Human Settlements Planning Day-1&2

8/3/2019 Human Settlements Planning Day-1&2

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Human Settlements Planning

Day 1 & 2


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Human settlement ?

Area inhabited by

human beings are

called human

settlement.

Manifested in the

form of hamlet,

village, town, city,

metropolis, etc.


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Human Settlements

Urban 'an environment in which natural

surrounding have been dominated by artificial

or man-made surroundings.' [for living,

working, recreational etc.]

Rural predominantly agrarian base and

relatively less dense.

primary activities


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Concept of Planning

Planning ?? Definition 'pre-thinking', 'pre-arranging' for goodresults in [health, convenience, comfort, happiness oroverall well being

Reflection: Eradicate mistakes from past and to bewise for the future.

Integration: it proposes to combine a variety offactors social, economic and physical into effectivechange for the present and future

Convergence: of most of the disciplines

Basis forRational decision making: resourceallocation


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Concept of Planning

Planning ?? Procedure: goal setting studying analysis policy

and plans implementation monitoring andfeedback

Problem solving :A way of systematic way of problemsolving/ thinking is always future oriented

Political act:Planning is what planning agencies do,i.e. bring scientific advice to bear on decisionsconcerning policies during an interactive process

involving the roles of advisers and decision makers(Faludi, 1973) pLanning agency = (political bodies + advisors)

hence may not benefit all the members of society equally.


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Concept of Planning

the guidance of societal development,whether of small communities or largenational and transnational politics. The

planning idea as practiced thus involves theattempt to manage societal development inplaces in ways which promote thebettermentof the human condition as

experienced through time and as lived in awider world of human and non humanrelations and forces (Friedmann, 1987)


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Concept of Planning

In simple words,

To arrange things before hand

Arrange:

Designing activities Allocating resources

Implementation strategy

Before hand:

C

lear

future vision

:objectives / goal setting

Anticipation : forecasting

Impact analysis

Before the action takes place


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Findings in common definitions

Planning concerns for:

Problem solving

Effective change for present & future

goal / Objective oriented

Forecasting future and pre assessment of impact analysis

Decision & choices on alternative ways of using available

resources

Design of activities & Implementation strategy


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Concept of Planning

Levels

International (global, multinational, Regional

blocks of nations, bilateral) UN, SAARC, DFID etc.

National Five yearNational plan, Defense plan.

Regional/District - periodic plans

Municipal

Local area (neighborhood area, various sites etc.)

household (family planning)


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Concept of Planning

Why Plan?Market does not take care of all interests.

Who Plans?All dobut public interest > Public entity

by interest groups

Advocacy planning biased to the deprived section.


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Benefits of Planning

Convinience

Efficiency

Health and Safety

benefits

Amenities

Beauty and identity

Environmental

Social Equity

Economic growth


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Planning as team work

Planner (survey/plan)

Architect

Civil engineer

Landscape architect

Sociologist

Geographer

Ecologist

Administrator (legal advisor orEconomist)

participation of localcommunities, politicians andadministrators during andearlier stages.

concerned line agencies.

(public, semi public) other professionals e.g.

geologists, surveyors,cartographers, hydrologists,agriculture, forestry,demographer, economist,

health authorities,educationists, statisticians,businessmen, industrialistsetc.


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The development

of the planning process

Survey

Analyse

Plan

Problem analysis

Goal formulation

Alternativ generation

Comparison

Decision

Implementation

Monitoring

Geddes, ca. 1920

Cybernetics tradition, 1950s and

onwards


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Classification of Planning

Based on Level

National

regional

rural

urban

Sectoral

Based on theme

Physical

economical

educational transportation

Hazard Planning

Conservation

Land use

Based on content

Comprehensive (Master plan)

Structure plan

Local plan

Based on modality

Integrated action planning

Periodic plans

Based on Style and theories

SITAR (synoptic, incremental,transactive, advocacy, radical)


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Reasons for

Town and Regional Planning

Safeguard public

interest

Avoid negative

externalities

Creation of public goods

Redistribution of goods

Pleasant aestheticconditions

Co-ordination

Future generations

Rational physical

environment Basis for decisions

Creating a totalenvironment functional,

efficient and healthier To have policy

framework


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What is

Town and regional planning?

