HUMANISM

AdvocatesCaleb Gattegno• (1911–1988)• Scientists

Charles Curran• (1913–1978)• Psychologists

Carl Rogers• (1902-1987)• Psychotherapists

Abraham Maslow• (1908-1970)• Psychologists

ABRAHAM MASLOW

• (1908 - 1970)• An American psychologist.• He is considered to be the founder of humanistic psychology.• He developed the Hierarchy of Needs theory that remains

valid today for understanding human motivation, management training, and personal development.

‘’Human nature is basically good, not evil.Normal human development involves the actualization of this inherent goodness.’’

CARL ROGERS

• (1902 – 1987)• He was an influential American psychologist.• He is among the founders of the Humanistic

Approach.

‘’ We need genuineness, acceptance and empathy for us to grow.’’

Personality test

• You are alone in your home and here some problems you face;

1. Your phone is ringing.2. The baby is crying.3. There is someone knocking your door.4. It is raining and your clothes are still outside.5. The water is flowing out the sink.

• Which problems that you will solve first?• From your opinion, arrange the problems from

the most importance to the least.

So..let’s see.. What is the most important in your life?

• Answering phone= works• Baby= family• Open the door= friends• Clothes= money• Water= love

Humanism focuses on recognizing human

capabilities in areas such as creativity, personal

growth and choice.

1. Main concept: Human nature basically good

&noble.

2. Theory of hierarchical needs is basically the motivation

theory in humanistic psychology.

3.Main core: Theory of Self- Actualization

4. Education development should be

“pupil-centred”.

Key concept

Theories and Principles

Maslow’s Theory

‘’Human nature is basically good, not evil.Normal human development iinvolves the actualization of this inherent goodness.’’

MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

These include the most basic needs that are vital to survival, such as water, air

(oxygen), food, and sleep/rest.

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

It iincludes a desire for steady employment, health care, safe

neighborhoods, and shelter from the environment.

It involves emotionally-based relationships in general, such as friendship, intimacy, acceptance.

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

It includes the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth,

social recognition, and accomplishment.

PHYSIOLOGICAL OR SURVIVAL NEEDS

SAFETY NEEDS

LOVE, AFFECTION, AND BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

ESTEEM NEEDS

SELF-ACTUALIZATION

NEEDFOR

It is the instinctual need of humans to make the most of their abilities and to

strive to be the best they can.

Maslow’s Definition of a Self-actualized Person

has no mental illness, satisfied in basic needs, fully exploited talents, mmotivated by values.

Carl Roger’s theory

‘’ We need genuineness, acceptance and empathy for us to grow.’’

Carl Rogers’s Person-Centered Perspective

•Being open with your own feelings.•Being transparent and self-disclosing.

Genuineness

•Accepting yourself or others completely regardless of circumstances. Acceptance

•Listening, sharing, understanding and mirroring feelings and reflecting their meanings.

Empathy

Self-Concept

• All of thoughts and feelings about ourselves.• Both Rogers and Maslow believed that your self-concept is at

the center of your personality.• If our self concept is positive; we tend to act and perceive the

world positively. • If our self-concept is negative; we fall short of our ‘’ideal self’’

and feel dissatisfied and unhappy.• Two primary sources that influence our self-concept are

childhood experiences and evaluation by others.

The self-concept includes three components

Self worth: What we think about

ourselves.

Self image: How we see ourselves. It

includes the influence of our body image on

inner personality.

Ideal self: The person who we

would like to be. It includes our goals

and ambitions.

A person with low self-worth

A person with high self-worth

He avoids challenges in life, doesn’t accept that life can be painful and unhappy at times, and will be defensive and guarded by other people.

S/he has confidence and positive feelings about him or herself, faces challenges in life, accepts failures and unhappiness at times, and is open with people.

Implication of Humanistic Approach

NEEDS IMPLICATION OF TEACHING-LEARNING

Physiological Ensure that students do not feel hungry, thirsty, sick or uncomfortable physically before T-L starts

Safety Ensure that students feel safe physically and psychologically in your class; create a non-threatening, risk-free environment

Belongingness and love Ensure that students feel loved, feel that they belong in your class and know they are accepted by peers and by the teacher

Self-esteem Boost students’ self-esteem through praise/positive reinforcement, applause, and opportunities to succeed

Need to know and understand

There is a natural tendency in human beings to try to understand and know the world; provide opportunities to explore and find out; impart knowledge and skills so that they are able to learn

Aesthetic needs

There is a natural desire to experience beauty and find ways to create symmetry and completeness – provides opportunities for expression of these

Self-actualization

Allow or provide students with the opportunity to develop their unique abilities and talents to the highest level possible

When all the deficiency needs are satisfied, students will be able to focus on achieving the growth needs:

THE TEACHER’S ROLETHE TEACHER’S ROLE

Focus to the student, not the subject taught only

Treat students as human beings before treating them as students

Take into consideration student individual differences

Wherever possible, give students the opportunity to choose the assignment / learning activity they prefer

Help students to set realistic targets

Always be a role model to students

The teacher should:

Involve students in group activities to enhance social and emotional development

Praise students for good behavior

Adapt the contents of the lesson to the students’ level of development

Motivate students to learn

Make an effort to establish warm and respectful teacher-student relationship

Believe that all students can learn if they are given enough time and guidance

Thank You..