HRD

INTERVENTION

IN INDIA

BY-

ASHIS KUMAR BEHERA

P.G. DEPARTMENT OF PM&IR

UTKAL UNIVERSITY

OBJECTIVES OF THE PRESENTATION

• To deal with the core concept of HRD• To figure out the development process of HRD from its beginning

in Global and Indian Context • To highlight the various macro level HRD Initiatives taken by

Indian Government.• To analyze the important challenges in the field of HRD in India

OUTLINES

• Definition: HRD • HRD in Global and Indian Context • About India Population• What The Indian Constitution Says• HRD Practice by The Govt. of India • The Challenges of HRD

INTRODUCTION

WHAT IS HUMAN RESOURCE ?

WHAT IS HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ?

WHAT IS HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT ?

LEONARD NADLEREmeritus professor of George Washington University, was regarded as father of Human Resource Development.

In the years of 1970s and 1980s, Nadler tirelessly advocated the HRD profession.

DEFINITION: HR DEVELOPMENT

HRD (Human Resources Development) has been defined by various scholars in various ways. Some of the important definitions of HRD (Human Resources Development) are as follows:

According to Leonard Nadler,

"Human resource development is a series of organised activities, conducted within a specialised time and designed to produce behavioural changes."

DEFINITION: HR DEVELOPMENT

In the words of Prof. T.V. Rao, "HRD is a process by which the employees of an organisation are helped in a continuous and planned way to

(i) acquire or sharpen capabilities required to perform various functions associated with their present or expected future roles;

(ii) develop their journal capabilities as individual and discover and exploit their own inner potential for their own and /or organisational development purposes;

(iii) develop an organisational culture in which superior-subordinate relationship, team work and collaboration among sub-units are strong and contribute to the professional well being, motivation and pride of employees."

THE CONCEPT OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 

This definition of HRD is limited to the organisational context. In the context of a state or nation it would differ.

From the macro perspective, HRD is concerned with the development and growth of people for the wellbeing at national level.

It takes, skill, health, capabilities, attitudes and believes of the people, which are most significant for the development issues at a global level.

While the national income is being computed or the economic growth is assessed, the prospective concept of HRD examines the potentialities, attitudes, skills and knowledge of the individuals and institutes a concrete base for economic planning.

However, HRD’s contribution at the macro level has not gained much popularity as yet.

HRD IN GLOBAL CONTEXT

As the concept of HRD is new, implementation of the concept of HRD is rapidly increasing. HRD is more implemented and practiced as developed countries rather then developing countries.

HRD PRACTICE IN USA

• HR is rather well developed field in US • In the early 70s, HRD is termed as ASTD . • Many Universities in the US have implemented academic programs for HRD to meet

the increasing demand for employees Skills and Expertise

HRD PRACTICE IN JAPAN The Term of HRD is defined by three terms.

1) Noryuku Kathatu (Development of Individual Abilities)

2) Jinji Keisei (formulation level of mastery over human resource through the work system and trainings)

3) Jinjai Ikusai (fostering of development of human resources through the management of human resources process)

Individual development, Career development and Organization development are three major components of HRD in Japan.

HRD PRACTICE IN CHINA

• A planned, organized education and learning process provided by the organizations to improve employees knowledge and skills

and • As well as change their job attitudes and behavior.

In china, there is no difference between HR, HRD and Personnel.

HRD IN INDIAN CONTEXT

• A new Human Resource Development system emerged in India in 1974 with Dr. T.V. Rao and Dr. Udai Pareek heading the movement.

• It was started as a "Review Exercise of the Performance Appraisal System" for Larsen & Toubro by the duo from the Indian Institutes of Management, Ahmedabad (IIMA)

• The national HRD network was formed in the year 1985 and sustained itself with good work since then.

• An Academy of HRD was started in 1990

• Only few institutions have started masters degree in HRD programs & Doctoral program is in place, and the body of knowledge in the field is growing.

• Now HRD is Professionalized.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015

• In the Human Development Report 2015, it was unveiled that India has been placed at 130th position in the 2015 Human Development Index (HDI) among the 188 countries.

• The report was released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). • Here are some interesting facts about the report and India's current status of basic

human development achievements:• The HDI is an average measure of basic human development achievements in a

country, measured by UNDP

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2015

• In 2015, India has been placed at 130th position with 0.609 score in the medium human development category. Country's rank was 135 with 0.586 score in the 2014 report

• India is ranked in the medium human development category. The country continued to rank low in the HDI, but has climbed five notches to the 130th rank in the latest UNDP report on account of rise in life expectancy and per capita income.

