Humanistic Psychology CatStan

8/12/2019 Humanistic Psychology CatStan

1/13

Humanistic psychologyFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Humanistic psychologyis a psychological perspective which rose to prominence in the mid-20thcentury in response to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory and !F! Skinner'sehaviorism!"citation

needed#With its roots running from Socratesthrough the $enaissance, this approach emphasi%es an

individual's inherent drive towards self-actuali%ationand creativity! &n the contet of the tertiary

sector(eginning to produce more than thesecondary sector, the humanistic psychology, which was

sometimes referred to as a )third force,) as distinct from the two more traditional approaches to

psychology, psychoanalysisand(ehaviorism, (egan to (e seen as more relevant than the older

approaches! &t also led to a new approach to human capitalwith thecreativity- previously seen as work

prere*uisite for artists only - (eginning for the first time in human history to (e seen as a work

prere*uisite for employees that were in an increasing num(er working in cognitive-cultural economy!

&ts ideas have influenced the theory and practice of education and social work, particularly in +orth

merica, as well as the emerging field oftranspersonal psychology!"#"2#

&t typically holds that people are inherently good! &t adopts a holisticapproach to human eistence and

pays special attention to such phenomena as creativity, free will, and human potential! &ts principal

.!S! professional organi%ations are the ssociation for Humanistic /sychology and the Society for

Humanistic /sychology 1ivision 2 of themerican /sychological ssociation3!

Contents

"hide#

4arly sources

2 5onceptual origins

6rientation to scientific research

7 1evelopment of the field

8 5ounseling and therapy

o 8! pproaches

o 8!2 4mpathy and self-help

o 8! 9he ideal Self

o 8!7 +on-pathological

: Humanistic psychology and social issues

; Humanistic psychology and humanistic social work

< See also
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive-cultural_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive-cultural_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpersonal_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpersonal_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpersonal_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychological_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychological_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Early_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Conceptual_originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Orientation_to_scientific_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Development_of_the_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Counseling_and_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Approacheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Empathy_and_self-helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#The_ideal_Selfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#The_ideal_Selfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Non-pathologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Non-pathologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Humanistic_psychology_and_social_issueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Humanistic_psychology_and_humanistic_social_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#See_alsohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socrateshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaissancehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_sector_of_the_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_sector_of_the_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviorismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive-cultural_economyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transpersonal_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Psychological_Associationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Early_sourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Conceptual_originshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Orientation_to_scientific_researchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Development_of_the_fieldhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Counseling_and_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Approacheshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Empathy_and_self-helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#The_ideal_Selfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Non-pathologicalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Humanistic_psychology_and_social_issueshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Humanistic_psychology_and_humanistic_social_workhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#See_also


2/13

= $eferences

0 4ternal links

Further reading

Early sources[edit]

6ne of humanistic psychology's early sources was the work of 5arl $ogers,who was strongly

influenced (y 6tto $ank,who (roke with Freud in the mid-=20s! $ogers' focus was to ensure that the

developmental processes led to healthier, if not more creative, personality functioning! 9he term

'actuali%ing tendency' was also coined (y $ogers, and was a concept that eventually led(raham

>aslowto study self-actuali%ationas one of the needs of humans!"#"7#$ogers and >aslow introduced

this positive, humanistic psychology in response to what they viewed as the overly pessimistic view of

psychoanalysis!"8#":#

9he other sources include the philosophies of eistentialismand phenomenology!

Conceptual origins[edit]

9he humanistic approach has its roots

in phenomenologicalandeistentialistthought";#see?ierkegaard, +iet%sche, Heidegger,>erleau-

/ontyandSartre3! 4astern philosophyand psychology also play a central role in humanistic

psychology, as well as @udeo-5hristian philosophies ofpersonalism, as each shares similar concerns

a(out the nature of human eistence and consciousness!"2#

5arl $ogers=02A=ounier,Ca(riel

>arcel,1enis de $ougemont,@ac*ues >aritain,>artin u(er,4mmanuel Devinas,>a

Schelerand?arol WoEtyla
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Rankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Rankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Schacter-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_phenomenologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_phenomenologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzschehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heideggerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Pontyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Pontyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Pontyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Pontyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Marcelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Marcelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Marcelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_de_Rougemonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_de_Rougemonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Maritainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Maritainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Buberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Buberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Schelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Schelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Schelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Schelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_IIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carl_Ransom_Rogers.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Carl_Ransom_Rogers.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Referenceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#External_linkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#Further_readinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_Rankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Schacter-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology_(psychology)http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_phenomenologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existentialismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%B8ren_Kierkegaardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Nietzschehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Heideggerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Pontyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Merleau-Pontyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Mounierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Marcelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Marcelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_de_Rougemonthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Maritainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Buberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Levinashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Schelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Schelerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II


