answers.

COMPETITION WINNERS

The winner of the Big HygroPalm

Contest is

• W. Nievergelt,

Lindt + Sprüngli, Switzerland

Further winners are:

• J. Vane, Sealeing Ltd., Finland

• J. Faria, Provimi Portuguesa SA, Portugal

• J. C. WalkerBAE Systems, United Kingdom

• H. NiederwieserResidenzgalerie Salzburg,Austria

Congratulations

to all the winners!

The happy winners are:

See picture of Mr. Walter Nievergelt from the company Lindt + Sprüngli inSwitzerland getting the new HygroPalm hand held instrument. For those whodidn’t win this time see on page 12 the new contest. We wish you good luck.

ROTRONIC are the innovators ofthe Humidity market; our new

digital products have brought manynew features and benefits to the marketfor the first time, and we continue tointroduce new ideas to make lifeeasier for our customers.

So we are proud to announce ano-ther ‘first’. It is now possible to buy acomprehensive range of ROTRONIC

humidity and temperature instru-ments through the Internet at ournew ‘Humidity-Shop’. Visitors cancheck product specifications and ifrequired, place their order online.Delivery can be to anywhere in theworld through our comprehensivenetwork of distributors.

Visit www.rotronic-humidity.comtoday!

Calibration of any instrument is es-sential if precise measurement

results are to be maintained longterm. In some applications it is aregulatory demand that periodic cali-bration is performed, for example, inpharmaceutical and food manufactu-ring, or where a quality systemsuch as ISO9000 isin place.

For these reasons, many of ourcustomers demand higher levels ofcalibration and training in calibrationprocedures. Our Swiss Sales Teamhas therefore introduced a CalibrationSeminar, which gives a comprehen-sive overview.

Topics covered include calibrationfrequency, calibration methods,traceability, uncertainty, calibrationhistory, instrument drift. Beside thetheory a hands on training and „real“calibration is part of the seminars.

If you would like us to run thisseminar at your company,

please contact yourlocal dealer orcontact:

News

HUMIDITY SHOP ONLINE!Contents

Preface 2

Competition winners 2

News and contents 3

Product focus: HygroFlex 4/5

Water activity Quick 6

HygroLog D: Organs and

Humidity Switzerland 7

Application:

Pyramid of Saqquara - Egypt 8/9

HygroClip IS 9

Kilimanjaro 10

Water Activity of Raisins 11

Contact information

and competition 12

CALIBRATION SEMINAR

Exhibition Schedule,

Meet ROTRONIC at:

Environment Exhibition

07. – 11.11.2001

Lisbon, Portugal

Scanautomatic19. – 22.11.2001

Stockholm, Sweden

American Meteorlogical Show14. – 17.01.2002

Orlando, Florida, USA

Messtechnik Essen23. – 24.01.2002

Essen, Germany

INTERCLIMA05. – 09.02.2002

Paris, France

MTEC13. – 14.02.2002

NEC Birmingham, UK

Messtechnik Stuttgart06. – 07.03.2002

Stuttgart, Germany

AUTOMATICON Fair19. – 22.03.2002

Warsaw, Poland

Nordbygg VVS, HSV19. – 23.03.2002

Stockholm, Sweden

Giancarlo TirabassiSales Swiss

ROTRONIC AG

Peter Müller Product Manager

ROTRONIC AG

– 3 –

humidity-calibration@rotronic.ch

Evolution:

During the 1970’s,ROTRONIC were one

of the very first compa-nies to produce humiditytransmitters for the indu-strial market. Customerswho were involved in the

manufacture or storage of humidity/moisture sensitive products and ma-terials found many advantages inbeing able to measure and transmithumidity values to recorders andcontrollers.