• Life expectancy at birth: It increased to 68 years in 2014 from 67.6 in the previous year and 53.9 in 1980.

• Gross National Income (GNI) per capita: It was 5,497 US Dollars in 2014, up from 5,180 US Dollars in 2013 and 1,255 US Dollars in 1980. India's GNI per capita increased by about 338 per cent between 1980 and 2014.

AS PER CENSUS- 2011

The population of India, at 1.21 billion as per the 2011 Census, is almost equal to the combined population of USA, Indonesia, Brazil, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Japan put together.

Also, the population of several states match, and in some cases, exceed that of several large countries. For example, the population of Uttar Pradesh is almost that of Brazil, the fifth most populous country in the world.

As per Census 2011, the population of India is 1210.19 million comprising 586.47 million (48.5%) females and 623.72 million (51.5%) males. Females have a share of 48.1% in the urban population and of 48.6% in the rural population.

The population density in India is 386 people per Km2.

WHAT ABOUT YOUTH????

With 356 million 10-24 year-olds, India has the world’s largest youth population despite having a smaller population than China, a latest UN report said on Tuesday.

It said that India with large youth populations could see its economies soar, provided it invest heavily in young people’s education and health and protect their rights.

The report titled ‘The power of 1.8 billion’, said 28 per cent of India’s population is 10 to 24 year-olds.

LITERACY RATES AMONG YOUTHAge-group Women (in %) Men (in%)15-19 74 8920-24 64 8415-24 69 8625-49 46 73

LITERACY RATE AMONG WOMEN

Age 15-77% , age 24 - 63%

• Urban 86%, rural 62%

• Never married 84%, ever married 55%

• Poorest HHs 33%, richest HHs 97%

PROVISIONS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA HAVING A BEARING ON EDUCATION

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

Part

Title Article / Schedule

Title

III Fundamental Rights

13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights

15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth

21A Right to education[Inserted by the 86th Amendment in December, 2002 and passed by the Parliament in July, 2009. The provisions of the Act came into force from 1st April, 2010]

28 Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions

30 Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY

Part Title Article / Schedule

Title

IV Directive Principles 38 State to secure a social order for the promotion of welfare of the people

41 Right to work, to education and to public assistance in certain cases

45 Text in force -Provision for free and compulsory education for children[Inserted by the 86th Amendment in December, 2002 and passed by the Parliament in July, 2009. The provisions of the Act came into force from 1st April, 2010]Provision for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years

46 Promotion of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections

47 Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health

SCHEMES & INITIATIVESGOVT. OF INDIA

SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN

FeaturesSarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) is a programme for Universal Elementary Education. This programme is also an attempt to provide an opportunity for improving human capabilities to all children through provision of community -owned quality education in a mission mode. It is a response to the demand for quality basic education all over the country.

SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN

Aims• To provide useful and elementary education for all children in the 6-14 age group.

• To bridge social, regional and gender gaps with the active participation of community in the management of schools.

• To allow children to learn about and master their natural environment in order to develop their potential both spiritually and materially.

• To inculcate value-based learning this allows children an opportunity to work for each other’s well being rather than to permit mere selfish pursuits.

• To realize the importance of Early Childhood Care and education and looks at the 0-14 age as a continuum.

RASHTRIYA MADHYAMIK SHIKSHA ABHIYANObjectives

The objectives of Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan can be summarised as follows:• To improve quality of education imparted at secondary level through

making all secondary schools conform to prescribed norms.• To remove gender, socio-economic and disability barriers.• Universal access to secondary level education by 2017, i.e., by the end of

the XII Five Year Plan.• Universal retention by 2020.

RASHTRIYA MADHYAMIK SHIKSHA ABHIYAN

Action plansRMSA is planned to promote secondary education by establishing in every target school the following infrastructure:• Laboratories• Libraries• Toilet blocks• Drinking water provisions• In addition it aims to provide additional teachers to reduce student-teacher to 30:1, focus

on science, mathematics and English education, in-service training of teachers, science laboratories, ICT-enabled education, curriculum reforms, and teaching-learning reforms.

