Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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Transcript of Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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7/23/2019 Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
1/17
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7/23/2019 Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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Wef Voatfg Ytntfs+ terjuhe tef Raitams jb Wrnbidaoh nog Rajkfoif
Prjtfitajo Nit jb 3000 %WRPN! nog jtefr stntutfs+ prjeacats nkk bjrms jb
eumno trnbidaoh ns wfkk ns mnoy jb tef nitavatafs tent surrjuog at+ suiens ijosintaoh jr wateejkgaoh n pfrsjos gjiumfots jr ijmmattaoh
brnug ao bjrifg-kncjr ijotrnitaoh/ Wejsf ijovaitfg jb kncjr trnbidaoh
bnif amprasjomfot rnohaoh brjm 6 tj 30 yfnrs bjr aovjkuotnry sfrvatugf+
bjrifg kncjr+ pfjonhf+ nog gjmfstai sfrvatugf/ Ao nhhrnvntfg iarium-
stnoifs jbbfogfrs bnif up tj kabf amprasjomfot/ Yfx- trnbidaoh jbbfogfrsbnif up tj kabf amprasjomfot wate n mnogntjry maoamum sfotfoif jb
>0 yfnrs bjr tef sfx trnbidaoh jb maojrs nog n maoamum sfotfoif jb >6
yfnrs bjr trnbidaoh n maojr uogfr tef nhf jb bjurtffo terjuhe bjrif+
brnug+ jr ijfriajo %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Ytntf+ 3000+ 30>>!/ Nktejuhe V/Y/
b d k g k e
Oj jof as rnagaoh n bnitjry kjjdaoh bjr trnbidaoh vaitams4
tefy nrf kjjdaoh bjr akkfhnk ammahrnots/
YV\NOOF C/ YFKW\FS+ PNSWOFS NW DKNYDJ SVKJO YWJID " YFKW\FS+ KKP
IENPWFS >
Voatfg Ytntfs
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>7 X J S D R A Y N K J J P E J K F Y B J S W S N B B A I D F S Y
prjhrnms+ pnrtaiuknrky tef E-3C vasn/ Lust kadf tef E->C nog E-3N vasn
prjhrnms+ tef E-3C vasn as fmpkjyfr- spfiai %vasn ejkgfrs suggfoky cf-
ijmf akkfhnk ab tefy oj kjohfr wjrd bjr tef fmpkjyfr agfotafg jo tefar
vasn nppkaintajos!+ cut bjr yfnrs at wns tef knid jb rfhukntajos nog fobjrif-
mfot jb tef E-3C vasn prjhrnm tent kfbt tefsf vasn ejkgfrs tef mjst
vukofrnckf/
WEF VOAWFG YWNWFY NY N GFYWAONWAJO
Wef Voatfg Ytntfs as jof jb tef tjp tfo gfstaontajos bjr eumno trnbid-
aoh+ wate tfos jb tejusnogs jb pfjpkf crjuhet aotj tef ijuotry fnie
yfnr/ Votak rfifotky fxpfrts cfkafvfg tent sfx trnbidaoh niijuotfg bjr
mjst jb tef vaitams4 tjgny+ ejwfvfr+ mjrf bjrfahofrs nrf bjuog ao kncjr
trnbidaoh/ Bjr aostnoif+ jb tef trnbidaoh vaitams ifrtafg cy tef Gf-
pnrtmfot jb Efnkte nog Eumno Yfrvaifs %EEY! ao 3001+ 53 pfrifot jb
bjrfaho ngukts nog 62 pfrifot jb bjrfaho ieakgrfo wfrf kncjr trnbidaohvaitams/> Jb tef bjrfaho trnbidaoh vaitams agfotafg ao 30>0+ 66 pfrifot
jb tef ngukts %80 pfrifot mfo nog 90 pfrifot wjmfo! nog 23 pfrifot jb
tef ieakgrfo %60 pfrifot cjys nog 60 pfrifot harks! wfrf bjrifg-kncjr vai-
tams %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Ytntf+ 30>0+ 30>>!/
Wef aoirfnsf ao agfotafg bjrifg-kncjr vaitams ens rfsuktfg ao no ao-irfnsf ao agfotafg mnkf trnbidaoh vaitams/ Ao 3005+ mfo mngf up 76
pfrifot jb tef 352 ngukts ifrtafg cy EEY/ Weas wns n >6 pfrifot aoirfnsf
jvfr tejsf ifrtafg guraoh 3008 nog n 91 pfrifot aoirfnsf saoif 3002
%V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Ytntf+ 3001i!/ Ao 3001+ 65 pfrifot jb tef 38> kncjr