3/13

s (ehaviorism grew out of&van /avlov's work with the conditioned refle, and laid the foundations for

academic psychology in the .nited States associated with the names of@ohn ! Watsonand!F!

Skinner,(raham >aslowgave (ehaviorism the name )the second force)! Historically )the first force)

were psychologists like Sigmund Freud,lfred dler, 4rik 4rikson, 5arl @ung, 4rich Fromm,?aren

Horney, >elanie ?lein,Harry Stack Sullivan, and others!"aslow,5arl $ogers, and 5lark

>oustakas, who were interested in founding a professional association dedicated to a psychology

focused on these features ofhuman capitaldemanded (ypost-industrial society!

9he humanistic psychology perspective is summari%ed (y five core principles orpostulatesof

humanistic psychology first articulated in an article written (y @ames ugentalin =:7"=#and adapted

(y 9om Creening,"0#psychologist and long-time editor of the @ournal of Humanistic /sychology!9he

five (asic principles of humanistic psychology areB

! Human (eings, as human, supersede the sum of their parts! 9hey cannot (e reduced to

components!

2! Human (eings have their eistence in a uni*uely human contet, as well as in a cosmic

ecology!

! Human (eings are aware and are aware of (eing aware - i!e!, they are conscious! Human

consciousness always includes an awareness of oneself in the contet of other people!7! Human (eings have some choice and, with that, responsi(ility!

8! Human (eings are intentional, aim at goals, are aware that they cause future events, and

seek meaning, value, and creativity!

While humanistic psychology is a specific division within the merican /sychological

ssociation1ivision 23, humanistic psychology is not so much a disciplinewithin psychology as

aperspectiveon the human condition that informs psychological research and practice!

Orientation to scientific research[edit]

Humanistic psychologists generally do not (elieve that we will understand human consciousness and

(ehavior through traditional scientific research!"#9he o(Eection that humanistic psychologists have to

traditional research methods is that they are derived from and suited for the physical sciences "2#and

not especially appropriate to studying the compleities and nuances of human meaning-making "#"7#"8#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Adlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Eriksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Junghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Frommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Frommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Horneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Horneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Horneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Kleinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Stack_Sullivanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Stack_Sullivanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-ahp_history-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becoming_(philosophy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becoming_(philosophy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Moustakashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Moustakashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-industrial_societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-industrial_societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bugentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bugentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Bugental.27s_Five_Postulates-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Bugental.27s_Five_Postulates-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-10http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-10http://jhp.sagepub.com/http://jhp.sagepub.com/http://www.apadivisions.org/division-32/http://www.apadivisions.org/division-32/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Carlson-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Harman_Science-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Rogers_Science-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Rogers_Science-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Communicating_Sciences-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Polkinghorne_Methodology.2C_1993-15http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Pavlovhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_B._Watsonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Freudhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Adlerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Eriksonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Junghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Frommhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Horneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen_Horneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanie_Kleinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Stack_Sullivanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-ahp_history-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selfhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creativityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Becoming_(philosophy)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individualismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Moustakashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Moustakashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_capitalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-industrial_societyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bugentalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Bugental.27s_Five_Postulates-9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-10http://jhp.sagepub.com/http://www.apadivisions.org/division-32/http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Carlson-11http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Harman_Science-12http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Rogers_Science-13http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Communicating_Sciences-14http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Polkinghorne_Methodology.2C_1993-15


4/13

However, humanistic psychology has involved scientific research of human (ehavior since its

inception! For eampleB

(raham >aslow proposed many of his theories of human growth in the form of testa(le

hypotheses,":#";#"


5/13

Development of the field[edit]

9hese preliminary meetings eventually led to other developments, which culminated in the description

of humanistic psychology as a recogni%a(le )third force) in psychology along with (ehaviorism and

psychoanalysis3! Significant developments included the formation of the ssociation for Humanistic/sychology H/3 in =: and the launch of the Journal of Humanistic Psychologyoriginally )9he

/hoeni)3 in =:!