RASHTRIYA MADHYAMIK SHIKSHA ABHIYAN

Four major heads1. Quality improvement:

2. Information communication technologies (ICT):

3. Access and equity:

4. Integrated education for disabled children (IEDC)

NATIONAL YOUTH POLICY-2003

The commitment of the entire nation to the composite and all round development of the young sons and daughters of India and seeks to establish an All-India perspective to fulfill their legitimate aspirations so that they are all strong of heart and strong of body and mind in successfully accomplishing the challenging task of national reconstruction and social changes that lie ahead.

NATIONAL LITERACY MISSION PROGRAMME

The National Literacy Mission (NLM) is a nationwide program started by Government of India in 1988.

It aims to educate 80 million adults in the age group of 15 - 35 over an eighty-year period. By "literacy", the NLM means not only learning how to read, write and count but also helping people understand why they are deprived and helping them move towards change.

SAAKSHAR BHARAT

• Saakshar Bharat is a government of India initiative launched by Prime Minister, Dr. Manmohan Singh to create a literate society through a variety of teaching learning programmes for non-literate and neo-literate of 15 years and above. It was launched on 8 September 2009 as a centrally sponsored scheme.

• It aims to recast India's National Literacy Mission to focus on literacy of women, which is expected to increase the literate population by 70 million adults, including 60 million women.

RASHTRIYA UCHCHATAR SHIKSHA ABHIYAN

Rashtriya Uchchattar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) (for "National Higher Education Mission") is a holistic scheme of development for higher education in India initiated in 2013 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India.

The centrally sponsored scheme aims at providing strategic funding to higher educational institutions throughout the country. Funding is provided by the central ministry through the state governments and union territories (UT), which in coordination with the central Project Appraisal Board will monitor the academic, administrative and financial advancements taken under the scheme.

A total of 316 state public universities and 13,024 colleges will be covered under it.

MIDDAY MEAL SCHEME

The Midday Meal Scheme is a school meal programme of the Government of India designed to improve the nutritional status of school-age children nationwide.• The programme supplies free lunches on working days for children in primary and

upper primary classes in government, government aided, local body, Education Guarantee Scheme, and alternate innovative education Madrasa and Maqtabs supported under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, and National Child Labor Project schools run by the ministry of labor.

• Serving 120,000,000 children in over 1,265,000 schools and Education Guarantee Scheme centers, it is the largest such programme in the world.

PRADHAN MANTRI KAUSHAL VIKAS YOJANA

To provide encouragement to youth for development of employable skills by providing monetary rewards by recognition of prior learning or by undergoing training at affiliated centers.

SKILL INDIA• Skill India campaign was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 15 July 2015 to train over 40

crore people in India in different skills by 2022.

• UK has entered into a partnership with India under this programme. Virtual partnerships will be initiated at the school level to enable young people of either country to experience the school system of the other country and develop an understanding of the culture, traditions and social and family systems. A commitment to achieve mutual recognition of UK and Indian qualifications was made.

• Oracle on 12 February 2016 announced that it will build a new 2.8 million sq. ft. campus in Bengaluru will be Oracle's largest outside of its headquarters in Redwood Shores, California.[5] Oracle Academy will launch an initiative to train more than half-a-million students each year to develop computer science skills by expanding its partnerships to 2,700 institutions in India from 1,700 at present.

• As of 15 February 2016, the "Indian Leather Development Programme" trained 51,216 youth in a span of 100 days and it plans to train 1,44,000 young persons annually. Four new branches of "Footwear Design & Development Institute" — at Hyderabad,Patna, Banur (Punjab) and Ankleshwar (Gujarat) — are being set up to improve training infrastructure. The industry is undergoing acute skill shortage and most of the people trained are being absorbed by the industry.

SUKANYA SAMRIDHI YOJANA (GIRL CHILD PROSPERITY SCHEME)

The scheme primarily ensures equitable share to a girl child in resources and savings of a family in which she is generally discriminated as against a male child.

NATIONAL URBAN LIVELIHOOD MISSION

This scheme will reduce poverty of urban poor households specially street vendors who constitute an important segment of urban poor by enabling them to access gainful self-employment and skilled wage employment opportunities.

SAKSHAM

SAKSHAM is a scholarship for differently-abled children by AICTE, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India that aims to award 1000 scholarships per annum to differently abled students to pursue technical education based on merit in the qualifying examination to pursue technical education.

The scholarship amount under the scheme is Rs 30,000 or tuition fees and Rs 2,000 per month for contingency allowance for 10 months.

This scholarship is for those differently abled students whose family income is less than Rs Six lakhs per annum.