b d % b ! e
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V O A W F G Y W N W F Y >6
Ytntfs/ Went snag+ tef ifrtaintajo cy EEY havfs us n hkampsf jb sjmf pjs-
sacakatafs/ Bjr aostnoif+ tef 352 bjrfaho ngukts ifrtafg cy EEY ao 3005
wfrf pramnraky brjm Mfxaij %39 pfrifot!+ Wenaknog %>1/6 pfrifot!+ tef
Peakappaofs %>2 pfrifot!+ Djrfn %7 pfrifot!+ nog Ieaon %3/8 pfrifot! %V/Y/
Gfpnrtmfot jb Ytntf+ 3001i!/ Wef Voatfg Ytntfs as nksj tef mjst brfqufot
gfstaontajo bjr vaitams trnbidfg brjm Kntao Nmfrain nog tef In rac-cfno+ nog jof jb tef tjp terff gfstaontajos bjr pfrsjos trnbidfg brjm
Nsan %jtefr teno jtefr Nsano ontajos!/ Wef pramnry ijuotrafs jb jrahao
bjr agfotafg bjrfaho vaitams ao 30>0 wfrf tef Gjmaoaino Sfpuckai+ Fk
Ynkvngjr+ Enata+ Ejogurns+ Aogan+ Mfxaij+ tef Peakappaofs+ nog Wenaknog
%V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Ytntf+ 30>>!/
Kncjr trnbidaoh jiiurs pramnraky ao gjmfstai nog bjjg nog inrf
sfrvaifs+ hnrmfot+ nog nhraiukturnk sfitjrs %Cnkfs ft nk/+ 3007+ pp/ >+ >7!/
Jof suie insf as tent jb no Fhyptano hark+ Cfoou+ wej wns bjrifg aotj
gjmfstai kncjr ao Arvaof+ Inkabjroan/ Ao >111 Cfoous sastfr Fsef wns
wjrdaoh bjr Ncgfk Onssfr Fag Qjussfb Acrneam nog Nmnk Nemfg Fwas-
ncg Mjtfkac wefo tef ijupkf niiusfg Fsef jb tefbt/ Ao fxienohf bjr ojthjaoh tj tef nutejratafs+ tef ijupkf gfmnogfg tef kncjr jb Cfoou+ nog
rfquarfg efr pnrfots tj pny tefm rjuheky 90 gjkknrs n mjote bjr >0
yfnrs/ Cfoou nog Fsefs pnrfots nhrffg tj tef uktamntum+ bjriaoh Cfoou
aotj gjmfstai sfrvatugf/ Xefo >0-yfnr-jkg Cfoou nrravfg ao tef Voatfg
Ytntfs ao 3000+ tef ijupkf ijosintfg efr pnsspjrt/ Bjr twj yfnrs Cfoouwjrdfg ns n ejusfdffpfr bjr tef bnmaky nog ns n onooy tj tef ijupkfs
vf ieakgrfo/ Guraoh tent tamf sef gag ojt rfifavf pny jr fguintajo nog
bnifg peysaink nog vfrcnk ncusf ns wfkk ns terfnts jb gfpjrtntajo/ Wef
ijupkf tjkg efr tent efr bnmaky wjukg rflfit efr ab sef wns gfpjrtfg nog
g e % g ! 3
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>2 X J S D R A Y N K J J P E J K F Y B J S W S N B B A I D F S Y
tefy hjt efrf+ tefar pnsspjrts wfrf tndfo nwny+ nog tefy wfrf efkg ao
bjrifg sfrvatugf wjrdaoh jo tefsf bnrms/ Wef ijmpknaot nksj nkkfhfg
tent tef gfbfognots usfg bnksf prjmasfs jb eahe-pnyaoh ljcs tj aoguif
tef wjrdfrs tj aoiur fxifssavf gfct/ Ao jrgfr tj sfiurf ljcs ao tef Voatfg
Ytntfs+ tef wjrdfrs pnag rfiruatmfot bffs jb up tj '3>+000/ Mnoy wfrf
foijurnhfg tj mjrthnhf tefar ejmfs jr bnrms tj mndf tef pnymfot/ Aotef jkg gnys+ Yamjo snag+ tefy usfg tj dffp sknvfs ao pknif usaoh ienaos
nog weaps/ Wefsf gnys+ ats gjof terjuhe fijojmai aotamagntajo %Dfrr+
30>0!/ Wef hjvfromfot suggfoky gasmassfg tef iramaonk ienrhfs nhnaost
tef gfbfognots ao Luky 30>3+ cut tef V/Y/ Fqunk Fmpkjymfot Jppjrtu-
oaty Ijmmassajo as pursuaoh iavak katahntajo nhnaost Hkjcnk Ejrazjos
Mnopjwfr ns wfkk ns sax bnrms wefrf tef wjrdfrs nkkfhfgky bnifg gas-
iramaontajo nog gfpkjrnckf wjrdaoh ijogatajos %Kao+ 30>3!/
Wef Ifotrnk Aotfkkahfoif Nhfoiy %IAN! fstamntfs tent 60+000 wjmfo
nog ieakgrfo nrf trnbidfg fnie yfnr terjuhejut tef Voatfg Ytntfs bjr
ijmmfriank sfxunk fxpkjatntajo/ Weas intfhjry ijvfrs n vnrafty jb bjrms+