Early transmitters on the marketwere complex and expensive, soduring the 1980’s our developmentfocused on simplifying the technologyand reducing the product cost, but at

the same time improvingmeasurement performance.Thanks to their high accuracyand excellent long term stabi-lity, products such as the HT,I-100, I-200, I-1000 and I-2000series of transmitters becamewidely used throughout manyareas of industry. As thebenefits of humidity measure-ment spread, the quantityproduced rapidly increased,and in many companiesROTRONIC became the speci-fied standard. Typical applica-

tions where industrial humiditytransmitters became widely usedincluded drying, climatic testing,process monitoring, storage andtransportation.

The main technical advantages ofROTRONIC industrial transmittershave always been accuracy, longterm stability and integrated tempera-ture compensation. When combinedwith competitive pricing and firstrate technical support, it has keptthem at the forefront of the humiditymarket for over 30 years. Our marke-ting, research and developmentteams work together and strive forconstant improvements to the instru-

ment range to keep our products atthe leading edge. With the introduc-tion of our ‘flagship’ industrial trans-mitter, the HygroFlex, we believe wehave taken the evolution anotherstep forward.

The Next Generation –

HygroFlex Key Features:

The fundamental difference betweenHygroFlex and previous generationsof humidity transmitters is its digitaloperating system. The modern worldis full of digital products; multimedia,entertainment, telecommunications,audio, visual and navigation systems,all using the simple combination of0’s and 1’s to connect, communicateand present information. The fact is,digital technology provides superiorperformance, enhances features andcosts less. HygroFlex is no exception!

HygroFlex consists of an intelligenttransmitter into which you canconnect a comprehensive range ofintelligent digital HygroClip Industri-al probes. The key advantage of thisconfiguration is the ability to connectany probe to any transmitter, maxi-mizing application flexibility andpermitting probe interchangeabilitywithout any loss of calibration orperformance. Analogue productsrequire the probe to be ‘matched’ orcalibrated with the transmitter, withthe result that interchangeability is

– 4 –

HygroFlex

FOCUS ON HYGROFLEX

HygroFlex

not easy, and requires specialistknowledge. Maintenance and cali-bration of the HygroFlex is very simpleas probes can be hot swapped inseconds, virtually eliminating on-sitemaintenance and engineering time.

As the HygroFlex communicatesusing digital signals, it follows thatcompatibility with other digital envi-ronments is possible. Using industrystandard serial communications, theHygroFlex can talk to any standardPC, and in combination with ourHW3 software package; it can emailor send SMS text messages to thesystem supervisor when alarm con-ditions occur. This feature can beexpanded to include a network of upto 32 HygroFlex transmitters, idealfor monitoring climatic chambers orwarehouses.

In the majority of installations wherehumidity is measured and controlled,analogue signal transmission is used.Naturally the HygroFlex is fully com-patible with this type of installation,offering a full range of output optionsincluding 4...20mA, 0...5V and 0...10V,which can be freely scaled by the user.

A further feature of the HygroFlexthat is worth mentioning is the abilityto reconfigure the measurementparameter, which is displayed andtransmitted through the analogueoutputs. In some situations the mea-sured values of %rh and temperatureare not compatible with the usersneeds, parameters such as dewpoint,wet-bulb, or mixing ratio are oftenrequired. With the HygroFlex it ispossible to fully reconfigure theinstrument to suit any installation.

Interchangeable HygroClip

Industrial Probes:

To complement the unique range offeatures and capabilities of theHygroFlex, we introduced a compa-tible range of digital probes based onHygroClip technology. Probe optionsare available to suit wall, cable/duct,and pressure installations (max. 50 bar). Recently introduced, thereare also three Intrinsically Safe (ExZone 0) versions suitable for installa-

tion in hazardous areas (see page 11for more information).

For maximum flexibility, the user caneasily interchange the different probetypes without loss of calibration orreduction of measurement perfor-mance.

Calibration:

With probes that can be easily repla-ced by the user, on-site calibrationcan be virtually eliminated. By fittinga new, or pre-calibrated probe module,the transmitters calibration can beupdated in seconds.