NATIONAL RURAL LIVELIHOOD MISSION(NRLM)

This scheme will organize rural poor into Self Help Group(SHG) groups and make them capable for self-employment. The idea is to develop better livelihood options for the poor.

SWAVALAMBAN

Pension scheme to the workers in unorganised sector. Any citizen who is not part of any statutory pension scheme of the Government and contributes between Rs. 1000 and Rs. 12000/- per annum, could join the scheme. The Central Government shall contribute Rs. 1000 per annum to such subscribers.

SWARNAJAYANTI GRAM SWAROZGAR YOJANA

Bring the assisted poor families above the poverty line by organising them into Self Help Groups (SHGs) through the process of social mobilisation, their training and capacity building and provision of income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.

SAMPOORNA GRAMEEN ROZGAR YOJANA

Providing additional wage employment and food security, alongside creation of durable community assets in rural areas.

SABLA OR RAJIV GANDHI SCHEME FOR EMPOWERMENT OF ADOLESCENT GIRLS

Empowering adolescent girls (Age) of 11–18 years with focus on out-of-school girls by improvement in their nutritional and health status and upgrading various skills like home skills, life skills and vocational skills. Merged Nutrition Programme for Adolescent Girls (NPAG) and Kishori Shakti Yojana (KSY).

SAKSHAM OR RAJIV GANDHI SCHEME FOR EMPOWERMENT OF ADOLESCENT BOYS

Aims at all-round development of Adolescent Boys and make them self-reliant, gender-sensitive and aware citizens, when they grow up. It cover all adolescent boys (both school going and out of school) in the age-group of 11 to 18 years subdivided into two categories, viz. 11-14 & 14–18 years. In 2014–15, an allocation of Rs. 25 crore is made for the scheme.

BETI BACHAO BETI PADHAO

Objectives:• The objectives of this initiative are:• Prevention of gender biased sex selective elimination• Ensuring survival & protection of the girl child• Ensuring education and participation of the girl child

BETI BACHAO BETI PADHAO• The trend of decline in the Child Sex Ratio (CSR), defined as number of girls per

1000 of boys between 0-6 years of age, has been unabated since 1961. The decline from 945 in 1991 to 927 in 2001 and further to 918 in 2011 is alarming.

• Realizing the gravity of this issue, it was highlighted in the Address to the Joint Session of the Parliament by the President in June, 2014 and thereafter, in the Budget Speech of the Government.

• The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) initiative has two major components.

i) Media Campaign and

ii) Multi-sectoral action in 100 selected districts (as a pilot) with adverse CSR, covering all States and UTs.

ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT

An entrepreneurship development scheme is currently being developed by Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship. The scheme will being designed around the following major elements:

1. Educate and equip potential and early stage entrepreneurs across India:

2. Connect entrepreneurs to peers, mentors, incubators:

3. Support entrepreneurs through Entrepreneurship Hubs (E-Hubs):

4. Catalyse a culture shift to encourage entrepreneurship:

5. Encourage entrepreneurship among underrepresented groups:

6. Promote Entrepreneurship amongst Women:

7. Foster social entrepreneurship and grassroots innovations:

HRD CHALLENGES

HRD CHALLENGES (in 21st Century)

• People Retention (Only Money is not enough for motivation)

• Large Population

• Unskilled workforce

• Responding to the multiple Stakeholders

• Maintaining Quality of Work Life etc.

• Lack of Ethical Standard of HRD

Globalization: Rapid Innovation and Change in Technology, Quality Maintenance and assurance, Low Cost Employees …

CONCLUSION• India is poised to become the fastest growing economy in the world in 2015 yet it continues to face

key development challenges.

• Some of the key challenges that India faces and suggests practical, qualitative and philosophical changes that policy makers, educational institutions and businesses need to make in order to overcome the challenges.

• India’s ability to develop its human capital will play a key role in building a sustainable competitive advantage in the global economy of the 21st century, which needs India’s leadership to help build a new inclusive global order.

• By addressing social evils like corruption and discrimination, leveraging technology to bridge the skills-gap, and incorporating philosophical improvements in policy-making to build a culture of leadership and excellence, India can effectively prepare for its new global leadership role, thereby leveraging the potential of its vast and unique human resource.

“Never before have there been so many young people. Never again is there likely to be such potential for economic and social progress. How we meet the needs and aspirations of young people will define our common future,”

ANY QUESTIONS?

THANK YOU