aoikugaoh bjrifg prjstatutajo+ sfx sejws+ strappaoh+ nog pjrojhrnpey%Dnasfr+ 3006+ p/ >N!/ Knid jb rfhukntajo wateao tef V/Y/ sfx aogustry fx-
nifrcntfs tef prjckfm/ Nktejuhe prjstatutajo as akkfhnk fxifpt ao tef stntf
jb Ofvngn+ tef snkf jb pjrojhrnpey %nsagf brjm ieakg pjrojhrnpey! nog
tef jpfrntajo jb strap ikucs nrf kfhnk cut knrhfky uorfhukntfg/ Ytrap ikucs+
weaie nrf usunkky zjofg ao ifrtnao nrfns+ nrf jbtfo usfg ns n brjot bjrprjstatutajo/ Pjrojhrnpey+ weaie as ijostatutajonkky prjtfitfg uogfr
tef Barst Nmfogmfot+ as pfrvnsavf ao tef Voatfg Ytntfs+ wate Nmfra-
inos spfogaoh rjuheky '>0 cakkajo n yfnr jo ngukt fotfrtnaomfot/ Pjr-
ojhrnpey as kaodfg tj sjmf jb tef cahhfst V/Y/ ijrpjrntajos4 Wamf Xnr-
k g b kk b g kk
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V O A W F G Y W N W F Y >8
Voatfg Ytntfs+ tef trnbidfrs rnpfg tef wjmfo nog harks+ ijosintfg
tefar trnvfk gjiumfots+ nog bjrifg tefm tj prjstatutf/ Hunrgs prfvfotfg
tefm brjm kfnvaoh tef crjtefks+ nog ab tef vaitams trafg tj fsinpf tefy
bnifg sfvfrf peysaink puoasemfot ns wfkk ns terfnts jb gfpjrtntajo/ Wef
wjmfo nkkfhfgky fnrofg '9 pfr traid cut ofvfr rfifavfg tef mjofy/ Ao-
stfng+ tef trnbidfrs tjkg tef wjmfo tef fnroaohs wjukg hj tjwnrg tef'3+000-pfr-pfrsjo trnospjrtntajo bff/ Wj put sjmf pfrspfitavf jo tef
satuntajo+ ao jrgfr tj pny jbb efr gfct+ fnie wjmno wjukg offg tj
envf sfx wate nrjuog 228 mfo/ Wef trnbidfrs nksj ienrhfg tef wjmfo
bjr rjjm nog cjnrg nog jtefr masifkknofjus bffs %JNY*PNEJ+ 300>!/
Wef usf jb bffs tj irfntf gfct cjognhf as nksj nppnrfot ao no Ntknotn
insf ao weaie Nsano wjmfo nog harks cftwffo tef nhfs jb >9 nog 36
wfrf trnbidfg tj tef Voatfg Ytntfs nog bjrifg tj prjstatutf uotak tefy
pnag jbb gfcts jb cftwffo '90+000 nog '70+000 pfr pfrsjo/ Ijogatajos
ao tef cjrgfkkjs rfsfmckfg tejsf ao n prasjo+ wate hunrgs+ cnrcfg- warf
bfoifs+ nog gjhs %Saienrg+ 3000+ p/ 3>!/
Wef knwkfssofss nog eahe gfmnog bjr iefnp kncjr tent tfogs tj ni-ijmpnoy tef nbtfrmnte jb onturnk gasnstfrs ino irfntf no ntmjspefrf
rapf bjr eumno trnbidaoh/ Wrnbidaoh ao Ofw Jrkfnos nog jtefr nrfns
gfvnstntfg cy Eurrainofs Dntraon nog Satn cfhno sejrtky nbtfr tef stjrms/
Wj gntf+ nt kfnst oaof knrhf insfs jb fxpkjatntajo ao tef Hukb Ijnst rfhajo
envf cffo gjiumfotfg tent mny cf iknssanckf ns bjrifg kncjr/ Wef insfsaovjkvf mjrf teno 9+835 nkkfhfg vaitams brjm Cjkavan+ Crnzak+ tef Gj-
maoaino Sfpuckai+ Ejogurns+ Aogan+ Mfxaij+ Pnonmn+ Pfru+ tef Peakap-
paofs+ nog Wenaknog/
Jof suie fxnmpkf as tent jb Wena ontajonks trnbidfg tj Ofw Jrkfnos
b e b g d g k
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>5 X J S D R A Y N K J J P E J K F Y B J S W S N B B A I D F S Y
wfrf prjmasfg kfhnk vasns nog terff yfnrs jb fmpkjymfot nt '5/37 pfr
ejur/ Fnie pnag jvfr '>>+000 ao bffs sampky tj sfiurf fmpkjymfot
%Nsnojd ft nk/+ 3008!/ Ao jrgfr tj pny tef fmpkjymfot bff+ snys Ljeo-
sjo+ vaitams wfrf stffrfg tjwnrg kfogfrs wej wfrf ao kfnhuf wate tef
trnbidfrs/ Wj sfiurf tef kjno+ vaitams eng tj put up tefar knog nog
tent jb bnmaky mfmcfrs/ Dffp ao maog tent raif bnrmfrs ao ojrtefnstWenaknog typainkky mndf kfss teno '600 n yfnr/ Fssfotankky+ tefrf as oj
wny tent tef wjrdfrs ijukg pny cnid tef kjnos jo tefar typaink snknry ao