Su(se*uently, graduate programs in Humanistic /sychology at institutions of higher learning grew in

num(er and enrollment! &n =;, humanistic psychology as a field was recogni%ed (y themerican

/sychological ssociation/3 and granted its own division 1ivision 23 within the /! 1ivision 2

pu(lishes its own academic Eournal called The Humanistic Psychologist!"2#&n =;2, ?654 9G and the

5oast 5ommunity 5ollege 1istrict, produced an award winning television series titledAs Man

Behaveswith 5arl $ogers as a primary consultant, working with >athew 1uncan as psychologist host

and with ernard Duskin eecutive producer! 9his was one of the most viewed television series in

psychology ever produced and widely fostered the various aspects of humanistic psychology!"citation needed#

9he maEor theorists considered to have prepared the ground for Humanistic /sychology are6tto

$ank,(raham >aslow,5arl $ogersand$ollo >ay! >aslow was heavily influenced (y ?urt

Coldsteinduring their years together at randeis .niversity! /sychoanalytic writers also influenced

humanistic psychology! >aslow himself famously acknowledged his )inde(tedness to Freud)

in Towards a Psychology of Being"#6ther psychoanalytic influences include the work ofWilhelm

$eich,who discussed an essentially 'good', healthy core self and haracter Analysis=3, and 5arl

Custav @ung's mythological and archetypal emphasis! 6ther noteworthy inspirations for and leaders of

the movement include$o(erto ssagioli,Cordon llport, >edard oss,>artin u(erclose to @aco(

D! >oreno3,@ames ugental,Giktor Frankl,4rich Fromm, Hans-Werner Cessmann,medeo

Ciorgi,?urt Coldstein, Sidney @ourard,$! 1! Daing,5lark >oustakas,Dewis >umford, Frit% /erls,

nthony Sutich,9homas S%as%,?irk @! Schneider,and ?en Wil(er!"2#"7#5arl $ogers was trained in

psychoanalysis (efore developing humanistic psychology! "#

Counseling and therapy[edit]

1iagram illustrating the )hierarchy of needs)theory of(raham >aslow=0


6/13

9he aim of humanistic therapy is usually to help the client develop a stronger and healthier sense of

self, also calledself-actuali%ation!"2#"8#

Approaches[edit]

Humanistic psychology includes several approaches to counseling and therapy! mong the earliestapproaches we find the developmental theory of(raham >aslow,empha%ising ahierarchy of

needsand motivations theeistential psychologyof $ollo >ay acknowledging human choice and the

tragic aspects of human eistence and theperson-centered or client-centered therapyof 5arl $ogers,

which is centered on the client's capacity for self-direction and understanding of his or her own

development!"8#9he therapist should ensure that all of the clientIs feelings are (eing considered and

that the therapist has a firm grasp on the concerns of the client while ensuring that there is an air of

acceptance and warmth!"#

4istential psychotherapiesapply eistential philosophy,which emphasi%es the idea that humans have

the freedom to make sense of their lives! 9hey are free to define themselves and do whatever it is they

want to do! 9his is a type of humanistic therapy that forces the client to eplore the meaning of their

life, as well as its purpose! 9here is a conflict (etween having freedoms and having limitations!

4amples of limitations include genetics, culture, and many other factors! 4istential therapy involves

trying to resolve this conflict!"#

nother approach to humanistic counseling and therapy isCestalt therapy, which puts a focus on the

here and now, especially as an opportunity to look past any preconceived notions and focus on how

the present is affected (y the past! $ole playing also plays a large role in Cestalt therapy and allows

for a true epression of feelings that may not have (een shared in other circumstances! &n Cestalt

therapy, non-ver(al cues are an important indicator of how the client may actually (e feeling, despite

the feelings epressed!

lso part of the range of humanistic psychotherapy are concepts fromdepth therapy,holistic

health,encounter groups,sensitivity training,maritalandfamily therapies,(ody work,and

the eistential psychotherapyof >edard oss!"2#

Empathy and self-help[edit]