Of course,there may besome situationswhere a repla-cement probemay not be avai-lable, or the userprefers to cali-brate the trans-mitter directly. Inthese circum-stances Hygro-Flex offers two options:

1. A HygroPalm handheld indicatorcan be directly connected as shownin the picture above. The HygroPalmeffectively becomes a digital adjust-ment tool so that the HygroFlex canbe adjusted to any reference valueapplied. The same procedure can beperformed with the display version ifrequired.

2. Using the HygroData HTS interfacepack, which includes an RS232 servi-ce cable and the HW3 software. Youjust connect the HygroFlex to a PC tocontrol the calibration procedure.

Third Party Probe Input

and Pressure Compensation

HygroFlex has the option of a thirdmeasurement input channel whichcan be programmed to accept anymeasurement input such as tempera-ture, pressure, air velocity, light levelor ph, provided the probe has an out-put signal within 0...2.5 VDC.

One practical use of this feature isthe ability to accept a pressure mea-surement signal, which can be usedto compensate pressure dependentcalculated values such as wet-bulbtemperature.

A 3rd analogue output (HygroFlex 3)means that this useful additionalmeasurement can also be transmit-ted as an analogue signal along withhumidity and temperature.

Metal Housing

The HygroFlex is available at extracost with highly robust metal hou-

sing for installationsin the worst industrialenvironments. To spe-cify this option whenordering, use the ordercode HTM instead ofthe standard HTS.

For example:

HTS32

HygroFlex 3 with standard plastichousingHTM32

HygroFlex 3 with metal housing

For further information on the Hygro-Flex, please request a brochure, orvisit our website at:www.rotronic-humidity.com

– 5 –

– 6 –

ROTRONIC has manufactured in-struments for the measurement

of water activity for over 30 years.Our wealth of experience, the latestdigital technology and the applicationof the latest software analysistechniques are combined for the firsttime in our latest development - AwQuick.

Aw Quick

Aw Quick is advanced software forwater activity analysis. Its key featureis to achieve final water activityresults in typically five minutes orless, using digital signal processingand advanced mathematical analysis.Aw Quick mode is fully integratedwithin the new HygroLab 3 labora-tory display instrument, or is availablewhen using a compatible RS232enabled display instrument and theHygroData Quick software.

HygroLab 3

HygroLab 3 is a laboratory displayinstrument with integral Aw Quickmode, and up to four samples can bemeasured simultaneously. Finalresults are displayed directly on theintegral LC-display, and can also beautomatically captured on a PC run-ning the HygroData Quick software.

HygroData Quick

If you already have one of the latestgeneration of ROTRONIC digital

displayinstruments

with an RS232output, the Aw

Quick mode is accessi-ble by purchasing the HygroDataQuick software utility.

HygroData Quick includes:

• Aw Quick mode: Accelerated wateractivity analysis with results typical-ly in 5 minutes or less.

• Connecting four probes simulta-neously means average sampletimes can be reduced.

• Standard mode: conventional wateractivity measurement with automaticdetection of equilibrium and theoption to record and graph data.

• Automatic capture of end values toa text file for record keeping. Eachrecord includes a product descripti-on, instrument identification, dateand time.

All current versions of our HW3 soft-ware are shipped with Quick functionintegrated. To activate and register,you need to purchase at a ROTRONICoffice or distributor a product licensecode to give you access to the HygroData Quick utility. The software willautomatically check that you have acompatible ROTRONIC display in-strument and the license code will

automatically be storedin the memory of this in-dicator. For each displayinstrument used in con-junction with HygroDataQuick a separate licensecode is required.

Compatible display

instruments:

HygroLab 2

Aw Quick only by connec-tion to PC with HygroData Quick soft-ware utility activated.

HygroLab 3

Includes integrated Aw Quick mode,but requires purchase of HygroDataLab software to use in connectionwith PC software.

Application Focus

WATER ACTIVITY – QUICK!