Wenaknog/ Joif tef vaitams wfrf subiafotky ao gfct+ Makkajo Fxprfss
Mnopjwfr wns snbfky ao tef pjwfr pjsatajo jof tent at fnhfrky eahe-
kahetfg tj pjtfotank fmpkjyfrs/ Ran wjrg jb mjute+ TMakkajo Fxprfss]
Mnopjwfr+ Aoi/+ cfhno tj patie ats kncjr bjrif ns mjrf aoikaofg tj wjrd
enrg cfinusf tefy wfrf sj bnr ao gfct+ Ljeosjo snag/
Ao Nuhust 3006 tef trnbidfrs crjuhet tef vaitams tj tef Voatfg
Ytntfs wate tfmpjrnry E-3N vasns/ Vpjo nrravnk+ nrmfg hunrgs ijos-
intfg tef vaitams rfturo taidfts+ vasns+ nog pnsspjrts/ Wef vaitams spfot
tef rst mjote pramnraky wjrdaoh jo Ejwfkk Bnrms+ Aoi/ ao Ojrte Inrj-kaon cfbjrf tefy wfrf tndfo tj pfrbjrm gf mjkatajo jo Dntraon-rnvnhfg
cuakgaohs ao Ofw Jrkfnos %Nsnojd ft nk/+ 3008!/ Jof aogaian jb trnbid-
aoh as tent tef vaitams nrf mjvfg brjm pknif tj pknif+ sj tent tefy nrf
dfpt ao gasjrafotntajo+ Ljeosjo snag/ Wefy wfrf mjvfg nrjuog wateao
Ofw Jrkfnos4 fnie pknif wns wjrsf teno tef prfvajus/ Wefy wfrf ejusfgao tef cuakgaohs tent tefy wfrf gfmjkaseaoh/ Wef Inpra Ejtfk wns tef
onk+ nog tef wjrst+ stjp/ Xeakf ao Ofw Jrkfnos+ tef vaitams wfrf ojt
pnag nog wfrf ikjsfky supfrvasfg cy no nrmfg hunrg tj fosurf tent tefy
gag ojt try tj fsinpf/ Wef snmf hunrg ienrhfg tef vaitams bjr puriensaoh
e b g c e e d c e % d k
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V O A W F G Y W N W F Y >1
Ljeosjo cfkafvfs tent tef pjst-Dntraon sfttaoh+ ao weaie ojrmnk
ijmmuoaty oftwjrds eng cffo ijmprjmasfg nog tef pjpukntajo wns
ao ffiux+ irfntfg agfnk trnbidaoh ijogatajos/ Gfvnstntajo brjm n onturnk
gasnstfr+ Ljeosjo snys+ irfntfs n suggfo eahe gfmnog bjr kjw-wnhf nog
knrhfky uosdakkfg kncjr/ Gasruptajo jb tef trngatajonk kncjr suppky kfnvfs
rjjm bjr akkaiat ijotrnitjrs tj mjvf ao+ nog ofw wjrdfrs ino cf crjuhetao uoojtaifg/ Nggatajonkky+ knw fobjrifmfot pfrsjoofk nrf jvfrfxtfogfg
nog gj ojt envf tef rfsjurifs tj mjoatjr n trnbidaoh sifonraj/
Jo Yfptfmcfr 6+ 3006+ tef Jiiupntajonk Ynbfty nog Efnkte Ngmao-
astrntajo jb tef V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr tfmpjrnraky suspfogfg tef
fobjrifmfot jb ljc snbfty nog efnkte stnognrgs ao eurrainof- ampnitfg
ijuotafs nog pnrasefs ao Bkjragn+ Nkncnmn+ Massassappa+ nog Kjuasanon/
Nbrmntavf-nitajo rfquarfmfots wfrf nksj suspfogfg/ Xateao tef ofxt
sfvfrnk gnys+ tef Gfpnrtmfot jb Ejmfknog Yfiuraty %GEY! suspfogfg
bjr 76 gnys tef rfquarfmfot tent fmpkjyfrs ijorm fmpkjyff fkahacak-
aty nog agfotaty+ nog tefo-prfsagfot Cuse tfmpjrnraky suspfogfg tef
Gnvas-Cnijo Nit+ kabtaoh wnhf rfstraitajos bjr ofnrky 3 mjotes/ Vogfrtef nit+ ijostruitajo wjrdfrs nrf hunrnotffg tef prfvnakaoh kjink wnhf
wefo pnag wate bfgfrnk mjofy %Gjontj " Endamzngfe+ 3001!/ Wefsf
ienohfs+ aotfogfg tj spffg rfijvfry ao tef gasnstfr- rnvnhfg rfhajo+ nksj
jpfofg tef ffijjghntfs bjr wjrdfr fxpkjatntajo nog eumno trnbidaoh/
Bjr aostnoif+ tef oumcfr jb Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr aovfstahntajos ao Ofw
Jrkfnos grjppfg brjm 80 ao tef yfnr prajr tj Dntraon tj 77 ao tef yfnr
nbtfrn 98 pfrifot gfirfnsf/ Wef Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr as tef bfgfrnk
ijp jo tef wjrdpknif snbfty+ wnhfs+ nog ejurs cfnt+ Ijohrfssmno
Gfooas Duiaoaie snag/ Xefrf wns Yefrabb Kncjr guraoh tef fnrky mjotes
b e : % b !
