humanoid robots_2003

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BY N.CHANDRA SEKHAR

07481A0418

UNDER GUIDANCE OF

Mr. G.RAMA KRISHNA



CONTENTS

y Introduction

y The rise of robot police

y Sensors

y Actuators

y Commanding of Robots

y Conclusion

y References



� Self-maintenance

� Autonomous learning

� Avoiding harmful situations to people,

property, and itself

� Safe interacting with human beings and the

environment

Capacities of a humanoid robot



The rise of robot policeUSA:� Uses in bomb disposal� Police and SWA T (Special W eapons A nd Tactics) teamsusing robots for a greater variety of dangerous tasks

China:� police robots for use at the Beijing Olympics in 2008.� Some robots are dev eloped such that citizens are directly connected with police robots.

Japan:� Used in patrolling shopping centres to monitorunauthorised access.



Sensors

Touch

� In 2009, scientists developed a prosthetic hand, called

Smart Hand, which functions like a real one, allowing

patients to write with it, play piano and perform other finemovements.

� The prosthesis has sensors which enable the patient to

sense real feeling in its fingertips.



Vision

� Computer vision systems rely on image sensors which detect

electromagnetic radiation which is typically in the form of either

visible light or infra-red light.

� The process by which light propagates and reflects off surfaces

is based on optics.

� Sophisticated image sensors even require quantum mechanics to

provide a complete understanding of the image formation process.



Types of Sensors

1. Proprioceptive sensors

2. Exteroceptive sensors



Proprioceptive sensors

�

Proprioceptiv e sensors sense the position, the orientation and the speed of the humanoid's body and joints.

� Humanoid robots use accelerometers to measure the acceleration, tilt sensorsto measure inclination



Exteroceptive sensors

� Exteroceptiv e sensors giv e the robot information about the surrounding environment.

� Proximity sensors are used to measure the relativ e distance (range) between the sensor and objects in the environment.

� Tactile sensors also provide information about forces and torques transf erred between the robot and other objects.



Actuators

Actuators are the motors responsible for motion in the

robot.

Types:

� Electric

� Pneumatic

� Hydraulic

�

Piezoelectric or ultrasonic



�Hydraulic and electric actuators have a very rigid behavior

and can only be made to act in a compliant manner throughthe use of relatively complex feedback control strategies.

�Piezoelectric actuators generate a small movement with a

high force capability when voltage is applied.

�Ultrasonic actuators are designed to produce movements in

a micrometer order at ultrasonic frequencies (over 20 kHz).

�Pneumatic actuators operate on the basis of gas

compressibility.



Bimanual movements

� Bimanual movements in general form a large subset

of hand movements in which both hands move

simultaneously in order to do a task or imply a meaning.

� Scientists at Dublin City University have researched a

subset of human movements called bimanual movements

� Understanding bimanual movements requires not only

computer vision and pattern recognition techniques butalso neuroscientific studies.



� Bimanual mo

vement includes three fundamentalcomponents.

� Low-level image processing to deal with sensory data,

intelligent hand tracking to recognize the left hand from the

right hand, and machine learning for understanding themovements.



Conclusion

� It decreases the human effort and carries their job in v ery best manner.

� The dev elopment of police robotics would change thenature of society and the way humans conduct their liv es.

� It may be that with advanced technological crimes, more

dangerous armed criminal gangs, massiv ely increasedterrorist and some future horrors that we cannot foresee,society will be prepared to concede much of its currentlibertyand privacy.



References

Journals and Papers

1. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation

Systems.

2. J.A

.A

dams, "Human-robot interaction design: Understanding user needs and requirements," in Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

49th Annual Meeting , 2005.

Websites

1. http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html2. http://www.gadgetrivia.com/8164-

best_robot_international_robot_exhibition.

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