Product code: Description:

HygroData LAB HW3 software and connecting cable for PCHygroData QUICK HW3 software, connecting cable for PC, licence codeHygroLab 2 HygroLab display unit with RS232 outputHygroLab 3 HygroLab display unit with integrated AW Quick

mode and RS232 output

Ordering Information

Worldwide

The protection ofcultural–assets

is a much discussedtopic. The influencesof various environ-mental pollutantsdamage irreplacea-ble cultural posses-sions. Humidity is

certainly one of the factors which candamage the old precious objects irre-versibly. Obviously, it is of greatimportance to avoid such damages.However, the responsible peopleoften just simply don’t know theclimate conditions of their premises.ROTRONIC dataloggers help to obtainthe data needed to preserve theseancient treasures.

Within the area of preserving church-organs, the Swiss company ChristophMetzler Orgelbau, also known as„The Flying Registers“ has beendoing pioneer-work since 1995. Chri-stoph Metzler is an organ-builder inthe 4th generation. This company islocated in Dietikon, a suburb ofZurich, and it works together with 5 partner companies of the „IG Orgel“all over Europe as well as in the US.It is their common aim to preserve

old organs and to restore damagedones. The goal here is to preservethe instruments in their original con-dition as far as possible. Unfortuna-tely, as time passes by, many organsare altered and partly reconstructed;some of them over and over again.Says Christoph Metzler: „With everychange, an organ loses some of itscharacter.“ The changes were usuallymade, when the spirit of the timeschanged; often also with the changeof an organist. Many organs hadfinally to be replaced due to failedreconstructions.

Now, what happens to an organ,

when the climate is wrong?

If the moisture content becomes toohigh, the wood starts to swell; if it’stoo low, it shrinks. These actions mayeasily destroy the glued junctionsand, in extreme cases even lead tothe ripping of the wood itself. If thewood swells, the organ is no longereasy to play. The reaction-time of thevarious components is not correctanymore; the organ does not soundgood. Obviously, this effect results ina loss of value, and it seems ratherlogical, that many alterations and

reconstructions of old instrumentshave been done for that reason.

So the goal is to prevent the instru-ments from being damaged or evendestroyed. Obviously, it is mucheasier to prevent than to repair. Thehumidity should always be in a rangeof 50...60 %RH. With the data loggersHygroLog, the conditions may easilybe recorded.

Since the beginning of 2001, Chri-stoph Metzler has used ROTRONICDataloggers HygroLog D, which arebeing placed inside the organs andrecord the climate data autonomouslyfor long periods of time. These datagive information on the reasons ofeventual damages. However, even ifthere are no damages yet, the datagive us information on the climate;thus showing whether or not thepremises should be heated or justventilated or air conditioned. Oncethe data is known, it is also easy todetermine, whether or not a claim forwarranty is justified. And of course,this is a simple task for a dataloggerof ROTRONIC.

– 7 –

ROTRONIC HYGROLOG-DDATALOGGERS IN CHURCH-ORGANS

Peter Müller Product Manager

ROTRONIC AG

The Great Pyra-mid at Saqquara,

on a desert plateausome 30 km southof Cairo is the sitewhere the Egypti-ans first tried to putinto practice on amassive scale their

attempt to defeat time and death bybuilding tombs and temples in stone.It is here the Egyptians built theworld’s first pyramid, part of an ex-tensive funerary complex for thePharaoh Zoser. The Step Pyramid, (a‘stairway to heaven’ for the depar-ting Pharaoh), some 62m high, iscentral to the complex and was con-structed 4500 years ago. It is olderthan the more famous pyramids atGizeh and the Sphinx, and had alrea-dy been standing for over a thousandyears when Tutankahmun came tothe throne around 1500BC.

A new discovery

Archaeologists have been excavatingthe site for over 150 years. But upuntil 1987 no-one had explored thedesert area on the complex’s westernside as archaeologists believed therewas little to be found there. However,an archaeological mission, led byProfessor Karol Mysliwiec, workingon behalf of the Centre of Mediterra-nean Archaeology at Warsaw Univer-sity discovered burials spanning nearly4,000 years, one of which was thewell-preserved and colourful tomb ofa powerful Egyptian politician, a pre-viously obscure vizier named Fefi.