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30 X J S D R A Y N K J J P E J K F Y B J S W S N B B A I D F S Y
3006 nkjof+ fmpkjyfrs crjuhet ao >3>+000 hufstwjrdfrs uogfr tef E-3
prjhrnm %Cnufr+ 3008+ p/ >4 V/Y/ Ejusf jb Sfprfsfotntavfs+ 3005!/ Xent
stnogs jut ao tef gntn wf ijkkfitfg nrf tef eahe oumcfr jb nkkfhfg trnb-
idfg pfrsjos ao tef Hukb Ijnst wej wfrf E-3C vasn ejkgfrs+ wej+ ns
wf envf sffo+ nrf pnrtaiuknrky vukofrnckf tj fmpkjyfr fxpkjatntajo nog
ncusf/Ao 3006+ tef yfnr tef Hukb Ijnst rfhajo wns gfvnstntfg cy Eurrainofs
Dntraon nog Satn+ oj hjvfromfot nhfoiy iknamfg jwofrseap jb tef E-3C
prjhrnm/ Wef Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr stntfg tefy eng kattkf tj oj nutejraty
tj nit jo cfenkb jb E-3C vasn ejkgfrs/ Nktejuhe stntutfs fxastfg tj prj-
tfit E-3N vasn ejkgfrs+ tefrf wns oj samaknr prjtfitajo bjr ojonhraiuk-
turnk hufstwjrdfrs/ Wef E-3N prjhrnm hrnots wjrdfrs brff ejusaoh+ ni-
ifss tj kfhnk sfrvaifs+ fmpkjymfot bjr nt kfnst terff-bjurtes jb tef tjtnk
ejurs prjmasfg ao eas jr efr ijotrnit %teas as inkkfg tef terff-qunrtfrs
hunrnotff!+ ijmpfosntajo bjr mfgaink ijsts nog pfrmnofot aolury+ ns
wfkk ns vnrajus jtefr cfofts %V/Y/ Ejusf jb Sfprfsfotntavfs+ 3008!/ Ao
ijotrnst+ wnhf prjtfitajo prjvagfg tj E-3C vasn ejkgfrs wns sdfkftnk ntcfst/ Fmpkjyfrs utakazaoh tef E-3C prjhrnm wfrf jckahntfg tj jbbfr bukk-
tamf fmpkjymfot tent nt maoamum pnag tef prfvnakaoh wnhf rntf+ cut
cfinusf tef E-3C vasn wns fstnckasefg van n >117 Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr
ngmaoastrntavf garfitavf aostfng jb terjuhe stntutjry rfhukntajo+ tef
Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr iknamfg tj knid tef kfhnk nutejraty tj fobjrif ats
rfquarfmfots %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr+ >1174 V/Y/ Ejusf jb Sfprfsfotn-
tavfs+ 3008!/
Ijohrfss fxnifrcntfg tef prjckfm wefo ao 3006 at vfstfg tef Gf-
pnrtmfot jb Ejmfknog Yfiuraty wate fobjrifmfot nutejraty jvfr tef
k e b c e g e
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WNCKF >/>Nkkfhfg Hukb Ijnst Bjrifg-Kncjr Wrnbidaoh Insfs
Insf
Fstamntfjbpjtfotankvaitams
Ijuotry jbjrahao Rasn
Nkkfhfg ijogatajos bnifgcy wjrdfrs
Gnvag ft nk/ v/
YahonkAotfrontajonk+KKI ft nk/
600660 Aogan E-3C Bnksf prjmasfs4 fxjrcatnot b
nog pnyrjkk gfguitajos bjr rcjnrg+ nog wjrd-rfkntfg tjjwateefkg gjiumfots4 survfkncjr inmps4 terfnt jbgfpjrtntajo4 terfnt jb enrmgftnaomfot4 nrmfg hunrgs4uopnag wnhfs
Nsnojd ft nk/ v/Makkajo FxprfssMnopjwfr+ Aoi/ft nk/
90 Wenaknog E-3N Bnksf prjmasfs4 fxjrcatnot buopnag wnhfs4 wateefkggjiumfots4 terfnt jbgfpjrtntajo4 mjoatjrfgwjrdfrs mjvfmfots4ijogfmofg ejusaoh4
ijotnmaontfg wntfr4 oj bjjnrmfg hunrg%s!
GnoafkInstfkknojs-Ijotrfrns ft nk/v/ Gfintur
Ejtfks+ KKI ft nk/
900 Pfru+Cjkavan+GjmaoainoSfpuckai
E-3C Bnksf prjmasfs4 fxjrcatnot buopnag wnhfs4 rftnkantjry fvaitajo4 pjsatajo jb gfctpfjonhf guf tj eahe bffs n
kjw wnhfs
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7/23/2019 Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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WNCKF >/> %ijotaoufg!
Insf
Fstamntfjbpjtfotankvaitams
Ijuotry jbjrahao Rasn
Nkkfhfg ijogatajos bnifg cywjrdfrs
Ynuifgj ft nk/ v/Bavf YtnrIjotrnitjrs+ KKIft nk/
3+900 Crnzak E-3C Bnksf prjmasfs4 fxjrcatnot bterfnt jb gfpjrtntajo4 survfkncjr inmp4 rfquarfg tjpuriensf wjrd tjjks4 uopnagwnhfs
Brfga Hnrianft nk/ v/NugucjoIjmmuoatafsMnonhfmfot+KKI ft nk/
>9 Ejogurns Vogjiumfotfg Bnksf prjmasfs4 uopnag wnhterfnt jb fvaitajo noggfpjrtntajo4 fvaitajo
Asrnfk
Notjoaj-Mjrnkfsft nk/ v/ CamcjsCfst Prjguif
73>>5g Mfxaij E-3N Werfnts jb nrrfst+ fvaitajo+ n
gfpjrtntajo4 vfrcnk ncusf4 nkfnst jof aostnoif jb peysaincusf4 usf jb wfnpjo tjaotamagntf wjrdfrs4 enrmbujbbfosavf ijotnit watepfstaiagfs4 wateefkggjiumfots4 uopnag wnhfs
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7/23/2019 Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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Kjuasanon Kncjr+
KKI %Mntt Sfgg!