Natu

ral science

Social science

Art

Allocation

Suitability

Consumption

Location

Impact assessment

Preservation

IT INVOLVES: IT INCLUDES LAND USE PLANNING:


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The Core of

Town & Regional Planning

The Engineering Topics(land use, water supply,transportation, )

The Design Topics(architecture, landscapearchitecture, urbandesign) .)

Planning and BuildingActs; EnvironmentalLaws

Geography (social,

economic, human,

political)

Sociology

Economics

Psychology

Political Science


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National Planning

Prepared by individualcountries for the overallsocial and economicdevelopment of the

country. could be in form of

strategic plans identifying the specificobjectives a country

would like to attain infuture.

Programs, budget,management

Prepared by NationalGovernment

NPC National PlanningCommission

Ministries

Departments

Forms

Five-year plan

Annual plans

Sectoral Developmentplans


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National Planning

It is basically development planning.

National planning can be visualized in different ways as:

Development of nation in terms of administrative or political system

Development at various levels in hierarchic order from national to localor vice versa

Development in terms of economical sectors such as agriculture,

fishing, forestry, mining etc.

Development in terms of clothing, housing, food, health, education,

employment, recreation etc.nt Planning


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National Planning

NEPALS NATIONAL PLANS

First plan : 1956-61

Second plan: 1962-65

Third plan: 1965-70

Fourth plan: 1970-75

Fifth plan: 1975-80

Sixth plan: 1980-1985

Sixth plan: 1980-1985

Seventh plan: 1985-90

Eighth plan: 1992-97 (90-91 Plan

holiday) Ninth plan: 1997-2002

Tenth plan: 2002-2007

Three yearInterim plan: 2007-2010


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National Development Issues

Poverty

Regional disparity

Social disparity

Good gover

nance

corruption, inefficiencies, implementation,

Trade imbalance

Discrimination gender, children,social

Dependence on aid

Migration

Physical access


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Regional Planning spatial development Planning

oriented to the future andattempts to order humanactivities in natural space

supra urban space - for socialand economic integration in

space and national dev. process of developing the

backward or lagging regions of acountry and integrating it to themainstream economy >>balanced regional growth.

objectives resources (natural, human and

other) utilized to the fullestextent.

to speed up regional dev >>economy of the country.

fruits of development areequitably distributed region/groups/within region

Development articulated tohave envt. - conducive to thephysical and mental health of

the people.

integration ofurban and ruralsub-systems.

To integrate HINTERLANDS


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Regional planning

objectives Avoiding wasteful duplication of facilities and ensure integration of

common facilities

Eg. Highways , trunk infrastructures >> can not be taken care bysingle town or village

Granting mutual control over the areas in the region so that thesefact could be considered in local planning

Granting planned and harmonious development of the national

economy.


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Regional Planning

resources are highly space bound need to ensure max. use.

ensure greater mass participation

where to locate new projects isas imp. as the decision to investin it.

economic and social integration

in space poorregions tend toslow down economic progress ofthe country.

Region ??? a flexible concept. >>Continuous

and localized area intermediatebetween national and urban level.

a system comprising sub-systems(included urban and rural areas,

node and surrounding

Covers both spatial anddevelopment Planning


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Regional PlanningRegional Planning

HOMOGENEOUS

similar conditions >>topography, climateor vegetation etc.

POLARISED

based oninterdependence ofthe homogeneous

units. Center periphery

model basis fornodal system.

Regionalization

Examples ofRegion

Municipal boundaries

Zone District

State

Homogenous boundarywithin a region.

Cultural region

River basin

Ecological base area


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Human Settlements Planning Day-1&2

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