Empathyis one of the most important aspects of humanistic therapy! 9his idea focuses on the

therapistIs a(ility to see the world through the eyes of the client! Without this, therapists can (e forced

to apply an eternal frame of reference where the therapist is no longer understanding the actions and

thoughts of the client as the client would, (ut strictly as a therapist which defeats the purpose of

humanistic therapy! &ncluded in empathi%ing, unconditional positive regard is one of the key elements

of humanistic psychology! .nconditional positive regard refers to the care that the therapist needs to
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-clay_history-35http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_needshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_needshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_needshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person-centered_psychotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person-centered_psychotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-clay_history-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-clay_history-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_psychotherapieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encounter_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encounter_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_counselinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_counselinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodywork_(alternative_medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodywork_(alternative_medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodywork_(alternative_medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_psychotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_psychotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medard_Bosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-actualizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-clay_history-35http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_needshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchy_of_needshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person-centered_psychotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-clay_history-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_psychotherapieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_philosophyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depth_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_healthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encounter_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitivity_traininghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_counselinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_therapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodywork_(alternative_medicine)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_psychotherapyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medard_Bosshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=7


7/13

have for the client! 9his ensures that the therapist does not (ecome the authority figure in the

relationship allowing for a more open flow of information as well as a kinder relationship (etween the

two! therapist practicing humanistic therapy needs to show a willingness to listen and ensure the

comfort of the patient where genuine feelings may (e shared (ut are not forced upon someone!

"#>arshall $osen(erg, one of 5arl $ogers' students, emphasi%es empathy in the relationship in his

concept of+onviolent 5ommunication!

Self-helpis also part of humanistic psychologyB Sheila 4rnst and Ducy Coodisonhave descri(ed using

some of the main humanistic approaches in self-help groups!":#"citation needed#5o-counselling,which is an

approach (ased purely on self-help, is regarded as coming from humanistic psychology as well!

";#Humanistic theory has had a strong influence on other forms of popular therapy, includingHarvey

@ackins'$e-evaluation 5ounsellingand the work of5arl $ogers, including his student 4ugene

Cendlin see Focusing3!

The ideal Self[edit]

9he ideal self and real self involve understanding the issues that arise from having an idea of what you

wish you were as a person, and having that not match with who you actually are as a person

incongruence3! 9he ideal self is what a person (elieves should (e done, as well as what their core

values are! 9he real self is what is actually played out in life! 9hrough humanistic therapy, an

understanding of the present allows clients to add positive eperiences to their real self-concept! 9he

goal is to have the two concepts of self (ecome congruent! $ogers (elieved that only when a therapist

was a(le to (e congruent, a real relationship occurs in therapy! &t is much easier to trust someone who

is willing to share feelings openly, even if it may not (e what the client always wants this allows the

therapist to foster a strong relationship! "#

on-pathological[edit]

Humanistic psychology tends to look (eyond the medical model of psychology in order to open up a

nonpathologi%ing view of the person! "8#9his usually implies that the therapist downplays the

pathological aspects of a person's life in favour of the healthy aspects! Humanistic psychology tries to

(e a science of human eperience, focusing on the actual lived eperience of persons! "2# 9herefore, a

key ingredient is the actual meeting of therapist and client and the possi(ilities for dialogue to ensue

(etween them! 9he role of the therapist is to create an environment where the client can freely epress

any thoughts or feelings he does not suggest topics for conversation nor does he guide the

conversation in any way! 9he therapist also does not analy%e or interpret the clientIs (ehavior or any

information the client shares! 9he role of the therapist is to provide empathy and to listen attentively to

the client!"#
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Goodisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Goodisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-counsellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-counsellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-counsellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Jackinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Jackinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Jackinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re-evaluation_Counselinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Gendlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Gendlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focusinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-clay_history-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-clay_history-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolent_communicationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Goodisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Support_grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-counsellinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Jackinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvey_Jackinshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re-evaluation_Counselinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Gendlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene_Gendlinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focusinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humanistic_psychology&action=edit&section=9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-clay_history-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-aanstoos_et_al_history-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_note-Kramer-3


8/13

Humanistic psychology and social issues[edit]

While personal transformation may (e the primary focus of most humanistic psychologists, many now

investigate pressing social, cultural, and gender issues!"edard oss3, and the *uestion of evil $ollo >ayand5arl $ogers3!

@oanna >acyuses humanistic psychology to understand political issues!