>90 Mfxaij E-3C Bnksf prjmasfs4 wateefkg
pnsspjrts4 gfpkjrnckf kavaohijogatajos4 fxjrcatnot ejusijsts tndfo jut jb wnhfs
MnaraOuonh-Wnfgjft nk/ v/ FnstCntjo Sjuhf
Pnrase YiejjkCjnrg ft nk/
92> Peakappaofs E->C Fxjrcatnot bffs wate niiruaoaotfrfst rntfs4 ijotrjkkfg nowateefkg vasn nog sjiank sfigjiumfots4 terfnt jb
gfpjrtntajo ab tefy trafg tjmjvf jut jb nrrnohfg eaheejusaoh
Aovfstahntajo cytef Pnonmnoanohjvfromfotf
63 Pnonmn Vodojwo Vodojwo
nRaitams jb Wrnbidaoh nog Rajkfoif Prjtfitajo Nit jb 3000/cSnidftffr Aoffiufoifg nog Ijrrupt Jrhnoazntajos Nit %>180!/iBnar Kncjr Ytnognrgs Nit jb >195/gWearty-sfvfo pfrsjos wfrf crjuhet brjm Mfxaij tj wjrd nt Camcjs ao 3006*3002+ npprjxamntfky 91 ao 3002*3008+ n
ejw mnoy jb tef wjrdfrs inmf cnid noounkky/fV/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Ytntf+ 3001i/
Yjurifs< Aotfrvafws nog ijrrfspjogfoif wate Mnry Cnufr+ Kjra Ljeosjo+ Lnijc Ejrwatz+ Gno Xfrofr+ Ytniaf Ljons+ Sjc
Ijpyrahetfg Mntfrank
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7/23/2019 Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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37 X J S D R A Y N K J J P E J K F Y B J S W S N B B A I D F S Y
vajkntajos jb tef Bfgfrnk Kncjr Ytnognrgs Nit nog tef Gnvas-Cnijo Nit
%V/Y/ Ejusf jb Sfprfsfotntavfs+ 3008!/
Bjrtuontfky+ ao kntf 3005+ gasiussajos cftwffo tef Gfpnrtmfot jb
Ejmfknog Yfiuraty nog tef Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr rfsuktfg ao no nhrff-
mfot tent tef Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr sejukg cf gfkfhntfg E-3C fobjrif-
mfot nutejraty/ Oumfrjus nmfogmfots tj tef Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjrrfhukntajos upgntfg tef prjifgurfs bjr assuaoh kncjr ifrtaintajo tj
fmpkjyfrs spjosjraoh E-3C hufstwjrdfrs %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr+
3005+ 3001c!/ Wef nmfogmfots+ uokadf tef >117 ngmaoastrntavf garfi-
tavf+ fxprfssky prjeacat fmpkjyfrs brjm pnssaoh jotj bjrfaho wjrdfrs
tef ijst jb nttjrofy jr nhfot bffs+ tef E-3C nppkaintajo+ jr rfiruatmfot
nssjiantfg wate jctnaoaoh kncjr ifrtaintajo/ Wef Bfgfrnk Sfhastfr Sukfs
nog Sfhukntajos stntf tent tefsf nrf cusaofss fxpfosfs nssjiantfg wate
nagaoh tef fmpkjyfr tj ijmpkftf tef kncjr ifrtaintajo nppkaintajo nog
kncjr mnrdft tfst< Wef fmpkjyfrs rfspjosacakaty tj pny tefsf ijsts fxasts
sfpnrntf nog npnrt brjm noy cfoft tent mny niiruf tj tef bjrfaho
wjrdfr %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr+ 3005+ p/ 85+091!/
WSNBBAIDAOH XAWEAO WEF VOAWFG YWNWFY
Yfx trnbidaoh as tef mjst ijmmjo bjrm jb eumno trnbidaoh agfota-
fg nmjoh V/Y/ iatazfos/ Nktejuhe EEY agfotafg mjrf teno >+000 ao-
tfronk trnbidaoh vaitams ao 3001+ at as fxtrfmfky gabiukt tj dojw ejw
mnoy pfrsjos teas bjrm jb trnbidaoh nitunkky nbbfits %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot
jb Ytntf+ 30>0!/ Weas uoifrtnaoty rfffifits cjte tef eaggfo onturf jb tef
g e e g e k g k g
Ijpyrahetfg Mntfrank
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7/23/2019 Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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V O A W F G Y W N W F Y 36
Wef Ieakg Kncjr Ij nkatajo fstamntfs tent 6/6 makkajo V/Y/ yjutes
cftwffo nhfs >3 nog >8 nrf fmpkjyfg/ Weas oumcfr gjfs ojt aoikugf ak-
kfhnk fmpkjymfot suie ns tef usf jb V/Y/ ieakgrfo ao swfntsejps %Iknw-
sjo ft nk/+ 3001+ p/ 2!/ Ao 3005 tef Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr bjuog 7+897
maojrs akkfhnkky fmpkjyfg/ Bjrty- jof pfrifot jb iatfg ieakg kncjr vajkn-
tajos aoikugfg ieakgrfo wjrdaoh uogfr enznrgjus ijogatajos+ ao enz-nrgjus fovarjomfots+ nog*jr usaoh prjeacatfg fquapmfot/ Jtefr ieakg