A vizier was the right hand man ofthe pharaoh. Fefi seems to have beena colourful character who lived in the24th century BC. The tomb’s wallinscriptions portray him cavortingwith a woman known as „The OneWho Loves Life.“ His five wivesapparently were stuck at home. Helived late in the reign of King Teti,first ruler of the Sixth Dynasty, a timeof turbulence. Fefi controlled muchof the nation’s financial and admini-

strative affairs. The 1987 excavationfound deep shafts hewn in the rock,many mummies and a wall runningparallel to the pyramid, which see-med to be part of a monumentaltomb. The team returned to Egypt in1996, as part of a joint Polish-Egyptianexpedition with the Supreme Councilfor Egyptian Antiquities. It unearthed the courtyard of thetomb, discovering a levelled rocksurface covered with a thick layer ofmud. When this mud-brick rubblewas finally removed, the team foundcolourful reliefs decorating the ent-rance to a funerary chapel, showingthe tomb’s owner in the company ofa lady.

Need for preservation

The extremely fragile structure of thelocal limestone causes salts to con-centrate on the paintings. This posesa challenge to conservators from theNational Museums in Warsaw andKrakow. Conservation will take yearsof hard work. The work dependsgreatly on climate conditions insidethe tomb. Of particular importance ismonitoring changes in humidity con-ditions over time, between successi-ve archaeological digs. To achievethis, accurate and stable data acqui-sition equipment was needed to

collect as much temperature and hu-midity data as possible.

Technology assists

In desert conditions humidity andtemperature can vary widely over a24 hour period, including excursionsto high humidity and high tempera-ture, the worst type of environmentfor electronic instrumentation. Theproduct of choice for this demandingapplication is the ROTRONIC Hygro-Log, supplied through ROTRONIC’sPolish distributor - B&L International(Warsaw).

HygroLog is a self contained modu-lar logger featuring the interchangea-ble HygroClip sensor module. Whencalibration or maintenance of themeasurement hardware is required,the site personnel can simply fit apre-calibrated new module withinseconds. Continuous collection ofvaluable climatic data is thereforeguaranteed and the conservationteam are able to precisely record theconditions to which the reliefs areexposed. From this data, decisionscan be made as to how the paintingsneed to be treated to prevent furtherdeterioration, and therefore preservethis priceless record of the past forfuture generations.

Worldwide

– 8 –

APPLICATION: PYRAMID OF SAQQUARAEGYPT/POLAND

Irmina SibilskaPresident

B&L International

Intrinsically Safe Humidity Solutions

- Introducing the HygroClip Ex

The New HygroClip-ID-Ex, IC-Exand IW-Ex are suitable for the

measurement of humidity and tem-perature in hazardous areas. Theyare rated for operation in Eex ia IICT6, which means Zone 0 (the highestpossible) and a temperature opera-ting range for the electronics of -20to 40°C. HygroClip Ex probes aresupplied pre-fitted with 5m of Exrated (blue) cable, which is thenconnected to the HygroFlex displayunit via a Zener barrier. Cable lengthcan be extended up to 200m withoutany effect on calibration thanks tothe use of digital signal transmissionbetween the probes and the Hygro-Flex transmitter. In hazardous areas aZener barrier must be used. Typicalapplications include monitoring inthe oil, gas and pharmaceutical indu-stries (e.g. fluid bed dryers).

HygroClip-ID-Ex

is suitable for duct or through-the-wall installation. It features a 250 x

15 mm stainless steel probe. Induct configuration, the probe is

suitable for measurementover the ranges 0...100%rh

and – 50...200°C, providedthat the electronics enclo-

sure remains within itsrated operating tempera-

ture of -20...40°C.