&n =;


9/13

humanistic psychologists such as4dmund ourne"7:#and@oanna >acy"7;#continue to apply

psychological insights to social and political issues!

&n addition to its uses in thinking a(out social change, humanistic psychology is considered to (e the

main theoretical and methodological source of humanistic social work! "7


10/13

Say(rook .niversity

#eferences[edit]

! $ump up%)humanistic psychology n!) 1ictionary of /sychology! 4dited (y ndrew >!

5olman! 6ford .niversity /ress 200=! 6ford $eference 6nline! 6ford .niversity /ress! 28 >ay

200"#

2. K @ump up toBabcdefghanstoos, 5! Serlin, &!, L Creening, 9! 20003! History of

1ivision 2 Humanistic /sychology3 of the merican /sychological ssociation! &n 1! 1ews(ury

4d!3,'nification through division& Histories of the divisions of the American Psychological

Association, Gol! G! Washington, 15B merican /sychological ssociation!

3. K @ump up toBabcdefg?ramer! (ntroduction to linical Psychology )th !d!

/earson!&S+=;=! $ump up%ugental, @! =:73! 9he third force in psychology! @ournal of Humanistic

/sychology, 73, =-2:! doiB0!;;J0022:;


11/13

8! $ump up%/olkinghorne, 1! 4! ==3! $esearch methodology in humanistic psychology!

9he Humanistic /sychologist, 202-3, 2aslow, ! H! =:;3! theory of metamotivationB 9he (iological rooting of the

value-life! @ournal of Humanistic /sychology, ;23, =-2;! doiB0!;;J0022:;aslow, ! H! =:23! +otes on (eing-psychology! @ournal of Humanistic

/sychology, 223, 7;-;! doiB0!;;J0022:;aslow (usiness

reader pp! 2;;-! =:, 1ecem(er3! 6(Eectives outlined! /hoeniB +ewsletter of

the merican ssociation for Humanistic /sychology, 3, 2!

20! $ump up%H/ +ewsletter >ay =:: 3 p! 2 "ssociation for Humanistic /sychology

H/3#

2! $ump up%/olkinghorne, 1! =22! $ump up%Ciorgi, medeo200=3! The descriptive phenomenological method in

psychology& A modified Husserlian approach! /itts(urgh, /B 1u*uesne .niversity /ress!&S+

=;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Polkinghorne_Methodology.2C_1993_15-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-MetaMotivation_16-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-MetaMotivation_16-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Notes_17-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Notes_17-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Theory_Z_18-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Theory_Z_18-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Jourard_19-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Jourard_19-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-AAHP_1966_20-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-AAHP_1966_20-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Polkinghorne_1980_21-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Polkinghorne_1980_21-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Giorgi_2009_book_22-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Giorgi_2009_book_22-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedeo_Giorgihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedeo_Giorgihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820704180http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820704180http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820704180http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Bugental_Research_23-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Bugental_Research_23-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Polkinghorne_Methods_24-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Polkinghorne_Methods_24-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Stansfield_Chapter_25-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Stansfield_Chapter_25-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Giorgi_Nursing_27-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Giorgi_Nursing_27-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Taylor_28-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Taylor_28-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Polkinghorne_Methodology.2C_1993_15-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-MetaMotivation_16-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Notes_17-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Theory_Z_18-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Jourard_19-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-AAHP_1966_20-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Polkinghorne_1980_21-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Giorgi_2009_book_22-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amedeo_Giorgihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820704180http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780820704180http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Bugental_Research_23-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Polkinghorne_Methods_24-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Stansfield_Chapter_25-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Giorgi_Nursing_27-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-Taylor_28-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology#cite_ref-29


12/13

0! $ump up%Franco, N!, Friedman, H!, L rons, >! 200

7! $ump up%1rach, @ack >ay =ied $esultsB 5riti*ue of

H/'s 2-Hour /olitical /arty)!AHP $ewsletter, p! 7! $etrieved pril 2, 20!

72! $ump up%.nidentified author >ay =ay =anifesto)!AHP

$ewskletter, pp! 8-;! $etrieved pril 2, 20

77! $ump up%6'Hara, >! =


13/13

78! $ump up%Harman, Willis =

Humanistic Psychology CatStan

Documents

Transcript of Humanistic Psychology CatStan