kncjr vajkntajos aovjkvfg ieakgrfo uogfr tef nhf jb >2 wjrdaoh tjj kntf+
tjj fnrky+ jr bjr tjj mnoy ejurs %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr+ 3001n!/ Hrj-
ifry stjrfs+ sejppaoh mnkks+ rfstnurnots+ nog tefntfrs+ wefrf ieakgrfo nrf
jbtfo fmpkjyfg+ envf eastjrainkky sejwo n eahe kfvfk jb ojoijmpkanoif
wate ieakg kncjr knws/ Ieakgrfo ao nhraiukturnk fmpkjymfot nrf nksj n
pnrtaiuknrky vukofrnckf pjpukntajo/ Ao 3001 tef Xnhf nog Ejur Gava-
sajo iatfg vf nhraiukturnk fmpkjyfrs bjr fmpkjyaoh ieakgrfo uogfr tef
kfhnk nhf jb fmpkjymfot tj pfrbjrm kncjr ao Ojrte Inrjkaon ckufcfrry
fkgs %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Kncjr+ 3001n!/ Wef Nssjiantajo jb Bnrmwjrdfr
Jppjrtuoaty Prjhrnms fstamntfs tent euogrfgs jb tejusnogs jb V/Y/ieakgrfo+ sjmf ns yjuoh ns oaof yfnrs jkg+ nrf mahrnot nog sfnsjonk
bnrmwjrdfrs %Efss+ 3008+ pp/ 3+ 2+ >>!/
Wefrf as n ijmmjo masijoifptajo nmjoh Nmfrainos tent eumno
trnbidaoh wateao tef Voatfg Ytntfs as no uogfrhrjuog aogustry wejsf
vaitams nog ncusfrs nrf fxikusavfky ammahrnots/ Wef stjry jb jof
>6-yfnr-jkg akkustrntfs tent V/Y/ iatazfos nog kfhnk rfsagfots ino nksj cf-
ijmf vaitams jb eumno trnbidaoh/ Ao Yfptfmcfr 3006 Ynrne rno
nwny brjm ejmf nog mft efr trnbidfrs+ Mnttefw Hrny %90 yfnrs jkg!
nog Lnoofkkf Cutkfr %3> yfnrs jkg!+ terjuhe n brafog/ Wefy tjjd Ynrne
e e d b e e e
Ijpyrahetfg Mntfrank
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7/23/2019 Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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32 X J S D R A Y N K J J P E J K F Y B J S W S N B B A I D F S Y
nog bnmaky mfmcfrs kavfg/ Nrazjon pjkaifmno Hrfh Yiefbbfr snys vai-
tams jbtfo gjot inkk tef pjkaif+ fvfo wefo havfo no jppjrtuoaty tj gj
sj+ bjr bfnr jb rfprasnks %Rakkn " Ijkkjm+ 3006c!/
Nbtfr rfifavaoh efr gnuhetfrs pejof inkk+ Ynrnes mjtefr inkkfg tef
pjkaif/ Wef jbifrs mngf rfpfnt vasats tj tef npnrtmfot wefrf Ynrne
wns efkg nog wfrf+ nt tamfs+ lust aoiefs nwny/ Nbtfr Cutkfr wns nrrfstfgjo tef knst vasat nog pknifg ao tef pntrjk inr+ sef aobjrmfg pjkaif tent
Ynrne wns eaggfo ao tef cjx spraoh/ Cutkfr fxprfssfg ijoifro tent
Ynrne mahet ruo jut jb jxyhfo ns sef nkmjst bnaotfg tef knst tamf sef
wns bjrifg tj eagf ao tef ijmpnrtmfot/ Aotfrfstaohky+ Cutkfr wns n vai-
tam jb samaknr iramfs nt nhf >8/ At sffms tent sef suclfitfg Ynrne tj tef
snmf strntfhy jb cfntaohs+ terfnts+ nog amprasjomfot tent sef fxpfra-
foifg/ Pejfoax pjkaif sfrhfnot Ieras Crny tjkg tefNrazjon Sfpuckaitent
Cutkfrs nitajos nrf ojt uoijmmjo ao vaitams jb ncusf+ spfiainkky
ieakg ncusf/ Ats daog jb n cnttfrfg-ieakg syogrjmf+ Crny snag/ At enp-
pfofg tj tefm/ Wefy entfg at/ Nog tefo tefy gj at tj sjmfjof fksf
%Rakkn " Ijkkjm+ 3006c!/
IEAKG YFU WJVSAYM
Ieakg sfx tjurasm as n bjrm jb fxpkjatntajo tent jbtfo tndfs pknif jbb V/Y/
sjak cut nt tef enogs jb V/Y/ iatazfos nog kfhnk rfsagfots/ Mnoy Xfstfro
mfo trnvfk tj Yjutefnst Nsan+ pnrtaiuknrky Wenaknog+ nog pny bjr sfx wate
ieakgrfo/ Wef eumnoatnrano jrhnoazntajo Xjrkg Rasajo+ weaie ijkkncj-
rntfs wate tef V/Y/ Ytntf Gfpnrtmfot+ EEY+ nog V/Y/ Ammahrntajo nog
b % ! e e kk e kg
Ijpyrahetfg Mntfrank
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7/23/2019 Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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V O A W F G Y W N W F Y 38
90 yfnrs amprasjomfot %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Lustaif+ 3002c!/ Nojtefr prj-
hrnm+ inkkfg Jpfrntajo Wwastfg Wrnvfkfr+ wns knuoiefg ao Bfcrunry 3001/
Wef prjhrnm as n ijkkncjrntavf fbbjrt cy AIF+ tef Gfpnrtmfot jb Lustaif+