HygroClip-IC-Ex

features a cable mountedprobe for maximum installation flexi-bility and for applications in veryhigh or low temperatures. The probedimensions are 120 x 15 mm andcable length is 2m. This product issuitable for measurements over theranges 0...100%rh and -50...200°C.Probe installation hardware (mountingflange with compression fitting) isavailable for installations in ducts etc.

HygroClip-IW-Ex

is configured for wall mount installa-tions with an external 150 x 15 mmprobe, again with the replaceable filtersystem.

Stand Alone 4...20mA 2 wire use.

A useful feature of the HygroClip Exprobes is that they can be configuredto operate without the HygroFlex asa stand alone 2 wire 4...20mA trans-mitter for humidity or temperatureonly (not combined). Configurationof this feature is by simple reconfigu-ration of internal jumpers, and norecalibration of the probe is requiredthanks again to the use of digitaltechnology.

– 9 –

HYGROCLIP IS

For full details of the HygroClip Ex, please request our brochure, or visit our website: www.rotronic-humidity.com

HygroClip

Worldwide

The first Europe-an sighting of

Kilimanjaro occur-red 62 years afterthe ascent of MontBlanc, yet reportsof snow and icehigh on the moun-tain were viewed

for many years as an apparition. Wenow know that the massive equatorialvolcano in Tanzania, with a summitelevation of 5895 m (19,341 feet),supported ~20 km2 of glaciers untillate in the 19th cen-tury. By last year, theice-covered area thatJohannes Rebmanndescribed as „dazzling whiten-ess“ in 1848 had decreased by~90%, to 2.2 km2.

Today, researchers are actively inve-stigating the meteorological conditionson Kilimanjaro, to better understand

the relationship bet-ween the mountain’sclimate and the demiseof its beautiful tropi-

cal glaciers.An automa-

ted weather sta-tion was established

near the summit inFebruary 2000,

employing ROTRONICMP101A probes to measurehumidity and temperature.Data are stored on-site andtransmitted via Argos telemetry tothe University of Massachusetts.ROTRONIC probes continue to provi-de accurate measurements, despitesevere conditions including perpetuallysub-freezing temperature and solarradiation often in excess of 1200 W m-2.

Further details on the weather stationand Kilimanjaro climate research areavailable at:

www.geo.umass.edu/climate/kibo.html

Douglas Hardy, University of Massa-chusetts (photo credit: Douglas Hardy,UMass Geosciences)

ROTRONIC SENSORS ON KILIMANJARO

– 10 –

Gary MoliverInside Sales/Marketing

ROTRONIC USA

– 11 –

Raisins were pro-bably discover-

ed by accidentmany thou-sands ofyears

ago when the sun driedgrapes on the vine. An-cient civilizations foundthem to be flavoursomeand nutritious, but bestof all, they could be sto-red and transported withoutdegradation. The key to the quality ofraisins is the drying process and themoisture content. If the raisin is toodry, its nutritional value and flavourare diminished, too wet and the rai-sin degrades very quickly and willnot survive storage or transportation.

The measurement of the moisturecontent of raisins is a challengingtask due to two main problems.

1. Raisins are a mixture of complexsugars and volatile substances. Theprocess of heating the sample duringweight loss on drying analysis mayalso remove other substances and

hence affect the value of moisturecontent obtained.

2. Raisins have a semi permea-ble skin that does not allow

for fast exchange of watermolecules between the fleshof the raisin and its surroun-ding environment.

As a result, measurement ofmoisture content is verytime consuming and in-accurate, so Dr Chaniota-kis of the Laboratory of

Analytical Chemistry at theUniversity of Crete (Greece)

has described an analysis proto-col, which solves these problemsand provides fast, accurate andrepeatable measurements.

Methodology:

For each type of raisin it is ne-cessary to prepare a SorptionIsotherm, which is a graphor calibration curve, whichplots moisture contentagainst water activity.

Moisture content is deter-mined at several points with a Karl

Fischer Titratorusing a Hydranal5 reagent.