nog knw-fobjrifmfot jbianks ao Inmcjgan tj agfotaby+ nrrfst+ nog prjs-
fiutf V/Y/ iatazfos nog kfhnk rfsagfots wej trnvfk tj Inmcjgan bjr ieakg-
sfx tjurasm %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Lustaif+ 3001!/Ns n rfsukt jb aobjrmntajo prjvagfg tj AIF cy tef Aotfrontajonk Lustaif
Massajo nog Nitajo pjur kfs Fobnots+ terff V/Y/ iatazfos wfrf aogaitfg
bjr nkkfhfg nits jb sfx tjurasm ao Yfptfmcfr 3001/ Lnid Kjuas Ypjraie %86
yfnrs jkg! nog Frad Kfjonrgus Pfftfrs %7> yfnrs jkg! wfrf fnie ienrhfg
wate terff ijuots jb envaoh sfxunk ijotnit wate terff Inmcjgano cjys+
weakf Sjonkg Hfrnrg Cjynlano %71 yfnrs jkg! wns aogaitfg jo jof ijuot
jb sfxunk ijotnit wate n >0- yfnr-jkg Raftonmfsf hark/ Ab tefy nrf bjuog
huakty tef mfo bnif up tj 90 yfnrs amprasjomfot bjr fnie ijuot jb sfx
tjurasm/ Sfpjrts sny tent Ypjraie wjukg gravf eas mjtjrcadf ao tef iaty
jb Yafm Sfnp+ tjssaoh Inmcjgano iurrfoiy ns n mfnos jb intieaoh tef
nttfotajo jb ieakgrfo %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Lustaif+ 3001!/
XENW ENPPFOY WJ RAIWAMY NBWFS WSNBBAIDAOH
Fvfo nbtfr rfsiuf jr fsinpf+ tef vaitam fxpfrafoif as bnr brjm jvfr/ Jof
ijoifro nmjoh sjiank sfrvaif prjvagfrs as tef knrhf oumcfr jb pfrsjos
wej nrf bjuog ao nhfot rnags+ nrrfstfg+ nog gfpjrtfg watejut n prjpfr
fvnkuntajo ns tj weftefr tefy nrf trnbidaoh vaitams/ Nksj+ aotfronk
vaitams nrf ojt typainkky tef bjius jb nota-trnbidaoh fbbjrts nog nrf
k g k b g g e g
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7/23/2019 Human Trafficking Around the World: Hidden in Plain Sight, by Stephanie Hepburn and Rita J. Simon
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35 X J S D R A Y N K J J P E J K F Y B J S W S N B B A I D F S Y
usf+ spfiai nota-trnbidaoh stntutfs/ Joky 1 stntfs jbbfr stntf puckai
cfofts tj trnbidaoh vaitams4 >5 stntfs pfrmat vaitams tj craoh iavak
knwsuats ao stntf ijurt4 >5 stntfs envf aostatutfg mnogntjry rfstatutajo4
nog 1 stntfs rfquarf tent vaitams onmfs nog*jr kjintajos cf dfpt ijo-
gfotank %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Ytntf+ 30>0!/
Wef Voatfg Ytntfs bnkks sejrt ao sfvfrnk nrfns wefo at ijmfs tj ng-grfssaoh tef pjst-trnbidaoh fxpfrafoif jb vaitams/ Wefsf nrfns aoikugf
tef uogfrutakazntajo jb V nog W vasns %gasiussfg cfkjw!+ tef prfssurf bjr
ngukt vaitams tj ijjpfrntf wate knw fobjrifmfot ao jrgfr tj jctnao sj-
iank sfrvaifs+ nog tef kfss-teno-ngfquntf rfkntajoseap cftwffo sjiank
sfrvaif prjvagfrs nog knw fobjrifmfot/ Wef Gfpnrtmfot jb Efnkte nog
Eumno Yfrvaifs as tef joky bfgfrnk nhfoiy nutejrazfg tj hrnot fkahacak-
aty kfttfrs tj maojrs nog ifrtaintajo tj ngukts wej nrf bjrfaho trnbid-
aoh vaitams/ Wef nhfoiy assufg fkahacakaty kfttfrs tj 60 bjrfaho maojrs
nog ifrtafg 990 bjrfaho ngukt vaitams ao 3001+ weaie as no aoirfnsf
brjm tef 9> bjrfaho maojrs nog 352 bjrfaho ngukt vaitams hrnotfg fkaha-
cakaty jr ifrtaintajo ao 3005 %EEY+ 30014 V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Ytntf+3001i+ 30>0!/ Ao 30>0 tef nhfoiy assufg 13 fkahacakaty kfttfrs tj bjrfaho
maojrs nog ifrtafg 771 bjrfaho ngukt vaitams %V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb
Ytntf+ 30>>!/ Ifrtaintajo nog fkahacakaty kfttfrs nkkjw vaitams niifss tj
bfgfrnk sfr vaifs nog cfofts samaknr tj tejsf rfifavfg cy rfbuhffs/ Xate
tef jclfitavf jb sdakk gfvfkjpmfot nog sfkb-subiafoiy+ maojrs nrf prj-
vagfg inrf terjuhe tef Voniijmpnoafg Sfbuhff Maojrs prjhrnm/ Voatfg
Ytntfs iatazfos nog knwbuk pfrmnofot rfsagfots gj ojt offg tj cf ifrta-
fg jr tj rfifavf n kfttfr jb fkahacakaty tj jctnao sfrvaifs %EEY+ 30014
V/Y/ Gfpnrtmfot jb Ytntf+ 3001i!/