Corresponding va-lues of water activity

are obtained using a ROTRONICAWVC measurement station to measurethe raisin samples. Sample preparati-on is critical; the skin of the raisinneeds to be cut, but not removed,and Dr. Chaniotakis uses a speciallydesigned tool.

The two sets of measurements arethen plotted as a graph.

By routine measure-ment of wateractivity using

ROTRONIC equip-ment and the

Sorption Isotherm data,moisture content canbe determined. Withfast results and simple

operation, non-skilledpersonnel in produc-tion and quality control

departments can usethis measurement

whenever moisturechecks are necessary to maintain thehighest levels of raisin quality.

Our thanks go to Dr. Chaniota-kis for allowing us to describe

his methods.

This work was partly financedby E.U. 399/94 and1905/94

WATER ACTIVITY OF RAISINS

Worldwide

Dimitris PolymatidisProject Manager

SCIENTIFIC ENTERPRISES LTD

1. How many wives did the Vizier Fefi have?

❏ 1 wife❏ 5 wives❏ 50 wives

2. What is the maximum cable length between HygroClip Ex and the HygroFlex?

❏ 2 metres❏ 100 metres❏ 200 metres

3. Using a single measurement probe, how long does a water activity analysis take using AW Quick?

❏ 1 minute❏ 5 minutes❏ 10 minutes

4. What is the optimal humidity range for organs?

❏ 50...60 %RH❏ 40...50 %RH❏ 30...40 %RH

5. What is the order code for a HygroFlex 2with a metal housing?

❏ HTS32❏ HTM22❏ HTM32

INTERNATIONAL ROTRONIC REPRESENTATIVES

FAX TO: +41- 1 - 8 37 00 73Sender:

Name:

Company:

Address:

Country:

Phone:

E-Mail:

ARGENTINA, Telemeter s.r.l,

carlos.lohrmann@telemeter.com.ar, T:+5411-4551-2021/5383, F:+5411-4555-5373AUSTRALIA, Pryde Measurement Pty. Ltd

pryde@pryde.com.au, T: +61-3-9568 61 88, F: +61-3-9569 97 42AUSTRIA, MEPA Dipl. Ing. R.Kühnel GmbH,

info@kuehnel.at, T: +43-1-814 150F: +43-1-814 15 16BELGIUM, Krautli N.V., S.A.,

contact@krautli.be, T: +32-2-481 72 00, F: +32-2-466 91 47, T: +32-2-481 72 29BRAZIL, Swisserv, swisserv@nvc.com.br, T: +5511-5181 1481, F: +5511-5182-6755CHINA, Zhuhai Delai, info@delai.com,T: +86-756 212 12 33, F: +86-756 212 75 55CZECH REP., HILL TECH SPOL s.r.o., hiltech@hiltech.cz,T: +42-628 34 05 93, F: +42-628 34 25 09CZECH REP., JD Dvorak s.r.o., obchod@testsysteme.cz,T: +42-2 781 81 81, F: +42-2 781 79 91DENMARK, cke@cke.dk,

T: +45-44 98 99 06, F: +45-44 98 99 60EGYPT, MYMSA, mymsa.menoufi@gega.netT: +20-2-526 18 88 / 526 19 99, F: +20-2-526 16 66FINLAND, Fattore Vitale & Co., fatto-1@fattore.fi, T: +358-9-803 94 84, F: +358-9-803 94 21 GREECE, SCIENTIFIC Enterprises LTD,

scienter@athserv.otenet.gr, T: +30-1-482 36 63, F: +30-1-482 05 80HONG KONG, China Scientific Ltd,

T: +852-2527-9261, F: +852-2865 6141

HUNGARY, S I & H Ltd,

T: +36-22-30 4878, F: +36-22-33 7677GSM: +36-20-517580ITALY, Krautli Elettrica s.r.l, info@krautli.it,

T: +39-2-32 44 41, F: +39-2-39 21 87 05ISRAEL, Madid Industrial Controls LTD,

madid@actcom.co.il, T: +972-48-41 35 52, F: +972-48-41 40 17JAPAN, Meister Sentronic Co., Ltd.,

h-fukuda@rotronic-meister.co.jp, T: +81-45-320 25 21, F: +81-45-320 25 35KROATIA and BA, SI, MK, VENTA OPREMA d.o.o.,

venta_oprema@hotmail. Com, T: +385-1-61 41 703, F: +385-1-61 41 703KOREA, NANG YEAL CONTROL CO.,

nyc02@netsgo.com,T: +82-2-892 84934, F: +82-2-803 16 57KOREA, MHK TRADING COMPANY,

T: +82 32 684 1528, F: +82 32 674 7704MALAYSIA, DP THERMO CONT.ELECT.,

hksoong@pc.jaring.my, T: +603 7808935, F: +603 7801046NETHERLAND Proces & Milieu

godron@worldonline.nl, T: +31-345 50 14 33, F: +31-345 50 21 29NEW ZEALAND, EMC Industrial Instrumentation

sales@emc.co.nz, T: +64-9-415 5110, F: +64-9-415 5115NORWAY, Elektronisk M. AS

T: +47-67 07 17 27, F: +47-67 07 14 86POLAND, B & L International Ltd.,

info@bil.com.pl, T: +48 22 646 46 88, F: +48 22 646 38 48

PORTUGAL, ITISE LDA, itise@mail.telepac.pt,T: +35121-4-744004 / 4-74 42 90, F: +35121-4-744373ROMANIA, SYSCOM 18 SRL, syscom@cdn-gw.pub.ro,T/F: +40-1-22291 76, T/F: +40-1-22291 79SINGAPORE, ACHEMA, achema@magix.com.sg, T: +65 3 569081, F: +65 3 569082SINGAPORE, SUPERTRON Pte. Ltd.,

supertrn@singnet.com.sg, T: +65 294 6 292, F: +65 296 9 472SOUTH AFRICA, Action Instruments SA Ltd,

pgwf @icon.co.za., T: +27-11-403 22 47, F: +27-11-403 02 87SLOVAKIA, JOVENTA S&C,

T: +421 7-25 05 46, F: +421 7-25 05 46, T/F: +420 6 67321827SPAIN, PERTEGAZ, S.L., brb@pertegazsl.com, T: +34-93-303 69 80, F: +34-93-308 15 39SWEDEN, SWEMA Svenska Mätapparater F.A.B.,

carl.welinder@swema.se, T: +46-8-94 00 90, F: +46-8-93 44 93TAIWAN R.O.C., Hsing Nan Import & Export Co. Ltd,

hsingnan@fmail.gcn.net.tw, T: +886-2-25950212, F: +886-2-25946841THAILAND, Industrial Electrical Co. Ltd.,

nusda@ie.co.th, T: +662-642-67 00, F: +662-642-42 50TURKEY, EMO TEKNIK MALZEME TIC. VE SAN LTD.STI,

emoltd@superonline.com, T: +90-212-2109500, F: +90-212-2109507USA &Canada, Mexico, ROTRONIC Instrument Corp.,

jpl@rotronic-usa.com, david@rotronic-usa.com, T: +1-631-427 38 98, F: +1-631-427 3902

Grindelstrasse 6CH-8303 Bassersdorf

Phone +41–1–838 11 11Fax +41–1–837 00 73

www.rotronic-humidity.com

Einsteinstrasse 17 – 23D-76275 Ettlingen

Phone +49-7243-383 250Fax +49-7243-383 260

www.rotronic.de

56, Bld. de CourcerinF-77183 Croissy Beaubourg

Phone +33-1-60 95 07 10Fax +33-1-60 17 12 56

www.rotronic-humiditiy.com

Vector Point, Newton RoadCrawley, West Sussex RH10 2TU

Phone +44-1293-57 10 00Fax +44-1293-57 10 08

www.rotronic.co.uk

160, East Main StreetHuntington N.Y. 11743

Phone +1–631–427 38 98Fax +1–631–427 39 02www.rotronic-usa.com

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